UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
x
|
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
|
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2008
OR
¨
|
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
|
For the transition period from
to
Commission file number: 001-32564
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
|
|
|
Maryland
|
|
75-3152779
|
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
|
|
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
|
|
|
|
1650 Tysons Blvd., Suite 1600 McLean, Virginia
|
|
22102
|
(Address of principal executive offices)
|
|
(Zip Code)
|
(703) 714-8000
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant
to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Common Stock, $0.01 par value
Name of each exchange on which registered
New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the proceeding 12 months (or for such shorter
period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes
x
No
¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is
a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one)
Large accelerated filer
¨
Accelerated filer
x
Non-accelerated filer
¨
Smaller reporting company
¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes
¨
No
x
As of August 9, 2008, the registrant had
outstanding 25,901,035 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share.
INDEX
2
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such
statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including without limitation, statements relating to the performance of the investments of JER Investors Trust Inc. (the Company) and the Companys financing needs.
Forward-looking statements are generally identifiable by use of forward-looking terminology such as may, will, should, potential, intend, expect, endeavor,
seek, anticipate, estimate, overestimate, underestimate, believe, could, project, predict, continue or other similar words or
expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions, discuss future expectations, describe future plans and strategies, contain projections of results of operations or of financial condition or state other forward-looking
information. The Companys ability to predict results or the actual effect of future plans or strategies is inherently uncertain. Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based on
reasonable assumptions, the Companys actual results and performance could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could have a material adverse effect on the Companys operations and future
prospects include, but are not limited to:
|
|
|
changes in economic conditions generally and the real estate and capital markets specifically;
|
|
|
|
legislative and regulatory changes (including changes to laws governing the taxation of real estate investment trusts);
|
|
|
|
availability of capital to the Company;
|
|
|
|
the Companys ability to maintain existing and obtain future financing arrangements;
|
|
|
|
the Companys ability to maintain adequate liquidity, including satisfying margin call requirements and meeting distribution requirements to maintain its REIT
status;
|
|
|
|
changes in interest rates and interest rate spreads, including credit spreads;
|
|
|
|
changes in generally accepted accounting principles or interpretations thereof;
|
|
|
|
policies and rules applicable to real estate investment trusts;
|
|
|
|
application and interpretation of the rules and regulations of the Investment Company Act of 1940; and
|
|
|
|
other factors as may be detailed from time to time in the Companys public announcements and Securities and Exchange Commission filings.
|
When considering forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the risk factors and other cautionary statements in
this quarterly report and in other reports of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any of these forward-looking statements, which reflect managements views as of
the date of this quarterly report. The Risk Factors and other factors noted throughout this report could cause our actual results to differ significantly from those contained in any forward-looking statement.
Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, the Company cannot guarantee future
results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. The Company is under no duty to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this quarterly report to conform these statements to actual results.
3
PART I
ITEM 1.
|
Interim Financial Information
|
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
2008
|
|
|
December 31,
2007
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
(audited)
|
|
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
43,364
|
|
|
$
|
87,556
|
|
Restricted cash
|
|
|
1,153
|
|
|
|
6,687
|
|
CMBS financed by CDOs, at fair value
|
|
|
390,491
|
|
|
|
562,056
|
|
CMBS not financed by CDOs, at fair value
|
|
|
100,176
|
|
|
|
155,384
|
|
Real estate loans, held for investment, at fair value at June 30, 2008 and amortized cost at December 31, 2007
|
|
|
253,659
|
|
|
|
274,734
|
|
Real estate loans, held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value
|
|
|
141,913
|
|
|
|
221,599
|
|
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures
|
|
|
3,261
|
|
|
|
40,764
|
|
Accrued interest receivable
|
|
|
9,437
|
|
|
|
10,415
|
|
Due from affiliate
|
|
|
189
|
|
|
|
199
|
|
Deferred financing fees, net
|
|
|
2,076
|
|
|
|
14,454
|
|
Other assets
|
|
|
2,575
|
|
|
|
2,333
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
$
|
948,294
|
|
|
$
|
1,376,181
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CDO notes payable, at fair value at June 30, 2008; face amount at December 31, 2007
|
|
$
|
431,903
|
|
|
$
|
974,578
|
|
Repurchase agreements
|
|
|
151,301
|
|
|
|
261,864
|
|
Junior subordinated debentures
|
|
|
61,860
|
|
|
|
61,860
|
|
Interest rate swap agreements, at fair value
|
|
|
27,237
|
|
|
|
32,881
|
|
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
|
|
907
|
|
|
|
921
|
|
Dividends payable
|
|
|
7,752
|
|
|
|
28,391
|
|
Due to affiliate
|
|
|
1,477
|
|
|
|
1,195
|
|
Other liabilities
|
|
|
3,058
|
|
|
|
3,693
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Liabilities
|
|
|
685,495
|
|
|
|
1,365,383
|
|
Stockholders Equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25,901,035 shares issued and outstanding
|
|
|
259
|
|
|
|
259
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
392,481
|
|
|
|
392,270
|
|
Cumulative dividends paid/declared
|
|
|
(147,680
|
)
|
|
|
(132,186
|
)
|
Cumulative earnings
|
|
|
50,632
|
|
|
|
68,437
|
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
|
|
|
(32,893
|
)
|
|
|
(317,982
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Stockholders Equity
|
|
|
262,799
|
|
|
|
10,798
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Liabilities and Stockholders Equity
|
|
$
|
948,294
|
|
|
$
|
1,376,181
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
4
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (unaudited)
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
REVENUES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income from CMBS
|
|
$
|
24,719
|
|
|
$
|
20,531
|
|
$
|
46,171
|
|
|
$
|
38,354
|
Interest income from real estate loans
|
|
|
7,447
|
|
|
|
10,630
|
|
|
16,333
|
|
|
|
19,379
|
Interest income from cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
194
|
|
|
|
1,564
|
|
|
616
|
|
|
|
3,550
|
Lease income from real estate assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,404
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,777
|
Equity in earnings, net, of unconsolidated joint ventures
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
967
|
|
|
|
|
Fee income
|
|
|
156
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
253
|
|
|
|
|
Other income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Revenues
|
|
|
32,550
|
|
|
|
34,160
|
|
|
64,340
|
|
|
|
64,091
|
EXPENSES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
13,782
|
|
|
|
19,793
|
|
|
29,197
|
|
|
|
35,424
|
Management fees, affiliate
|
|
|
1,874
|
|
|
|
1,850
|
|
|
3,701
|
|
|
|
3,705
|
Incentive fees, affiliate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
235
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
387
|
Depreciation and amortization of real estate assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
206
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
412
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
1,937
|
|
|
|
1,975
|
|
|
3,917
|
|
|
|
4,255
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Expenses
|
|
|
17,593
|
|
|
|
24,059
|
|
|
36,815
|
|
|
|
44,183
|
INCOME BEFORE OTHER GAINS (LOSSES)
|
|
|
14,957
|
|
|
|
10,101
|
|
|
27,525
|
|
|
|
19,908
|
OTHER GAINS (LOSSES)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized loss on financial assets financed with CDOs
|
|
|
(7,319
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(186,988
|
)
|
|
|
|
Unrealized gain, net, on CDO related financial liabilities
|
|
|
29,942
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
276,516
|
|
|
|
|
Loss on interest rate swaps
|
|
|
(5,391
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(8,166
|
)
|
|
|
|
Loss on impairment of CMBS
|
|
|
(273
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(99,852
|
)
|
|
|
|
Unrealized loss, net, on real estate loan held for sale
|
|
|
(506
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(28,874
|
)
|
|
|
|
Unrealized gain (loss) on non-CDO interest rate swaps
|
|
|
8,199
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(7,401
|
)
|
|
|
|
Loss on sale of real estate loan held for sale
|
|
|
(9,249
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(9,249
|
)
|
|
|
|
Loss on termination of non-CDO interest rate swap agreement
|
|
|
(1,370
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,370
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other gains (losses)
|
|
|
14,033
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(65,384
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET INCOME (LOSS)
|
|
$
|
28,990
|
|
|
$
|
10,101
|
|
$
|
(37,859
|
)
|
|
$
|
19,908
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net earnings per share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$
|
1.13
|
|
|
$
|
0.39
|
|
$
|
(1.47
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.77
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
$
|
1.13
|
|
|
$
|
0.39
|
|
$
|
(1.47
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.77
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
25,738,893
|
|
|
|
25,695,178
|
|
|
25,723,476
|
|
|
|
25,693,615
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
25,761,345
|
|
|
|
25,720,330
|
|
|
25,762,299
|
|
|
|
25,715,513
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividends declared per common share
|
|
$
|
0.30
|
|
|
$
|
0.45
|
|
$
|
0.60
|
|
|
$
|
0.89
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
5
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY (unaudited)
(In thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
Stock
|
|
Additional
Paid-in Capital
|
|
Cumulative
Dividends
Paid/Declared
|
|
|
Cumulative
Earnings
(Losses)
|
|
|
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
(Loss)
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2007
|
|
25,901
|
|
$
|
259
|
|
$
|
392,270
|
|
$
|
(132,186
|
)
|
|
$
|
68,437
|
|
|
$
|
(317,982
|
)
|
|
$
|
10,798
|
|
Cumulative effect of adoption of SFAS No. 159
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(248,347
|
)
|
|
|
225,991
|
|
|
|
(22,356
|
)
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
268,401
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
268,401
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total cumulative effect of adoption of SFAS No. 159
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20,054
|
|
|
|
225,991
|
|
|
|
246,045
|
|
Comprehensive income (loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(37,859
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(37,859
|
)
|
Recognition of previously unrealized losses on non CDO- related interest rate swap agreements in other comprehensive income at
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,795
|
|
|
|
10,795
|
|
Amortization of swap termination costs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
|
250
|
|
Amortization of unrealized losses on CDO related interest rate swaps in other comprehensive income at December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,144
|
|
|
|
1,144
|
|
Unrealized (losses) on non-CDO CMBS available for sale
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(7,548
|
)
|
|
|
(7,548
|
)
|
Recognition of previously unrealized losses on non-CDO related CMBS in other comprehensive income at December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
54,457
|
|
|
|
54,457
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total comprehensive income (loss)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
21,239
|
|
Dividends declared
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(15,494
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(15,494
|
)
|
Stock based compensation- restricted share awards
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
211
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
211
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at June 30, 2008
|
|
25,901
|
|
$
|
259
|
|
$
|
392,481
|
|
$
|
(147,680
|
)
|
|
$
|
50,632
|
|
|
$
|
(32,893
|
)
|
|
$
|
262,799
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
6
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited)
(In thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$
|
(37,859
|
)
|
|
$
|
19,908
|
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CMBS discount (accretion) amortization, net
|
|
|
(1,395
|
)
|
|
|
1,444
|
|
Amortization of debt issuance costs
|
|
|
1,771
|
|
|
|
908
|
|
Accretion of premiums or discounts on real estate loans
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(505
|
)
|
Amortization of other comprehensive (income) loss related to CDO related interest rate swap agreements
|
|
|
1,397
|
|
|
|
215
|
|
Depreciation and amortization on real estate assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
413
|
|
Unrealized (gain) loss on CDO related financial assets and liabilities, net
|
|
|
(89,528
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized loss on interest rate swap agreement
|
|
|
8,764
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized loss on impairment of CMBS
|
|
|
99,852
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss on sale of real estate loan held for sale
|
|
|
9,249
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized loss on real estate loans held for sale, net
|
|
|
28,874
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity in earnings, net, from unconsolidated joint ventures
|
|
|
(966
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures
|
|
|
1,252
|
|
|
|
|
|
Straight line rental income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(819
|
)
|
Payment-in-kind (PIK) interest on real estate loan held for sale
|
|
|
(2,099
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Stock compensation expense
|
|
|
211
|
|
|
|
242
|
|
Changes in assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Decrease (increase) in other assets
|
|
|
(242
|
)
|
|
|
(185
|
)
|
Decrease (increase) in accrued interest receivable
|
|
|
978
|
|
|
|
(1,929
|
)
|
Increase (decrease) in due to/from affiliates, net
|
|
|
302
|
|
|
|
(409
|
)
|
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities, net
|
|
|
(662
|
)
|
|
|
2,600
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by operating activities
|
|
|
19,899
|
|
|
|
21,883
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase of CMBS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(181,590
|
)
|
Purchase of real estate loans
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(413,048
|
)
|
Purchase of real estate assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(38,749
|
)
|
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures
|
|
|
(2,231
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Decrease in restricted cash, net
|
|
|
5,534
|
|
|
|
4,080
|
|
Proceeds from sale of unconsolidated joint ventures
|
|
|
39,448
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from repayment of real estate loans
|
|
|
7,471
|
|
|
|
150,064
|
|
Proceeds from sale of real estate loans held for sale
|
|
|
36,191
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
|
|
|
86,413
|
|
|
|
(479,243
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividends paid
|
|
|
(36,133
|
)
|
|
|
(29,843
|
)
|
Proceeds from repurchase agreements
|
|
|
1,556
|
|
|
|
473,868
|
|
Repayment of repurchase agreements
|
|
|
(112,119
|
)
|
|
|
(180,581
|
)
|
Proceeds from issuance of junior subordinated debentures
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
61,860
|
|
Purchase of common equity in JERIT TS Statutory Trust I
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,860
|
)
|
Payment of financing costs
|
|
|
(2,438
|
)
|
|
|
(1,030
|
)
|
Payment of interest rate swap termination costs
|
|
|
(1,370
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
|
|
|
(150,504
|
)
|
|
|
322,414
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
(44,192
|
)
|
|
|
(134,946
|
)
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
|
|
|
87,556
|
|
|
|
143,443
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
|
|
$
|
43,364
|
|
|
$
|
8,497
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid for interest
|
|
$
|
34,878
|
|
|
$
|
33,474
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividends declared but not paid
|
|
$
|
7,752
|
|
|
$
|
11,609
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
7
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data and as otherwise noted)
1. ORGANIZATION
JER Investors Trust Inc., a Maryland corporation (the Company), was formed on April 19, 2004 for the purpose of acquiring and originating
a diversified portfolio of commercial real estate structured finance investments. References herein to we, us or our refer to JER Investors Trust Inc. unless the context specifically requires otherwise.
The Company is organized and conducts its operations to qualify as a real estate investment trust (REIT) for federal income
tax purposes. To maintain our status as a REIT, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our ordinary taxable income to shareholders. Additionally, management believes that the Company conducts its operations so as not to be regulated as an
investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940. We are not subject to regulation as an investment company under the Investment Company Act because we do not meet the definition of an investment company under the Investment Company Act,
including Section 3(a)(1)(C). From time to time in the past, we have relied on the exclusion from investment company status provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act (and Section 3(c)(6) if, from time to time, we
engaged in our real estate business through one or more majority-owned subsidiaries).
Subject to certain restrictions and limitations, the
business of the Company is managed by JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC (the Manager). The consolidated financial statements of JER Investors Trust Inc. include the accounts of the Company, six wholly-owned subsidiaries created in
connection with the Companys collateralized debt obligations (CDO), five wholly-owned subsidiaries established for financing purposes and the Companys taxable REIT subsidiary (TRS). There are no balances or
activities in the TRS and two of the financing subsidiaries.
2. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE CREDIT MARKETS AND THE COMPANYS LIQUIDITY
Recently, significant disruptions in the global credit markets have had a substantial effect on market participants. These disruptions
have led to, among other things, a significant decline in the fair value of many mortgage related investments, as well as a significant contraction in commercial paper and other short-term and long-term funding sources, including sources that the
Company depends on to finance certain of its investments, specifically repurchase agreements and commercial real estate collateralized debt obligations (CRE CDOs). As a result, many companies have had difficulty valuing certain of their holdings as
a result of market illiquidity as well as obtaining sustainable long-term sources of capital to adequately finance their business. The Company has had a similar experience in the current capital markets environment.
During the second half of 2007 and continuing through the second quarter of 2008, the Company has generally seen a significant widening of credit spreads
in both the subordinate CMBS market which includes bonds rated BB+ through NR classes, and in the investment grade tranches of BBB- and above. For example, the credit spread over applicable swap rates for typical BBB- CMBS new-issue bonds was
estimated to exceed 1800 basis points as of June 30, 2008 compared to approximately 900 basis points as of December 31, 2007 and approximately 95 basis points as of December 31, 2006. Additionally, the Company has seen widening of
credit spreads on real estate loans, including B-Notes, mezzanine loans and whole loans, although not as dramatic as that seen in the CMBS market.
The Company finances certain of its investments with repurchase agreements that are subject to margin calls. Under the terms of the repurchase agreements, the value of assets underlying the debt is marked-to-market by the counterparty at
its discretion, as frequently as on a daily basis. If the value of the underlying asset declines, the counterparty has the ability to require us to post additional margin cash or other collateral to compensate for the decline in value
of the asset (conversely, if the value of the underlying asset increases, a portion of the margin we previously posted may be returned to us, although this has happened on a limited basis to date). Primarily as a result of spread widening, the
Company has had significant margin calls on its repurchase agreement facilities based upon fair market value determinations of the underlying collateral. For the twelve months ended June 30, 2008, the Company paid $141.9 million in margin
calls. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, such margin calls totaled $18.3 million and $84.0 million, respectively. There have been $9.5 million of margin calls subsequent to June 30, 2008 through August 4, 2008.
These events have had a significant adverse impact on the Companys liquidity position and its ability to achieve its long- term financing objectives. The Companys liquidity, results of operations and financial condition have been and may
continue to be adversely impacted if market conditions continue to deteriorate and by continued margin calls under the repurchase agreements. Additionally, in order to obtain cash to satisfy margin calls the Company may liquidate assets at an
inopportune time, which could result in further significant realized losses. Given the current volatility in the capital markets, the Company cannot predict changes in the market value of collateral and potential margin call requirements, if any,
under its repurchase agreement facilities.
In order to ensure that the Company continues to have adequate liquidity in this turbulent
market environment, the Company sold its remaining 50% interest in the Charter Schools Joint Venture for approximately $39.4 million in April 2008, sold a whole mortgage loan classified as held for sale for $36.6 million (before transaction costs)
in June 2008 and as of June 30, 2008 has five additional real estate loan investments classified as held for sale in order to provide additional potential sources of liquidity for general corporate purposes, including debt repayment and
acquisitions, among other items. The Company sold one of those loans in July 2008, generating total proceeds of $54.8 million. The Companys current liquidity plans involve extending and/or replacing certain of
8
its repurchase agreement facilities, sale of additional assets and evaluating other potential financing and capital raise options. Although the Company
cannot provide any assurances that these plans individually or collectively will be accomplished, management believes that achievement of certain of the plans should continue to provide the Company with adequate liquidity.
The Company does not currently know the full extent to which the current market disruption will affect it or the markets in which it operates, and the
Company is unable to predict its length or ultimate severity. If the challenging conditions continue, the Company may experience further tightening of liquidity, impairment charges and increased margin requirements as well as additional challenges
in raising capital and obtaining investment financing on attractive terms. Decisions by investors and lenders to enter into transactions with the Company will depend upon a number of factors, such as our historical and projected financial
performance, compliance with the terms of our current credit arrangements, industry and market trends, the availability of capital and investors and lenders policies and rates applicable thereto, and the relative attractiveness of
alternative investment or lending opportunities.
Currently, the market for short-term credit facilities is very challenging and many
lenders are actively seeking to reduce their balances outstanding by lowering advance rates on financed assets and increasing borrowing costs, to the extent such facilities continue to be available. The Company currently has three repurchase
agreements outstanding with JPMorgan Chase, Bear Stearns and Goldman Sachs which have stated maturity dates of August 22, 2008, September 12, 2008 and October 1, 2009. With respect to the Goldman Sachs facility, the Company is
obligated to pay quarterly availability fees to maintain the facility through October 1, 2009. The Company has recently agreed in principle on terms with JPMorgan related to the extension and consolidation of our CMBS repurchase agreement
facilities with JPMorgan and Bear Stearns. It is anticipated that the term of the facility will be extended to August 2009 and require a partial paydown of outstanding borrowings due to lower advance rates and be fully recourse to the Company, among
other items. The Company is in the process of completing final legal documentation of this agreement.
In the event the Company is unable
to maintain or extend existing and/or secure new lines of credit or collateralized financing on favorable terms, its ability to successfully implement its investment strategy may be significantly impacted and returns to investors may be reduced. In
the event the Companys current short-term credit facilities are not extended or extended with lower advance rates on collateral, the Company may be required to sell assets at potentially unfavorable prices to payoff such facilities which may
reduce earnings and operating cash flow.
3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying
consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. In
the Companys opinion, all material adjustments (consisting of normal, recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. In preparing these consolidated financial statements, management must make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, as of the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash, time deposits, and money market funds with an original maturity of 90 days or less when purchased. Carrying value
approximates fair value due to the short-term maturity of the investments.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash consists of principal and interest payments received by the trustee on investments that serve as collateral for CDO I and CDO II, as
defined in Note 9 with such interest payments remitted to the Company on a monthly basis. As of December 31, 2007, restricted cash also included cash posted with interest rate swap counterparties to secure out of the money positions on the
Companys interest rate swap agreements. The Company was not required to post cash as collateral under its existing interest rate swap agreements as of June 30, 2008.
Fair Value Election
The Company elected, pursuant to Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 159 (SFAS No. 159), effective January 1, 2008, the fair value option (FVO) for all financial assets and liabilities related to its CDO I and CDO II financings. The assets and liabilities include:
|
|
|
CMBS investments pledged as collateral in CDOs
|
|
|
|
Real estate loans pledged as collateral in CDOs, which currently represent our real estate loans held for investment
|
|
|
|
CDO related interest rate swaps
|
9
As a result of electing the FVO for our CDO notes payable, the related unamortized deferred financing
fees were charged against cumulative earnings as of January 1, 2008. There were no financial assets or liabilities acquired during the first or second quarters of 2008, but the Company may elect the FVO for financial assets acquired or
financial liabilities incurred in the future.
Under SFAS No. 159, the carrying value of the financial assets and liabilities for
which the FVO was elected were reset to their fair values as of January 1, 2008. The Company elected the FVO to provide a consistent balance sheet presentation of the fair value of both the assets and liabilities associated with the CDO
financings. The impact to stockholders equity as of January 1, 2008 is outlined in Note 4. Subsequent to January 1, 2008, changes in the fair value of these elected financial assets and liabilities will be recognized in the statement
of operations.
Fair Value Measurements
The Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (SFAS No. 157), effective January 1, 2008. Under this standard, fair value is defined as the price that would be
received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants.
SFAS 157 establishes a fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs into valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy prioritizes observable data from active markets, placing measurement using those inputs in level 1
of the fair value hierarchy, and gives the lowest priority to unobservable inputs and classifies these as level 3 measurements. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under SFAS 157 are described below:
|
|
|
Level 1 - Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at
the measurement date;
|
|
|
|
Level 2 - Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable either directly or indirectly;
|
|
|
|
Level 3 - Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.
|
A financial instruments level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value
measurement.
Fair value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of a market participant who holds the asset or owes the
liability rather than an entity-specific measurement. Therefore, even when market participant assumptions are not readily available, managements own assumptions are set to reflect those that market participants would use in pricing the asset
or liability at the measurement date.
Other Than Temporary Impairment
The Company accounts for its commercial mortgage back securities (CMBS) assets not pledged to its CDOs in accordance with Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities. The Company generally classifies such CMBS investments as available-for-sale because the Company may
dispose of them prior to maturity in response to changes in the market, liquidity needs or other events even though it does not hold the securities for the purpose of selling them in the near term.
With respect to the Companys CMBS investments not pledged to its CDOs, when the present value of current period estimates of future cash flows are
lower than the present value of the previous period estimates, as adjusted for principal and loan payments, and the current estimated fair value is less than an assets carrying value, the Company will write down the asset to the current
estimated fair value and record impairment through a charge to current period earnings. After taking into account the effect of the impairment charge, income is recognized using the market yield for the security used in establishing the current
estimated fair value.
Any unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities which are determined to be temporary do not affect
the Companys reported income or cash flows, but are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders equity and, accordingly, affect stockholders equity and book value per share. The Company
must also assess whether unrealized losses on securities indicate other than temporary impairment, which would result in writing down the security to its fair value through a charge to earnings. The Company follows impairment guidance of Emerging
Issues Task Force (EITF) 99-20, Recognition of Interest Income and Impairment on Purchased and Retained Beneficial Interests in Securitized Financial Assets, in assessing potential other than temporary impairment of its CMBS
investments. If deemed other than temporarily impaired, this will create a new carrying basis for the security and a revised yield will be calculated based on the future estimated cash flows as described below under
Revenue Recognition
.
The Company also follows the impairment guidance in FASB Staff Position (FSP) FAS 115-1, The Meaning of
Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 59 (SAB 59), Accounting for Noncurrent Marketable Equity Securities. In accordance with the applicable impairment
literature, when the fair value of an available for sale security is less than its amortized cost for an extended period, the Company considers whether there is an other
10
than temporary impairment in the value of the security. If an other than temporary impairment exists, the cost basis of the security is written down to the
then-current fair value, and the unrealized loss is reflected as an immediate reduction of current earnings. The determination of other than temporary impairment is a subjective process, and different judgments and assumptions could affect the
timing of loss recognition.
The Company considers the following factors when determining whether there is evidence of an other than
temporary impairment for a security or investment: (i) the length of time and the extent to which the market value has been less than the amortized cost including current and future indicators of credit deterioration, and the outlook for such
market for the near future, and (ii) our intent and ability to hold the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value. In the future, if the Companys liquidity needs change, it may impact
the Companys ability and intent to hold certain investments.
For assets in which the FVO was not elected under SFAS 159, if an other
than temporary impairment charge is recorded, future increases in fair value of the impaired security will be recorded as increases in other comprehensive income in the consolidated statement of changes in stockholders equity.
Derivative Activities
The Company accounts
for derivative and hedging activities using SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended by SFAS No. 138, Accounting for Certain Derivative Instruments and Certain Hedging
Activities, and SFAS No. 149, Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, which requires all derivative instruments to be carried at fair value on the balance sheets.
The Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk-management objective and strategy for
undertaking each hedge transaction and how ineffectiveness of the hedging instrument, if any, will be measured. Derivative instruments designated in a hedge relationship to mitigate exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other
types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Cash flow hedges are accounted for by recording the fair value of the derivative instrument on the balance sheets as either an asset or liability. To the extent hedges are effective,
a corresponding amount, adjusted for swap payments, is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders equity. Ineffectiveness, if any, is recorded in the income statement. The net gain or loss related to the
termination of a derivative instrument remains in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and is amortized into earnings during the same period in which the original hedged transaction affects earnings when it is probable that the forecasted
transaction will occur within the originally specified time period. The Company periodically reviews the effectiveness of each hedging transaction, which involves estimating future cash flows, at least quarterly as required by the standard.
Derivative instruments designated in a hedge relationship to mitigate exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, will be considered fair value
hedges under SFAS No. 133. See Note 11 for information related to our interest rate swap agreements outstanding as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007. As of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company had no fair
value or cash flow hedges as of June 30, 2008.
In the event a cash flow hedge is no longer highly effective or it becomes probable
that a forecasted transaction being hedged will not occur as anticipated, then cash flow hedge accounting is no longer applicable and the changes in fair value of the hedge will be recorded as unrealized gains and losses in the income statement.
Additionally, any amount accumulated in other comprehensive income will be charged to earnings in the period in which the Company loses hedge accounting.
Real Estate Loans
The Company determines if its real estate loans should be accounted for as loans, real estate
investments or equity method joint ventures in accordance with AICPA Practice Bulletin No. 1 on acquisition, development or construction (ADC) arrangements. To date, the Company has accounted for all of its arrangements as loans
based on the guidance set forth in the Practice Bulletin.
The Company acquires participating interests in commercial real estate first
mortgage loans and mezzanine loans. When the Company initially invests in loan participations, they are evaluated under SFAS No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities, to determine whether the
participation interest meets the definition of a debt security. To the extent a given loan participation meets the definition of a debt security, the participation will be accounted for according to the guidance in SFAS No. 115. Those loan
participations that do not meet the definition of a debt security are accounted for as loans in accordance with SFAS No. 65,
Accounting for Certain Mortgage Banking Activities
, and are initially recorded at the purchase price, which is
generally at or near par value, and are carried on the balance sheet at amortized cost for those loans classified as held for investment or at the lower of cost or market for those classified as held for sale. To date, the Company has determined
that none of the participation interests acquired met the definition of a debt security. See additional information regarding loan accounting and revenue recognition below under
Revenue Recognition
.
In accordance with SFAS No. 65, real estate loans that the Company does not have the ability and/or intent to hold until maturity are classified as
loans held for sale. Real estate loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or market value, on an individual loan basis, using available market information obtained through consultation with dealers or other originators of such
11
investments. Unamortized discounts or premiums are written off on all loans classified as held for sale as well as loans for which the Company elected the
fair value option.
Real Estate and Depreciation
The Company accounts for real estate acquisitions pursuant to SFAS No. 67, Accounting for Costs and Initial Rental Operations of Real Estate Projects and SFAS No. 141, Business
Combinations. Accordingly, the Company allocates the purchase price among land, buildings, improvements, lease intangibles, and any personal property acquired based on estimated relative fair values at the time of acquisition. All capital
improvements that extend the useful life of the asset are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. All tenant improvements are amortized over the shorter of the useful life of the improvements or the term of the related tenant
lease. Depreciation on building and improvements is generally provided on a straight-line basis over 39 years for buildings or over the life of the respective improvement ranging from 5 to 20 years. Depreciation expense for the three and
six months ended June 30, 2008 was $0 and $0.2 million, respectively, and is included as a component of equity in earnings from unconsolidated joint ventures on the consolidated statement of operations while depreciation expense for the three
and six month ended June 30, 2007 was $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. As of June 30, 2008, the Company had no remaining investments in real estate assets.
Deferred Financing Costs
Deferred financing
costs represent commitment fees, legal and other third party costs associated with obtaining commitments for financing which result in a closing of such financing. These costs are amortized, using the effective interest method, into earnings through
interest expense over the terms of the respective agreements. Unamortized deferred financing costs are expensed when the associated debt is refinanced or repaid before maturity. Costs incurred in seeking financing transactions which do not close are
expensed in the period in which it is determined that the financing will not close.
As a result of the adoption of SFAS No. 159 on
CDO notes payable, the Company recorded a charge against cumulative earnings for unamortized deferred financing costs related to such notes payable as of January 1, 2008 and any future costs will be expensed as incurred.
Dividends to Stockholders
In order for
corporate income tax not to apply to the earnings the Company distributes, the Company must distribute to its stockholders an amount at least equal to (i) 90% of its REIT taxable income (determined before the deduction for dividends paid and
excluding any net capital gain), plus (ii) 90% of the excess of its net income from foreclosure property (as defined in Section 856(e) of the Internal Revenue Code) over the tax imposed on such income by the Internal Revenue Code, less
(iii) any excess non-cash income (as determined under the Internal Revenue Code). The Company is subject to income tax on income that is not distributed, and to an excise tax to the extent that certain percentages of its income are not
distributed by specified dates. The actual amount and timing of distributions is at the discretion of the Companys Board of Directors, and depends upon various factors. Dividends to stockholders are accrued on the declaration date.
Earnings per Share
The Company calculates
basic and diluted earnings per share in accordance with SFAS No. 128, Earnings per Share. Basic earnings per share (EPS) is calculated using income available to common stockholders divided by the weighted average of
common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is similar to basic EPS except that the weighted average of common shares outstanding is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the
dilutive potential common shares had been exercised using the treasury stock method. Vested equity awards are included in both basic and diluted EPS. Nonvested equity awards are included in diluted EPS to the extent that they are dilutive under the
treasury stock method. At June 30, 2008, 163,534 restricted share awards are considered to be issued for purposes of issued and outstanding shares per the balance sheet but are excluded from basic EPS under SFAS No. 128 as nonvested equity
awards. Nonvested equity awards with market or performance conditions are considered contingently issuable shares under SFAS No. 128 and are included in diluted EPS only to the extent that the condition would have been satisfied if the end of
the reporting period were the end of the contingency period. The performance or market condition for 90,750 restricted share awards and 75,000 stock options would not have been satisfied as of June 30, 2008 and therefore these share awards have
been excluded from the diluted EPS calculation for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008. The dilutive effect of 163,584 shares of non-vested restricted stock has been excluded from the calculation of basic EPS for the three and six
months ended June 30, 2008 and 75,000 unexercised stock options have been excluded from the calculation of basic EPS for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007.
12
The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted weighted average common shares for the
three and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
Basic weighted average common shares
|
|
25,738,893
|
|
25,695,178
|
|
25,723,476
|
|
25,693,615
|
Dilutive potential common shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Directors and officers stock awards
|
|
22,452
|
|
25,152
|
|
38,823
|
|
20,621
|
Officer stock options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,277
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted weighted average common shares
|
|
25,761,345
|
|
25,720,330
|
|
25,762,299
|
|
25,715,513
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income and other comprehensive income (loss). The Companys accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
is comprised primarily of unrealized gains and losses on securities categorized as available-for-sale, swap termination costs amortized through a charge to interest expense over the life of the hedge and from net realized and unrealized gains and
losses on certain derivative instruments accounted for as cash flow hedges through December 31, 2007. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, the Company amortized a net amount of $0.7 million and $1.4 million,
respectively, from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to unrealized gain (loss) related to discontinued hedge accounting and terminated cash flow hedges more fully described in Note 11. Total comprehensive income (loss) for the six months
ended June 30, 2008 was $21.2 million.
Revenue Recognition
Interest income on loans and CMBS investments is recognized over the life of the investment using the effective interest method. Mortgage loans will
generally be originated or purchased at or near par value and interest income will be recognized based on the contractual terms of the debt instrument. In accordance with SFAS No. 91, Accounting for Nonrefundable Fees and Costs Associated
with Originating or Acquiring Loans and Initial Direct Costs of Leases, any discounts or premiums on purchased loans and loan fees or acquisition costs on originated loans will be deferred and recognized over the term of the loan as an
adjustment to yield. Any unamortized balance of purchased premiums or discounts and loan origination costs are included as a part of the cost basis of the asset in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Any exit fees received from prepayments
of loans are recognized in the current period and included in interest income.
Interest income on CMBS investments is recognized on the
effective interest method as required by EITF 99-20. Under EITF 99-20, management estimates, at the time of purchase, the future expected cash flows and determines the effective interest rate based on these estimated cash flows and the
Companys allocated purchase prices. Subsequent to the purchase and on a quarterly basis, these estimated cash flows are updated and a revised yield is calculated based on the current amortized cost of the investment. In estimating these cash
flows, there are a number of assumptions that are subject to uncertainties and contingencies. These include the amount and timing of principal payments (including prepayments, repurchases, defaults and liquidations), the pass through or coupon rate,
and interest rate fluctuations. In addition, interest payment shortfalls due to delinquencies on the underlying mortgage loans, and the timing of and magnitude of projected credit losses on the mortgage loans underlying the securities have to be
estimated. These uncertainties and contingencies are difficult to predict and are subject to future events that may impact managements estimates and the Companys interest income. As a result, actual results may differ significantly from
these estimates.
With respect to the Companys CMBS investments, when the present value of current period estimates of future cash
flows are lower than the present value of the previous period estimates, as adjusted for principal and loan payments, and the current estimated fair value is less than an assets carrying value, the Company will write down the cost basis of the
asset to the current estimated fair value and record impairment or unrealized losses through a charge to current period earnings. After taking into account the effect of the charge, income is recognized using the market yield for the security used
in establishing the current estimated fair value.
Equity in the income or loss of unconsolidated joint ventures is recorded based on the
equity method of accounting. The Company allocates income to equity participants based on the terms of the respective partnership agreements upon an assumed liquidation of the joint venture at its depreciated book value as of the end of the
reporting period.
Lease income from leased real estate assets is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the lease in
accordance with SFAS No. 13. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2007, $0.4 million and $0.8 million, respectively, of rent recognized as income in excess of amounts contractually due pursuant to the underlying leases is included
in lease income from real estate assets.
13
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, $0 and $0.4 million, respectively, is included in equity in earnings from unconsolidated joint
ventures on the consolidated statement of operations.
In accordance with the criteria established in SFAS No. 13,
Accounting for
Leases
, the Company has evaluated each lease agreement related to the net leased real estate assets and determined all leases are operating leases through October 30, 2007 as more fully described in Note 7. In April 2008, the Company sold
its remaining 50% interest in the Joint Venture for $39.4 million, which approximated cost basis, and no longer has any investment in net lease real estate assets subsequent to the sale.
Income Taxes
We operate in a manner that we believe will allow us to be taxed as a REIT and,
as a result, we do not expect to pay substantial corporate-level income taxes. Many of the requirements for REIT qualification, however, are highly technical and complex. If we were to fail to meet these requirements and do not qualify for certain
statutory relief provisions, we would be subject to Federal income tax, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and amounts available for distributions to our stockholders.
In June 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, (FIN
48). FIN 48 prescribes how the Company should recognize, measure and present in the Companys financial statements uncertain tax positions that have been taken or are expected to be taken in a tax return. Pursuant to FIN 48, the
Company can recognize a tax benefit only if it is more likely than not that a particular tax position will be sustained upon examination or audit. To the extent the more likely than not standard has been satisfied, the
benefit associated with a tax position is measured as the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement.
The Company is subject to U.S. Federal income tax as well as income tax of multiple state and local jurisdictions but, as a REIT, the Company is generally not subject to income tax on net income distributed as dividends to
shareholders. As required, the Company adopted FIN 48 effective January 1, 2007 and has concluded that there is no effect on the Companys consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, the Company did not record a cumulative effect
adjustment related to the adoption of FIN 48.
The 2004 through 2006 tax years remain subject to examination by taxing authorities. The
Company classifies interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions, if any, in its general and administrative expense on its consolidated statements of operations. There were no penalties related to uncertain tax positions for the years
ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Loan Loss Provisions
The Company purchases and originates commercial real estate mortgage and mezzanine loans to be held as long-term investments. The loans are evaluated for
possible impairment on a quarterly basis. In accordance with SFAS No. 114, Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan, impairment occurs when it is deemed probable the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due
according to the contractual terms of the loan. Impairment is then measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows or the fair value of the collateral, if the loan is collateral dependent. Upon measurement of impairment, the
Company will establish a reserve for loan losses and a corresponding charge to earnings through the provision for loan losses. Significant judgments are required in determining impairment, which includes making assumptions regarding the value of the
loan, the value of the real estate or partnership interests that secure the loan and any other applicable provisions, including guarantee and cross-collateralization features, if any. There were no loan loss reserves recorded as of June 30,
2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, and there were no provisions for loan losses recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company has issued restricted shares of common stock and options
to purchase common stock, or equity awards, to our directors, our Manager, employees of affiliates of our Manager and other related persons. The Company accounts for stock-based compensation related to these equity awards using the fair value based
methodology under FASB Statement No. 123(R), or SFAS 123(R), Share Based Payment and EITF 96-18, Accounting for Equity Instruments that are Issued to Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or
Services. Compensation expense for equity awards to individuals deemed to be employees for purposes of SFAS 123(R) is measured based on the grant date fair value and amortized into expense over the requisite service period. SFAS 123(R)
requires that awards to non-employees be accounted for according to the fair value provisions of the Statement, but does not specify the measurement date for such non-employee awards. Accordingly, the measurement date for non-employee awards is
determined based on the guidance in EITF 96-18. To the extent that non-employee awards do not contain a performance component as defined in EITF 96-18, compensation cost for equity awards issued to non-employees is initially measured at fair value
at the grant date, remeasured at subsequent reporting dates to the extent the awards are unvested, and amortized to expense over the requisite service period.
14
Variable Interest Entities
In December 2003, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued a revised version of FASB Interpretation No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities (FIN
46(R)). FIN 46(R) addresses the application of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51, Consolidated Financial Statements, to certain entities in which voting rights are not effective in identifying an investor with a controlling
financial interest. An entity is considered a variable interest entity (VIE) and subject to consolidation under FIN 46(R) if the investors either do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without
additional subordinated financial support, are unable to direct the entitys activities, or are not exposed to the entitys losses or entitled to its residual returns. Variable interest entities within the scope of FIN 46(R) are required
to be consolidated by their primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity is determined to be the party that absorbs a majority of the entitys expected losses, its expected returns, or both.
The Companys ownership of the subordinated classes of CMBS from a single issuer gives it the right to control the foreclosure/workout process on
the underlying loans (Controlling Class CMBS). FIN 46(R) has certain scope exceptions, one of which provides that an enterprise that holds a variable interest in a qualifying special-purpose entity (QSPE) does not consolidate
that entity unless that enterprise has the unilateral ability to cause the entity to liquidate. SFAS No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities, provides the requirements
for an entity to be considered a QSPE. To maintain the QSPE exception, the trust must continue to meet the QSPE criteria both initially and in subsequent periods. A trusts QSPE status can be impacted in future periods by activities of its
transferor(s) or other involved parties, including the manner in which certain servicing activities are performed. To the extent its CMBS investments were issued by a trust that meets the requirements to be considered a QSPE, the Company records the
investments at the purchase price paid. To the extent the underlying trusts are not QSPEs, the Company follows the guidance set forth in FIN 46(R) as the trusts would be considered VIEs.
The Company has analyzed the governing pooling and servicing agreements for each of its Controlling Class CMBS and believes that the terms are industry
standard and are consistent with the QSPE criteria. However, there is uncertainty with respect to QSPE treatment due to ongoing review by accounting standard setters, potential actions by various parties involved with the QSPE, as discussed above,
as well as varying and evolving interpretations of the QSPE criteria under SFAS No. 140. Additionally, the standard setters continue to review the FIN 46(R) provisions related to the computations used to determine the primary beneficiary of a
VIE. Future guidance from the standard setters may require the Company to consolidate CMBS trusts in which the Company has invested. In April 2008, the FASB voted to issue an exposure draft in the near future which may propose significant changes to
SFAS No. 140 and in June 2008, the FASB voted to issue an exposure draft which may alter the definition of primary benificiaries as defined under FIN 46(R). The Company will closely monitor any developments in this area and assess the impact on
any such amendment to its financial statements.
15
The table below details information about the Companys CMBS investments, including the purchase
date, the face amount of the total CMBS issuance, the original face amount of our CMBS investments, and the amortized cost of our CMBS investments as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CMBS Trust
|
|
Investment
Date
|
|
Total Face Amount
of CMBS Issuance
|
|
Original Face
Amount of
Investment
|
|
Amortized Cost
(1)
as of
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
2008
|
|
December 31,
2007
|
MACH One 2004-1
|
|
July 2004
|
|
$
|
643,261
|
|
$
|
50,637
|
|
$
|
11,998
|
|
$
|
19,672
|
CSFB 1998-C1
|
|
August 2004
|
|
|
2,482,942
|
|
|
12,500
|
|
|
9,132
|
|
|
9,565
|
CSFB 2004-C4
|
|
November 2004
|
|
|
1,138,077
|
|
|
52,976
|
|
|
11,733
|
|
|
22,575
|
MLMT 2004-BPC1
|
|
November 2004
|
|
|
1,242,650
|
|
|
76,986
|
|
|
14,976
|
|
|
26,174
|
JPMCC 2004-C3
|
|
December 2004
|
|
|
1,517,410
|
|
|
81,561
|
|
|
20,201
|
|
|
35,800
|
JPMCC 2005-CIBC11
|
|
March 2005
|
|
|
1,800,969
|
|
|
70,035
|
|
|
15,432
|
|
|
33,761
|
BACM 2005
|
|
April 2005
|
|
|
2,322,091
|
|
|
84,663
|
|
|
25,050
|
|
|
41,630
|
LB UBS 2005-C2
|
|
April 2005
|
|
|
1,942,131
|
|
|
7,000
|
|
|
2,432
|
|
|
4,328
|
CSFB 2005-C2
|
|
May 2005
|
|
|
1,614,084
|
|
|
82,261
|
|
|
22,507
|
|
|
37,695
|
LB UBS 2005-C3
|
|
June 2005
|
|
|
2,060,632
|
|
|
39,335
|
|
|
8,544
|
|
|
17,626
|
JPMCC 2005-CIBC12
|
|
July 2005
|
|
|
2,167,039
|
|
|
70,429
|
|
|
14,980
|
|
|
33,793
|
JPMCC 2005-LDP4
|
|
September 2005
|
|
|
2,677,075
|
|
|
90,352
|
|
|
23,692
|
|
|
48,731
|
MSCI 2005-IQ10
|
|
October 2005
|
|
|
1,546,863
|
|
|
55,274
|
|
|
14,267
|
|
|
30,694
|
MLMT 2005 CK11
|
|
December 2005
|
|
|
3,073,749
|
|
|
96,066
|
|
|
28,472
|
|
|
51,689
|
MSC 2006 HQ8
|
|
March 2006
|
|
|
2,731,231
|
|
|
105,707
|
|
|
33,055
|
|
|
62,181
|
JPMCC 2006-CIBC15
|
|
June 2006
|
|
|
2,118,303
|
|
|
71,493
|
|
|
16,951
|
|
|
37,436
|
CGCMT 2006-C4
|
|
June 2006
|
|
|
2,263,536
|
|
|
84,395
|
|
|
23,238
|
|
|
50,759
|
MSCI 2006- HQ9
|
|
August 2006
|
|
|
2,565,238
|
|
|
81,338
|
|
|
20,760
|
|
|
48,577
|
MLMT 2006- C2
|
|
August 2006
|
|
|
1,542,697
|
|
|
60,067
|
|
|
18,341
|
|
|
38,249
|
JPMCC 2006- LDP8
|
|
September 2006
|
|
|
3,066,028
|
|
|
107,158
|
|
|
29,237
|
|
|
64,231
|
CD 2006- CD3
|
|
October 2006
|
|
|
3,571,361
|
|
|
110,713
|
|
|
26,263
|
|
|
62,616
|
MSCI 2007- HQ11
|
|
February 2007
|
|
|
2,417,647
|
|
|
89,530
|
|
|
26,360
|
|
|
58,401
|
GCCFC 2007- GG9
|
|
March 2007
|
|
|
6,575,924
|
|
|
34,167
|
|
|
12,309
|
|
|
31,061
|
JPMCC 2007- LDP10
|
|
March 2007
|
|
|
5,331,517
|
|
|
151,616
|
|
|
42,175
|
|
|
85,343
|
WAMU 2007- SL3
|
|
June 2007
|
|
|
1,284,473
|
|
|
6,500
|
|
|
3,136
|
|
|
5,746
|
JPMCC 2007- LDP12
|
|
August 2007
|
|
|
2,310,556
|
|
|
81,402
|
|
|
19,881
|
|
|
39,554
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
$
|
62,007,484
|
|
$
|
1,854,161
|
|
$
|
495,122
|
|
$
|
997,887
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
The decline in amortized cost from December 31, 2007 to June 30, 2008 is due primarily the recognition of
unrealized losses of $504.2 million for the six month ended June 30, 2008, which included $280.5 million of unrealized loss at January 1, 2008.
|
The Companys maximum carrying value exposure to loss as a result of its investment in these securities totaled $495.1 million and $997.9 million as
of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. However, the Company has reduced its maximum economic loss exposure through the use of non-recourse and partial recourse financing vehicles for these investments.
The financing structures that the Company offers to its borrowers on certain of its loans involve the creation of entities that could be deemed VIEs and,
therefore, could be subject to FIN 46(R). Management has evaluated these entities and has concluded that none of them are VIEs that are subject to consolidation under FIN 46(R).
In April 2007, the Company created a trust subsidiary for the purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. The trust is considered a VIE under FIN
46(R) and it was determined that the Company is not the primary beneficiary of the trust. Accordingly, the trust is accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Refer to Note 9 for further details.
In October 2007, the Company sold a 50% interest in all twelve of its net leased real estate assets by forming a joint venture with an unrelated third
party. The joint venture was not considered a VIE under FIN 46(R) and the Company accounted for its investment in the joint venture under the equity method of accounting. In April 2008, the Company sold its remaining 50% interest in the Joint
Venture for $39.4 million which approximated cost basis.
In December 2007, the Company entered in an agreement to invest up to $10.0
million into a fund, defined as the JER US Debt Co-Investment Vehicle, L.P. (the US Debt Fund) established to buy loans secured, directly or indirectly, by commercial real estate,
16
including B-Notes, mezzanine loans and whole mortgage loans, and also in preferred equity, CMBS and CMBS-related products such as CMBX and credit default
swaps. Excluded investments for the US Debt Fund include non-performing loans, fee-simple ownership interests, single family residential mortgages and related securities (sub-prime, conforming, jumbo or Alt-A), whole loans originated directly by us
or an affiliate of our Manager and net leased real estate assets. The US Debt Fund is not considered a VIE under FIN 46(R). Accordingly, the US Debt Fund is accounted for using the equity method of accounting. As of June 30, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, the Company had invested $3.3 million and $1.2 million, respectively, in the US Debt Fund.
New Accounting Standards
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157,
Fair Value Measurements
, which defines fair value as the price that would be
received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the market in which the reporting entity transacts. SFAS No. 157 applies whenever other standards require assets or liabilities
to be measured at fair value and does not expand the use of fair value in any new circumstances. SFAS No. 157 establishes a hierarchy that prioritizes the information used in developing fair value estimates. The hierarchy gives the highest
priority to quoted prices in active markets and the lowest priority to unobservable data, such as the reporting entitys own data or assumptions of market participants. SFAS No. 157 requires fair value measurements to be disclosed by level
within the fair value hierarchy. SFAS No. 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and was adopted on January 1, 2008 by us. Under SFAS No. 157, valuations of assets and liabilities must reflect the
fair value of the instrument including the values associated with credit risk. Consequently, the Company must value its derivative liabilities taking into account its credit risk and the credit risk of the counterparties and thus including in the
valuation of the derivative instrument the value of the net credit differential between the counterparties to the derivative contract. Effective January 1, 2008, the Company updated its methodology to calculate the impact of both the
counterparty and its own credit standing which had the impact of reducing by $3.5 million the aggregate fair value of our derivative liabilities as of June 30, 2008. The fair value of the derivative liability is determined under SFAS 157 as the
price that would be paid to transfer the liability to a market participant with the same credit risk as the Company. However, if the Company were to terminate or settle all of its derivative liabilities with its counter parties, the amount due as of
June 30, 2008 was $30.7 million.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159,
The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets
and LiabilitiesIncluding an Amendment of SFAS No. 115.
SFAS No. 159 permits entities to choose to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value. SFAS No. 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after
November 15, 2007. The Company elected the fair value option for all financial assets and liabilities associated with its CDO I and CDO II financings. The impact of adopting SFAS No. 159 increased stockholders equity by approximately
$246 million as of January 1, 2008, which can be attributed to an increase in retained earnings of approximately $20 million and an increase in accumulated other comprehensive loss of approximately $226 million (See Note 4). The adoption of
SFAS No. 159 did not have an impact on the operating cash flows of the Company. The primary reason the Company selected the fair value option for all assets and liabilities associated with our CDO I and CDO II financings was to provide a
consistent balance sheet presentation of the fair value of both the assets and liabilities associated with those financings. The Company has not acquired assets or incurred debt during the first six months of 2008 but expects to elect the fair value
option in the future if we conduct similar long-term match funded financing transactions.
In June 2007, AICPA Statement of Position 07-1,
Clarification of the Scope of the Audit and Accounting Guide: Investment Companies and Accounting by Parent Companies and Equity Method Investors for Investments in Investment Companies (SOP 07-1) was issued. SOP 07-1
provides specific conditions for determining whether an entity is within the scope of the Guide. Additionally, for those entities that are investment companies under SOP 07-1, additional guidance is provided regarding the retention of specialized
investment company industry accounting by a parent company in consolidation or by an investor that has the ability to exercise significant influence over the investment company and applies the equity method of accounting to its investment in the
entity. In October 2007 and again in February 2008, the FASB voted to indefinitely defer the effective date of SOP 07-1 until they can reassess its provisions. Early adoption of the SOP is not permitted for entities that had not already adopted the
standard as of the first deferral date. Accordingly, at this time, it is not possible to determine what impact, if any, SOP 07-1 will have on the Company.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R), Business Combinations (SFAS 141(R)). This Statement replaces SFAS No.141, Business Combinations, and requires an acquirer to recognize
the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, including those arising from contractual contingencies, any contingent consideration, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree at the acquisition date, measured at their fair values as of that
date, with limited exceptions specified in the statement. SFAS No. 141(R) also requires the acquirer in a business combination achieved in stages (sometimes referred to as a step acquisition) to recognize the identifiable assets and
liabilities, as well as the noncontrolling interest in the acquiree, at the full amounts of their fair values (or other amounts determined in accordance with SFAS No. 141(R)). In addition, SFAS No. 141(R)s requirement to measure the
noncontrolling interest in the acquiree at fair value will result in recognizing the goodwill attributable to the noncontrolling interest in addition to that attributable to the acquirer. SFAS No. 141(R) amends SFAS No. 109,
Accounting for Income Taxes, to require the acquirer to recognize changes in the amount of its deferred tax benefits that are recognizable because of a business combination either in income from continuing operations in the period of the
combination or directly in contributed capital, depending on the circumstances. It also amends SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, to, among other things, provide guidance on the impairment testing of acquired
research and development intangible assets and assets that the acquirer intends not to use. SFAS No. 141(R) applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first
17
annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact that the adoption of SFAS
No. 141(R) could have on its financial statements.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, Noncontrolling
Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements (SFAS 160). SFAS No. 160 amends Accounting Research Bulletin 51, Consolidated Financial Statements, to establish accounting and reporting standards for the
noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. It also clarifies that a noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary is an ownership interest in the consolidated entity that should be reported as equity in the
consolidated financial statements. SFAS No.160 also changes the way the consolidated income statement is presented by requiring consolidated net income to be reported at amounts that include the amounts attributable to both the parent and the
noncontrolling interest. It also requires disclosure, on the face of the consolidated statement of income, of the amounts of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the noncontrolling interest. SFAS No. 160 requires that a
parent recognize a gain or loss in net income when a subsidiary is deconsolidated and requires expanded disclosures in the consolidated financial statements that clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the parent owners and the
interests of the noncontrolling owners of a subsidiary. SFAS 160 is effective for fiscal periods, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact
that the adoption of SFAS No. 160 could have on its financial statements.
In February 2008, the FASB issued Staff Position
No. 140-3, or FSP No. 140-3, Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets and Repurchase Financing Transactions. FSP No. 140-3 provides guidance on the accounting for a purchase of a financial asset from a counterparty and
contemporaneous financing of the acquisition through repurchase agreements with the same counterparty. Under this guidance, the purchase and related financing are linked, unless all of the following conditions are met at the inception of the
transaction: 1) the purchase and corresponding financing are not contractually contingent; 2) the repurchase financing provides recourse; 3) the financial asset and repurchase financing are readily obtainable in the marketplace and
are executed at market rates; and 4) the maturity of financial asset and repurchase are not coterminous. A linked transaction would require a determination under SFAS No. 140 to conclude if the transaction meets the requirements for sale
accounting. If the linked transaction does not meet sale accounting requirements, the net investment in the linked transaction is to be recorded as a derivative with the corresponding change in fair value of the derivative being recorded through
earnings. The value of the derivative would reflect changes in the value of the underlying debt investments and changes in the value of the underlying credit provided by the counterparty. The Company currently presents these transactions gross, with
the acquisition of the financial assets in total assets and the related repurchase agreements as financing in total liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and the interest income earned on the debt investments and interest expense incurred
on the repurchase obligations are reported gross on the consolidated income statements. FSP No. 140-3 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the
effect, if any, that this pronouncement will have on its future financial position or results of operations.
In March, 2008, the FASB
issued SFAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133. This statement provides for enhanced disclosures about how and why an entity uses
derivatives and how and where those derivatives and related hedged items are reported in the entitys financial statements. The statement is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. The
Company is currently evaluating the impact of SFAS No. 161 on its financial position, results of operations and financial disclosures.
In June 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position EITF 03-06-1,
Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-based Payment Transactions are Participating Securities
, or FSP EITF 03-06-1. This standard requires that unvested
share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or payments shall be included in the computation of a companys earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. In effect, FSP EITF 03-06-1 requires companies to
report basic and diluted earnings per share in two broad categories. First, companies would be required to report basic and diluted earnings per share associated with the unvested share-based payments with nonforfeitable rights. Second, companies
would separately report basic and diluted earnings per share for their remaining common stock. FSP EITF 03-06-1 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and interim periods within those
years. All prior period earnings per share presented must be adjusted retrospectively to conform to the provisions of this FSP. Early application is not permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of FSP EITF 03-06-1 will have on our
financial position, results of operations and financial disclosures.
Reclassifications
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
18
4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Election of the Fair Value Option (FVO) under SFAS No. 159
The Company adopted SFAS No. 159 on
January 1, 2008 and elected the FVO to measure of all of its financial assets and liabilities associated with our CDO I and II financings at fair value. The Company elected the FVO to provide a consistent balance sheet presentation of the fair
value of both the assets and liabilities associated with those CDO financings. As a result of our election of the FVO, all changes in fair value of the elected assets and liabilities are recorded with charges in fair value recognized through
earnings. The following financial assets and liabilities were accounted for using the FVO as of June 30, 2008:
|
|
|
CMBS investments pledged as collateral in CDOs
|
|
|
|
Real estate loans pledged as collateral in CDOs, which currently represent our real estate loans held for investment
|
|
|
|
CDO related interest rate swaps
|
Upon adoption of SFAS 159 on January 1, 2008, all assets and liabilities for which the FVO was elected were marked to fair value with the adjustment recorded to beginning cumulative earnings as of the election date. For CMBS assets and
interest rate swaps, the amounts accumulated in other comprehensive income as of January 1, 2008 were reclassified to beginning cumulative earnings. Additionally, as a result of electing the FVO for our CDO notes payable, the related
unamortized deferred financing fees were charged against cumulative earnings as of January 1, 2008. The table below reconciles cumulative earnings on January 1, 2008 as a result of the Companys election of the FVO:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carrying
Value
Prior to
Adoption
|
|
Impact on
Cumulative
Earnings
|
|
|
Carrying
Value
After
Adoption
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate loans
|
|
$
|
274,734
|
|
$
|
(9,311
|
)
|
|
$
|
265,423
|
CDO deferred financing fees
|
|
|
13,011
|
|
|
(13,011
|
)
|
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CDO notes payable
|
|
|
974,578
|
|
|
(268,401
|
)
|
|
|
706,177
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cumulative effect of adoption on stockholders equity at January 1, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
246,079
|
|
|
|
|
Reduction of cumulative earnings due to CMBS fair value adjustment reclassified from other comprehensive income
|
|
|
|
|
|
(225,991
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cumulative effect on cumulative retained earnings, January 1, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
20,088
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value Determination under SFAS No. 157
Pursuant to the provisions of SFAS No. 157, the fair values of our assets and liabilities are determined through the use of market based and
observable inputs, to the extent available, and generally represent prices that would be used to sell the assets or transfer the liabilities between market participants in orderly transactions. Given the unique nature of many of our assets and
liabilities and the lack of clearly determinable market based valuation inputs, many of our assets are valued using internal estimates and models. Based on the high level of subjectivity which exists with respect to many of our valuation inputs, the
fair values we have disclosed may not equal prices that may ultimately be realized if the assets are sold or liabilities transferred with third parties.
Below is a description of the valuation methods for our assets and liabilities recorded at fair value.
|
|
|
CMBS investments are carried at fair value on a recurring basis- The fair value of CMBS investments is determined by management based on discounted cash flow models
which utilize prepayment and loss assumptions based upon historical experience, economic factors and forecasts and the characteristics of the underlying cash flows. Management determines the applicable discount rates based on current credit spreads
as reflected in information provided by issuers of the securities who consider market participant assumptions, comparable deals purchased or traded in the marketplace, if available, the CMBX indices and other derivative trading markets and market
interest rates. In addition, management validates its fair value estimates with information from dealers who make markets in these securities as well as lenders on our repurchase agreement facilities. The Company classifies all CMBS investments as
Level 3 assets.
|
|
|
|
Real estate loans The Company generally receives values provided by lenders on our repurchase agreements that are used to determine the fair value the
Companys real estate loans to the extent that such values are generally consistent with other market participants inputs received. To the extent the Company does not receive values from lenders, the Company uses discounted
|
19
|
cash flow models employing discount rates that are based on managements best estimate of market participant assumptions. The Company has classified all
real estate loans as Level 3 assets.
|
|
|
|
Interest rate swap agreements The fair value of our interest rate swap agreements is determined using market observable inputs such as a market based yield
curve and other factors determined by management, such as the credit valuation adjustment related to our credit risk and the counterparty credit risk. The Company classifies all interest rate swap agreements as Level 3 assets or liabilities due to
the unobservable nature of the credit risk adjustment, which may be significant to the valuation.
|
|
|
|
CDO notes payable The Company generally receives pricing from third party broker/dealers familiar with the securities to determine the fair value of our CDO
notes payable. To the extent a bid-ask range of pricing is provided by the broker/dealers, the Company marks its notes payable to the mid-point of such bid-ask range. The Company classifies all CDO notes payable as Level 3 liabilities, as there are
no observable transactions related to these notes.
|
Assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis
The following table sets forth assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis on the balance sheet as of
June 30, 2008. Assets and liabilities have been grouped in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement as required by SFAS 157.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
($ in thousands)
|
|
Fair Value
Measurement as of
June 30, 2008
|
|
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
|
|
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
|
|
Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level
3)
|
Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CMBS, at fair value:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CMBS financed by CDOs, at fair value
|
|
$
|
390,491
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
390,491
|
CMBS not financed by CDOs, at fair value
|
|
|
100,176
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100,176
|
Real estate loans, held for investment, at fair value
|
|
|
253,659
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
253,659
|
Real estate loans, held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value
|
|
|
141,913
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
141,913
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
$
|
886,239
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
886,239
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CDO notes payable, at fair value
|
|
$
|
431,903
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
431,903
|
Interest rate swap agreements, at fair value, related to CDOs
|
|
|
19,501
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19,501
|
Interest rate swap agreements, at fair value, not related to CDOs
|
|
|
7,736
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,736
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Liabilities
|
|
$
|
459,140
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
459,140
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following tables present a summary of the changes in the fair values for the three and six
months ended June 30, 2008 of Level 3 assets and liabilities carried at fair value as of June 30, 2008.
20
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gains/(Losses) Included in Income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(amounts in thousands)
|
|
FVO
Election
(Yes/No)
|
|
Beginning
Balance
as of
April 1,
2008
|
|
|
Unrealized
|
|
|
Realized
|
|
|
Transfer from
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income to
Gains (Losses)
|
|
Total
Gains
(Losses)
|
|
|
Transfer to
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income Gains
(Losses)
|
|
|
Purchases,
Sales,
Repayments,
Issuances, &
Settlements,
net
|
|
|
Premium/
Discount
Amortization
|
|
|
Transfers
In/ (Out)
of Level 3
|
|
Ending
Balance
as of
June 30,
2008
|
|
|
Gains/
(Losses)
Included in
Earnings
Related to
Assets/
Liabilities
held
at
June 30,
2008
|
|
Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CMBS, at fair value:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CMBS, financed by CDOs, at fair value
|
|
Yes
|
|
$
|
388,146
|
|
|
$
|
(428
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
(428
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
2,773
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
390,491
|
|
|
$
|
(428
|
)
|
CMBS, not financed by CDOs, at fair value
|
|
No
|
|
|
109,076
|
|
|
|
(273
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(273
|
)
|
|
|
(7,583
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,045
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
100,176
|
|
|
|
(273
|
)
|
Real estate loans, held for investment, at fair value
|
|
Yes
|
|
|
260,558
|
|
|
|
(6,856
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(6,856
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
253,659
|
|
|
|
(6,856
|
)
|
Real estate loans, held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value
|
|
No
|
|
|
189,209
|
|
|
|
(506
|
)
|
|
|
(9,249
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(9,755
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(37,541
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
141,913
|
|
|
|
(9,755
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
|
|
$
|
946,989
|
|
|
$
|
(8,063
|
)
|
|
$
|
(9,249
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
(17,312
|
)
|
|
$
|
(7,583
|
)
|
|
$
|
(37,541
|
)
|
|
$
|
1,728
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
886,239
|
|
|
$
|
(17,312
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CDO notes payable, at fair value, related to CDOs
|
|
Yes
|
|
$
|
(439,524
|
)
|
|
$
|
7,585
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
7,585
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
(431,903
|
)
|
|
$
|
7,585
|
|
Interest rate swap agreements, at fair value, related to CDOs
|
|
Yes
|
|
|
(41,823
|
)
|
|
|
22,322
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22,322
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(19,501
|
)
|
|
|
22,322
|
|
Interest rate swap agreements, at fair value, not related to CDOs
|
|
No
|
|
|
(15,544
|
)
|
|
|
8,199
|
|
|
|
(1,370
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,829
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,370
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(7,736
|
)
|
|
|
6,829
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Liabilities
|
|
|
|
$
|
(496,891
|
)
|
|
$
|
38,106
|
|
|
$
|
(1,370
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
36,736
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,370
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
(459,140
|
)
|
|
$
|
36,736
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gains and Losses (Realized and Unrealized) Included In Earnings for the Three Months Ended
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss on
CMBS
Financed
by
CDOs
|
|
|
Loss on
CMBS
Not
Financed
by CDOs
|
|
|
Loss on
Real
Estate
Loans
Held for
Investment
|
|
|
Loss on
Real
Estate
Loans
Held for
Sale
|
|
|
Total
Losses
|
|
Total gains (losses) included in earnings for the period
|
|
$
|
(428
|
)
|
|
$
|
(273
|
)
|
|
$
|
(6,856
|
)
|
|
$
|
(9,755
|
)
|
|
|
(17,312
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in gains or losses related to financial assets still held at reporting date
|
|
$
|
(428
|
)
|
|
$
|
(273
|
)
|
|
$
|
(6,856
|
)
|
|
$
|
(9,755
|
)
|
|
$
|
(17,312
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gain on
CDO
Notes
Payable
|
|
Gain on
CDO
Related
Interest
Rate
Swaps
|
|
Loss on
Non-
CDO
Related
Interest
Rate
Swaps
|
|
Total
Gains
|
Total gains (losses) included in earnings for the period
|
|
$
|
7,585
|
|
$
|
22,322
|
|
$
|
6,829
|
|
$
|
36,736
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in gains or losses related to financial liabilities still held at reporting date
|
|
$
|
7,585
|
|
$
|
22,322
|
|
$
|
6,829
|
|
$
|
36,736
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for Six Months Ended June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gains/(Losses) Included in Income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(amounts in thousands)
|
|
FVO
Election
(Yes/No)
|
|
Beginning
Balance as of
December 31,
2007
|
|
|
Unrealized
|
|
|
Realized
|
|
|
Transfer from
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income to
Gains (Losses)
|
|
|
Total
Gains
(Losses)
|
|
|
Transfer to
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income Gains
(Losses)
|
|
|
Purchases,
Sales,
Repayments,
Issuances, &
Settlements,
net
|
|
|
Premium/
Discount
Amortization
|
|
|
Transfers
In/ (Out)
of Level 3
|
|
Ending
Balance
as of
June 30,
2008
|
|
|
Gains/
(Losses)
Included in
Earnings
Related to
Assets/
Liabilities
held at
June
30,
2008
|
|
Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CMBS, at fair value:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CMBS, financed by CDOs, at fair value
|
|
Yes
|
|
$
|
562,056
|
|
|
$
|
(175,189
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
(175,189
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
3,624
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
390,491
|
|
|
$
|
(175,189
|
)
|
CMBS, not financed by CDOs, at fair value
|
|
No
|
|
|
155,384
|
|
|
|
(45,392
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(54,457
|
)
|
|
|
(99,852
|
)
|
|
|
(7,583
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,234
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
100,176
|
|
|
|
(99,852
|
)
|
Real estate loans, held for investment, at fair value
|
|
Yes
|
|
|
265,423
|
|
|
|
(11,764
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(11,764
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
43
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
253,659
|
|
|
|
(11,764
|
)
|
Real estate loans, held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value
|
|
No
|
|
|
221,599
|
|
|
|
(28,874
|
)
|
|
|
(9,249
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(38,123
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(41,674
|
)
|
|
|
111
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
141,913
|
|
|
|
(38,123
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,204,462
|
|
|
$
|
(261,219
|
)
|
|
$
|
(9,249
|
)
|
|
$
|
(54,457
|
)
|
|
$
|
(324,928
|
)
|
|
$
|
(7,583
|
)
|
|
$
|
(41,674
|
)
|
|
$
|
1,544
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
886,239
|
|
|
$
|
(324,928
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CDO notes payable, at fair value, related to CDOs
|
|
Yes
|
|
$
|
(706,177
|
)
|
|
$
|
274,237
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
274,237
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
(431,903
|
)
|
|
$
|
274,237
|
|
Interest rate swap agreements, at fair value, related to CDOs
|
|
Yes
|
|
|
(21,741
|
)
|
|
|
2,244
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,244
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(19,501
|
)
|
|
|
2,244
|
|
Interest rate swap agreements, at fair value, not related to CDOs
|
|
No
|
|
|
(11,139
|
)
|
|
|
3,394
|
|
|
|
(1,370
|
)
|
|
|
(10,795
|
)
|
|
|
(8,771
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,370
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(7,736
|
)
|
|
|
(8,771
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Liabilities
|
|
|
|
$
|
(739,057
|
)
|
|
$
|
279,875
|
|
|
$
|
(1,370
|
)
|
|
$
|
(10,795
|
)
|
|
$
|
267,710
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,370
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
(459,140
|
)
|
|
$
|
267,710
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gains and Loses (Realised and Unrealised) Included In Earnings for the Six Months Ended June 30,
2008)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss on
CMBS
Financed
by CDOs
|
|
|
Loss on
CMBS
Not
Financed
by CDOs
|
|
|
Loss on
Real
Estate
Loans
Held for
Investment
|
|
|
Loss on
Real
Estate
Loans
Held for
Sale
|
|
|
Total
Losses
|
|
Total gains (losses) included in earnings for the period
|
|
$
|
(175,189
|
)
|
|
$
|
(99,852
|
)
|
|
$
|
(11,764
|
)
|
|
$
|
(38,123
|
)
|
|
|
(324,928
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in gains or losses related to financial assets still held at reporting date
|
|
$
|
(175,189
|
)
|
|
$
|
(99,852
|
)
|
|
$
|
(11,764
|
)
|
|
$
|
(38,123
|
)
|
|
$
|
(324,928
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gain on
CDO
Notes
Payable
|
|
Gain on
CDO
Related
Interest
Rate
Swaps
|
|
Loss on
Non-
CDO
Related
Interest
Rate
Swaps
|
|
|
Total
Gains
|
Total gains (losses) included in earnings for the period
|
|
$
|
274,237
|
|
$
|
2,244
|
|
$
|
(8,771
|
)
|
|
$
|
267,710
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in gains or losses related to financial liabilities still held at reporting date
|
|
$
|
274,237
|
|
$
|
2,244
|
|
$
|
(8,771
|
)
|
|
$
|
267,710
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22
5. CMBS
The following is a summary of the Companys CMBS investments as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
Amortized
Cost
(3)
|
|
Gross Unrealized
|
|
|
Estimated
Fair Value
|
|
Weighted Average
|
Security Description
|
|
Face Amount
|
|
|
Gains
|
|
Losses
|
|
|
|
Coupon
|
|
|
Yield
(4)
|
|
|
Term (yrs)
|
CMBS not financed by CDOs
(1)
|
|
$
|
453,105
|
|
$
|
107,724
|
|
$
|
392
|
|
$
|
(7,940
|
)
|
|
$
|
100,176
|
|
5.2
|
%
|
|
20.6
|
%
|
|
8.6
|
CMBS financed by CDOs
(2)
|
|
|
1,307,637
|
|
|
387,398
|
|
|
10,909
|
|
|
(7,816
|
)
|
|
|
390,491
|
|
5.1
|
%
|
|
20.0
|
%
|
|
9.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,760,742
|
|
$
|
495,122
|
|
$
|
11,301
|
|
$
|
(15,756
|
)
|
|
$
|
490,667
|
|
5.1
|
%
|
|
20.1
|
%
|
|
9.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
CMBS not financed by CDOs are fair valued based on SFAS
No. 157 and accounted for as available for sale securities pursuant to SFAS No. 115 and EITF 99-20 and thereby subject to potential other than temporary impairment charges.
|
(2)
|
CMBS financed by CDOS are fair valued based on SFAS
No. 157 and accounted for using the fair value election pursuant to SFAS No. 159 as of January 1, 2008 and are not subject to other than temporary impairment charges as changes in fair value are recorded as a component of other gains
(losses) in the consolidated statement of operations. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, the Company recorded a $3.5 million and $404.3 million, respectively, reduction in the amortized cost basis of CMBS assets financed by CDOs
pursuant to EITF 99-20 and SFAS No. 159.
|
(3)
|
As a result of recording an other than temporary impairment
charge at March 31, 2008, the amortized cost of these CMBS securities were written down to their estimated fair value at that date. Subsequent to March 31, 2008, unrealized gains/losses on CMBS not financed by CDOs, if any, that are not
considered other than temporary impairment will be included in other comprehensive income (loss).
|
(4)
|
Yield is based on amortized cost.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
Amortized
Cost
|
|
Gross Unrealized
|
|
|
Estimated
Fair Value
|
|
Weighted Average
|
Security Description
|
|
Face Amount
|
|
|
Gains
|
|
Losses
|
|
|
|
Coupon
|
|
|
Yield
(1)
|
|
|
Term (yrs)
|
CMBS not financed by CDOs
|
|
$
|
453,105
|
|
$
|
209,840
|
|
$
|
548
|
|
$
|
(55,004
|
)
|
|
$
|
155,384
|
|
5.2
|
%
|
|
9.0
|
%
|
|
9.6
|
CMBS financed by CDOs
|
|
|
1,309,052
|
|
|
788,047
|
|
|
2,069
|
|
|
(228,060
|
)
|
|
|
562,056
|
|
5.1
|
%
|
|
8.6
|
%
|
|
10.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,762,157
|
|
$
|
997,887
|
|
$
|
2,617
|
|
$
|
(283,064
|
)
|
|
$
|
717,440
|
|
5.1
|
%
|
|
8.7
|
%
|
|
10.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
Yield is based on amortized cost.
|
The unrealized gains (losses) are primarily the result of changes in spreads and market interest rates subsequent to the purchase of a CMBS
investment.
The Companys valuation and income recognition processes involves estimating loss adjusted cash flows over the expected
term of the securities and determining an effective yield to maturity based on those cash flow estimates. For CMBS, if there is an adverse change in the net present value of projected cash flows from those estimated in the previous period, and the
fair value of the security is below its amortized cost basis, the Company will reduce the amortized cost basis to fair value, pursuant to EITF 99-20. Additionally, if CMBS assets are in a significant unrealized loss position for an extended period
of time, the Company will consider reducing the amortized cost basis to fair value pursuant to guidance outlined in EITF 99-20, FSP 115-1 and SAB 59. For assets in which we did not elect the FVO, this would result in an other than temporary
impairment charge on the consolidated statement of operations. We recorded non-cash impairment charges of $0.3 million and $99.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 on our CMBS investments not financed by CDOs. The
non-cash impairment charge includes $0.3 million and $2.4 million of charges related to declines in the projected net present value of future cash flows on certain of the CMBS investments pursuant to EITF 99-20. The remaining non-cash CMBS
impairment charge of $97.5 million was booked in the first quarter of 2008 and relates to other than temporary declines in fair value due to widening credit spreads for CMBS investments which began in the first half of 2007, accelerated throughout
the second half of 2007 and continued through the first quarter of 2008 resulting in both increased severity of the level of unrealized losses as well as increased duration of such unrealized losses. For the three and six months ended June 30,
2007, we recorded no non-cash impairment charges on our CMBS investments.
As a result of the write-down in value of our CMBS assets
financed by CDOs due to adoption of FVO and the write-down in value of our CMBS assets not financed by CDOs due to other than temporary impairment, the overall costs basis has been significantly reduced to reflect the decline in
estimated fair value. Accordingly, the weighted average yields on CMBS assets have increased due to a reduction in cost basis, without a corresponding reduction in projected cash flows. As a result of the increase in the weighted average yields, the
Company will recognize increased interest income as the amortized costs basis of these bonds is accreted back towards face value. Accretion income was $1.7 million and $1.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively.
23
The following table sets forth the amortized cost, fair values and gross unrealized losses, aggregated by
investment category and length of time that the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
Security Description
|
|
Amortized
Cost
|
|
Unrealized Loss
> 12 Months
|
|
|
Unrealized Loss
< 12 Months
|
|
|
Fair
Value
|
CMBS not financed through CDOs
(1)
|
|
$
|
88,818
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
(7,940
|
)
|
|
$
|
80,878
|
CMBS financed through CDOs
(2)
|
|
|
146,704
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(7,816
|
)
|
|
|
138,888
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
235,522
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
(15,756
|
)
|
|
$
|
219,766
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
Security Description
|
|
Amortized
Cost
|
|
Unrealized Loss
> 12 Months
|
|
|
Unrealized Loss
< 12 Months
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
CMBS not financed through CDOs
(1)
|
|
$
|
207,387
|
|
$
|
(41,157
|
)
|
|
$
|
(13,847
|
)
|
|
$
|
152,383
|
CMBS financed through CDOs
(2)
|
|
|
771,009
|
|
|
(168,658
|
)
|
|
|
(59,402
|
)
|
|
|
542,949
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
978,396
|
|
$
|
(209,815
|
)
|
|
$
|
(73,249
|
)
|
|
$
|
695,332
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
Changes in fair value excluding other than temporary impairment
charges recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders equity on the consolidated balance sheets.
|
(2)
|
Changes in fair value recorded in other gains (losses) in the
consolidated statement of operations.
|
As of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the mortgage loans in the
underlying collateral pools for all CMBS were secured by properties of the types and at the locations identified below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Location
(1)
|
|
June 30,
2008
|
|
|
December 31,
2007
|
|
California
|
|
15.4
|
%
|
|
14.8
|
%
|
New York
|
|
11.8
|
%
|
|
10.4
|
%
|
Texas
|
|
6.6
|
%
|
|
6.6
|
%
|
Florida
|
|
5.8
|
%
|
|
5.6
|
%
|
Virginia
|
|
4.6
|
%
|
|
4.8
|
%
|
Pennsylvania
|
|
4.0
|
%
|
|
3.6
|
%
|
Other
(3)
|
|
50.9
|
%
|
|
53.3
|
%
|
Re-REMIC
(4)
|
|
0.9
|
%
|
|
0.9
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property Type
(1)
|
|
June 30,
2008
|
|
|
December 31,
2007
|
|
Retail
|
|
30.6
|
%
|
|
29.0
|
%
|
Office
|
|
32.6
|
%
|
|
31.8
|
%
|
Residential
(2)
|
|
15.4
|
%
|
|
15.4
|
%
|
Hospitality
|
|
7.1
|
%
|
|
6.9
|
%
|
Industrial
|
|
5.4
|
%
|
|
5.2
|
%
|
Other
(3)
|
|
8.0
|
%
|
|
10.8
|
%
|
Re-REMIC
(4)
|
|
0.9
|
%
|
|
0.9
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
Percentages are based on the unpaid principal balance of the underlying loans in our CMBS investments. Classifications are based on the National Council of Real Estate Investment
Fiduciaries (NCREIF) standard categories.
|
(2)
|
Residential primarily consists of multi-family apartment buildings, mobile home parks, and student housing.
|
(3)
|
No other individual state or property type comprises more than 4.0% of the total as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
|
(4)
|
The Companys investment in a Re-REMIC backed by CMBS from 41 previous conduit securitizations is not included in the above categories due to the stratification information on
the original loan collateral not being meaningful.
|
The non-investment grade and unrated tranches of the CMBS owned by the
Company provide credit support to the more senior classes of the related securitizations. Cash flow from the underlying mortgages generally is allocated first to the senior tranches, with the most senior tranches having a priority right to the cash
flow. Any remaining cash flow is allocated, generally, among the other tranches in order of their relative seniority. To the extent there are defaults and unrecoverable losses on the underlying mortgages resulting in reduced cash flows, the
remaining CMBS classes will bear such losses in order of their relative subordination.
24
As of June 30, 2008, the Companys CMBS investments were financed by CDOs and repurchase
agreements as follows. For the CMBS investments financed via repurchase agreements, total borrowings outstanding at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 were $50.3 million and $96.1 million, respectively.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of June 30, 2008
|
|
Financing Source
|
|
Face
Amount
|
|
Amortized
Cost
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
Unrealized
Gain (Loss)
|
|
|
Weighted
Average Yield
Based on
Amortized Cost
|
|
CDO
|
|
$
|
1,307,637
|
|
$
|
387,398
|
|
$
|
390,491
|
|
$
|
3,093
|
|
|
20.0
|
%
|
Repurchase agreement
|
|
|
384,560
|
|
|
98,528
|
|
|
90,886
|
|
|
(7,642
|
)
|
|
19.9
|
%
|
Unlevered
|
|
|
68,545
|
|
|
9,196
|
|
|
9,290
|
|
|
94
|
|
|
28.1
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,760,742
|
|
$
|
495,122
|
|
$
|
490,667
|
|
$
|
(4,455
|
)
|
|
20.1
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2007
|
|
Financing Source
|
|
Face
Amount
|
|
Amortized
Cost
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
Unrealized
Gain (Loss)
|
|
|
Weighted
Average Yield
Based on
Amortized Cost
|
|
CDO
|
|
$
|
1,309,051
|
|
$
|
788,047
|
|
$
|
562,056
|
|
$
|
(225,991
|
)
|
|
8.6
|
%
|
Repurchase agreement
|
|
|
384,560
|
|
|
196,189
|
|
|
143,022
|
|
|
(53,167
|
)
|
|
8.2
|
%
|
Unlevered
|
|
|
68,546
|
|
|
13,651
|
|
|
12,362
|
|
|
(1,289
|
)
|
|
20.5
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,762,157
|
|
$
|
997,887
|
|
$
|
717,440
|
|
$
|
(280,447
|
)
|
|
8.7
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
During the six months ended June 30, 2008, we made no new CMBS investments. During the six
months ended June 30, 2007, the Company invested a total of $182.9 million, prior to closing credits, in four newly issued conduit transactions. The CMBS bonds are rated BBB- and below with loss-adjusted yields as of the acquisition date
ranging from 6.0% to 10.1%.
25
6. REAL ESTATE LOANS
At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Companys real estate loans consisted of the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of June 30, 2008
|
Description
|
|
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
|
|
Amortized
Cost
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
Unrealized
Gain/
(Loss)
|
|
|
Weighted Average
Effective Interest
Rate Based on
Amortized Cost
|
|
|
Range of Maturity Dates
|
Real estate loans, held for investment
(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First mortgage loan participations
|
|
$
|
47,077
|
|
$
|
47,077
|
|
$
|
45,330
|
|
$
|
(1,747
|
)
|
|
4.6
|
%
|
|
February 2009
|
Mezzanine loans
|
|
|
227,923
|
|
|
227,657
|
|
|
208,329
|
|
|
(19,328
|
)
|
|
5.4
|
%
|
|
August 2009- July 2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
275,000
|
|
$
|
274,734
|
|
$
|
253,659
|
|
$
|
(21,075
|
)
|
|
5.3
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate loans, held for sale
(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Whole mortgage loans
|
|
$
|
65,000
|
|
$
|
65,852
|
|
$
|
54,216
|
|
$
|
(11,636
|
)
|
|
5.8
|
%
|
|
December 2016
|
First mortgage loan participations
|
|
|
48,578
|
|
|
48,386
|
|
|
44,642
|
|
|
(3,744
|
)
|
|
5.7
|
%
|
|
February 2009 - June 2011
|
Mezzanine loans
|
|
|
73,999
|
|
|
70,416
|
|
|
43,055
|
|
|
(27,361
|
)
|
|
8.5
|
%
|
|
September 2009 -December 2016
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
187,577
|
|
$
|
184,654
|
|
$
|
141,913
|
|
$
|
(42,741
|
)
|
|
6.8
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
Carrying value based on fair value in accordance with SFAS No. 157.
|
|
(2)
Carrying value based on lower of cost or fair value in accordance with SFAS No. 65 and SFAS No. 157.
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2007
|
Description
|
|
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
|
|
Amortized
Cost
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
Unrealized
Gain/
(Loss)
|
|
|
Weighted Average
Effective Interest
Rate Based on
Amortized Cost
|
|
|
Range of Maturity Dates
|
Real estate loans, held for investment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First mortgage loan participations
|
|
$
|
47,077
|
|
$
|
47,077
|
|
$
|
47,077
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
7.3
|
%
|
|
February 2009
|
Mezzanine loans
|
|
|
227,923
|
|
|
227,657
|
|
|
227,657
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.0
|
%
|
|
August 2008 - June 2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
275,000
|
|
$
|
274,734
|
|
$
|
274,734
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
7.9
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate loans, held for sale
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Whole mortgage loans
|
|
|
110,000
|
|
|
111,291
|
|
|
107,507
|
|
|
(3,784
|
)
|
|
5.8
|
%
|
|
December 2016 - January 2017
|
First mortgage loan participations
|
|
|
48,860
|
|
|
48,667
|
|
|
48,467
|
|
|
(200
|
)
|
|
7.9
|
%
|
|
February 2009 - June 2011
|
Mezzanine loans
|
|
|
79,089
|
|
|
75,507
|
|
|
65,625
|
|
|
(9,882
|
)
|
|
8.5
|
%
|
|
March 2008 -December 2016
(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
237,949
|
|
$
|
235,465
|
|
$
|
221,599
|
|
$
|
(13,866
|
)
|
|
7.1
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
As of December 31, 2007, the Company had a mezzanine loan
with an unpaid principal balance of $7.2 million which was paid down to $3.2 million as of March 31, 2008 and repaid in full during April 2008.
|
As of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, real estate loans were directly or indirectly secured by properties of the types and at the locations identified below:
26
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Location
(1)
|
|
June 30,
2008
|
|
|
December 31,
2007
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
2008
|
|
|
December 31,
2007
|
|
Real estate loans, held for investment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate loans, held for investment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
New York
|
|
17.9
|
%
|
|
17.9
|
%
|
|
Hospitality
|
|
60.4
|
%
|
|
60.4
|
%
|
Hawaii
|
|
15.0
|
%
|
|
15.0
|
%
|
|
Office
|
|
22.4
|
%
|
|
22.4
|
%
|
California
|
|
12.4
|
%
|
|
12.4
|
%
|
|
Multi-use
|
|
11.7
|
%
|
|
11.7
|
%
|
Texas
|
|
7.6
|
%
|
|
7.6
|
%
|
|
Retail
|
|
5.5
|
%
|
|
5.5
|
%
|
Florida
|
|
6.5
|
%
|
|
6.5
|
%
|
|
Multifamily
|
|
0.0
|
%
|
|
0.0
|
%
|
Puerto Rico
|
|
6.4
|
%
|
|
6.4
|
%
|
|
Healthcare
|
|
0.0
|
%
|
|
0.0
|
%
|
Georgia
|
|
5.4
|
%
|
|
5.4
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
(3)
|
|
28.8
|
%
|
|
28.8
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate loans, held for sale
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate loans, held for sale
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
New York
|
|
55.7
|
%
|
|
54.7
|
%
|
|
Office
|
|
34.5
|
%
|
|
27.2
|
%
|
Florida
|
|
25.6
|
%
|
|
26.8
|
%
|
|
Retail
|
|
10.6
|
%
|
|
27.2
|
%
|
Other
(3)
|
|
18.7
|
%
|
|
18.5
|
%
|
|
Multifamily
(2)
|
|
32.9
|
%
|
|
28.1
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Healthcare
|
|
15.2
|
%
|
|
12.1
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hospitality
|
|
6.8
|
%
|
|
5.4
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
Percentages are based on the unpaid principal balance of the
underlying loans.
|
(2)
|
Includes a real estate mezzanine loan collateralized by
garden-style apartments that have been converted to for-sale condominiums with an outstanding loan balance of $0 and $7.2 million at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. This loan was repaid in full in April 2008.
|
(3)
|
No other individual state comprises more than 5.0% of the total
as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007.
|
As of June 30, 2008, the Companys real estate loans were
financed through CDOs and repurchase agreements as follows. For the real estate loans financed via repurchase agreements, total borrowings outstanding at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 were $101.0 million and $165.8 million,
respectively.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of June 30, 2008
|
|
Financing Source
|
|
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
|
|
Amortized
Cost
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
Unrealized
Loss
|
|
|
Weighted
Average Interest
Rate Based on
Amortized Cost
|
|
Real estate loans held for sale
(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repurchase agreement
|
|
$
|
187,577
|
|
$
|
184,653
|
|
$
|
141,913
|
|
$
|
(42,741
|
)
|
|
6.8
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
187,577
|
|
$
|
184,653
|
|
$
|
141,913
|
|
$
|
(42,741
|
)
|
|
6.8
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate loans held for investment
(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CDO
|
|
$
|
275,000
|
|
$
|
274,735
|
|
$
|
253,659
|
|
$
|
(21,075
|
)
|
|
5.3
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
275,000
|
|
$
|
274,735
|
|
$
|
253,659
|
|
$
|
(21,075
|
)
|
|
5.3
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
Carrying value based on lower of cost or fair value in accordance with SFAS No. 65 and SFAS No. 157.
|
|
|
(2)
Carrying value based on fair value in accordance with SFAS No. 157.
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2007
|
|
Financing Source
|
|
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
|
|
Amortized
Cost
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
Unrealized
Loss
|
|
|
Weighted
Average Interest
Rate Based on
Amortized Cost
|
|
Real estate loans held for sale
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repurchase agreement
|
|
$
|
230,758
|
|
$
|
228,274
|
|
$
|
214,408
|
|
$
|
(13,866
|
)
|
|
6.6
|
%
|
Unlevered
|
|
|
7,191
|
|
|
7,191
|
|
|
7,191
|
|
|
|
|
|
23.2
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
237,949
|
|
$
|
235,465
|
|
$
|
221,599
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
7.1
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate loans held for long-term investment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CDO
|
|
$
|
275,000
|
|
$
|
274,734
|
|
$
|
274,734
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
7.9
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
275,000
|
|
$
|
274,734
|
|
$
|
274,734
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
7.9
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
27
The Company classified six real estate loans not financed by CDOs which were previously classified as
held to maturity as held for sale effective December 31, 2007. There are five loans held for sale as of June 30, 2008. Loans are classified as held for sale in order to provide a potential source of additional liquidity to the Company for
general corporate purposes including debt repayment and acquisitions, among other items. As a result, these loans have been marked to the lower of cost or fair value, on an individual loan basis, resulting in an aggregated unrealized loss of $42.7
million, of which $0.5 million and $28.9 million, respectively, occurred during the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 and is reflected in the consolidated statement of operations for such period. Although the real estate loans held for
sale were in an unrealized loss position at June 30, 2008, these loans were not considered impaired as all required payments are still expected to be received based on the loans contractual terms. These loans had a face amount of $187.6 million
with an unamortized cost basis of $184.7 million, an estimated fair value of $141.9 million, and outstanding borrowings against such loans of $101.0 million as of June 30, 2008.
During the six months ended June 30, 2008, we made no investments in real estate loans. During the six months ended June 30, 2007, the Company
invested $167.8 million, net of $2.2 million in discounts, in three fixed rate real estate loans. The loans bear interest ranging from 5.8% to 6.4% and have maturity dates between 2016 and 2017. In addition, the Company invested $245.2 million, net
of $0.6 million in discounts, in seven floating rate real estate loans. The loans bear interest based on LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 1.8% to 3.5% and have maturity dates between 2009 and 2011.
During the six months ended June 30, 2008, the Company received repayments of $7.5 million related to outstanding principal balances on certain real
estate loans. In addition, the Company sold a whole mortgage loan classified as held for sale with a face amount of $45.0 million and an amortized cost basis of $45.4 million for $36.6 million. The Company repaid $26.4 million in related borrowings
under its repurchase agreement and generated $8.8 million in net cash proceeds after paying related transaction costs. The Company recorded a $9.2 million loss in connection with the sale of this loan.
Subsequent to June 30, 2008, the Company sold another whole mortgage loan classified as held for sale at June 30, 2008. See Note 16 for further
discussion of this transaction.
During the six months ended June 30, 2007, the Company received repayments of $150.1 million related
to outstanding principal balances on certain real estate loans.
7. REAL ESTATE ASSETS
On December 22, 2006, the Company acquired a portfolio of six net leased real estate assets for an aggregate purchase price of $38.8 million through
a sale-leaseback transaction and on June 29, 2007, the Company acquired an additional six net leased real estate assets for an aggregate purchase price of $38.7 million, increasing its total cost basis to $77.5 million. On October 30, 2007
the Company sold a 50% interest in the entity that owns all twelve net leased real estate assets (the Joint Venture) for $39.2 million. The sale resulted in no gain or loss to the Company. Subsequent to the sale of the 50% interest in
the Joint Venture, the Company has accounted for its remaining interest in the Joint Venture using the equity method of accounting. At December 31, 2007, the Companys 50% share of the entity that owns the real estate assets including
equity in earnings and distributions was $39.6 million and is included in investments in unconsolidated joint ventures on the Companys consolidated balance sheets. In April 2008, the Company sold its remaining 50% interest in the Joint Venture
for $39.4 million, which approximates cost basis and as of June 30, 2008 no longer has any investment in net leased real estate assets.
8.
INVESTMENT IN U.S DEBT FUND
In December 2007, the Company and JER Real Estate Partners IV, L.P. and JER Real Estate Qualified Partners
IV, L.P. (together, JER Fund IV), investment funds managed by J.E. Robert Company, Inc. (the J.E. Robert Company), the parent of the Companys manager, JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC, entered into a Limited Partnership
Agreement pursuant to which the Company and JER Fund IV agreed to co-manage a new private equity fund, to be known as JER US Debt Co-Investment Vehicle, L.P. (the US Debt Fund). The California Public Employees Retirement System
(CalPERS) committed $200.0 million and the Company and JER Fund IV each committed $10.0 million to the US Debt Fund.
The US
Debt Fund will invest in loans secured, directly or indirectly, by commercial real estate, including, B-Notes, mezzanine loans and whole mortgage loans, and also in preferred equity, CMBS and CMBS-related products, such as CMBX and credit default
swaps (the Targeted Investments). Excluded investments from the US Debt Fund include non-performing loans, fee-simple ownership interests, single family residential mortgages and related securities (sub-prime, conforming, jumbo or
Alt-A), whole loans originated directly by the Company and JER Fund IV, and net lease real estate assets.
Targeted Investments that meet
the investment guidelines of the US Debt Fund were allocated directly and exclusively by J.E. Robert Company to the US Debt Fund until April 11, 2008. Thereafter, if the US Debt Fund is not fully invested or committed and through the earlier of
December 11, 2008 or until 90% of the US Debt Funds committed capital has been invested or otherwise committed, the Company and/or JER Fund IV will be permitted to share Targeted Investments on a 50%-50% pari-passu basis with the US Debt
Fund.
28
The US Debt Fund will pay to the Company and JER Fund IV a base management fee equal to 1.5% on drawn
capital and up to 20% of the aggregate profits earned and distributed by the US Debt Fund (after limited partners receive distributions equal to their initial investment and a specified preferred rate of return thereon). The Company and JER Fund IV
will divide the management and incentive fees on a 50%-50% basis. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, the Company recognized $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, of management fees from the US Debt Fund.
The Companys interest in the US Debt Fund is accounted for using the equity method of accounting and the assets and liabilities are not
consolidated into the Companys financial statements due to the Companys determination that the Fund is not a VIE under FIN46(R). As of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company had invested $3.4 million and $1.2 million,
respectively, into the US Debt Fund which is reflected in investments in unconsolidated joint ventures on the Companys consolidated balance sheets. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, the Company recorded $(34) and $(0.1)
million of equity in earnings (losses) from the US Debt Fund.
9. NOTES PAYABLE, REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS AND JUNIOR SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES
Notes Payable
On
October 17, 2006, the Company issued its second CDO through two wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company, JER CRE CDO 2006-2, Limited and JER CRE CDO 2006-2, LLC (collectively CDO II). CDO II is secured by $1.2 billion par value of
collateral interests consisting of CMBS, mezzanine loan interests, first mortgage loan interests, Re-REMIC securities, and real estate CDO securities. CDO II issued privately placed notes totaling $768.4 million rated AAA through BBB- (CDO II
Investment Grade Notes). The Company purchased a portion of the CDO II Investment Grade Notes and retained all of the non-investment grade notes and preferred shares. $708.3 million of Investment Grade Notes were issued to third parties
consisting of $47.0 million of fixed rate notes with a weighted average interest rate of 5.8% and $661.3 million of floating rate notes with a weighted average interest rate of LIBOR plus 62 basis points, excluding amortization of fees and expenses,
over applicable LIBOR rates. The CDO II Investment Grade Notes have a remaining expected average maturity of 8.2 years as of June 30, 2008. CDO II has as a replenishment collateral pool of up to $275.0 million that will allow replenishment of
proceeds of real estate loans that are paid off within five years from the closing of the transaction, subject to the replenishment collateral meeting certain criteria outlined in the CDO II indenture. The Company incurred $10.5 million of debt
issuance costs in connection with the issuance of CDO II which were written off effective January 1, 2008 as part of the Companys adoption of SFAS No. 159. During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company contributed CMBS of
$61.2 million and mortgage loan interests of $90.3 million as collateral to CDO II and received $69.4 million of mezzanine loan repayments on CDO II collateral. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, the Company did not contribute
any collateral interest to CDO II and received no mezzanine loan repayments on CDO II collateral. As of June 30, 2008, the available replenishment pool balance was $1.0 million, which is reflected in restricted cash on our consolidated balance
sheets.
In November 2005, the Company issued its first CDO through two wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company, JER CRE CDO 2005-1,
Limited and JER CRE CDO 2005-1, LLC (collectively CDO I). CDO I is secured by a static pool of $418.7 million par value of fixed rate subordinate CMBS. CDO I issued privately placed notes totaling $275.6 million rated AAA through BBB-
(CDO I Investment Grade Notes). The Company retained a portion of the BBB- rated notes, all of the non-investment grade notes and all of the preferred shares. Two of the CDO I Investment Grade Notes, totaling $119.2 million, were issued
with floating rate coupons with a weighted average interest rate of LIBOR plus 39 basis points, excluding amortization of fees and expenses. The remaining CDO I Investment Grade Notes totaling $147.0 million, net of the portion retained by the
Company, were issued with fixed rate coupons with a weighted average interest rate of 6.0%, excluding amortization of fees and expenses. The Investment Grade Notes have a remaining expected average maturity of 7.1 years as of June 30, 2008. The
Company incurred $4.3 million of debt issuance costs which were written off effective January 1, 2008 as part of the Companys adoption of SFAS No. 159.
The terms of both CDOs issued by the Company include coverage tests, including over-collateralization and interest coverage tests, used primarily to determine whether and to what extent principal and interest proceeds
on the underlying collateral debt securities and other assets may be used to pay principal of and interest on the investment and non-investment grade notes in the applicable CDOs. In the event the coverage tests are not satisfied, interest and
principal that would otherwise be payable on more junior notes may be re-directed to pay principal on the most senior notes. Therefore, failure to satisfy the coverage tests could adversely affect cash flows received by the Company from its
investment grade and non-investment grade notes of the CDOs and thereby the Companys liquidity and operating results.
Through
August 4, 2008, several ratings agencies have downgraded twenty-four individual CMBS bond classes across six CMBS deals that represent collateral for the CDO I and CDO II notes payable. Of these bonds, $98.0 million and $30.8 million of face
amount was financed by CDO I and CDO II, respectively. Another three bonds held as collateral for CDO II have incurred realized losses on underlying real estate loan collateral. With respect to CDO I collateral, such downgrades do not affect the
over-collateralization test. With respect to CDO II, for purposes of the over-collateralization test, the majority of the face amount of these bonds, which are considered impaired collateral interests pursuant to the CDO II indenture, is excluded
from the numerator in such over- collateralization test. For CDO II, failure of the over-collateralization test occurs when the test falls below ranges between 100% and 140%, depending on the class of the notes payable. As of June 30, 2008, CDO
II continues to pass all coverage tests and results of the over-collateralization test ranged between 145% and 230%. As of June 30, 2008,
29
CDO II could withstand another $310 million to $441 million of additional increases to the face amount of impaired collateral interests, as defined in the
CDO II indenture, before failing certain of the over-collateralization tests.
In the event the CDOs fail to satisfy the coverage tests,
the Company may be required to post additional or replacement collateral to prevent expedited amortization of the more senior notes payable issued by the CDOs. Upon a failure of the coverage test, all available cash flow below the respective class
of notes payable will be redirected to pay down the most senior class of notes payable, which would reduce the amount of cash distributed to the Company. As of June 30, 2008, none of the triggers were met that would cause expedited amortization
to the investment grade notes payable of the respective CDO. In the event that the level of impaired collateral interests, as defined in the applicable indenture, increases, the collateral administrator may prevent the CDO from failing the
over-collateralization test by replacing certain collateral interests with collateral meeting the requirements set forth in the CDO indenture and acceptable to the ratings agencies, among other options. However, there can be no assurance that
acceptable replacement collateral could be identified and replaced in the applicable CDO trust.
The Company has accounted for the CDO I
and CDO II transactions as financings due to certain permitted activities of CDO trusts that are not consistent with activities of a QSPE permitted under SFAS No. 140, such as having the ability to sell impaired securities and acquire
replenishment securities with the proceeds at the discretion of the collateral administrator. Accordingly, the assets transferred to the respective CDO trusts are reflected in the Companys balance sheets and notes issued to third parties are
reflected as notes payable in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. In adopting FAS 159 the Company has elected to carry its CDO notes payable at fair value in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The total fair value of
CDO I and CDO II at January 1, 2008 and June 30, 2008 were $706.2 million and $431.9 million, respectively. However, the Company currently projects that these liabilities will be settled at their face amount of $974.6 million, based
upon expected proceeds from underlying collateral. The resulting change in fair value is reflected in current period earnings. Unamortized debt issuance costs of $13.0 million for CDO I and CDO II were included as a component of deferred financing
fees on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2007, however with the adoption of SFAS No. 159, the Company wrote off deferred fees of $13.0 million as part of the SFAS No. 159 cumulative transition adjustment on
January 1, 2008.
Repurchase Agreements
In August 2007 and as subsequently amended in September 2007 and March 2008, the Company and a wholly owned subsidiary, respectively, entered into a repurchase agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (the
JPMorgan Facility). This repurchase agreement provides financing up to $250.0 million to be secured by rated and unrated CMBS and various types of real estate loans and is scheduled to terminate on August 22, 2008. This repurchase
agreement is limited recourse (25% of the outstanding balance) to the Company. As of June 30, 2008, $35.3 million was outstanding under the repurchase agreement at a weighted average borrowing rate of 4.0%, and CMBS investments with an
estimated fair value of $57.7 million were pledged as collateral under this repurchase agreement.
In March 2007, the Company and a
wholly-owned subsidiary, respectively, entered into a repurchase agreement with Liquid Funding, an affiliate of Bear Stearns & Co. Inc., now a subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., which was subsequently amended in June 2007, with an
available borrowing capacity of $150.0 million (the Liquid Funding Facility). In connection with the June 2007 amendments, the Company entered into a guaranty agreement with Liquid Funding. In March 2008, The Liquid Funding Facility was
replaced by a new repurchase agreement with Bear Stearns (the Bear Stearns Facility) that provides available borrowing capacity of $25.0 million and matures in September 2008. In connection with this new facility, CMBS with outstanding
borrowings of $22.2 million were transferred to the JPMorgan Facility. At June 30, 2008, $15.0 million was outstanding under the Bear Stearns Facility at a weighted average borrowing rate of 3.8% and CMBS investments with an estimated fair
value of $33.2 million were pledged as collateral.
The Company has reached an agreement in principle on terms with JPMorgan related to the
extension and consolidation of our CMBS repurchase agreement facilities with JPMorgan and Bear Stearns. It is anticipated that the term of the facility will be extended to August 2009 and require a partial pay down of outstanding borrowings due to
lower advance rates and be fully recourse to the Company, among other items. The Company is in the process of completing final legal documentation of this agreement.
In September 2006, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company entered into a repurchase agreement with Goldman Sachs Mortgage Company (Goldman Sachs Facility), which was subsequently amended in September
2007 and March 2008. The repurchase agreement is secured by various types of real estate loans and is scheduled to terminate on October 1, 2009. As part of the March 2008 amendment, the Company will be required to pay a quarterly availability
fee and the facility is fully recourse to the Company. In April 2008, the Company paid the first availability fee and paid down the facility by $11.9 million. During June 2008, the Company paid another availability fee and repaid borrowings of $26.4
million under this repurchase agreement as a result of the sale of one of the loans pledged as collateral. At June 30, 2008, there was $101.0 million outstanding under the repurchase agreement at a weighted average borrowing rate of 4.2% and
real estate loans with a cost basis of $188.6 million and a carrying value of $141.9 million were pledged as collateral under this repurchase agreement.
30
Each of the repurchase agreement facilities is subject to margin calls based upon fair market value
determinations of the underlying collateral. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, such margin calls totaled $18.3 million and $84.0 million, respectively, with $0 and $5.7 million related to the JPMorgan facility, $3.0 million
and $40.1 million related to the Liquid Funding/ Bear Stearns facility and $15.3 million and $38.2 million related to the Goldman Sachs facility. The Goldman Sachs and JPMorgan facilities each have covenants related to (i) minimum tangible net
worth, (ii) maximum leverage and (iii) minimum liquidity.
The Company has considered an interpretation of GAAP relating to the
treatment of transactions where investments acquired by the Company from a particular counterparty are simultaneously or subsequently financed via a repurchase agreement with that same counterparty or an affiliate thereof. The Company has recorded
such transactions as a sale of the investment to us and such related debt provided to the Company as a financing. An alternative interpretation of GAAP, however, concerns whether such investments should be treated as a derivative. Over the past two
years, the Company has made several investments that may be affected by such alternative interpretation. During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company acquired $39.9 million of subordinate CMBS and financed $25.3 million of the purchase
via an existing repurchase agreement with the seller. In the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company acquired a first mortgage loan participation investment from a counterparty for $35.0 million and concurrent with closing, the same
counterparty provided financing of $29.8 million via an existing repurchase agreement. In the three months ended June 30, 2006, the Company acquired four mezzanine loans from a counterparty and subsequently financed these same four mezzanine
loans through an existing repurchase agreement with the seller. The repurchase agreement provided by the counterparty was fully repaid in October 2006 in connection with CDO II. As of June 30, 2008, $27.3 million of borrowings were
outstanding with these counterparties related to an original cost basis of the two related investments of $59.4 million, each of which are carried on the consolidated balance sheet at the estimated fair value of approximately $35.6 million. As
a result, the alternative accounting treatment would reduce total assets and liabilities by $27.3 million as of June 30, 2008 and reported net income for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 would be reduced by $2.4 million.
Future adoption of FSP 140-3 may require the Company to adjust the accounting for the assets in which the Company has invested.
Junior Subordinated Debentures
In April 2007, the Company issued $60.0 million of trust preferred securities through
its unconsolidated subsidiary, JERIT TS Statutory Trust I (the Trust), in a private transaction exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Concurrently, the Company issued $61.9 million in junior
subordinated debentures to the Trust and made a $1.9 million common equity investment in the Trust. The trust preferred securities have a 30-year term ending April 2037, are redeemable at par on or after April 30, 2012 and pay
distributions at a fixed rate of 7.2%, excluding amortization of fees and expenses, for the first five years ending April 2012, and, thereafter, at a floating rate of three month LIBOR plus 225 basis points, excluding amortization of fees and
expenses. The assets of the Trust consist solely of the $61.9 million of junior subordinated notes concurrently issued by us, with terms that mirror the trust preferred securities. The Company incurred $1.0 million of debt issuance costs, which were
deferred and are amortized on an effective yield basis over the life of the junior subordinated debentures. Unamortized debt issuance costs of $1.0 million are included as a component of deferred financing fees on the consolidated balance sheet at
June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
The Companys interest in the Trust is accounted for using the equity
method and the assets and liabilities are not consolidated into the Companys financial statements due to the Companys determination that the Trust is a variable interest entity under FIN46(R) and that we are not the primary beneficiary
of the entity. Interest on the junior subordinated debentures, net of interest income on the Companys common equity interest in the Trust, is included in interest expense on our consolidated income statements and the junior subordinated
debentures are presented as a liability on our consolidated balance sheet.
If the Company defaults in the payment of interest or principal
on any debt, breach any representation or warranty in connection with any borrowing or violate any covenant in any loan document, lenders may accelerate the maturity of such debt, requiring the Company to immediately repay all outstanding principal.
If the Company is unable to make such payments, our lender could force us to sell our securities or foreclose on our assets pledged as collateral to such lender. The lender could also force the Company into bankruptcy or bring other legal action
against the Company. Any of these events would likely have a material adverse effect on the value of an investment in the Companys common stock. At June 30, 2008, the Company was in compliance with all covenants and requirements under its
repurchase agreements, collateralized debt obligations, and junior subordinated debentures.
10. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company presents its financial instruments at estimated fair value in the accompanying consolidated financial statements in accordance with SFAS
No. 107, Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments, by applying the fair value principles of SFAS No. 157.
The Company has estimated that the fair value of its junior subordinated debentures with an aggregate principal balance of $61.9 million approximates $28.6 million at June 30, 2008. The fair value estimates for the junior subordinated
debentures represent managements best estimates of these values, based on managements judgment as well as consideration of input from other market sources but do not necessarily reflect the prices that would be realized in an actual
transaction involving such debentures.
31
11. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The following table presents our pay-fixed interest rate swaps as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trade Date
|
|
Effective Date
|
|
Initial Notional
Balance
|
|
Notional Balance
at June 30, 2008
|
|
Ending Notional
Balance
|
|
Fair Value at
June 30, 2008
(4)
|
|
|
Fair Value at
December 31,
2007
|
|
|
Termination Date
|
|
Pay-Fixed
Interest
Rate
|
|
October 2005
|
|
November 2005
(1)
|
|
$
|
109,977
|
|
$
|
109,977
|
|
$
|
5,697
|
|
$
|
(4,036
|
)
|
|
$
|
(4,107
|
)
|
|
June 2015
|
|
4.9
|
%
|
September 2006
|
|
October 2006
(2)
|
|
|
386,324
|
|
|
340,047
|
|
|
219,929
|
|
|
(13,120
|
)
|
|
|
(12,860
|
)
|
|
August 2016
|
|
5.1
|
%
|
September 2006
|
|
October 2009
(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
80,071
|
|
|
(15
|
)
|
|
|
(1,056
|
)
|
|
August 2016
|
|
5.2
|
%
|
February 2007
|
|
October 2007
(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
46,277
|
|
|
85,024
|
|
|
(2,330
|
)
|
|
|
(3,719
|
)
|
|
October 2014
|
|
5.1
|
%
|
January 2007
|
|
November 2007
(3)
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
(5,715
|
)
|
|
|
(6,185
|
)
|
|
December 2016
|
|
5.3
|
%
|
February 2007
|
|
November 2007
(5)
|
|
|
45,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,079
|
)
|
|
June 2008
|
|
5.0
|
%
|
February 2007
|
|
November 2007
(3)
|
|
|
26,000
|
|
|
26,000
|
|
|
26,000
|
|
|
(1,160
|
)
|
|
|
(1,244
|
)
|
|
February 2017
|
|
5.1
|
%
|
March 2007
|
|
November 2007
(3)
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
(861
|
)
|
|
|
(1,631
|
)
|
|
January 2017
|
|
5.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
707,301
|
|
$
|
662,301
|
|
$
|
556,721
|
|
$
|
(27,237
|
)
|
|
$
|
(32,881
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
Swap related to the Companys CDO I financing and is reflected at fair value with the change in value subsequent to
December 31, 2007 recorded in other gains (losses) on the consolidated statement of operations due to our election to account for this swap using the FVO effective January 1, 2008.
|
(2)
|
Swaps related to our CDO II financing and is reflected at fair value with the change in value subsequent to
December 31, 2007 recorded in other gains (losses) on the consolidated statement of operations due to our election to account for these swaps using the FVO effective January 1, 2008.
|
(3)
|
Swaps related to our current and future anticipated financings were intended to hedge future long-term floating rate
debt and is not considered probable as of June 30, 2008 and as a result, the fair value as of June 30, 2008 of $(7.7) million has been recorded in other gains (losses) in the consolidated statement of operations for the six months ended
June 30, 2008.
|
(4)
|
The settlement amount of the Companys interest rate swap liabilities was $(30.7) million as of June 30, 2008.
This liability is partially offset by a $3.5 million credit valuation adjustment for the three months ended June 30, 2008 driven by the SFAS No. 157 requirement to incorporate a valuation adjustment for the difference between our and our
counter partys credit rating to arrive at fair value.
|
(5)
|
In connection with the sale of the real estate loan in June 2008 and repayment of the related floating rate financing,
the Company terminated a swap with an initial notional balance of $45.0 million and paid swap termination costs of $1.4 million.
|
As of December 31, 2007, $(32.5) million is reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated balance sheets representing the fair value of the effective portions of the Companys outstanding cash flow
hedges. In connection with the adoption of SFAS No. 159 on January 1, 2008, the Company discontinued hedge accounting for its swaps related to its CDO I and II financings, representing $496.3 million of notional balance as of June 30,
2008. The $(21.7) million of fair value related to these swaps reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income as of December 31, 2007 will be amortized into the consolidated statement of operations over the remaining life of the interest
rate swaps and the associated debt. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, amortization of $0.6 million and $1.1 million, respectively, was recognized as an expense in other gains (losses). As of June 30, 2008, $(20.6)
million remains in accumulated other comprehensive income related to the CDO I and II interest rate swaps. The changes in the fair market value of these interest rate swaps after December 31, 2007 have been reflected in other gains (losses) in the
consolidated statements of operations.
Between January 2007 and March 2007, the Company entered into a total of four forward-starting
interest rate swaps to mitigate the risk of change in the interest-related cash outflows on existing and forecasted issuance of debt. Under these swaps, the Company agreed to pay the counterparties a weighted average fixed interest rate of
5.2% per annum in exchange for floating rate payments on the total notional amount of $211.0 million. During the first quarter of 2008, the Company determined that the four swaps, aggregating $211.0 million in notional balance, intended to
hedge anticipated future and current floating rate financings were no longer effective as such future long-term financings are not considered probable at this time due to continued market disruptions creating uncertainty related to the
Companys ability to obtain future long-term match funded financing as well as the potential for sales of certain real estate loans held for sale which would ideally be financed by such borrowings. During the three months ended June 30,
2008, the Company terminated one of these interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $45.0 million and paid the counterparty $1.4 million. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, the Company recorded unrealized gains (losses) on
non-CDO interest rate swaps of $8.2 million and $(7.4) million, respectively, in the consolidated statement of operations. As of June 30, 2008 the combined fair value of the three remaining interest rate swaps was $(7.7) million.
32
In connection with the pricing of CDO II in September 2006, the Company, through JER CRE CDO 2006-2,
Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary, entered into an amortizing interest rate swap with an initial notional balance of approximately $386.3 million, which declines to approximately $219.9 million. This interest rate swap, which matures in August
2016, is expected to hedge the interest rate risk exposure on amortizing principal amounts of floating-rate Investment Grade Notes issued by the Company upon the closing of CDO II and a portion of the Companys other anticipated or existing
indebtedness. In September 2006 and February 2007, in connection with CDO II and other anticipated or existing indebtedness, the Company also entered into two accreting interest rate swaps. The first swap has an initial notional balance of zero
increasing to approximately $33.8 million in October 2009 and increasing thereafter to approximately $80.1 million. The second swap has an initial notional balance of zero increasing to approximately $46.3 million in October 2007 and increasing
thereafter to approximately $85.0 million. Pursuant to adopting SFAS No. 159, the Company elected the fair value option for the debt being hedged by these swaps and as a result, these swaps no longer qualify for hedge accounting under SFAS
No. 133 and the changes in fair value from December 31, 2007 forward are recorded as a component of unrealized gain (loss) on CDO related financial liabilities in the consolidated statement of operations. At December 31, 2007, the
fair value of these swaps was $(17.6) million. This amount will be amortized into earnings over the remaining life of the swap as the swap no longer qualifies for hedge accounting due to the election of the fair value option for debt associated with
this derivative. Based on the terms of the swaps, the Company has agreed to pay the counterparties a weighted average fixed interest rate of 5.1% per annum in exchange for floating payments tied to USD-LIBOR on the applicable notional amount.
As of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the combined fair value of the three interest rate swaps was $(15.5) million and $(17.6) million, respectively, which is recorded in interest rate swap agreements on the consolidated balance
sheets. Of the existing balance in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to this interest rate swap, the Company estimates that approximately $1.9 million will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as an
increase to loss on interest rate swaps in the next twelve months.
In connection with the pricing of CDO I in October 2005, through JER
CRE CDO 2005-1, Limited, the Company entered into an amortizing interest rate swap with an initial notional balance of approximately $110.0 million. The amortizing interest rate swap hedges the interest rate risk exposure on an amortizing principal
amount of the floating-rate Investment Grade Notes issued by the Company. This swap is designated as a cash flow hedge and is expected to be effective in hedging the risk of changes in interest cash outflows attributable to changes in the applicable
USD-LIBOR swap rate over the term of the hedging relationship. Under the swap, the Company has agreed to pay the counterparty a fixed interest rate of 4.9% per annum in exchange for floating payments on the applicable notional amount. As of
June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the fair value of the amortizing interest rate swap related to CDO I was $(4.0) million and $(4.1) million, respectively, which is recorded in interest rate swap liabilities on the consolidated balance
sheets. Pursuant to adopting SFAS No. 159, the Company elected the fair value option for the debt being hedged by these swaps, and as a result, these swaps no longer qualify for hedge accounting under SFAS No. 133 and the changes in fair
value from December 31, 2007 forward are recorded as a component of unrealized gains (losses), net, on CDO related financial assets and liabilities in the consolidated statement of operations. At December 31, 2007, the fair value of this
swap was $(4.1) million and was classified within accumulated in OCI when these swaps qualified for hedge accounting. This amount will be amortized into earnings over the remaining life of the swap as the swap no longer qualifies for hedge
accounting due to the election of the fair value option for this derivative. Of the existing balance in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to this interest rate swap, the Company estimates that approximately $0.5 million will be
reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as an increase to loss on interest rate swaps in the next twelve months.
In June and August 2006, the Company entered into a total of four forward-starting interest rate swaps to mitigate the risk of changes in the interest-related cash outflows on existing and forecasted issuance of debt. Under these swaps, the
Company agreed to pay the counterparties a weighted average fixed interest rate of 5.4% per annum in exchange for floating payments on the total notional amount of $177.0 million. In connection with the pricing of CDO II in September 2006 and
other anticipated or existing indebtedness, the Company effectively terminated or assigned for value these four outstanding interest rate swaps. The net costs from termination of $6.1 million were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income
(loss) and are being amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as an increase to interest expense over the life of CDO II based on the effective yield method. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, $0.1
million and $0.3 million, respectively, was amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as an increase to interest expense. Of the existing balance in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to this interest rate swap,
the Company estimates that approximately $0.6 million will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as an increase to loss on interest rate swaps in the next twelve months.
In connection with the pricing of CDO I in October 2005, the Company effectively terminated or assigned for value $201.0 million notional amount of
interest rate swaps outstanding. The net proceeds from termination of $0.6 million were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and are being amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a decrease to interest
expense over the life of CDO I based on the effective yield method. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, $13 and $25, respectively, has been amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a reduction to
interest expense. Of the existing balance in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to this interest rate swap, the
33
Company estimates that approximately $0.1 million will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as an decrease to loss on interest
rate swaps in the next twelve months.
The Companys derivative financial instruments contain credit risk to the extent that its bank
counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of the agreement. The Company minimizes such risk by limiting its counterparties to major financial institutions with acceptable credit ratings. All counterparties currently have Standard and
Poors equivalent credit ratings ranging from AA- to AA. Additionally, the potential risk of loss with any one party resulting from this type of credit risk is monitored.
12. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NET INCOME AND TAXABLE INCOME
The differences between
GAAP net income and taxable income are generally attributable to differing treatment, including timing related thereto, of unrealized/realized gains and losses associated with certain assets, the bases, income, impairment, and/or credit loss
recognition related to certain assets, primarily CMBS, accounting for derivative instruments, accounting for lease income on net leased real estate assets, investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and amortization of various costs. The
distinction between GAAP net income and taxable income is important to the Companys stockholders because dividends or distributions, if any, are declared and paid on the basis of annual estimates of taxable income or loss. The Company does not
pay Federal income taxes on income that it distributes on a current basis, provided that it satisfies the requirements for qualification as a REIT pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code. The Company calculates its taxable income or loss as if it were
a regular domestic corporation. This taxable income or loss level determines the amount of dividends, if any, the Company is required to distribute over time in order to reduce or eliminate its tax liability pursuant to REIT requirements.
Income on CMBS investments is computed for GAAP purposes based upon a yield, which assumes credit losses will occur (See Note
3Revenue Recognition for further discussion). The yield to compute the Companys taxable income does not assume there would be credit losses, as a loss can only be deducted for tax purposes when it has occurred. Furthermore, due diligence
expenses incurred related to the acquisition of CMBS and loan investments not originated are required to be expensed as incurred for GAAP purposes but are included as a component of the cost basis of the asset and amortized for tax purposes.
Straight line rental income recognized for GAAP purposes is not recognized for tax purposes as taxable income is generally based on contractual rental income. In addition, due to electing the FVO for the Companys CDO related financial assets
and liabilities, the financial assets and liabilities are carried at fair value for GAAP purposes. Primarily as a result of these differences, the net difference between the GAAP and tax basis of the underlying CMBS investments was approximately
$
561.6 million and $49.4 million at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, with tax basis being greater than GAAP basis. The difference between the tax bases and GAAP bases related to real estate loans, derivatives, due
diligence expenses and lease income was in the aggregate $(0.3) million and $2.3 million at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, with GAAP basis being greater (less) than tax basis.
13. COMMON STOCK
In June 2004, the Company sold
11,500,000 shares of its common stock through transactions that were exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 pursuant to Rule 144A, Regulation S and Regulation D (the 144A Offering). Gross proceeds were
$172.1 million. Net proceeds after deducting the initial purchasers discount and other offering expenses were $160.1 million. In July 2005, the Company completed its initial public offering of 12,000,000 shares of its common stock at a price
of $17.75 per share. In August 2005, the underwriters exercised their option to purchase an additional 1,832,025 shares at the public offering price less the underwriting discount to cover over-allotments. The net proceeds to the Company on the sale
of 12,000,000 shares in the initial public offering and the 1,832,025 shares pursuant to the over-allotment option was $226.4 million after deducting the underwriting discount and offering expenses and was primarily used to pay down indebtedness.
In connection with the 144A Offering, the Company issued 335,000 shares to its Manager pursuant to its Nonqualified Option and Incentive
Award Plan. In addition, as of June 30, 2008, the Company has granted an aggregate of 40,000 shares of restricted stock and an additional 28,052 deferred stock units to its current and former independent directors, granted 137,000 shares of
restricted stock to certain officers and employees of an affiliate of its Manager (although 3,000 of such shares have been forfeited to date) and 60,000 shares of restricted stock to Mark Weiss, its President, as further discussed in Note 15.
At each of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company had issued and outstanding common shares of 25,901,035,
respectively.
14. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The Company entered into a management agreement (the Management Agreement) with the Manager in June 2004 for an initial term of two years. After the initial term, the Management Agreement was renewed for
additional one-year periods in June 2006 and June 2007 and will automatically be renewed each year for an additional one-year period unless the Company or the Manager terminates the Management Agreement. The Manager must be provided adequate notice
of termination, as defined, according to the terms of the Management Agreement. Upon notice, a termination fee equal to four times the sum of the Managers base management
34
fees plus incentive fees for the 12-month period preceding the date of termination would be paid. Any accrued compensation due to the Manager would also be
paid.
In addition, if the Management Agreement is terminated without cause due to fees that the independent directors have determined to
be unfair, the Manager may agree to perform its management services at fees the independent directors determine to be fair, and the Management Agreement would not terminate. The Manager may give notice it wishes to renegotiate the fees, in which
case the Company and the Manager must negotiate in good faith. If a renegotiated fee cannot be agreed upon within a specified period, the agreement will terminate, and the Company must pay the termination fees described above.
The Company may also terminate the Management Agreement with 60 days prior notice for cause, which is defined as (i) the Managers fraud
or gross negligence, (ii) the Managers willful noncompliance with the Management Agreement, (iii) the commencement of any proceeding relating to the Managers bankruptcy or insolvency or a material breach of any provision of the
Management Agreement, uncured for a period of 60 days or (iv) a change in control of the Manager. The Manager may at any time assign certain duties under the Management Agreement to any affiliate of the Manager provided that the Manager shall
remain liable to the Company for the affiliates performance.
Pursuant to the Management Agreement and subject to the supervision and
direction of the Companys Board of Directors, the Manager performs services for the Company including the purchase, financing, sale and management of real estate and other real estate-related assets, the day-to-day management of the Company
and the performance of certain administrative duties. For performing these services, the Company pays the Manager a monthly base management fee in arrears equal to 1/12 of the sum of (i) 2.0% of the first $400 million of the Companys
equity, (ii) 1.5% of equity in excess of $400 million and up to $800 million and (iii) 1.25% of equity in excess of $800 million. For purposes of calculating the base management fee, the Companys equity equals the month-end value,
computed in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, of the Companys stockholders equity, adjusted to exclude the effect of any unrealized gains, losses or other items that do not affect realized net income.
In addition, the Manager is entitled to receive a quarterly incentive fee in an amount, not less than zero, equal to the product of (i) 25% of
the dollar amount by which (a) funds from operations (as defined in the Management Agreement) of the Company for such quarter per share of Common Stock (based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding for such quarter) exceeds
(b) an amount equal to (A) the weighted average of the price per share of Common Stock in the 144A Offering, and the prices per share of Common Stock in any subsequent offerings by the Company multiplied by (B) the greater of
(1) 2.25% and (2)0.875% plus one fourth of the ten-year U.S. treasury rate for such quarter, multiplied by (ii) the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during such quarter. Funds From Operations,
(FFO), as defined in the Management Agreement, is net income (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (or losses) from debt restructuring, gains (or losses) from sales of property and unrealized depreciation and/or
appreciation, effective January 1, 2008, plus depreciation and amortization on real estate assets, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. The following table summarizes management fees incurred by the Company
for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months
Ended June 30,
|
|
For the Six Months
Ended June 30,
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
Base management fees
|
|
$
|
1,874
|
|
$
|
1,850
|
|
$
|
3,701
|
|
$
|
3,705
|
Incentive fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
235
|
|
|
|
|
|
387
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total management fees
|
|
$
|
1,874
|
|
$
|
2,085
|
|
$
|
3,701
|
|
$
|
4,092
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At both June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, $1.2 million related to unpaid base
management fees are included in due to affiliate in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. In addition, there were no unpaid incentive fees as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007.
The Management Agreement also provides that the Company is required to reimburse the Manager for certain expenses incurred by the Manager on the
Companys behalf, including the Companys pro rata share of overhead expenses of the Manager required for the Companys operations. In November 2006, effective retroactively to January 1, 2006, the independent members of the
Board of Directors approved an amendment to the Management Agreement to provide that 2007 and in each calendar year thereafter, subject to approval by the independent members of the Board of Directors, the allocable overhead reimbursement will be
$0.5 million multiplied by the sum of (a) one plus (b) the percentage increase in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for the applicable year over the CPI for the calendar year 2006. For both the three and six months ended
June 30, 2008 and 2007, overhead reimbursements were approximately $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively. The Manager may also be paid or reimbursed for the costs of providing other services that outside professionals or consultants
otherwise would provide on the Companys behalf. If such services are provided by the Manager, the reimbursement for such services will be no greater than what management believes would be paid to outside professionals, consultants or other
third parties on an arms length basis. In accordance with the provisions of the Management Agreement, the Company recorded no reimbursements for other services provided by the Manager during the three months ended June 30, 2008 and
35
2007, and $21 and $17 during the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, which are included in general and administrative expenses in the
accompanying consolidated statements of operations. At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, $0.2 million and $30, respectively, of expenses to be reimbursed were unpaid and included in due to affiliate in the accompanying consolidated
balance sheets.
The Manager is responsible for all costs, except as otherwise noted, incidental to the performance of its duties under the
Management Agreement, including employment compensation (other than awards made by us under the equity incentive plan) of J.E. Robert Company, an affiliated entity, personnel who perform services for us pursuant to the Management Agreement.
Each CMBS securitization requires that a special servicer be appointed by the purchaser controlling the most subordinated non-investment
grade class of securities. Because the Manager does not have special servicer status, it appoints J.E. Robert Company or another entity that has special servicer status, as the special servicer whenever the Company acquires a controlling interest in
the most subordinated non-investment grade class of a CMBS securitization. J.E. Robert Company earned $1.2 million and $1.1 million in fees as special servicer during the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and $2.5 million
and $2.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. All fees due to J.E. Robert Company as special servicer are paid either by the applicable securitization vehicles or the borrower and not directly by the Company
and such fees are consistent with traditional, well established market standards and are set as part of the arms-length negotiations to acquire such CMBS bonds from the issuer. However, because we generally own the first loss position in these same
CMBS issuances, payment of special servicing fees to J.E. Robert Company may reduce the amounts available to pay us pursuant to the terms of the applicable CMBS trusts.
In connection with CDO II (See Note 9Loans, Notes Payable, Repurchase Agreements and Junior Subordinated Debentures), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company entered into a Collateral Administration Agreement
with J.E. Robert Company (the Collateral Administrator), pursuant to which the Collateral Administrator has agreed to advise the wholly owned subsidiary of the Company on certain matters regarding the collateral interests and other
eligible investments securing the notes. The Collateral Administrator will receive two fees payable on a monthly basis, with the first fee equal to 1/12 of 0.075% of the Monthly Asset Amount, as defined in the CDO II indenture, and the second
fee equal to 1/12 of 0.05% of the Monthly Asset Amount, as defined in the CDO II indenture, each fee payable with different priorities as set forth in the applicable indenture. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007,
$0.4 million and $0.7 million, respectively, of collateral administration fees are reflected in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. At both June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, $25
of unpaid collateral administration fees were unpaid and included in due to affiliate in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. These collateral administration fee schedules within the collateral administration agreement were approved by the
independent members of the Companys Board of Directors.
During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company invested in a
first mortgage loan participation with a cost basis of $30.0 million and two mezzanine loan participations with a cost basis of $49.4 million where an affiliate of the Manager held a controlling equity interest in the borrower. During the year ended
December 31, 2006, we invested in mezzanine loans totaling $65.0 million where an affiliate of the Manager held a controlling equity interest in the borrower. The acquisition of these loans to affiliated borrowers was approved by the
independent members of the Companys Board of Directors as required by our investment guidelines. During the six months ended June 30, 2008, we received repayments on loans to affiliated borrowers aggregating $7.5 million. At June 30,
2008, loans to affiliated entities had an unamortized cost basis of $122.4 million and an unpaid principal balance of $123.1 million and a carrying value of $109.2 million.
The US Debt Fund will invest in loans secured, directly or indirectly, by commercial real estate, including, B-Notes, mezzanine loans and whole mortgage
loans, and also in preferred equity, CMBS and CMBS-related products, such as CMBX and credit default swaps (the Targeted Investments). Excluded investments from the US Debt Fund include non-performing loans, fee-simple ownership
interests, single family residential mortgages and related securities (sub-prime, conforming, jumbo or Alt-A), whole loans originated directly by the Company and JER Fund IV, and net lease real estate assets.
Targeted Investments that meet the investment guidelines of the US Debt Fund were allocated directly and exclusively by J.E. Robert Company to the US
Debt Fund until April 11, 2008. Thereafter, if the US Debt Fund is not fully invested or committed and through the earlier of December 11, 2008 or until 90% of the US Debt Funds committed capital has been invested or otherwise
committed, the Company and/or JER Fund IV will be permitted to share Targeted Investments on a 50%-50% pari-passu basis.
The US Debt Fund
will pay to the Company and JER Fund IV a base management fee equal to 1.5% on drawn capital and up to 20% of the aggregate profits earned and distributed by the US Debt Fund (after limited partners receive distributions equal to their initial
investment and a specified preferred rate of return thereon). The Company and JER Fund IV will divide the management and incentive fees on a 50%-50% basis.
36
15. STOCK OPTION AND INCENTIVE AWARD PLAN
In June 2004, the Company adopted the Nonqualified Stock Option and Incentive Award Plan, (the Plan), which provides for awards under the Plan
in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, other equity-based incentive awards and cash. Officers, directors and employees of the Company and of the Manager and its affiliates as well as the Manager and other third
parties are eligible to receive awards under the Plan. The Plan has a term of ten years and limits the awards to a maximum of 1,150,000 shares of Common Stock, unless the Plan is amended.
In accordance with the Plan, a total of 345,000 shares of Common Stock were issued to the Manager and the independent directors in 2004. As consideration
for the Managers role in raising capital for the Company, the Manager was granted an award of 335,000 shares of stock upon the closing of the 144A Offering. As discussed below under Registration Rights Agreement, one-half of the
shares granted to the Manager are subject to a risk of forfeiture. Additionally, each independent director was granted 2,000 shares of restricted stock upon the date of the first board meeting of the Board of Directors attended by the independent
director. Each independent director receives an additional 2,000 shares of restricted stock annually pursuant to the Plan. One-half of the shares granted to the independent directors vest immediately and the remaining one-half vest one year from the
date of grant, subject to the grantees continued service as a member of the Board of Directors of the Company. As of June 30, 2008, 40,000 shares of restricted stock had been granted to the five current and former independent directors.
In accordance with the Plan, in May 2006, Mark Weiss, our President and an employee of an affiliate of the Manager, was awarded 60,000
restricted shares of common stock and 150,000 stock options on the Companys common stock subject to vesting over five years. 50% of these shares and options vest ratably over five years, subject to continued employment with affiliates of our
Manager. The remaining 50% of these shares and options vest subject to continued employment with affiliates of our Manager and graded vesting commencing in June 2009 based on achievement of certain market or performance conditions. The options
expire ten years from the grant date.
In April 2007, certain officers of the Company and employees of an affiliate of the Manager were
awarded 124,500 restricted shares of common stock subject, in each case, to vesting over three years. 50% of these shares vest ratably over three years, subject to continued employment with affiliates of our Manager. The remaining 50% of these
shares vest subject to continued employment with affiliates of our Manager and graded vesting commencing in March 2008 based on achievement of certain market conditions. As of June 30, 2008, 3,000 of these restricted shares had been forfeited.
In June 2007, 10,000 total shares of restricted stock were awarded to the five current and former independent directors as part of their
regular annual awards program. In July 2007, 12,500 restricted shares were awarded to an employee of an affiliate of the Manager. These shares vest ratable over an approximately three year period beginning in April 2008, subject to continued
employment with an affiliate of the Manager.
In May and June 2008, the Company issued 28,052 deferred stock units to its five current
independent directors as part of their regular annual awards program.
On May 30, 2007, our stockholders approved an amendment to the
Plan (the Amended Plan) and adopted the Nonqualified Stock Option and Incentive Award Plan for Manager Only (the Manager Plan). The Amended Plan applies to directors, officers, employees, advisors, consultants and other
personnel of the Company, our manager and J.E. Robert Company who are natural persons and the Manager Plan applies to our manager or other consultants to the Company that are not natural persons. The aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that
may be issued under the Plan and the Manager Plan (collectively, the Amended Plans) is subject to a combined maximum limit (subject to the exceptions described below), which means that if shares of Common Stock are issued under the
Amended Plan, less shares of Common Stock will be available for issuance under the Manager Plan. Correspondingly, if shares of Common Stock are issued under the Manager Plan, less shares of Common Stock will be available for issuance under the
Amended Plan. The Amended Plans are administered by and all awards granted in accordance with the Amended Plans are subject to the approval of our Board of Directors or, at the Board of Directors sole discretion, by a committee the Board of
Directors may appoint to administer the Plan (the Committee).
The Amended Plans provide for the granting of
(i) nonqualified stock options, (ii) stock appreciation rights, (iii) restricted stock, (iv) performance awards, (v) outperformance awards and (vi) other stock-based and non-stock based awards, as may be determined by
the Committee. The Amended Plans provide that (1) 106,250 shares may be awarded as restricted stock; (2) up to 1,000,000 shares may be issued as outperformance awards; and (3) 0.5% of the number of shares of Common Stock
outstanding as of the effective date of the Amended Plans may be awarded as restricted stock, options or other awards under the Amended Plans. The Amended Plans also provide that the number of shares described in (3) above will increase each
year by the lesser of 500,000 or 0.5% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year.
The Amended Plans also allow for the granting of outperformance awards. Outperformance awards (which are described in more detail below) will be awarded to designated members of the Companys senior management team or other key
employees of J.E. Robert Company. Outperformance awards are designed to deliver value only if the Company successfully creates value for stockholders based on the total
37
return to stockholders in excess of a threshold amount as determined by the Committee and subject to certain conditions. Pursuant to the adoption of the
outperfomance awards, we increased the maximum number of shares of Common Stock reserved and available for issuance at any time under the Plan by 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock for the outperformance awards. Such shares may only be issued as
outperformance awards pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Amended Plans.
In accordance with the Amended Plans, on the first
business day after the annual stockholders meeting of the Company, and on the first business day after each such annual meeting of the Company thereafter during the term of the Amended Plans, each person who is a non-officer director at the
time of such meeting will be granted such amount of shares of restricted stock or restricted stock units as determined by the Committee prior to the applicable annual stockholders meeting. One-half of the shares or share units subject to each
non officer director award will not be subject to a risk of forfeiture on the date of grant, and the other one-half of the shares or share units will be subject to a risk of forfeiture for one year from the date of grant. In addition, the non
officer director will not be able to sell, assign, transfer, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise dispose of any of the shares or share units subject to each non officer director award for one year from the date of grant. With respect to grants of
restricted share units, units will be payable to each non officer director in shares within such time period following separation from service with the Company as a non officer director as determined by the committee prior to the applicable annual
shareholders meeting.
In accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123(R), non-employee directors are deemed employees for purposes of
applying the statement. Accordingly, the awards granted to directors are measured at their grant date fair value. Compensation expense related to the immediately vesting shares is recognized on the grant date and the remaining compensation expense
is recognized on the straight line basis over the one year vesting period.
Based on the definition of an employee in SFAS 123(R), the
awards to the Manager, and employees of affiliates of the Manager are considered non-employee awards. In accordance with EITF 96-18, and as no performance commitment existed at the grant date for any of the awards, compensation expense related
to these non-employee awards is initially measured at fair value at the grant date, remeasured at subsequent dates to the extent the awards are unvested, and amortized into expense over the requisite service period on a straight-line basis for
awards with service conditions only. Awards with a graded vesting schedule that contain performance or market conditions are treated as in-substance separate awards and the fair value, as remeasured at each reporting date to the extent the awards
are unvested, is amortized to expense over the requisite service period on a straight-line basis for each vesting tranche.
Share-based
payment compensation expense of $0.2 million was recognized during the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and is included as part of general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations. As of
June 30, 2008, unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested awards was $0.5 million to vest over the next 2.9 years. The total fair value of restricted shares and stock options vested during the three and six months ended
June 30, 2008 was $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively.
16. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Real Estate Loan Repayments
In
July 2008, the Company sold a fixed rate real estate loan classified as held for sale with a face amount of $65.0 million for proceeds of $54.8 million. Proceeds from the sale of this loan were used to pay down $40.8 million in related repurchase
agreement borrowings and $4.0 million of swap termination costs. The $50.8 million of proceeds, net of swap termination costs, compares to a net carrying value of the loan and swap of $50.8 million on June 30, 2008.
Subsequent to June 30, 2008 and through August 4, 2008, the Company received $0.8 million of aggregate repayments on real estate loans.
Financing
In
connection with the real estate loan sale in July 2008, we paid down $40.8 million of outstanding repurchase agreement borrowings related to this loan.
Subsequent to June 30, 2008 through August 4, 2008, we funded margin calls of $9.5 million related to changes in the estimated market value of collateral, primarily CMBS.
Other
On July 31, 2008,
we paid dividends of $7.8 million, or $0.30 per share of common stock, to shareholders of record on June 30, 2008.
38
ITEM 2.
|
MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
|
The following should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included herein. Amounts are presented in thousands
except for share and per share data and as otherwise noted.
General
JER Investors Trust Inc. is a specialty finance company organized by J.E. Robert Company primarily to originate and acquire real estate debt securities and loans and fee interests in net leased real estate assets. We
were formed in April 2004 and we completed our initial public offering in July 2005. We are externally managed and advised by JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC (our manager), an affiliate of J.E. Robert Company. J.E. Robert Company and
its affiliates are a fully integrated real estate investment management firm. We capitalize on the knowledge and substantial resources of J.E. Robert Company and its affiliates to take advantage of the growing volume and complexity of commercial
real estate structured finance products. We invest primarily in loans and debt securities that we believe will yield high risk-adjusted returns. Our target investments include commercial real estate structured finance products such as commercial
mortgage backed securities (commonly known as CMBS), mezzanine loans and B-Note participations in mortgage loans, as well as whole commercial mortgage loans, loans to real estate companies, preferred equity, and net leased real estate. Although we
have not to date, we may also invest in single-family residential mortgages and related securities. We pursue a selective investment strategy, targeting specific transactions based on an analysis of debt structure and taking into account the
underlying real estate and borrower credit risk. We are organized and conduct our operations in a manner intended to qualify as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for federal income tax purposes.
J.E. Robert Company was founded in 1981 to provide expertise to public and private financial institutions in resolving real estate loan workout
situations. Since its founding, the firm has been active in all facets of the commercial real estate debt markets, including sourcing, due diligence, valuation, acquisition, asset management and disposition. J.E. Robert Company primarily conducts
its real estate investment management activities on a global basis through a series of private equity funds, which we refer to as the JER Funds.
We are organized and conduct our operations to qualify as a REIT for Federal income tax purposes. As a REIT, among other restrictions and limitations, we will generally not be subject to Federal income tax on that portion of our income that
is distributed to stockholders if we distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders by the due date of our federal income tax return and comply with various other requirements.
Trends
During the second half of 2007 and the first
half of 2008, severe credit and liquidity issues in the subprime residential lending and single family housing sectors negatively impacted the asset-backed and corporate fixed income markets, as well as the equity securities of financial
institutions, homebuilders and real estate companies. As the severity of residential sector issues increased, nearly all securities markets experienced decreased liquidity and greater risk premiums as concerns about the outlook for the U.S. and
world economic growth increased. These concerns continue and risk premiums in many capital markets remain at or near all-time highs with liquidity extremely low compared to historical standards or virtually non-existent. As a result, most commercial
real estate finance and financial services industry participants, including us, have reduced new investment activity until the capital markets become more stable, the macroeconomic outlook becomes clearer and market liquidity increases. In this
environment, we are focused on actively managing credit risk and maintaining liquidity.
Credit Market and Spreads:
The value of our
real estate securities and loans are influenced by changes in spreads, which measure the yield demanded by the market on securities and loans relative to a specific benchmark, generally a risk free rate of return for a comparable term. Credit
spreads applicable to our targeted investments will periodically fluctuate based on changes in supply and demand, the availability of financing for such investments and other market factors. We expect demand to vary based on investor perception of
the associated credit risk in current underwriting practices, the adequacy of ratings provided by the rating agencies, the availability and terms of financing for such investments and investor assessment of the current and future real estate market
fundamentals. Demand may be further influenced by investor expectations regarding the ability to finance these assets, currently or in the future. We generally expect that credit spreads will increase during periods of perceived higher credit risk
and decline during periods of perceived lower credit risk, and increase during periods where financing is not readily available and decrease when financing is readily available.
CMBS Issuance and Valuation:
While we expect that supply will vary from quarter to quarter, we expect the securitization market over the long-term
to generally remain a key source of real estate lending capacity and liquidity. We believe the total issuance for CMBS, inclusive of non-investment grade securities, will be significantly less in 2008 than in recent years. In fact, in 2008 through
June 30, 2008, only 8 CMBS transactions totaling $10.7 billion were priced. This compares to total first half 2007 CMBS issuances of approximately $113 billion. This is a direct result of the dramatic slowdown in the pace of lending by CMBS
originators.
39
The slow down in originations has also resulted in a substantial reduction of new opportunities in the
mezzanine, B-note mortgage loan, bridge loan, preferred equity and non-investment CMBS markets. As originations at traditional high leverage lenders decline and there is a reduction in the volume of real estate transactions generally, new investment
opportunities in this sector have been reduced accordingly. We believe market supply will not increase significantly until stability in the real estate lending market returns.
Recently, significant disruptions in the global credit markets have had a substantial effect on market participants. These disruptions have led to, among
other things, a significant decline in the fair value of many mortgage related investment securities, as well as a significant contraction in commercial paper and other short-term and long-term funding sources. As a result, many investment vehicles
indicate difficulty valuing certain of their holdings as a result of market illiquidity.
During this period, we have seen a significant
widening of credit spreads in both the subordinate CMBS market which includes bonds rated BB+ through NR classes, and in the investment grade tranches of BBB- and above. For example, the credit spread over applicable swap rates for typical BBB- CMBS
new-issue bonds was estimated to exceed 1800 basis points as of June 30, 2008 compared to in excess of 900 basis points as of December 31, 2007 and approximately 95 basis points as of December 31, 2006. Additionally, we have seen
widening of credit spreads on real estate loans, including B-Notes, mezzanine loans and whole loans. Given the current volatility in the capital markets, we cannot predict changes in the market value of collateral and potential margin call
requirements, if any, under our repurchase agreement facilities.
Primarily as a result of such spread widening, we have had margin calls
on our repurchase agreement facilities based upon fair market value determinations of the underlying collateral. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, such margin calls totaled $18.3 million and $84.0 million, respectively, and
there have been $9.5 million of margin calls subsequent to June 30, 2008 through August 4, 2008. In June 2008, we paid down an additional $26.4 million on its Goldman Sachs repurchase agreement facility as a result of the sale of an asset
pledged as collateral. We currently have three repurchase agreements outstanding with JPMorgan Chase, Bear Stearns and Goldman Sachs which have stated maturity dates of August 22, 2008, September 12, 2008 and October 1, 2009. We
have recently agreed in principle on terms with JPMorgan related to the extension and consolidation of our CMBS repurchase agreements with JPMorgan and Bear Stearns. It is anticipated that the term of the facility will be extended to August 2009 and
require a paydown of outstanding borrowings due to lower advance rates and be fully recourse to us, among other items. We are in the process of completing final legal documentation of this agreement. With respect to the Goldman Sachs facility, we
are obligated to pay quarterly availability fees to maintain the facility through October 1, 2009.
Competition:
Over the
long-term, we expect to face increased competition for our targeted investments. However, overall, we expect the market for these investments, as well as the continuing trend of tranching and further retranching commercial mortgage loans into new
securities that are packaged and resold, will continue over the long term to provide us with a variety of investment opportunities. In the short to medium term, there are likely to be periods of growth and contraction in the market. However, over
the long-term, we believe borrowers need a full range of financing opportunities to make acquisitions, particularly on larger assets where substantial equity commitments are required.
We believe that the overall subordinated debt market, which includes B-notes, mezzanine debt and preferred equity, has grown because purchasers of
commercial real estate are increasingly using subordinated debt financing to reduce their required equity investment and to attain greater leverage on their equity. However, at the same time, over the long term, we believe that there is and will
continue to be significant competition among providers of subordinated debt financing, which could result in declining interest rate spreads on B-note, mezzanine debt and preferred equity investments. There are also likely to be periods of growth
and contraction in the market and significant changes in credit spreads and overall interest rates on B-notes, mezzanine debt and preferred equity investments. Finally, with an increase in competition for our targeted investments, we believe some
lenders may be willing to accept relatively higher levels of risk with respect to the type of assets that collateralize the loans as well as the terms under which they are willing to lend monies. If we are unwilling to accept the relatively higher
levels of risk associated with these loans, we may not be able to acquire or originate investments associated with such relatively higher risk loans. Alternatively, if we are willing to accept the relatively higher levels of risk associated with
these loans and do acquire or originate investments that are associated with such loans, we may increase our overall risk of impairment and loss associated with such loans.
Rising Interest Rate and Financing Environment:
We believe that interest rates are likely to increase over the long term and there are likely to
be periods of significant fluctuation in interest rates. With respect to our existing and future floating rate investments, we believe such interest rate increases should result in increases in our net interest income. Similarly, we believe such an
increase in interest rates should generally result in an increase in our net interest income on future fixed interest rate investments made by us. Conversely, in periods of rising interest rates, existing investments may be exposed to more credit
risk due to potentially higher capitalization rates resulting in a possible decline in collateral property values potentially decreasing the proceeds from refinancing as well as the impact of higher debt service requirements for floating rate loans.
Further, in periods of rising interest rates, prepayments on mortgage loans generally decrease, in which case we would not have the prepayment proceeds available to invest in assets with higher yields. With respect to our existing fixed rate
investments, we believe our strategy of financing such assets through match-
40
funded collateralized debt obligations (CDOs), combined with utilizing interest rate swaps prior to the execution of a CDO, allows us to mitigate
potential reductions in net interest income. Nevertheless, depending upon market conditions, we may not be able to successfully match fund liabilities associated with our investments. Most recently, we have seen a significant widening of borrowing
spreads and dramatic decreases in available leverage in the commercial real estate market and the related commercial real estate commercial debt obligations (CRE CDOs) market such that the CMBS and CDO markets are effectively closed for
new issuances. The current state of the CMBS and CRE CDO markets could have a negative impact on our leveraged returns and our ability to successfully match fund liabilities associated with our investments.
Issuances of Common Stock
In June 2004, we sold
11,500,000 shares of common stock in a private placement offering for net proceeds of approximately $160.1 million. Additionally, we issued 335,000 shares of common stock to our manager and an aggregate of 6,000 shares of restricted common stock to
our independent directors pursuant to our Nonqualified Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the Plan) at the time of the closing of the private placement. In July 2004, when James Kimsey and Frank Caufield joined our Board of Directors, we
issued each of them 2,000 additional shares of restricted common stock pursuant to the Plan.
In July 2005, the Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC) declared effective our registration statement on Form S-11 (No. 333-122802) (the Registration Statement) relating to (a) our initial public offering (the IPO) of up to 13,832,025 shares
of common stock, including 1,832,025 shares of common stock pursuant to an over-allotment option granted to the underwriters and (b) the offering by selling stockholders of 213,499 shares of common stock through the underwriters. On
July 19, 2005, we issued a total of 12,000,000 shares of common stock in the IPO, at a price to the public of $17.75 per share. We did not receive any proceeds from the sale by the selling stockholders of 213,499 shares of common stock, at a
price to the public of $17.75 per share.
In August 2005, the underwriters exercised their option to purchase an additional 1,832,025
shares of common stock at $17.75 to cover over-allotments. The net proceeds to us on the sale of 12,000,000 shares in the IPO and the 1,832,025 pursuant to the over-allotment option was $226.4 million after deducting the underwriting discount and
offering expenses. The net proceeds of the IPO were primarily used to pay down indebtedness.
During 2007, we granted 137,000 shares of
restricted stock to certain officers and employees of an affiliate of our manager, of which 3,000 shares have been forfeited. In May 2006, we granted Mark Weiss, our president, 60,000 shares of restricted stock and 150,000 stock options on our
common stock. As of June 30, 2008, we had a total of 25,901,035 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. As of June 30, 2008, we had granted an aggregate of 40,000 shares of restricted stock and 28,052 shares of deferred stock units
to our current and former independent directors.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our most critical accounting policies relate to investment consolidation, revenue recognition, securities valuation and impairment, loan loss provisions,
derivative accounting and income taxes. Each of these items involves estimates that require management to make judgments that are subjective in nature. We rely on J.E. Robert Company and its affiliates experience and analysis of historical and
current market data in order to arrive at what we believe to be reasonable estimates. Under different conditions, we could report materially different amounts using these critical accounting policies.
Investment Consolidation.
For each investment we make, we evaluate the underlying entity that issued the securities we acquired or to which we
made a loan in order to determine the appropriate accounting. We refer to guidance in SFAS No. 140,
Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities,
and FIN 46(R),
Consolidation of
Variable Interest Entities,
in performing our analysis. FIN 46(R) addresses the application of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51, Consolidated Financial Statements, to certain entities in which voting rights are not effective
in identifying an investor with a controlling financial interest. An entity is considered a variable interest entity (VIE) and subject to consolidation under FIN 46(R) if the investors either do not have sufficient equity at risk for the
entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, are unable to direct the entitys activities, or are not exposed to the entitys losses or entitled to its residual returns. Variable interest entities
within the scope of FIN 46(R) are required to be consolidated by their primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity is determined to be the party that absorbs a majority of the entitys expected losses, its
expected returns, or both.
Our ownership of the subordinated classes of CMBS from a single issuer gives us the right to control the
foreclosure/workout process on the underlying loans (Controlling Class CMBS). FIN 46(R) has certain scope exceptions, one of which provides that an enterprise that holds a variable interest in a qualifying special-purpose entity
(QSPE) does not consolidate that entity unless that enterprise has the unilateral ability to cause the entity to liquidate. SFAS No. 140 provides the requirements for an entity to be considered a QSPE. To maintain the QSPE
exception, the trust must continue to meet the QSPE criteria both initially and in subsequent periods. A trusts QSPE status can be impacted in future periods by activities of its transferor(s) or other involved parties, including the manner in
which certain servicing activities are performed. To the extent our CMBS investments were issued by a trust
41
that meets the requirements to be considered a QSPE, we record the investments at the purchase price paid. To the extent the underlying trusts are not QSPEs,
we follow the guidance set forth in FIN 46(R) as the trusts would be considered VIEs.
We have analyzed the governing pooling and servicing
agreements for each of our subordinated class CMBS investments and believe the terms are consistent with industry standards and the QSPE criteria. However, there is uncertainty with respect to QSPE treatment due to ongoing review by accounting
standard setters, potential actions by various parties involved with the QSPE, as discussed above, as well as varying and evolving interpretations of the QSPE criteria under SFAS No. 140. Future guidance from the standard setters may require us
to consolidate CMBS trusts in which we have invested. In April 2008, the FASB voted to issue an exposure draft in the near future which may propose significant changes to SFAS No. 140 and in June 2008, the FASB voted to issue an exposure draft
which may alter the definition of primary benificiaries as defined under FIN 46(R). We will closely monitor any developments in this area and assess the impact on any such amendments to our financial statements.
The non-investment grade and unrated tranches of the CMBS owned by us provide credit support to the more senior classes of the related commercial
securitizations. Cash flow from the underlying mortgages is generally allocated first to the senior tranches, with the most senior tranches having a priority right to the cash flow. Any remaining cash flow is allocated, generally, among the other
tranches in order of their relative seniority. To the extent there are defaults and unrecoverable losses on the underlying mortgages resulting in reduced cash flows, the remaining CMBS classes will bear such losses in order of their relative
subordination.
The table below details information about our CMBS investments, including the purchase date, the face amount of the total
CMBS issuance, the original face amount of our CMBS investments, and the amortized cost of our CMBS investments as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Original Face
Amount
of
Investment
|
|
Amortized Cost
(1)
as of
|
CMBS Trust
|
|
Investment
Date
|
|
Total Face Amount
of CMBS Issuance
|
|
|
June 30,
2008
|
|
December 31,
2007
|
MACH One 2004-1
|
|
July 2004
|
|
$
|
643,261
|
|
$
|
50,637
|
|
$
|
11,998
|
|
$
|
19,672
|
CSFB 1998-C1
|
|
August 2004
|
|
|
2,482,942
|
|
|
12,500
|
|
|
9,132
|
|
|
9,565
|
CSFB 2004-C4
|
|
November 2004
|
|
|
1,138,077
|
|
|
52,976
|
|
|
11,733
|
|
|
22,575
|
MLMT 2004-BPC1
|
|
November 2004
|
|
|
1,242,650
|
|
|
76,986
|
|
|
14,976
|
|
|
26,174
|
JPMCC 2004-C3
|
|
December 2004
|
|
|
1,517,410
|
|
|
81,561
|
|
|
20,201
|
|
|
35,800
|
JPMCC 2005-CIBC11
|
|
March 2005
|
|
|
1,800,969
|
|
|
70,035
|
|
|
15,432
|
|
|
33,761
|
BACM 2005
|
|
April 2005
|
|
|
2,322,091
|
|
|
84,663
|
|
|
25,050
|
|
|
41,630
|
LB UBS 2005-C2
|
|
April 2005
|
|
|
1,942,131
|
|
|
7,000
|
|
|
2,432
|
|
|
4,328
|
CSFB 2005-C2
|
|
May 2005
|
|
|
1,614,084
|
|
|
82,261
|
|
|
22,507
|
|
|
37,695
|
LB UBS 2005-C3
|
|
June 2005
|
|
|
2,060,632
|
|
|
39,335
|
|
|
8,544
|
|
|
17,626
|
JPMCC 2005-CIBC12
|
|
July 2005
|
|
|
2,167,039
|
|
|
70,429
|
|
|
14,980
|
|
|
33,793
|
JPMCC 2005-LDP4
|
|
September 2005
|
|
|
2,677,075
|
|
|
90,352
|
|
|
23,692
|
|
|
48,731
|
MSCI 2005-IQ10
|
|
October 2005
|
|
|
1,546,863
|
|
|
55,274
|
|
|
14,267
|
|
|
30,694
|
MLMT 2005 CK11
|
|
December 2005
|
|
|
3,073,749
|
|
|
96,066
|
|
|
28,472
|
|
|
51,689
|
MSC 2006 HQ8
|
|
March 2006
|
|
|
2,731,231
|
|
|
105,707
|
|
|
33,055
|
|
|
62,181
|
JPMCC 2006-CIBC15
|
|
June 2006
|
|
|
2,118,303
|
|
|
71,493
|
|
|
16,951
|
|
|
37,436
|
CGCMT 2006-C4
|
|
June 2006
|
|
|
2,263,536
|
|
|
84,395
|
|
|
23,238
|
|
|
50,759
|
MSCI 2006- HQ9
|
|
August 2006
|
|
|
2,565,238
|
|
|
81,338
|
|
|
20,760
|
|
|
48,577
|
MLMT 2006- C2
|
|
August 2006
|
|
|
1,542,697
|
|
|
60,067
|
|
|
18,341
|
|
|
38,249
|
JPMCC 2006- LDP8
|
|
September 2006
|
|
|
3,066,028
|
|
|
107,158
|
|
|
29,237
|
|
|
64,231
|
CD 2006- CD3
|
|
October 2006
|
|
|
3,571,361
|
|
|
110,713
|
|
|
26,263
|
|
|
62,616
|
MSCI 2007- HQ11
|
|
February 2007
|
|
|
2,417,647
|
|
|
89,530
|
|
|
26,360
|
|
|
58,401
|
GCCFC 2007- GG9
|
|
March 2007
|
|
|
6,575,924
|
|
|
34,167
|
|
|
12,309
|
|
|
31,061
|
JPMCC 2007- LDP10
|
|
March 2007
|
|
|
5,331,517
|
|
|
151,616
|
|
|
42,175
|
|
|
85,343
|
WAMU 2007- SL3
|
|
June 2007
|
|
|
1,284,473
|
|
|
6,500
|
|
|
3,136
|
|
|
5,746
|
JPMCC 2007- LDP12
|
|
August 2007
|
|
|
2,310,556
|
|
|
81,402
|
|
|
19,881
|
|
|
39,554
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
$
|
62,007,484
|
|
$
|
1,854,161
|
|
$
|
495,122
|
|
$
|
997,887
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
42
(1)
|
The decline in amortized cost from December 31, 2007 to June 30, 2008 is due primarily the recognition of
unrealized losses of $504.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2008, which included $280.5 million of unrealized losses at January 1, 2008.
|
Our maximum carrying value exposure to loss as a result of our investment in these securities totaled $495.1 million and $997.9 million as of
June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. However, we have reduced our maximum economic loss exposure through the use of non-recourse and partial recourse financing vehicles for these investments.
The financing structures we offer to our borrowers on certain of our loans involve the creation of entities that could be deemed VIEs and, therefore,
could be subject to FIN 46(R). We have evaluated these entities and have concluded that none of them are VIEs that are subject to consolidation under FIN 46(R).
In April 2007, we created a trust subsidiary for the purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. The trust is considered a VIE under FIN 46(R) and it was determined that the Company is not the primary beneficiary
of the trust. Accordingly, the trust is accounted for using the equity method of accounting. See
Liquidity and Capital Resources- Junior Subordinated Debentures
for additional information.
In October 2007, we sold a 50% interest in the entity that owns all twelve of our net leased real estate assets, forming a joint venture with an
unrelated third party. The joint venture was not considered a VIE under FIN 46(R) and we accounted for our investment in the joint venture under the equity method of accounting. In April 2008, the Company sold its remaining 50% interest in the joint
venture for $39.4 million which approximated cost basis.
In December 2007, we entered into an agreement to invest up to $10.0 million into
a fund, defined as the JER US Debt Co-Investment Vehicle, L.P. (the US Debt Fund), established to buy loans secured, directly or indirectly, by commercial real estate, including B-Notes, mezzanine loans and whole mortgage loans, and also
in preferred equity, CMBS and CMBS-related products such as CMBX and credit default swaps. Excluded investments for the US Debt Fund include non-performing loans, fee-simple ownership interests, single family residential mortgages and related
securities (sub-prime, conforming, jumbo or Alt-A), whole loans originated directly by us or an affiliate of our Manager and net leased real estate assets. The US Debt Fund is not considered a VIE under FIN 46(R). Accordingly, the US Debt Fund is
accounted for using the equity method of accounting. As of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we had invested $3.3 million and $1.2 million, respectively, in the US Debt Fund.
Although the entity that owns the net leased real estate assets and the US Debt Fund are not VIEs under FIN 46(R), we determined that these
entities should not be consolidated under EITF 04-5 given the rights afforded to the other partners in those entities.
We determine if our
real estate loans should be accounted for as loans, real estate investments or equity method joint ventures in accordance with AICPA Practice Bulletin No. 1 on acquisition, development or construction (ADC) arrangements. To date, we
have accounted for all of our arrangements as loans based on the guidance set forth in the Practice Bulletin.
We acquire participating
interests in commercial real estate first mortgage loans and mezzanine loans. When we initially invest in loan participations, they are evaluated under SFAS No. 115,
Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities
, to
determine whether the participation interest meets the definition of a debt security. To the extent a given loan participation meets the definition of a debt security, the participation will be accounted for according to the guidance in SFAS
No. 115. Those loan participations that do not meet the definition of a debt security are accounted for as loans, and are initially recorded at the purchase price, which is generally at or near par value, and are carried on the balance sheet at
amortized cost. To date, the Company has determined that none of the participation interests acquired met the definition of a debt security. See additional information regarding loan accounting and revenue recognition below under
Revenue
Recognition
.
In accordance with SFAS No. 65,
Accounting for Certain Mortgage Banking Activities
, real estate loans that
may sell for general corporate liquidity purposes are classified as loans held for sale. Real estate loans available for sale are carried at the lower of cost or market value, on an individual loan basis, using available market information obtained
through consultation with dealers or other originators of such investments.
Fair Value Election.
We adopted SFAS No. 159 on
January 1, 2008 and elected, the fair value option (FVO) for all financial assets and liabilities related to our CDO I and CDO II financings. We have not elected the FVO for any financial assets or liabilities acquired during the
first quarter of 2008, but may elect the elect the FVO for future acquisitions and financings. The assets and liabilities include:
|
|
|
CMBS investments pledged as collateral for CDOs
|
|
|
|
Real estate loans pledged as collateral for CDOs, which currently represents real estate loans held for investment
|
|
|
|
CDO interest rate swaps
|
43
Upon adoption of SFAS 159 on January 1, 2008, all assets and liabilities for which the FVO was
elected were marked to fair value with the adjustment recorded to beginning cumulative earnings as of the election date. For CMBS assets and interest rate swaps, the amounts accumulated in other comprehensive income as of January 1, 2008 were
reclassified to beginning cumulative earnings. Additionally, as a result of electing the FVO for our CDO notes payable, the related unamortized deferred financing fees were charged against cumulative earnings as of January 1, 2008.
44
Fair Value Measurements -
The use of fair value to measure many of our financial assets and
liabilities, with certain changes in fair value reported in the consolidated statement of operations and/or shareholders equity, is one of our most critical accounting policies. Specifically, we carry our CMBS, real estate loans held for sale and
investment, interest rate swap agreements and notes payable at fair value on either a recurring or non-recurring basis with unrealized fair value changes reported either in earnings or accumulated other comprehensive income / (loss) depending on the
nature of the asset or liability and its related accounting treatment. In determining the appropriate fair value measurement for each of our assets and liabilities, we apply the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157,
Fair Value Measurements,
which we adopted effective January 1, 2008.
SFAS No. 157,
Fair Value Measurements,
defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants.
SFAS No. 157 establishes a fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs into valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy
prioritizes observable data from active markets, placing measurements using those inputs in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy, and gives the lowest priority to unobservable inputs and classifies these as Level 3 measurements. The three levels of
the fair value hierarchy under SFAS No. 157 are described below:
|
|
|
Level 1 - Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at
the measurement date;
|
|
|
|
Level 2 - Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable either directly or indirectly;
|
|
|
|
Level 3 - Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.
|
A financial instruments level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value
measurement.
Fair value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of a market participant who holds the asset or owes the
liability rather than an entity-specific measurement. Therefore, even when market assumptions are not readily available, managements own assumptions are set to reflect those that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability
at the measurement date.
In accordance with SFAS No. 157, it is our policy to maximize the use of observable market based inputs to
value our financial instruments carried at fair value on a recurring basis or to determine whether an adjustment to fair value is needed for assets carried at fair value on a non-recurring basis. All of our financial instruments carried at fair
value, whether on a recurring or non-recurring basis, are valued using internal assumptions and are therefore classified as Level 3 within the SFAS No. 157 hierarchy.
The estimations of fair values reflect our best judgments regarding the appropriate valuation methods and assumptions that market participants would use
in determining fair value. The selection of a method to estimate fair value for each type of financial instrument depends on the reliability and availability of relevant market data. The amount of judgment involved in estimating the fair value of a
financial instrument is affected by a number of factors, such as the type of instrument, the liquidity of the markets for the instrument and the contractual characteristics of the instrument. Judgments in these cases include, but are not limited to:
|
|
|
Selection of third-party market data sources;
|
|
|
|
Evaluation of the expected reliability of the estimate; and,
|
|
|
|
Selection of proxy instruments, as necessary.
|
For financial instruments that are actively traded in the marketplace or whose values are based on readily available market value data and therefore fall within either Level 1 or Level 2 within the SFAS No. 157
hierarchy, little, if any, subjectivity is applied when determining the instruments fair value. Whether a financial instrument is classified as Level 1 or Level 2 will depend largely on its similarity with other financial instruments in the
marketplace and our ability to obtain corroborative data regarding whether the market in which the financial instrument trades is active.
When observable market prices and data do not exist, significant management judgment is necessary to estimate fair value. In those cases, small changes in assumptions could result in significant changes in valuation. The financial
instruments we hold that require the most complex judgments and assumptions relate to our CMBS investments, real estate loans held for sale and investment, interest rate swaps and notes payable all of which are classified as Level 3. The fair value
of CMBS is determined by management based on discounted cash flow models which utilize prepayment and loss assumptions based upon historical experience, economic factors and forecasts and the characteristics of the underlying cash flows. Management
determines the applicable discount rates based on current credit spreads as reflected in information provided by issuers of the securities, comparable deals purchased or traded in the marketplace, if available, the CMBX indices and other derivative
trading markets and market interest rates. In addition, management validates its fair value estimates with information from dealers who make markets in these securities as well as lenders on our
45
repurchase agreement facilities. The determination of future cash flows and the appropriate discount rate is inherently subjective and actual results may
vary significantly from managements estimates. For our CMBS investments designated as available for sale, when the market values are less than amortized cost for an extended period, we consider whether other than temporary impairment exists in
the values of the securities. If other than temporary impairment exists, the cost basis of the securities are written down to the then-current fair values, and the unrealized losses are reflected as an immediate reduction of current earnings. The
determination of other than temporary impairment is a subjective process, and different judgments and assumptions could affect the timing of loss recognition.
We consider the following factors when determining other than temporary impairment for a security: (i) the length of time and the extent to which the market value has been less than the amortized cost,
(ii) the underlying fundamentals of the relevant market, including indicators of credit deterioration, and the outlook for such market for the near future, and (iii) our intent and ability to hold the security for a period of time
sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value. The Company also follows the impairment guidance in FASB Staff Position (FSP) FAS 115-1, The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain
Investments and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 59 (SAB 59), Accounting for Noncurrent Marketable Equity Securities. In accordance with the applicable impairment literature, when the fair value of an available for sale security is less
than its amortized cost for an extended period, the Company considers whether there is an other than temporary impairment in the value of the security. In the future, if our liquidity needs change, it may impact our ability and intent to hold
certain investments.
For liabilities carried at fair value, we generally derive value using pricing obtained from independent
broker/dealers familiar with the securities to determine the fair value. The brokers/dealers typically either supply us with a bid - ask range or we derive it based on information supplied from the broker/dealers and record our liabilities at fair
value using the mid-point within the bid-ask range. Given the lack of market observable information, we have determined that recording our CDO notes payable at the mid point in the bid - ask range is reasonable.
Because of the inherent uncertainty of determining the fair value of assets and liabilities carried at fair value where there is no readily ascertainable
market value, the fair values of the assets and liabilities may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market existed for the instruments, and the differences could be material.
As of June 30, 2008, of the financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value, all were classified as Level 3 under the valuation hierarchy
outlined in SFAS No. 157.
Revenue Recognition.
The most significant source of our revenue comes from interest income on our
CMBS and real estate loan investments. Interest income on real estate loans and CMBS investments is recognized over the life of the investment using the effective interest method. Mortgage loans will generally be originated or purchased at or near
par value and interest income will be recognized based on the contractual terms of the debt instrument. Any discounts or premiums on purchased loans and loan fees or acquisition costs on originated loans will be deferred and recognized over the term
of the loan as an adjustment to yield in accordance with SFAS No. 91,
Accounting for Nonrefundable Fees and Costs Associated with Originating or Acquiring Loans and Initial Direct Costs of Leases
. Any unamortized balance of purchased
premiums or discounts and loan origination costs are included as a part of the cost basis of the asset. Exit fees received from prepayments of loans are recognized in the current period and included in interest income. Interest income on CMBS is
recognized by the effective interest method as required by EITF 99-20,
Recognition of Interest Income and Impairment on Purchased and Retained Beneficial Interests in Securitized Financial Assets
. Under EITF 99-20, management estimates, at
the time of purchase, the future expected cash flows and determines the effective interest rate based on these estimated cash flows and our purchase prices. Subsequent to the purchase and on a quarterly basis, these estimated cash flows are updated
and a revised yield is calculated based on the current amortized cost of the investment. In estimating these cash flows, there are a number of assumptions that are subject to uncertainties and contingencies. These include the rate and timing of
principal payments (including prepayments, repurchases, defaults and liquidations), the pass through or coupon rate and interest rate fluctuations. In addition, interest payment shortfalls due to delinquencies on the underlying mortgage loans, and
the timing of and magnitude of credit losses on the mortgage loans underlying the securities have to be judgmentally estimated. These uncertainties and contingencies are difficult to predict and are subject to future events that may impact
managements estimates and our interest income. As a result, actual results may differ significantly from these estimates.
For our
CMBS investments not financed by our CDOs, when the net present value of current period estimates of future cash flows are lower than the net present value of the previous period estimates, as adjusted for principal and loan payments, and the
current estimated fair value is less than an assets carrying value, we will write down the asset to the current estimated fair market value and record an other than temporary impairment through a charge to current period earnings. After taking
into account the effect of the impairment charge, future income is recognized using the market yield for the security used in establishing the current fair market value.
Equity in the income or loss of unconsolidated joint ventures is recorded based on the equity method of accounting. We allocate income to equity participants based on the terms of the respective partnership agreements
upon an assumed liquidation of the joint venture at its depreciated book value as of the end of the reporting period.
46
Lease income from leased real estate assets is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the
lease in accordance with SFAS No. 13. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, $0 and $0.4 million, respectively, of rent recognized as income in excess of amounts contractually due pursuant to the underlying leases was
included in equity in earnings from unconsolidated joint ventures, respectively, and during the three and six months ended June 30, 2007, $0.4 million and $0.8 million, respectively, of rent recognized as income in excess of amounts
contractually due pursuant to the underlying leases was included in lease income from real estate assets.
Accounting Treatment for an
Investment Acquired from and Financed with a Repurchase Agreement from the Same Counterparty.
We have considered an interpretation of GAAP relating to the treatment of transactions where investments acquired by us from a particular counterparty
are simultaneously or subsequently financed via a repurchase agreement with that same counterparty or an affiliate thereof. We have recorded such transactions as a sale of the investment to us and such related debt provided to us as a financing. An
alternative interpretation of GAAP, however, concerns whether such investments should be treated net of the amount financed, or as a derivative. Over the past two years, we have made several investments that may be affected by such alternative
interpretation. In the three months ended September 30, 2007, we acquired $39.9 million of subordinate CMBS and financed $25.3 million of the purchase via an existing repurchase agreement with the seller. In the three months ended
March 31, 2007, we acquired a first mortgage loan participation investment from a counterparty for $35.0 million and concurrent with closing, the same counterparty provided financing of $29.8 million via an existing repurchase agreement. In the
three months ended June 30, 2006, we acquired four mezzanine loans from a counterparty and in September 2006 financed these same four mezzanine loans through an existing repurchase agreement with the seller. The repurchase agreement provided by
the counterparty was fully repaid in October 2006 in connection with CDO II. In February 2008, effective December 15, 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. 140-3, Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets and Repurchase Financing
Transactions which provides additional guidance with respect to this issue. As of June 30, 2008, $27.3 million of borrowings were outstanding with these counterparties related to an original cost basis of the two related investments of
$59.4 million, each of which are carried on the consolidated balance sheet at the estimated fair value of approximately $35.6 million as of June 30, 2008. As a result, the alternative accounting treatment would reduce total assets and
liabilities by $27.3 million as of June 30, 2008 and reported net income for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 would be reduced by $2.4 million. Future adoption of FSP 140-3 may require us to adjust the accounting for these
assets in which we have invested.
Loan Loss Provisions.
We purchase and originate commercial real estate mortgage and mezzanine
loans to be held as long-term investments. The loans are evaluated for possible impairment on a quarterly basis. In accordance with SFAS No. 114,
Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan
, impairment occurs when it is deemed
probable we will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan. Impairment is then measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows or the fair value of the collateral, if the loan is
collateral dependent. Upon measurement of impairment, we will establish a reserve for loan losses and a corresponding charge to earnings through the provision for loan losses. Significant judgments are required in determining impairment, which
includes making assumptions regarding the value of the loan, the value of the real estate or partnership interests that secure the loan, and any other applicable provisions, including guarantees and cross-collateralization features, if any.
In accordance with the criteria established in SFAS No. 13,
Accounting for Leases
, we have evaluated each lease agreement
related to the net leased real estate assets. We accounted for this lease as an operating lease under SFAS No. 13 from inception through October 30, 2007 at which time we sold a 50% interest in the entity that owns all twelve net leased
real estate assets as more fully discussed above in Our Investments- Net Leased Real Estate Assets.
Derivative
Accounting.
We account for our derivative and hedging activities, using SFAS No. 133,
Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
, as amended by SFAS No. 138,
Accounting for Certain Derivative Instruments and
Certain Hedging Activities,
and SFAS No. 149,
Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,
which requires all derivative instruments to be carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets.
We formally document all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as our risk-management objective and strategy
for undertaking each hedge transaction and how ineffectiveness of the hedging instrument, if any, will be measured. Derivative instruments designated in a hedge relationship to mitigate exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other
types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. We periodically review the effectiveness of each hedging transaction, which involves estimating future cash flows. Cash flow hedges are accounted for by recording the fair value of
the derivative instrument on the balance sheets as either an asset or liability, with a corresponding amount, adjusted for swap payments, recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders equity. Derivative
instruments designated in a hedge relationship to mitigate exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges under SFAS
No. 133. As of June 30, 2008, we had no fair value or cash flow hedges.
In connection with the adoption of SFAS No. 159 on
January 1, 2008, we discontinued hedge accounting for our swaps related to our CDO I and II financings, representing $496.3 million of notional balance as of June 30, 2008. The changes in the fair market value of these cash flow hedges
from January 1, 2008 have been reflected in unrealized gain (loss), net, on CDO related financial
47
assets and liabilities in the consolidated statement of operations. The $(21.7) million of fair value related to these swaps reflected in accumulated other
comprehensive income (loss) as of December 31, 2007 will be amortized into the consolidated statement of operations over the remaining life of the interest rate swap, and expenses of $0.6 million and $1.1 million, respectively, were recognized
during the three and six months ended June 30, 2008.
During the first quarter of 2008, we determined that four interest rate swaps,
aggregating $211.0 million in notional balance, intended to hedge anticipated future and current floating rate financings were no longer effective as such future long-term financings were not considered probable due to continued market disruptions.
During the three months ended June 30, 2008, we terminated one of these swaps with a notional amount of $45.0 million and paid the counterparty $1.4 million. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, we recorded unrealized gains
(losses) of $8.2 million and $(7.4) million, respectively, and reflected the change in market value of these interest rate swaps in unrealized gain (loss) on non-CDO interest rate swaps in the consolidated statement of operations. As of
June 30, 2008 the combined fair value of the three interest rate swaps was $(7.7) million.
Income Taxes.
We operate in a
manner that we believe will allow us to be taxed as a REIT and, as a result, we do not expect to pay substantial corporate-level income taxes. Many of the requirements for REIT qualification, however, are highly technical and complex. If we were to
fail to meet these requirements and do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, we would be subject to Federal income tax, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and amounts available for distributions to
our stockholders.
In June 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income
Taxes, (FIN 48). FIN 48 prescribes how we should recognize, measure and present in our financial statements uncertain tax positions that have been taken or are expected to be taken in a tax return. Pursuant to FIN 48, we can
recognize a tax benefit only if it is more likely than not that a particular tax position will be sustained upon examination or audit. To the extent the more likely than not standard has been satisfied, the benefit associated
with a tax position is measured as the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement.
We are subject to
U.S. Federal income tax as well as income tax of multiple state and local jurisdictions but, as a REIT, we are generally not subject to income tax on net income distributed as dividends to shareholders. As required, we adopted FIN 48 effective
January 1, 2007 and have concluded that there is no effect on our consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, we did not record a cumulative effect adjustment related to the adoption of FIN 48.
The 2004 through 2006 tax years remain subject to examination by taxing authorities. We classify interest and penalties related to uncertain tax
positions, if any, in its general and administrative expense on its consolidated statements of operations. There were no penalties related to uncertain tax positions for all periods prior to December 31, 2007.
New Accounting Standards.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157,
Fair Value Measurements
, which defines fair value as the
price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the market in which the reporting entity transacts. SFAS No. 157 applies whenever other standards require
assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value and does not expand the use of fair value in any new circumstances. SFAS No. 157 establishes a hierarchy that prioritizes the information used in developing fair value estimates. The hierarchy
gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets and the lowest priority to unobservable data, such as the reporting entitys own data or assumptions of market participants. SFAS No. 157 requires fair value measurements to be
disclosed by level within the fair value hierarchy. SFAS No. 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and was adopted by us on January 1, 2008. Under SFAS No. 157, valuations of assets and liabilities
must reflect the fair value of the instrument including the values associated with credit risk. Consequently, we must value our derivative liabilities taking into account our credit risk and thus including in the valuation of the derivative
instrument the value of the net credit differential between the counterparties to the derivative contract. Effective January 1, 2008, we updated our methodology for derivatives to calculate the impact of both the counterparty and our own credit
standing which had the impact of reducing the aggregate fair value of our derivative liabilities by $3.5 million as of June 30, 2008. The fair value of the derivative liability is determined under SFAS 157 as the price that would be paid to
transfer the liability to a market participant with the same credit risk as the Company. However, if the Company were to terminate or settle all of its derivative liabilities with its counter parties, the amount due as of June 30, 2008 was
$30.7 million.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159,
The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and
LiabilitiesIncluding an Amendment of SFAS No. 115.
SFAS No. 159 permits entities to choose to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value. SFAS No. 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after
November 15, 2007. We elected the fair value option for all financial assets and liabilities associated with our CDO I and CDO II financings. The impact of adopting SFAS No. 159 increased stockholders equity by approximately $246
million as of January 1, 2008, which can be attributed to an increase in retained earnings of approximately $20 million and an increase in accumulated other comprehensive loss of approximately $226 million. The primary
48
reason we selected the fair value option for all assets and liabilities associated with our CDO I and CDO II financings was to propose a consistent balance
sheet presentation of the fair value of both assets and liabilities associated with the CDO financings. We have not elected the fair value option for any financial assets or liabilities acquired or incurred during the first six months of 2008 but
may elect the fair value option in the future.
49
The table below reconciles retained earnings as a result of the Companys election of the FVO
pursuant to SFAS No. 159:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carrying Value
Prior to
Adoption
|
|
Impact on
Cumulative
Earnings
|
|
|
Carrying Value After
Adoption
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate loans
|
|
$
|
273,485
|
|
$
|
(9,311
|
)
|
|
$
|
264,174
|
CDO deferred financing fees
|
|
|
13,011
|
|
|
(13,011
|
)
|
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CDO notes payable
|
|
|
974,578
|
|
|
(268,401
|
)
|
|
|
706,177
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cumulative effect of adoption on stockholders equity at January 1, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
246,079
|
|
|
|
|
Reduction of cumulative earnings due to CMBS fair value adjustment reclassified from other comprehensive income
|
|
|
|
|
|
(225,991
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cumulative effect on cumulative retained earnings, January 1, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
20,088
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In June 2007, AICPA Statement of Position 07-1, Clarification of the Scope of the Audit and
Accounting Guide: Investment Companies and Accounting by Parent Companies and Equity Method Investors for Investments in Investment Companies (SOP 07-1) was issued. SOP 07-1 provides specific conditions for determining whether an
entity is within the scope of the Guide. Additionally, for those entities that are investment companies under SOP 07-1, additional guidance is provided regarding the retention of specialized investment company industry accounting by a parent company
in consolidation or by an investor that has the ability to exercise significant influence over the investment company and applies the equity method of accounting to its investment in the entity. In October 2007 and again in February 2008, the FASB
voted to indefinitely defer the effective date of SOP 07-1 until they can reassess its provisions. Early adoption of the SOP is not permitted for entities that had not already adopted the standard as of the first deferral date. Accordingly, at this
time, it is not possible to determine what impact, if any, SOP 07-1 will have on our financial statements.
In December 2007, the FASB
issued SFAS 141(R), Business Combinations (SFAS 141(R)). This Statement replaces SFAS 141, Business Combinations, and requires an acquirer to recognize the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, including those arising
from contractual contingencies, any contingent consideration, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree at the acquisition date, measured at their fair values as of that date, with limited exceptions specified in the statement. SFAS 141(R)
also requires the acquirer in a business combination achieved in stages (sometimes referred to as a step acquisition) to recognize the identifiable assets and liabilities, as well as the noncontrolling interest in the acquiree, at the full amounts
of their fair values (or other amounts determined in accordance with SFAS 141(R)). In addition, SFAS 141(R)s requirement to measure the noncontrolling interest in the acquiree at fair value will result in recognizing the goodwill attributable
to the noncontrolling interest in addition to that attributable to the acquirer. SFAS 141(R) amends SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, to require the acquirer to recognize changes in the amount of its deferred tax benefits
that are recognizable because of a business combination either in income from continuing operations in the period of the combination or directly in contributed capital, depending on the circumstances. It also amends SFAS 142, Goodwill and
Other Intangible Assets, to, among other things, provide guidance on the impairment testing of acquired research and development intangible assets and assets that the acquirer intends not to use. SFAS 141(R) applies prospectively to business
combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. We are currently assessing the potential impact that the adoption of SFAS 141(R) could have
on our financial statements.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial
Statements (SFAS 160). SFAS 160 amends Accounting Research Bulletin 51, Consolidated Financial Statements, to establish accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the
deconsolidation of a subsidiary. It also clarifies that a noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary is an ownership interest in the consolidated entity that should be reported as equity in the consolidated financial statements. SFAS 160 also changes
the way the consolidated income statement is presented by requiring consolidated net income to be reported at amounts that include the amounts attributable to both the parent and the noncontrolling interest. It also requires disclosure, on the face
of the consolidated statement of income, of the amounts of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the noncontrolling interest. SFAS 160 requires that a parent recognize a gain or loss in net income when a subsidiary is
deconsolidated and requires expanded disclosures in the consolidated financial statements that clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the parent owners and the interests of the noncontrolling owners of a subsidiary. SFAS 160 is
effective for fiscal periods, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. We are currently assessing the potential impact that the adoption of SFAS 160 could have on our financial statements.
50
In February 2008, the FASB issued Staff Position No. 140-3, or FSP No. 140-3, Accounting
for Transfers of Financial Assets and Repurchase Financing Transactions. FSP No. 140-3 provides guidance on the accounting for a purchase of a financial asset from a counterparty and contemporaneous financing of the acquisition through
repurchase agreements with the same counterparty. Under this guidance, the purchase and related financing are linked, unless all of the following conditions are met at the inception of the transaction: 1) the purchase and corresponding
financing are not contractually contingent; 2) the repurchase financing provides recourse; 3) the financial asset and repurchase financing are readily obtainable in the marketplace and are executed at market rates; and 4) the maturity
of financial asset and repurchase are not coterminous. A linked transaction would require a determination under SFAS No. 140 to conclude if the transaction meets the requirements for sale accounting. If the linked transaction does not meet sale
accounting requirements, the net investment in the linked transaction is to be recorded as a derivative with the corresponding change in fair value of the derivative being recorded through earnings. The value of the derivative would reflect changes
in the value of the underlying debt investments and changes in the value of the underlying credit provided by the counterparty. We currently present these transactions gross, with the acquisition of the financial assets in total assets and the
related repurchase agreements as financing in total liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and the interest income earned on the debt investments and interest expense incurred on the repurchase obligations are reported gross on the
consolidated income statements. FSP No. 140-3 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008. We are currently evaluating the effect, if any, that this pronouncement will have on its future
financial position or results of operations.
In March, 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161,
Disclosures about
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133
. This statement provides for enhanced disclosures about how and why an entity uses derivatives and how and where those derivatives and related
hedged items are reported in the entitys financial statements. The statement is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. We are currently evaluating the impact of SFAS No. 161 on our
financial position, results of operations and financial disclosures.
In June 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position EITF 03-06-1,
Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-based Payment Transactions are Participating Securities
, or FSP EITF 03-06-1. This standard requires that unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or
payments shall be included in the computation of a companys earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. In effect, FSP EITF 03-06-1 requires companies to report basic and diluted earnings per share in two broad categories. First,
companies would be required to report basic and diluted earnings per share associated with the unvested share-based payments with nonforfeitable rights. Second, companies would separately report basic and diluted earnings per share for their
remaining common stock. FSP EITF 03-06-1 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and interim periods within those years. All prior period earnings per share presented must be adjusted
retrospectively to conform to the provisions of this FSP. Early application is not permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of FSP EITF 03-06-1 will have on our financial position, results of operations and financial disclosures.
Balance Sheet Review
As of
June 30, 2008, total assets were approximately $948.3 million, a decrease of $427.9 million, or 31.1%, from December 31, 2007. The decline in total assets was primarily due to continued spread widening on our CMBS and real estate loan
investments which reduced the fair value of these investments well as the sales of one real estate loan and our interest in the Charter Schools joint venture during the first six months of 2008. Income earning assets decreased by $414.8 million, or
30.8%, from $1.3 billion at December 31, 2007. At June 30, 2008, income earning assets, including cash, had a weighted average yield of 12.8%, based on their amortized cost, compared to 8.2% at December 31, 2007. The decline in the
cost basis and increase in yields on our CMBS investments from December 31, 2007 to June 30, 2008 is due primarily to recognition of unrealized losses at December 31, 2007 of $280.5 million and increases to unrealized losses during
the six months ended June 30, 2008, which, in total, reduced the cost basis by $502.8 million and increased CMBS yields from 8.7% at December 31, 2007 to 20.1% at June 30, 2008.
51
The level of investment related income is directly related to the balance of the interest-bearing assets,
net leased real estate assets and investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries outstanding during the period and the weighted average yields on such investments. The cost basis of interest-bearing, net leased real estate assets and investments in
unconsolidated joint ventures and weighted average yields (based on case basis) at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
Cost
|
|
Yield
(1)
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
Cost
|
|
Yield
|
|
CMBS pledged as CDO collateral
|
|
$
|
390,491
|
|
$
|
387,398
|
|
20.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
562,056
|
|
$
|
788,047
|
|
8.6
|
%
|
CMBS not pledged or pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements
|
|
|
100,176
|
|
|
107,724
|
|
20.6
|
%
|
|
|
155,384
|
|
|
209,840
|
|
9.0
|
%
|
Real estate loans, held for investment
|
|
|
253,659
|
|
|
274,734
|
|
5.3
|
%
|
|
|
274,734
|
|
|
274,735
|
|
7.9
|
%
|
Real estate loans, held for sale
|
|
|
141,913
|
|
|
184,654
|
|
6.8
|
%
|
|
|
221,599
|
|
|
235,465
|
|
7.1
|
%
|
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures
|
|
|
3,261
|
|
|
3,261
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
40,764
|
|
|
40,764
|
|
13.8
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
889,500
|
|
$
|
957,771
|
|
13.2
|
%
|
|
$
|
1,254,537
|
|
$
|
1,548,851
|
|
8.4
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
After effect of recording unrealized losses and other than temporary impairment on CMBS as further discussed below.
|
During the six months ended June 30, 2008, we made no CMBS investments.
At June 30, 2008, we held investments in CMBS issued by 25 separate CMBS trusts and one Re-Remic issuance with an aggregate estimated fair value of
$490.7 million. The amortized cost basis of our investments in CMBS was $495.1 million with a weighted average yield of 20.1%. At June 30, 2008, the weighted average expected life of our CMBS investments was 9.2 years. The weighted average
yield on our CMBS assets increased significantly as of June 30, 2008 compared to December 31, 2007 as a result of recording an other than temporary impairment charge in the first quarter of 2008 and reducing the cost basis to estimated
fair value on all of our CMBS assets as of March 31, 2008. While the cost basis was reduced to estimated fair value, we do not expect significant changes in estimated cash flows generated from these assets, therefore resulting in significantly
higher yields as calculated based on the revised cost basis. Our decision to record other than temporary impairment was driven primarily by the duration and extent of unrealized losses on the CMBS investments due to the significant increases in
spreads between April 2007 and March 2008.
During the six months ended June 30, 2008, we made no investments in real estate loans.
During this period we also received repayments of $7.5 million related to outstanding principal balances on certain real estate loan investments and sold a real estate loan with a cost basis of $45.4 million.
At June 30, 2008, we had five loans classified as held for sale for purposes of providing potential additional liquidity with an amortized cost
basis of $184.7 million, a carrying value based on the estimated fair value of $141.9 million and a weighted average interest rate of 6.8%. Two of the loans with an amortized cost basis of $124.6 million and a carrying value of $87.2 million bear
interest at fixed rates with a weighted average interest rate of 7.4% while three of the loans have an amortized cost of $60.1 million and a carrying value of $54.7 million bear interest at floating rates with a weighted average interest rate of
LIBOR plus 248 basis points. At June 30, 2008, we had nine loans financed by our CDOs classified as held for investment with an amortized cost basis of $274.7 million, a carrying value of $253.7 million and all of which bear interest at
floating rates with a weighted average interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.8%. While we record the loans held for sale on our balance sheet at lower of cost or market and the loans financed by our CDOs at fair value, we follow the impairment model under
SFAS 114
Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan an amendment of FASB Statements No. 5 and 15
and therefore only record impairment charges on these loans if it is probable that we will be unable to collect all
amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. We currently expect to collect all amounts contractually due from these loans.
At June 30, 2008, total liabilities were $685.5 million, a decrease of $679.9 million, or 49.8%, from December 31, 2007. The decrease in total liabilities was driven by the adoption of SFAS No. 159
where we elected to mark to market our CDO notes payable, which reduced the carrying amount of such notes payable by $542.7 million from December 31, 2007. We also reduced the borrowings on repurchase agreements by $110.6 million and had lower
dividends payable of $20.6 million compared to December 31, 2007 levels. At June 30, 2008, the Company had interest-bearing liabilities with a fair value of $645.1 million, a cost basis of $1.2 billion with a weighted average borrowing
rate of 4.0% based on cost basis.
At June 30, 2008, we were party to three repurchase agreements with three counterparties where
borrowing capacity is limited to assets available to be pledged as collateral for such agreements based on the underlying characteristics of such assets. Based on pledged assets, we had no additional borrowing capacity at June 30, 2008. At
June 30, 2008, we had $151.3 million outstanding under these agreements with a weighted average borrowing rate of 4.1%.
52
At June 30, 2008, we had CDO notes payable outstanding from two separate issuances. Our CDOs are
financing vehicles for our assets and, as such, are consolidated on our balance sheet with CDO notes payable a fair value of $431.9 million and a cost basis of $974.6 million, representing the amortized sales price of the securities sold to third
parties. However, we expect that these liabilities will be settled at cost when they mature. The weighted average interest rate of the bonds, including the amortization of debt issuance costs was 3.7% at June 30, 2008. Of the $974.6 million of
face amount of bonds outstanding, $780.6 million were floating rate with a weighted average interest rate of LIBOR plus 59 basis points while $194.0 million were fixed rate with a weighted average interest rate of 6.0%.
On April 9, 2007, we issued $61.9 million of junior subordinated debentures to a subsidiary to fund existing and future investment activities and
other working capital needs. We also invested $1.9 million in the common equity of such subsidiary. On April 9, 2007, we issued $60.0 million of trust preferred securities through a subsidiary, JERIT TS Statutory Trust I. The trust preferred
securities and the junior subordinated debentures have a 30-year term ending April 2037, are redeemable at par on or after April 2012 and pay distributions at a fixed rate of 7.2%, excluding amortization of fees and expenses, for the first five
years through April 2012, and, thereafter, at a floating rate of three month LIBOR plus 225 basis points, excluding amortization of fees and expenses. Net cash proceeds from this financing transaction were $59.1 million. We incurred $1.0 million of
debt issuance costs, which were deferred and are amortized on an effective yield basis over the life of the junior subordinated debentures. Unamortized debt issuance costs of $1.0 million are included as a component of deferred financing fees on the
consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2008.
At June 30, 2008, we were party to seven interest rate swaps with a total current
notional amount of $662.3 million. These interest rate swaps effectively convert floating rate debt to fixed rate debt. Under these swaps, we receive a rate equal to LIBOR and pay a weighted average rate of 5.1%. The net fair value of the interest
rate swaps at June 30, 2008 was a liability of $27.2 million and is included as a component of interest rate swap agreements, at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets.
At June 30, 2008, total stockholders equity was $262.8 million, an increase of $252.0 million from December 31, 2007. The increase in
stockholders equity was primarily due to the adoption of SFAS No. 159 which increased stockholders equity by $246.1 million as of January 1, 2008.
At June 30, 2008, 25,901,035 shares of common stock were issued and outstanding, including 163,584 shares of unvested restricted stock.
Results of Operations
Comparison of the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 (in millions)
Net income was $29.0 million, or $1.13 per diluted share, during the three months ended June 30, 2008 compared to net income of $10.1
million, or $0.39 per diluted share, for the three months ended June 30, 2007.
53
Revenues
The following table sets forth information regarding the total amount and composition of our revenues, which are primarily interest income earned from our investments and cash positions and lease income on our net
leased real estate assets (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the three months
ended June 30,
|
|
Increase
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
(decrease)
|
|
REVENUES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income from CMBS
|
|
$
|
24,719
|
|
$
|
20,531
|
|
$
|
4,188
|
(1)
|
Interest income from real estate loans
|
|
|
7,447
|
|
|
10,630
|
|
|
(3,183
|
)
|
Interest income from cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
194
|
|
|
1,564
|
|
|
(1,370
|
)
|
Lease income from real estate assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,404
|
|
|
(1,404
|
)
|
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated joint ventures
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
Fee income
|
|
|
156
|
|
|
|
|
|
156
|
|
Other income
|
|
|
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
(31
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Revenues
|
|
$
|
32,550
|
|
$
|
34,160
|
|
$
|
(1,610
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
The $4.2 million increase in interest income from CMBS for the
three months ended June 30, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 is related to incremental accretion of $2.6 million primarily due to the other than temporary charge recorded in the first quarter of 2008.
|
The decrease in revenues during the three months ended June 30, 2008 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2007 is primarily due to lower
LIBOR rates on floating rate real estate loans, lower interest income on cash due to reduced cash balances, on average, and lower levels of lease income from real estate assets due to the sale of our investment in real estate assets offset, in part,
by increased balances of interest-bearing assets due to acquisitions of CMBS and real estate loans, and increased levels of non-cash CMBS income. For the three months ended June 30, 2008, $27.8 million was earned on fixed rate investments,
while the remaining $4.8 million was earned on floating rate investments, compared to $20.5 million and $13.6 million for the same period in 2007, respectively. We classify income from floating rate investments as that which is tied to a published
index, e.g. LIBOR. At June 30, 2008, our floating rate investments included a cost basis of $335.5 million in real estate loans, $43.4 million in cash and cash equivalents and $1.2 million in restricted cash primarily related to the remaining
CDO II loan replenishment pool. During the three months ended June 30, 2008, equity in earnings of unconsolidated joint ventures includes $0 of non-cash straight-line rental income and $0.4 million of non-cash straight-line rental income is
included in lease income for the three months ended June 30, 2007 pursuant to SFAS No. 13.
54
Expenses
The following table sets forth information regarding the amount and composition of our expenses (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months
Ended June 30,
|
|
Increase
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
(decrease)
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
$
|
13,782
|
|
$
|
19,793
|
|
$
|
(6,011
|
)
|
Management fees, affiliate
|
|
|
1,874
|
|
|
1,850
|
|
|
24
|
|
Incentive fees, affiliate
|
|
|
|
|
|
235
|
|
|
(235
|
)
|
Depreciation on real estate assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
206
|
|
|
(206
|
)
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
1,937
|
|
|
1,975
|
|
|
(38
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Expenses
|
|
$
|
17,593
|
|
$
|
24,059
|
|
$
|
(6,466
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest Expense.
Interest expense was $13.8 million and $19.8 million for the three months
ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The following table sets forth information regarding the total composition amount of interest expense, which is primarily interest expense related to our CDOs and repurchase agreements (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months
Ended June 30,
|
|
|
Increase
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
|
(decrease)
|
|
CDO II
|
|
$
|
5,582
|
|
$
|
10,080
|
|
|
$
|
(4,498
|
)
|
CDO I
|
|
|
3,643
|
|
|
4,465
|
|
|
|
(822
|
)
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
|
|
|
|
(397
|
)
|
|
|
397
|
|
Repurchase agreements
|
|
|
1,919
|
|
|
4,028
|
|
|
|
(2,109
|
)
|
Junior subordinated debentures
|
|
|
1,086
|
|
|
1,033
|
|
|
|
53
|
|
Amortization of deferred financing fees
|
|
|
1,552
|
|
|
466
|
|
|
|
1,086
|
|
Amortization of swap termination loss (gain)
|
|
|
|
|
|
118
|
|
|
|
(118
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total interest expense
|
|
$
|
13,782
|
|
$
|
19,793
|
|
|
$
|
(6,011
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Due to the adoption of SFAS No. 159, effective January 1, 2008, interest expense related
to our CDO I and II related interest rate swaps of $4.4 million is recorded in other gains (losses) for the three months ended June 30, 2008. During the three months ended June 30, 2007, interest expense includes $(0.3) million of interest
expense related to our CDO I and CDO II related interest rate swaps. After adjusting for this, the decrease in interest expense of $6.4 million is primarily related to lower LIBOR rates in 2008 compared to 2007 as well as lower average balances
outstanding on repurchase agreements in the three months ended June 30, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007, offset, in part, by higher amortization of deferred financing fees primarily related to quarterly availability fee payments on our
repurchase agreements.
Management and Incentive Fees.
Base management fees are calculated as a percentage of stockholders
equity adjusted to exclude the effect of any unrealized gains and losses or other items that do not affect realized net income. Our manager is also entitled to receive quarterly incentive fees equal to 25% of our Funds From Operations (as defined in
the management agreement), or FFO, in excess of minimum FFO targets (as defined in the management agreement). The following table summarizes our management fees for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 (in thousands):
55
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months
Ended June 30,
|
|
Increase
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
(decrease)
|
|
Base management fees
|
|
$
|
1,874
|
|
$
|
1,850
|
|
$
|
24
|
|
Incentive fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
235
|
|
|
(235
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total management fees
|
|
$
|
1,874
|
|
$
|
2,085
|
|
$
|
(211
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The decrease in management fees is primarily due to decreases in incentive fees for the three
months ended June 30, 2008 compared to 2007 due to FFO exceeding the minimum thresholds defined in the management agreement during 2007 whereas the minimum FFO thresholds were not achieved in 2008.
Depreciation on Real Estate Assets
. During the three months ending June 30, 2008, we did not record any depreciation expense as we sold 50%
of our interest in the net leased real estate assets in October 2007 and sold the remaining 50% interest in the real estate joint venture in April 2008. During the three months ended June 30, 2007, we owned 100% of the net leased real estate
assets and depreciation expense was approximately $0.2 million.
General and Administrative Expense.
The decrease in general and
administrative expenses of $38 for the three months ended June 30, 2008 versus the same period in 2007 was due primarily to lower due diligence costs offset, in part, by higher legal and professional services expenses. Included in general and
administrative expenses are additional affiliate expenses related to overhead and out-of-pocket expense reimbursements to our manager aggregating $0.1 million in each of the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, pursuant to our management
agreement.
56
Other Gains (Losses).
The following table sets forth information regarding the amount and
composition of our other gains (losses) during the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 (in thousands):
Composition of Other
Gains (Losses)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months
Ended June 30,
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
Changes in Fair Value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CDO related financial assets and liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CMBS
|
|
$
|
(428
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
Real estate loans
|
|
|
(6,856
|
)
|
|
|
|
Notes payable
|
|
|
7,585
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
|
22,322
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized gain (loss) on CDO related financial assets and liabilities
|
|
|
22,623
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-CDO related financial assets and liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss on CMBS impairment
|
|
|
(273
|
)
|
|
|
|
Real estate loans held for sale
|
|
|
(506
|
)
|
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
|
8,199
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized gain (loss) on non-CDO related financial assets and liabilities
|
|
|
7,420
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total changes in fair value
|
|
|
30,043
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Realized Losses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss on real estate loan held for sale
|
|
|
(9,249
|
)
|
|
|
|
Loss on termination of non-CDO interest rate swaps
|
|
|
(1,370
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total realized losses
|
|
|
(10,619
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash payments on interest rate swaps
|
|
|
(4,690
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Recognition of amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI) as of December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss on CMBS impairment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized gain (loss) on non-CDO interest rate swaps
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization of swap termination costs
|
|
|
(126
|
)
|
|
|
|
Amortization of unrealized loss on CDO related interest rate swaps
|
|
|
(575
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total recognition of amounts in AOCI as of December 31, 2007
|
|
|
(701
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other gains (losses)
|
|
$
|
14,033
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized Gain on CDO Financial Assets and Liabilities, net.
For the three months ended
June 30, 2008, we recorded a $22.6 million unrealized gain, net, related to our fair value election for CDO related financial assets and liabilities pursuant to SFAS No. 159 effective January 1, 2008.
Fair value of CMBS was relatively unchanged as the impact of higher treasury and swap rates were offset in part by the impact of tightening credit
spreads on older vintage (pre-2007) CMBS investments. The fair value of real estate loans declined due to increased credit spreads on floating rate real estate loans. The fair value of CDO notes payable declined due to higher treasury rates and
higher credit spreads on structured finance instruments. The fair value of the liability on our interest rate swaps declined due to higher 10-year swap rates.
Loss on Impairment of CMBS
. Our valuation and income recognition processes involves estimating loss adjusted cash flows over the expected term of the securities and determining an effective yield to maturity
based on those cash flow estimates. For CMBS, if there is an adverse change in the net present value of projected cash flows from those estimated in the previous period, and the fair
57
value of the security is below its amortized cost basis, we will reduce the amortized cost basis to fair value, pursuant to EITF 99-20. For assets in which
we did not elect the FVO, this would result in an other than temporary impairment charge in the consolidated statement of operations. During the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, we recorded other than temporary non-cash impairment
charges related to CMBS investments of $0.3 million and $0, respectively. The 2008 other than temporary impairment charges are related to declines in the projected net present value of future cash flows on certain CMBS investments pursuant to EITF
99-20.
Unrealized Loss on Loans Held for Sale.
As of June 30, 2008, five of our real estate loans with a cost basis of $184.7
million are classified as available for sale in order to provide additional potential sources of liquidity to us. Pursuant to SFAS No. 65, we carry such real estate loans on our consolidated balance sheet at the lower of cost or fair value, and
as a result, during the three months ended June 30, 2008, we recorded charges related to increases in unrealized losses on such loans during the second quarter of 2008 aggregating $0.5 million.
Such unrealized loss was attributable to declines in the fair value of $
8.6
million during the three months ended June 30, 2008 on the five
real estate loans owned as of June 30, 2008 due to the impact of higher treasury/swap rates on our two fixed rate loans and higher credit spreads on all five loans. This was offset, in part, by the reversal of the unrealized loss of $8.1
million as of March 31, 2008 on the fixed rate real estate loan sold in June 2008.
Unrealized Gain on Non-CDO Interest Rate Swaps.
A gain of $8.2 million was recorded for the three months ended June 30, 2008 as a result of discontinuing hedge accounting for these swaps during 2008. These interest rate swaps were originally designated to hedge existing floating rate
indebtedness related to our repurchase agreements and anticipated future long-term floating rate indebtedness. No unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate swaps were recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2007.
Loss on Real Estate Loan Held for Sale.
During the three months ended June 30, 2008, we sold a whole mortgage loan classified as held for
sale with a face amount of $45.0 million and an unamortized cost basis of $45.4 million for $36.6 million. We recorded a $9.2 million realized loss in connection with the sale of this loan.
Loss on Termination of Non-CDO Interest Rate Swaps.
In connection with the sale of a real estate loan and the repayment of related repurchase
agreement borrowings, we paid $1.4 million in swap termination costs on an interest rate swap with a notional balance of $45.0 million.
Loss on Interest Rate Swaps.
For the three months ended June 30, 2008, we recorded $5.4 million of loss on interest rate swaps primarily related to $4.7 million of cash carrying costs on interest rate swaps, $0.1 million of
amortization of swap termination costs and $0.6 million of amortization of on CDO related interest rate swaps in other comprehensive income at December 31, 2007.
Comparison of the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 (in millions)
Net loss was
$37.9 million, or $(1.47) per diluted share, during the six months ended June 30, 2008 compared to net income of $19.9 million, or $0.77 per diluted share, for the six months ended June 30, 2007.
58
Revenues
The following table sets forth information regarding the total amount and composition of our revenues, which are primarily interest income earned from our investments and cash positions and lease income on our net
leased real estate assets (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the six months ended
June 30,
|
|
Increase
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
(decrease)
|
|
REVENUES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income from CMBS
|
|
$
|
46,171
|
|
$
|
38,354
|
|
$
|
7,817
|
(1)
|
Interest income from real estate loans
|
|
|
16,333
|
|
|
19,379
|
|
|
(3,046
|
)
|
Interest income from cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
616
|
|
|
3,550
|
|
|
(2,934
|
)
|
Lease income from real estate assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,777
|
|
|
(2,777
|
)
|
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated joint ventures
|
|
|
967
|
|
|
|
|
|
967
|
|
Fee income
|
|
|
253
|
|
|
|
|
|
253
|
|
Other income
|
|
|
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
(31
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Revenues
|
|
$
|
64,340
|
|
$
|
64,091
|
|
$
|
249
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
The $7.8 million increase in interest income from CMBS for the
six months ended June 30, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 is related to incremental accretion of $2.8 million primarily due to the other than temporary charge recorded in the first quarter of 2008.
|
The increase in revenues during the six months ended June 30, 2008 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2007 is primarily due to increased
balances of interest-bearing assets due to acquisitions of CMBS and real estate loans and increased levels of non-cash CMBS income offset, in part, by lower interest income on cash due to reduced cash balances, on average, and lower levels of income
and equity in earnings from unconsolidated joint ventures, net. For the six months ended June 30, 2008, $53.1 million was earned on fixed rate investments, while the remaining $11.2 million was earned on floating rate investments, compared to
$45.3 million and $18.8 million for the same period in 2007, respectively. We classify income from floating rate investments as that which is tied to a published index, e.g. LIBOR. At June 30, 2008, our floating rate investments included a cost
basis of $335.5 million in real estate loans, $43.4 million in cash and cash equivalents and $1.2 million in restricted cash primarily related to the remaining CDO II loan replenishment pool. During the six months ended June 30, 2008,
investments in unconsolidated joint ventures generated $1.1 million in income from our investments in the Charter Schools joint venture and $0.1 million in net losses from our investment in the US Debt Fund. Equity in earnings from unconsolidated
joint ventures income also includes $0.8 million in non-cash straight-line rental income for the six months ended June 30, 2008 while $0.8 million of non-cash straight-line rental income is included in lease income for the six months ended
June 30, 2007 pursuant to SFAS No. 13.
59
Expenses
The following table sets forth information regarding the amount and composition of our expenses (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
Increase
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
(decrease)
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
$
|
29,197
|
|
$
|
35,424
|
|
$
|
(6,227
|
)
|
Management fees, affiliate
|
|
|
3,701
|
|
|
3,705
|
|
|
(4
|
)
|
Incentive fees, affiliate
|
|
|
|
|
|
387
|
|
|
(387
|
)
|
Depreciation on real estate assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
412
|
|
|
(412
|
)
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
3,917
|
|
|
4,255
|
|
|
(338
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Expenses
|
|
$
|
36,815
|
|
$
|
44,183
|
|
$
|
(7,368
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest Expense.
Interest expense was $29.2 million and $35.4 million for the six months
ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The following table sets forth information regarding the total composition amount of interest expense, which is primarily interest expense related to our CDOs and repurchase agreements (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
|
Increase
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
|
(decrease)
|
|
CDO II
|
|
$
|
12,832
|
|
$
|
20,065
|
|
|
$
|
(7,233
|
)
|
CDO I
|
|
|
7,626
|
|
|
8,883
|
|
|
|
(1,257
|
)
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
|
|
|
|
(729
|
)
|
|
|
729
|
|
Repurchase agreements
|
|
|
4,797
|
|
|
5,050
|
|
|
|
(253
|
)
|
Junior subordinated debentures
|
|
|
2,172
|
|
|
1,033
|
|
|
|
1,139
|
|
Amortization of deferred financing fees
|
|
|
1,770
|
|
|
909
|
|
|
|
861
|
|
Amortization of swap termination loss (gain)
|
|
|
|
|
|
213
|
|
|
|
(213
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total interest expense
|
|
$
|
29,197
|
|
$
|
35,424
|
|
|
$
|
(6,227
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Due to the adoption of SFAS No. 159, effective January 1, 2008, interest expense related
to our CDO I and II interest rate swaps of $7.0 million is recorded in other gains (losses) for the six months ended June 30, 2008. During the six months ended June 30, 2007, interest expense includes $(0.5) million of interest expense
related to our CDO I and CDO II related interest rate swaps. After adjusting for this, the decrease in interest expense of $6.9 million is primarily related to lower LIBOR rates in 2008 compared to 2007, lower average balances outstanding on
repurchase agreements in the three months ended June 30, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007, offset, in part by our April 2007 issuance of trust preferred securities, and increased amortization of deferred financing fees for the six
months ending June 30, 2008 due primarily to increased facility expenses on our repurchase agreements.
Management and Incentive
Fees.
Base management fees are calculated as a percentage of stockholders equity adjusted to exclude the effect of any unrealized gains and losses or other items that do not affect realized net income. Our manager is also entitled to
receive quarterly incentive fees equal to 25% of our Funds From Operations (as defined in the management agreement), or FFO, in excess of minimum FFO targets (as defined in the management agreement). The following table summarizes our management
fees for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 (in thousands):
60
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
Increase
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
(decrease)
|
|
Base management fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Incentive fees
|
|
$
|
3,701
|
|
$
|
3,705
|
|
$
|
(4
|
)
|
Total management fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
387
|
|
|
(387
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
3,701
|
|
$
|
4,092
|
|
$
|
(391
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The decrease in management fees is primarily due to decreases in incentive fees for the six months
ended June 30, 2008 compared to 2007 due to FFO exceeding the minimum thresholds defined in the management agreement during 2007 whereas the minimum FFO thresholds were not achieved in 2008.
Depreciation on Real Estate Assets
. During the six months ending June 30, 2008, we did not record any depreciation expense as we sold 50% of
our interest in the net leased real estate assets in October 2007 and sold the remaining 50% interest in the real estate joint venture in April 2008. During the six months ended June 30, 2007, we owned 100% of the net leased real estate assets
and depreciation expense was approximately $0.4 million and included in the consolidated statements of operations.
General and
Administrative Expense.
The decrease in general and administrative expenses of $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008 versus the same period in 2007 was due primarily to lower due diligence costs offset, in part, by higher
legal and professional services expenses. Included in general and administrative expenses are affiliate expenses related to overhead and out-of-pocket expense reimbursements to our manager aggregating $0.3 million in each of the six months ended
June 30, 2008 and 2007, pursuant to our management agreement.
61
Other Gains (Losses).
The following table sets forth information regarding the amount and
composition of our other gains (losses) during the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 (in thousands):
Composition of Other
Gains (Losses)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
Changes in Fair Value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CDO related financial assets and liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CMBS
|
|
$
|
(175,189
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
Real estate loans
|
|
|
(11,764
|
)
|
|
|
|
Notes payable
|
|
|
274,237
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
|
2,244
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized gain (loss) on CDO related financial assets and liabilities
|
|
|
89,528
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-CDO related financial assets and liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss on CMBS impairment
|
|
|
(45,395
|
)
|
|
|
|
Real estate loans held for sale
|
|
|
(28,874
|
)
|
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
|
3,394
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized gain (loss) on non-CDO related financial assets and liabilities
|
|
|
(70,875
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total changes in fair value
|
|
|
18,653
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Realized Losses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss on real estate loan held for sale
|
|
|
(9,249
|
)
|
|
|
|
Loss on termination of non-CDO interest rate swaps
|
|
|
(1,370
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total realized losses
|
|
|
(10,619
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash payments on interest rate swaps
|
|
|
(6,773
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Recognition of amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI) as of December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss on CMBS impairment
|
|
|
(54,457
|
)
|
|
|
|
Unrealized gain (loss) on non-CDO interest rate swaps
|
|
|
(10,795
|
)
|
|
|
|
Amortization of swap termination costs
|
|
|
(250
|
)
|
|
|
|
Amortization of unrealized loss on CDO related interest rate swaps
|
|
|
(1,143
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total recognition of amounts in AOCI as of December 31, 2007
|
|
|
(66,648
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other gains (losses)
|
|
$
|
(65,384
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized Gain on CDO Financial Assets and Liabilities:
For the six months ended
June 30, 2008, we recorded a $89.5 million unrealized gain, net, related to our fair value election for CDO related financial assets and liabilities pursuant to SFAS No. 159 effective January 1, 2008.
Fair value of CMBS declined primarily due to the impact of higher credit spreads on CMBS investments. The fair value of real estate loans declined due to
increased credit spreads on floating rate real estate loans. The fair value of CDO notes payable declined due to higher credit spreads on structured finance instruments.
Loss on Impairment of CMBS
. Our valuation and income recognition processes involves estimating loss adjusted cash flows over the expected term of the securities and determining an effective yield to maturity
based on those cash flow estimates. For CMBS, if there is an adverse change in the net present value of projected cash flows from those estimated in the previous period, and the fair value of the security is below its amortized cost basis, we will
reduce the amortized cost basis to fair value, pursuant to EITF 99-20. For assets in which we did not elect the FVO, this would result in an other than temporary impairment charge on the consolidated
62
statement of operations. During the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, we recorded other than temporary non-cash impairment charges related to its
CMBS investments of $99.9 million and $0, respectively. The 2008 other than temporary impairment charges includes $2.4 million related to declines in the projected net present value of future cash flows on certain CMBS investments pursuant to EITF
99-20. The remaining non-cash CMBS impairment charge of $97.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2008 relates to other than temporary declines in fair value due to widening credit spreads for CMBS investments which began in the first half
of 2007, accelerated throughout the second half of 2007 and continued through the first quarter of 2008, resulting in both increased severity of the level of unrealized losses as well as increased duration of such unrealized losses. For the six
months ended June 30, 2007, we recorded no non-cash impairment charges on our CMBS investments.
Unrealized Loss on Loans Held for Sale.
As of June 30, 2008, five of our real estate loans with a cost basis of $184.7 million are classified as available for sale in order to provide additional potential sources of liquidity to us. Pursuant to SFAS No. 65, we carry such
real estate loans on our consolidated balance sheet at the lower of cost or fair value, and as a result, during the six months ended June 30, 2008, we recorded charges related to increases in unrealized losses on the six loans owned since
December 31, 2007 aggregating $28.9 million.
Such unrealized loss was attributable to declines in the fair value of $28.9 million
during the six months ended June 30, 2008 on the six real estate loans owned during the six months ended June 30, 2008 due to the impact of higher treasury/swap rates on our three fixed rate loans and higher credit spreads on all six
loans. This was offset, in part, by the reversal of the unrealized loss of $8.1 million on the fixed rate real estate loan sold in June 2008.
Loss on Interest Rate Swaps.
For the six months ended June 30, 2008, we recorded $8.2 million of losses on interest rate swaps primarily related to $6.7 million of cash carrying costs on interest rate swaps, $0.2 million of
amortization of swap termination costs and $1.1million of amortization of on CDO related interest rate swaps in other comprehensive income at December 31, 2007.
Loss on Termination of Non-CDO Interest Rate Swaps.
In connection with the sale of a real estate loan and the repayment related repurchase agreement borrowings, we paid $1.4 million in swap termination costs on
an interest rate swap with a notional balance of $45.0 million.
Unrealized Loss on Non-CDO Interest Rate Swaps.
During the first
quarter of 2008, we determined that four interest rate swaps, aggregating $211.0 million in notional balance, intended to hedge anticipated future and current floating rate financings were no longer effective as such future long-term financings are
not considered probable due to continued market disruptions. As a result, we recorded a charge of $(7.4) million consisting of the write-off of unrealized losses of $10.8 million previously classified as part of accumulated other comprehensive
income (loss) as of December 31, 2007 and changes in the fair value of such swaps of $2.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2008. This has been reflected in unrealized gain (loss) on non-CDO interest rate swaps in the consolidated
statement of operations. As of June 30, 2008 the combined fair value of the three interest rate swaps was $(7.7) million compared to $(11.1) million at December 31, 2007.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
At
June 30, 2008, our liquidity position consisted of unrestricted cash balances of $43.4 million and restricted cash of $1.2 million. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, we funded margin calls aggregating $18.3 million and
$84.0 million, respectively. Such margin calls consisted of $18.3 million related to declines in estimated fair values of collateral during the three months ended June 30, 2008 and $63.2 million related to declines in estimated fair values of
collateral and $20.8 million related to lower advance rates on collateral during the six months ended June 30, 2008. Subsequent to June 30, 2008 through August 4, 2008, we funded additional margin calls of $9.5 million consisting of
$9.5 million related to changes in the estimated market value of collateral, primarily CMBS. As of August 4, 2008, unrestricted cash decreased to $38.4 million and borrowings on our repurchase agreements decreased to $100.6 million.
As reflected in our consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2008, net cash provided by operating activities was
$19.9 million.
The Company continues to seek means to create additional liquidity in this turbulent market environment including
classifying five of its remaining real estate loan investments as held for sale in order to provide additional potential sources of liquidity for general corporate purposes including debt repayment and acquisitions, among other uses, as well as
extending and/or replacing certain of its repurchase agreement facilities and evaluating other potential financing and capital raise options. We cannot provide any assurances that these plans individually or collectively will be accomplished.
Liquidity is a measurement of the ability to meet cash requirements, including ongoing commitments to repay borrowings, fund and maintain
loans and investments, pay dividends and other general business needs. Our principal sources of working capital and funds for additional investments primarily include: 1) cash flow from operations; 2) borrowings under our repurchase and credit
facilities; 3) our CDO offerings; 4) other forms of financing or additional securitizations including CMBS or subsequent CDO offerings; 5) proceeds from common or preferred equity offerings and, 6) the proceeds from principal payments on or sales of
our investments. We believe these sources of financing will be sufficient to meet our short-term liquidity needs. However, the general
63
market availability of short-term repurchase agreement financing for CMBS and real estate loan positions has declined during the second half of 2007 and
continued into 2008. This combined with the decline in estimated fair value of CMBS and real estate loan investments due primarily to spread widening has resulted in significant margin calls on our repurchase agreements during the second half of
2007 and 2008. Historically, our initial borrowings have been short-term, variable rate debt; however, we have financed and over time expect to continue to finance the majority of our assets on a long-term basis through match-funded CDO strategies.
Our CDO strategy is dependent upon our ability to place the match-funded debt we intend to create in the market at attractive borrowing spreads. If spreads for CDO liabilities widen or if demand for such liabilities ceases to exist, then our ability
to execute the CDO strategy will be severely restricted. At this time, the CDO market is essentially closed and as a result, extending the term of our short term financing facilities is very important to financing certain of our investments. We
expect that our cash flow provided by operations, proceeds from select asset sales, loan repayments and our current and anticipated financings will satisfy our liquidity needs over the next twelve months.
Currently, the market for short-term credit facilities is very challenging and many lenders are actively seeking to reduce their balances outstanding by
lowering advance rates on financed assets and increased borrowing costs, to the extent such facilities continue to be available. In the event we are unable to maintain existing and/or secure new lines of credit or collateralized financing on
favorable terms, our ability to successfully implement our investment strategy may be significantly impacted and returns to investors may be reduced. Although we anticipate extending and/or replacing our short-term financing facilities, in the event
our current short-term credit facilities are not extended or extended with lower advance rates on collateral, we may be required to sell assets to payoff such facilities which would likely reduce our earnings and operating cash flow.
We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements, specifically the repayment of debt and our investment funding needs, through additional
borrowings, the issuance of debt and equity securities and the sales or refinancing of our assets at maturity. We believe the value of these assets is, and will continue to be, sufficient to repay our debt at maturity under either scenario. Our
ability to meet our long-term liquidity requirements may be subject to obtaining additional equity and debt financing. Decisions by investors and lenders to enter into transactions with us will depend upon a number of factors, such as our historical
and projected financial performance, compliance with the terms of our current credit arrangements, industry and market trends, the availability of capital and our investors and lenders policies and rates applicable thereto, and the
relative attractiveness of alternative investment or lending opportunities.
Borrowings.
As of August 4, 2008, June 30,
2008 and December 31, 2007, repurchase agreement borrowings consisted of the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
August 4,
2008
|
|
June 30,
2008
|
|
December 31,
2007
|
Secured by CMBS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bear Stearns
|
|
$
|
14,143
|
|
$
|
15,033
|
|
$
|
77,350
|
JP Morgan
|
|
|
27,339
|
|
|
35,288
|
|
|
18,759
|
Secured by real estate loans
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
|
|
59,096
|
|
|
100,980
|
|
|
165,755
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
100,578
|
|
$
|
151,301
|
|
$
|
261,864
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Each of the repurchase agreement facilities is subject to margin calls based on fair market value
determinations of the underlying collateral.
In August 2007 and as subsequently amended in September 2007 and March 2008, we and one of
our wholly owned subsidiaries, respectively, entered into a repurchase agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (the JPMorgan Facility). This repurchase agreement provides financing up to $250.0 million to be secured by rated and unrated
CMBS and various types of real estate loans and is scheduled to terminate on August 22, 2008. This repurchase agreement is limited recourse (25% of the outstanding balance) to us. As of June 30, 2008, $35.3 million was outstanding under
the repurchase agreement at a weighted average borrowing rate of 4.0%, and CMBS investments with an estimated fair value of $57.7 million were pledged as collateral under this repurchase agreement.
In March 2007, we and one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, respectively, entered into a repurchase agreement with Liquid Funding, an affiliate of Bear
Stearns & Co. Inc., now a subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., which was subsequently amended in June 2007, with an available borrowing capacity of $150.0 million (the Liquid Funding Facility). In connection with the June
2007 amendments, we entered into a guaranty agreement with Liquid Funding. In March 2008, the Liquid Funding Facility was replaced by a new repurchase agreement with Bear Stearns (the Bear Stearns Facility) that provides available
borrowing capacity of
64
$25.0 million and matures in September 2008. At June 30, 2008, $15.0 million was outstanding under the Bear Stearns Facility at a weighted average
borrowing rate of 3.9% and CMBS investments with an estimated fair value of $33.2 million were pledged as collateral under this repurchase agreement.
We have recently agreed in principle on terms with JPMorgan related to the extension and consolidation of our CMBS repurchase agreements with JPMorgan and Bear Stearns. It is anticipated that the term of the facility
will be extended to August 2009 and require a partial paydown of outstanding borrowings due to lower advance rates and be fully recourse to us, among other items. We are in the process of completing final legal documentation of this agreement. In
the event we are unable to complete the extension and consolidation of these agreements, we may be required to sell assets at potentially unfavorable prices to pay-down outstanding borrowings.
In September 2006, we and one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, respectively, entered into a repurchase agreement with Goldman Sachs Mortgage Company
(Goldman Sachs Facility), which was subsequently amended in September 2007 and March 2008. The repurchase agreement is secured by various types of real estate loans and is scheduled to terminate on October 1, 2009. As part of the
March 2008 amendment, we will be required to pay a quarterly availability fee and the facility is fully recourse to us. In April 2008, we paid the first availability fee and paid down the facility by $11.9 million. During June 2008, we paid another
availability fee and repaid borrowings of $26.4 million under this repurchase agreement as a result of the sale of one of the loans pledged as collateral. At June 30, 2008, there was $101.0 million outstanding under the repurchase agreement at
a weighted average borrowing rate of 4.2% and real estate loans with a cost basis of $188.6 million and a carrying value of $141.9 million were pledged as collateral under this repurchase agreement.
Collateralized Debt Obligations.
On October 17, 2006, we issued our second CDO, or CDO II, through two of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, JER
CRE CDO 2006-2, Limited and JER CRE CDO 2006-2, LLC, collectively known as CDO II. CDO II is secured by $1.2 billion par value of collateral interests consisting of CMBS, mezzanine loan interests, first mortgage loan interests, Re-REMIC securities,
and real estate CDO securities. CDO II issued privately placed notes totaling $768.4 million rated AAA through BBB- (CDO II Investment Grade Notes). The Company purchased a portion of the CDO II Investment Grade Notes and retained all of
the non-investment grade notes and preferred shares. $708.3 million of CDO II Investment Grade Notes were issued to third parties consisting of $47.0 million of fixed rate notes with a weighted average interest rate of 5.8% and $661.3 million of
floating rate notes with a weighted average interest rate of LIBOR plus 62 basis points, excluding amortization of fees and expenses. The CDO II Investment Grade Notes have a remaining expected average maturity of 8.2 years at June 30, 2008.
CDO II has a replenishment collateral pool of up to $275.0 million that will allow replenishment of proceeds of real estate loans that are paid off within five years from the closing of the transaction, subject to the replenishment collateral
meeting certain criteria outlined in the CDO II indenture. We incurred $10.5 million of debt issuance costs, which were deferred and amortized on an effective yield basis over the life of CDO II through December 31, 2007. Pursuant to the
adoption of SFAS No. 159, such deferred debt issuance costs were written off and are part of the cumulative transition adjustment related to adopting SFAS No. 159. Unamortized debt issuance costs of $0 million and $9.5 million are included
as a component of deferred financing fees on the consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, we contributed no CMBS or real estate loan
interests as collateral to CDO II and received no mezzanine loan repayments on CDO II collateral. At June 30, 2008, the available replenishment pool balance was $1.0 million, which is reflected as restricted cash on our consolidated balance
sheets.
On January 16, 2008, Fitch Ratings announced that it had revised its surveillance review methodology for U.S. CMBS B-piece
resecuritizations and placed 188 tranches from 18 transactions on Rating Watch Negative, including 14 tranches within CDO II that were previously rated by Fitch Ratings. In April 2008, Fitch Ratings announced a downgrade to the rating of these
bonds. However, at this time, our investments that serve as collateral for CDO II generally continue to perform consistently with original underwriting.
In November 2005, we issued our first CDO, or CDO I, through two of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, JER CRE CDO 2005-1, Limited and JER CRE CDO 2005-1, LLC. CDO I is secured by a static pool of $418.7 million par value
of fixed rate subordinate CMBS. CDO I issued privately placed notes totaling $275.6 million rated AAA through BBB- (CDO I Investment Grade Notes). We retained a portion of the BBB- rated notes, all of the non-investment grade notes and
all of the preferred shares. Two of the CDO I Investment Grade Notes, totaling $119.2 million, were issued with floating rate coupons with a weighted average interest rate of LIBOR plus 39 basis points, excluding amortization of fees and expenses.
The remaining CDO I Investment Grade Notes totaling $147.0 million, net of the portion retained by the Company, were issued with fixed rate coupons with a weighted average interest rate of 6.0%, excluding amortization of fees and expenses. The
Investment Grade Notes have a remaining expected average maturity of 7.1 years at June 30, 2008. The Company incurred $4.3 million of debt issuance costs, which were deferred and are amortized on an effective yield basis over the life of CDO I
through December 31, 2007. Pursuant to the adoption of SFAS No. 159, such deferred debt issuance costs were written off and are part of the cumulative transition adjustment related to adopting SFAS No. 159. Unamortized debt issuance
costs of $0 and $3.5 million were included in deferred financing fees on our consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
The terms of both CDOs issued by us include coverage tests, including over-collateralization and interest coverage tests, used primarily to determine whether and to what extent principal and interest proceeds on the
underlying collateral debt securities and other
65
assets may be used to pay principal of and interest on the investment and non-investment grade notes in the applicable CDOs. In the event the coverage tests
are not satisfied, interest and principal that would otherwise be payable on the more junior notes may be re-directed to pay principal on the most senior notes. Therefore, failure to satisfy the coverage tests could adversely affect cash flows
received by us from our investment grade and non-investment grade notes of the CDOs and thereby our liquidity and operating results.
Through August 4, 2008, several ratings agencies have downgraded twenty-four individual CMBS bond classes across six CMBS deals that represent collateral for the CDO I and CDO II notes payable. Of these bonds, $98.0 million and $30.8
million of face amount were financed by CDO I and CDO II, respectively. Another three bonds held as collateral for CDO II have incurred realized losses on underlying real estate loan collateral. With respect to CDO I collateral, such downgrades do
not affect the over-collateralization test. With respect to CDO II, for purposes of the over-collateralization test, the majority of the face amount of these bonds, which are considered impaired collateral interests pursuant to the CDO II
indenture, is excluded from the numerator in such over- collateralization test. For CDO II, failure of the over-collateralization test occurs when the test falls below ranges between 100% and 140%, depending on the class of the notes payable. As of
June 30, 2008, CDO II continues to pass all coverage tests and results of the over-collateralization test ranged between 145% and 230%. As of June 30, 2008, CDO II could withstand another $310 million to $441 million of
additional increases to the face amount of impaired collateral interests, as defined in the CDO II indenture, before failing certain of the over-collateralization tests.
In the event the CDOs fail to satisfy the coverage tests, we may be required to post additional or replacement collateral to prevent expedited
amortization of the more senior notes payable issued by the CDOs. Upon a failure of the coverage test, all available cash flow below the respective class of notes payable will be redirected to pay down the most senior class of notes payable, which
would reduce the amount of cash distributed to us. As of June 30, 2008, none of the triggers were met that would cause expedited amortization to the investment grade notes payable of the respective CDO. In the event that the level of impaired
collateral interests, as defined in the applicable indenture, increases, the collateral administrator may prevent the CDO from failing the over-collateralization test by replacing certain collateral interests with collateral meeting the requirements
set forth in the CDO indenture and acceptable to the ratings agencies, among other options. However, there can be no assurance that acceptable replacement collateral could be identified and replaced in the applicable CDO trust.
Junior Subordinated Debentures.
On April 9, 2007, we issued $60.0 million of trust preferred securities through our unconsolidated
subsidiary, JERIT TS Statutory Trust I (the Trust), in a private transaction exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Concurrently, we issued $61.9 million in junior subordinated debentures to the Trust and
made a $1.9 million common equity investment in the Trust. The trust preferred securities have a 30-year term ending April 2037, are redeemable at par on or after April 30, 2012 and pay distributions at a fixed rate of 7.2%, excluding
amortization of fees and expenses, for the first five years ending April 2012, and, thereafter, at a floating rate of three month LIBOR plus 225 basis points, excluding amortization of fees and expenses. The assets of the Trust consist solely
of the $61.9 million of junior subordinated notes concurrently issued by us, with terms that mirror the trust preferred securities. We incurred $1.0 million of debt issuance costs, which were deferred and are amortized on an effective yield basis
over the life of the junior subordinated debentures. Unamortized debt issuance costs of $1.0 million are included as a component of deferred financing fees on the consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007,
respectively.
Our interest in the Trust is accounted for using the equity method and the assets and liabilities are not consolidated into
our financial statements due to our determination that the Trust is a variable interest entity under FIN46(R) and that we are not the primary beneficiary of the entity. Interest on the junior subordinated debentures, net of interest income on
our common equity interest in the Trust, is included in interest expense on our consolidated income statements while the junior subordinated debentures are presented as a liability on our consolidated balance sheet.
If we default in the payment of interest or principal on any debt, breach any representation or warranty in connection with any borrowing or violate any
covenant in any loan document, our lender may accelerate the maturity of such debt, requiring us to immediately repay all outstanding principal. If we are unable to make such payments, our lender could force us to sell our securities or foreclose on
our assets pledged as collateral to such lender. The lender could also force us into bankruptcy or bring other legal action against us. Any of these events would likely have a material adverse effect on the value of an investment in our common
stock. At June 30, 2008, we were in compliance with all covenants and requirements under our repurchase agreements, collateralized debt obligations, and junior subordinated debentures.
Dividends.
In order to qualify as a REIT and to avoid corporate level tax on the income we distribute to our stockholders, we are required to
distribute at least 90% of our ordinary taxable income and net capital gains on an annual basis. Certain of our investments, such as the subordinate CMBS investments, may generate substantial mismatches between taxable income and GAAP net income and
cash flow. In order to meet the requirement to distribute a substantial portion of our net taxable income, we may need to borrow, sell assets or raise additional equity capital. Additionally, we will need to raise additional capital that may be
dilutive or sell existing assets in order to acquire additional investments. We anticipate borrowing funds and/or raising additional equity capital to finance future investment activities, but there can be no assurance that we will be able to do so
on terms acceptable or available to us, if at all.
We intend to make regular quarterly distributions to the holders of our common stock
however historical dividends may not be representative of future dividends. Such regular quarterly dividends generally approximate the operating cash flow results from our
66
activities. Special dividends generally approximate our taxable income in excess of our operating cash flow results. The following table summarizes our
quarterly distributions in 2008 and 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quarter
|
|
Dividend
Type
|
|
Record Date
|
|
Declaration
Date
|
|
Payment
Date
|
|
Amount
|
First Quarter 2008
|
|
Regular
|
|
5/1/2008
|
|
4/18/2008
|
|
5/6/2008
|
|
$
|
0.30
|
Second Quarter 2008
|
|
Regular
|
|
6/30/2008
|
|
6/13/2008
|
|
7/31/2008
|
|
|
0.30
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0.60
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter 2007
|
|
Regular
|
|
3/30/2007
|
|
3/14/2007
|
|
4/30/2007
|
|
$
|
0.44
|
Second Quarter 2007
|
|
Regular
|
|
6/29/2007
|
|
6/13/2007
|
|
7/31/2007
|
|
|
0.45
|
Third Quarter 2007
|
|
Regular
|
|
9/28/2007
|
|
9/13/2007
|
|
10/31/2007
|
|
|
0.45
|
Fourth Quarter 2007
|
|
Regular
|
|
12/28/2007
|
|
12/12/2007
|
|
1/30/2008
|
|
|
0.45
|
Fourth Quarter 2007
|
|
Special
|
|
12/28/2007
|
|
12/12/2007
|
|
1/30/2008
|
|
|
0.65
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
2.44
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inflation.
We believe that the risk of increases in the market interest rates as a result
of inflation on any floating rate debt that we may invest in will be largely offset by our use of match funded financing which may include interest rate derivatives.
Contractual Obligations.
Purchase commitments and aggregate principal maturities of our repurchase agreements and notes payable at June 30, 2008 was as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Principal
Balance at
June 30, 2008
|
|
Weighted Avg.
Interest Rate
at June 30, 2008
|
|
|
Maturity
Dates of
Obligations
|
|
Purchase commitments
|
|
$
|
6,773
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repurchase agreements
|
|
$
|
151,301
|
|
4.1
|
%
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes payable
|
|
$
|
974,578
|
|
3.7
|
%
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Junior subordinated debentures
|
|
$
|
61,860
|
|
7.2
|
%
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
Maturity date represents the end of the Investment Period
(December 2008) for the U.S. Debt Fund. The timing and amount of capital calls are determined as necessary by the General Partner of the U.S. Debt Fund.
|
2
|
All repurchase agreements as of June 30, 2008 are scheduled to terminate at the earlier of (a) the closing by
the Company of its third collateralized debt obligation transaction or (b) October 1, 2009, (Goldman Sachs), August 22, 2008 (JP Morgan) or September 12, 2008 (Bear Stearns). We have recently agreed in principle on terms
with JPMorgan related to the extension and consolidation of our CMBS repurchase agreements with JPMorgan and Bear Stearns. It is anticipated that the term of the facility will be extended to August 2009 and require a partial paydown of outstanding
borrowings due to lower advance rates and be fully recourse to us, among other items. We are in the process of completing final legal documentation of this agreement.
|
3
|
The maturity dates of the notes payable are contingent upon
maturity of assets pledged as collateral and have a remaining expected average maturity of 7.1 years and 8.2 years for CDO I and CDO II, respectively, as of June 30, 2008.
|
4
|
The junior subordinated debentures have a 30-year term ending April 2037, are redeemable at par on or after
April 30, 2012 and pay distributions at a fixed rate of 7.2%, excluding amortization of fees and expenses for the first five years ending April 2012, and, thereafter, at a floating rate of three month LIBOR plus 2.25%, excluding amortization of
fees and expenses.
|
67
Related Party Transactions
Under the management agreement, our manager may engage J.E. Robert Company or its affiliates to perform certain legal, accounting, due diligence, asset management, securitization, property management, brokerage, loan
servicing, leasing and other services that outside professionals or outside consultants otherwise would perform on our behalf. J.E. Robert Company and its affiliates may be reimbursed or paid for the cost of performing such tasks, provided that such
costs and reimbursements are no greater than those that would be paid to outside professionals or consultants on an arms-length basis. Our manager is reimbursed for any expenses incurred in contracting with third parties. In addition, our
manager is responsible for all employment compensation of J.E. Robert Company personnel who perform services for us pursuant to the management agreement.
Under the management agreement and subject to the supervision and direction of the our board of directors, the manager performs services for us including the purchase, sale and management of real estate and other real
estate-related assets, our day-to-day management and the performance of certain administrative duties. For performing these services, we pay the manager a monthly base management fee in arrears equal to 1/12 of the sum of (i) 2.0% of the first
$400 million of our equity, (ii) 1.5% of equity in excess of $400 million and up to $800 million and (iii) 1.25% of equity in excess of $800 million. For purposes of calculating the base management fee, our equity equals the month-end
value, computed in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, of our stockholders equity, adjusted to exclude the effect of any unrealized gains, losses or other items that do not affect realized net income. The J.E. Robert
Company uses such proceeds, in part, to compensate officers and employees provided to us by J.E. Robert Company through our manager who, notwithstanding that certain of them also are our officers, receive no cash compensation directly from us. We
have in the past and may continue in the future, however, to award grants pursuant to the Incentive Plan to such officers and employees as well as officers and employees of J.E. Robert Company subject to the discretion of our compensation committee
and approval by our board of directors.
In addition, the manager is entitled to receive a quarterly incentive fee in an amount, not less
than zero, equal to the product of (i) 25% of the dollar amount by which (a) our funds from operations (as defined in the management agreement) for such quarter per share of Common Stock (based on the weighted average number of shares
outstanding for such quarter) exceeds (b) an amount equal to (A) the weighted average of the price per share of Common Stock in the 144A Offering, and the prices per share of Common Stock in any subsequent offerings by the Company
multiplied by (B) the greater of (1) 2.25% and (2) 0.875% plus one fourth of the ten-year U.S. treasury rate for such quarter, multiplied by (ii) the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during such
quarter. Funds From Operations, as defined in the management agreement, is net income (computed in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) before incentive compensation and including base management fees, excluding gains or losses
from debt restructuring and sales of property, plus depreciation and amortization on real estate assets, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures.
The following table summarizes our management and incentive fees for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months
Ended June 30,
|
|
Increase
(decrease)
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
Base management fees
|
|
$
|
1,874
|
|
$
|
1,850
|
|
$
|
24
|
|
Incentive fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
235
|
|
|
(235
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total management fees
|
|
$
|
1,874
|
|
$
|
2,085
|
|
$
|
(211
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At both June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, $1.2 million related to unpaid base
management fees are included in due to affiliate in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. There were no unpaid incentive fees at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
Our management agreement provides that we are required to reimburse our manager for certain general and administrative expenses incurred by our manager
on our behalf, including our pro rata share of overhead expenses of the manager required for our operations. In November 2006, retroactive to January 1, 2006, the independent members of the board of directors approved an amendment to the
management agreement to provide that the allocable overhead reimbursement will be fixed at an amount equal to $0.5 million per annum for 2006, and in each calendar year thereafter, subject to approval by the independent members of the board of
directors, $0.5 million multiplied by the sum of (a) one plus (b) the percentage increase in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for the applicable year over the CPI for the calendar year 2006. For both the three and six months
ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, overhead reimbursements were approximately $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Our manager may also be paid or reimbursed for the costs of providing other services that outside professionals or consultants
otherwise would provide on our behalf. If such services are
68
provided by the manager, the reimbursement for such services will be no greater than what management believes would be paid to outside professionals,
consultants, or other third parties on an arms length basis. In accordance with the provisions of the management agreement, we recorded no reimbursements for other services provided by the manager during the three months ended June 30,
2008 and 2007, and $21 and $17 during the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, which are included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Each CMBS securitization requires a special servicer be appointed by the purchaser controlling the most subordinated non-investment grade class of
securities. As our manager is not a rated special servicer, it appoints J.E. Robert Company or another entity that is a rated special servicer as the special servicer whenever we acquire a controlling interest in the most subordinated non-investment
grade class of a CMBS securitization. J.E. Robert Company earned $1.2 million and $1.1 million in fees as special servicer during the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and $2.5 million and $2.2 million during the six
months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. All fees due to J.E. Robert Company as special servicer are paid either by the securitization vehicles or the borrowers, not directly by us and such fees are consistent with traditional, well
established market standards and are set as part of the arms-length negotiations to acquire such CMBS bonds from the issuer. However, because we generally own the first loss position in these same CMBS issuances, payment of special servicing
fees to J.E. Robert Company may reduce the amounts available to pay us pursuant to the terms of the applicable CMBS trusts.
In connection
with CDO II, one of our wholly owned subsidiaries entered into a Collateral Administration Agreement with J.E. Robert Company, the Collateral Administrator, an affiliate of our manager, pursuant to which the Collateral Administrator has agreed to
advise our wholly owned subsidiary on certain matters regarding the collateral interests and other eligible investments securing the notes. The Collateral Administrator will receive two fees payable on a monthly basis, with the first fee equal to
1/12 of 0.075% of the Monthly Asset Amount, as defined in the CDO II indenture, and the second fee equal to 1/12 of 0.05% of the Monthly Asset Amount, as defined in the CDO II indenture, each fee payable with different priorities as set forth in the
applicable indenture. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, we incurred $0.4 million and $0.7 million, respectively, in collateral administration fees pursuant to the Collateral Administration Agreement and such fees are
included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. At both June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, $25 of unpaid collateral administration fees were unpaid and included in due to
affiliate in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. These collateral administration fee schedules within the collateral administration agreement were approved by the independent members of our board of directors.
On December 11, 2007, we and JER Fund IV, an investment fund managed by J.E. Robert Company, entered into a limited partnership agreement pursuant
to which we and JER Fund IV agreed to co-manage a new private equity fund, known as JER US Debt Co-Investment Vehicle, L.P. (the US Debt Fund). The California Public Employees Retirement System, CalPERs, committed $200.0 million
and we and JER Fund IV each committed $10.0 million to the US Debt Fund. As of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we have invested $3.2 million and $1.2 million, respectively, into the US Debt Fund which is reflected in investments in
unconsolidated joint ventures on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
The US Debt Fund will invest in loans secured, directly or
indirectly, by commercial real estate, including, B-Notes, mezzanine loans and whole mortgage loans, and also in preferred equity, CMBS and CMBS-related products such as CMBX and credit default swaps (the Targeted Investments). Excluded
investment from the US Debt Fund include non-performing loans, fee-simple ownership interests, single family residential mortgages and related securities (sub-prime, conforming, jumbo or Alt-A), whole loans originated directly by us or JER Fund IV,
and net leased real estate assets.
Targeted Investments that meet the investment guidelines of the US Debt Fund were allocated directly
and exclusively by J.E. Robert Company to the US Debt Fund until April 11, 2008. Thereafter, if the US Debt Fund is not fully invested or committed and through the earlier of December 11, 2008 or until 90% of the US Debt Funds
committed capital has been invested or otherwise committed, we and/or JER Fund IV will be permitted to share targeted investments with the US Debt Fund.
During the six months ended June 30, 2008, we did not invest in any CMBS or real estate loan investments where an affiliate of the manager held a controlling equity interest in the borrower. During the year ended
December, 2007, we invested in a first mortgage loan participation with a cost basis of $30.0 million and two mezzanine loan participations with an aggregate cost basis of $49.4 million where an affiliate of the manager held a controlling equity
interest in the borrower. During the year ended December 31, 2006, we invested in mezzanine loans totaling $65.0 million where an affiliate of the manager held a controlling equity interest in the borrower. The acquisition of these loans to
affiliated borrowers was approved by the independent members of our Board of Directors as required by our investment guidelines. During the six months ended June 30, 2008, we received repayments on loans to affiliated borrowers aggregating $7.5
million. At June 30, 2008, loans to affiliated entities had an unamortized cost basis of $122.4 million, an unpaid principal balance of $123.1 million and a carrying value of $109.2 million.
69
During the year ended December 31, 2005, we originated mezzanine loans with an affiliate of our
manager totaling $63.4 million. The ownership was allocated equally between us and the affiliated entity, with our share of the initial loans equal to $31.7 million. The loans were repaid in full in April 2008.
ITEM 3.
|
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK (Amounts are presented in thousands except for share and per share data and as otherwise noted)
|
Market Risk
. Market risk is the exposure to loss resulting from changes in interest rates, credit curve spreads,
foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and equity prices. The primary market risks to which we are exposed are interest rate risk and credit curve risk. Interest rate risk is highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental,
monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations and other factors beyond our control. Credit curve risk is highly sensitive to dynamics of the markets for commercial mortgage-backed securities and other
loans and securities we plan to invest in. Excessive supply of these assets combined with reduced demand will cause the market to require a higher yield. This demand for higher yield will cause the market to use a higher spread over the U.S.
Treasury securities yield curve, or other benchmark interest rates, to value these assets. Changes in the general level of the U.S. Treasury yield curve can have significant effects on the market value of our investment portfolio.
Our operating results depend substantially on the difference between the interest and related income earned on our interest-bearing assets and the
interest expense incurred in connection with our interest-bearing liabilities. Competition from other providers of real estate financing may lead to a decrease in the interest rate earned on our interest-earning assets, which we may not be able to
offset by obtaining lower interest costs on our borrowings. Changes in the general level of interest rates prevailing in the financial markets may affect the spread between our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Any
significant compression of the spreads between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities could have a material adverse effect on us. In addition, an increase in interest rates and/or credits spreads in the financial markets could,
among other things, reduce the value of our interest-earning assets and our ability to realize gains from the sale of such assets and result in increased margin calls on our short-term credit facilities, potentially requiring us to sell assets at a
loss, while a decrease in interest rates could reduce the average life of our interest-earning assets.
We may utilize a variety of
financial instruments, including interest rate swaps, caps, options, floors and other interest rate derivative contracts, in order to limit the effects of fluctuations in interest rates on our operations. We do not intend to utilize derivatives for
speculative or other purposes other than interest rate risk management. The use of these types of derivatives to hedge interest-earning assets and/or interest-bearing liabilities carries certain risks, including the risk that losses on a hedge
position will reduce the funds available for payments to holders of securities and that such losses may exceed the amount invested in such instruments. A hedge may not perform its intended purpose of offsetting losses. Moreover, with respect to
certain of the instruments used as hedges, we are exposed to the risk that the counterparties with which we trade may cease making markets and quoting prices in such instruments, which may render us unable to enter into an offsetting transaction
with respect to an open position. If we anticipate the income from any such hedging transaction will not be qualifying income for REIT income test purposes, we may conduct part or all of our hedging activities through a corporate subsidiary that
will be fully subject to federal corporate income taxation (a taxable REIT subsidiary). Our profitability may be adversely affected during any period as a result of changing interest rates.
70
Interest Rate Risk
. Interest rate sensitivity refers to the change in earnings and cash flows that
may result from changes in the level of interest rates. Our net interest income is affected by changes in various interest rates, primarily LIBOR and treasury rates. At June 30, 2008, our primary sensitivity to interest rates related to the
income we earned on a portion of our $335.5 million of floating rate real estate loans and the interest expense incurred on $931.9 million of floating rate indebtedness, all tied to LIBOR, resulting in net floating rate liabilities of $596.4
million. We have further mitigated our exposure to changes in interest rates by entering into pay-fixed interest rate swaps based on notional amounts in effect at June 30, 2008 of $662.3 million thereby reducing exposure to interest rate
fluctuations to approximately $65.9 million of net floating rate assets. The following table presents our pay-fixed interest rate swaps as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trade Date
|
|
Effective Date
|
|
Initial Notional
Balance
|
|
Notional Balance
at June 30, 2008
|
|
Ending Notional
Balance
|
|
Fair Value at
June 30, 2008
(4)
|
|
|
Fair Value at
December 31,
2007
|
|
|
Termination Date
|
|
Pay-Fixed
Interest
Rate
|
|
October 2005
|
|
November 2005
(1)
|
|
$
|
109,977
|
|
$
|
109,977
|
|
$
|
5,697
|
|
$
|
(4,036
|
)
|
|
$
|
(4,107
|
)
|
|
June 2015
|
|
4.9
|
%
|
September 2006
|
|
October 2006
(2)
|
|
|
386,324
|
|
|
340,047
|
|
|
219,929
|
|
|
(13,120
|
)
|
|
|
(12,860
|
)
|
|
August 2016
|
|
5.1
|
%
|
September 2006
|
|
October 2009
(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
80,071
|
|
|
(15
|
)
|
|
|
(1,056
|
)
|
|
August 2016
|
|
5.2
|
%
|
February 2007
|
|
October 2007
(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
46,277
|
|
|
85,024
|
|
|
(2,330
|
)
|
|
|
(3,719
|
)
|
|
October 2014
|
|
5.1
|
%
|
January 2007
|
|
November 2007
(3)
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
(5,715
|
)
|
|
|
(6,185
|
)
|
|
December 2016
|
|
5.3
|
%
|
February 2007
|
|
November 2007
(5)
|
|
|
45,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,079
|
)
|
|
June 2008
|
|
5.0
|
%
|
February 2007
|
|
November 2007
(3)
|
|
|
26,000
|
|
|
26,000
|
|
|
26,000
|
|
|
(1,160
|
)
|
|
|
(1,244
|
)
|
|
February 2017
|
|
5.1
|
%
|
March 2007
|
|
November 2007
(3)
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
(861
|
)
|
|
|
(1,631
|
)
|
|
January 2017
|
|
5.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
707,301
|
|
$
|
662,301
|
|
$
|
556,721
|
|
$
|
(27,237
|
)
|
|
$
|
(32,881
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
Swap related to our CDO I financing and is reflected at fair value with the change in value subsequent to
December 31, 2007 recorded in other gains (losses) on the consolidated statement of operations due to our election to account for this swap using the FVO effective January 1, 2008.
|
(2)
|
Swaps related to our CDO II financing and is reflected at fair value with the change in value subsequent to
December 31, 2007 recorded in other gains (losses) on the consolidated statement of operations due to our election to account for these swaps using the FVO effective January 1, 2008.
|
(3)
|
Swaps related to our current and future anticipated financings were intended to hedge future long-term floating rate
debt and is not considered probable as of June 30, 2008 and as a result, the fair value at June 30, 2008 of $(7.7) million has been recorded in other gains (losses) in the consolidated statement of operations during the three and six
months ended June 30, 2008.
|
(4)
|
The settlement amount of our interest rate swap liabilities was $(30.7) million as of June 30, 2008. This liability
is partially offset by a $3.5 million credit valuation adjustment driven by the SFAS No. 157 requirement to incorporate a valuation adjustment for our and our counter partys credit rating to arrive at fair value.
|
(5)
|
In connection with the sale of the real estate loan in June 2008 and repayment of the related floating rate financing,
the Company terminated a swap with an initial notional balance of $45.0 million and paid swap termination costs of $1.4 million.
|
At June 30, 2008, our interest rate swaps substantially mitigate the impact of an interest rate increase on our net earnings and cash flow. As a result of and due to floating rates on our real estate loans certain, CDO notes payable
and repurchase agreement borrowings, changes in interest rates will generally impact our net income. All of our floating rate assets and liabilities are tied to LIBOR or the applicable base rate and some are subject to certain caps, floors or other
limitations. The following table shows the estimated change in net income for a 12-month period based on changes in the applicable LIBOR rates applied to floating rate assets, liabilities and interest rate swaps outstanding as of June 30, 2008;
|
|
|
|
|
LIBOR Rate Change
(Basis Points)
|
|
Estimated Increase
(Decrease) in Net
Income Over 12 Months
at June 30, 2008
(1)
(2)
|
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
-200
|
|
$
|
(747
|
)
|
-100
|
|
|
(374
|
)
|
100
|
|
|
373
|
|
200
|
|
|
1,034
|
|
(1)
|
Estimated increased (decrease) in net income over next twelve
months does not consider the impact of SFAS No. 159 adoption, effective January 1, 2008.
|
71
(2)
|
Estimated increase (decrease) in net income over the next twelve
months considering the impact of the July 2008 repayment of $40.8 million of repurchase agreement borrowings and the July 2008 termination of $60.0 million notional of interest rate swaps would be $(363), $(182), $182 and $649, respectively for a
-200, -100, 100 and 200 basis point change in LIBOR.
|
Interest rate changes may also affect the fair value of our CMBS
investments, real estate loans and derivatives. We have not entered into derivative transactions designed to hedge changes in fair value.
Credit Risk
. Our portfolio of commercial real estate loans and securities is subject to a high degree of credit risk. Credit risk is the exposure to loss from debtor defaults. Default rates are subject to a wide variety of factors,
including, but not limited to, property performance, property management, supply and demand factors, construction trends, consumer behavior, regional economics, interest rates, the strength of the Unites States economy and other factors beyond our
control.
All loans are subject to some probability of default. We underwrite our CMBS investments assuming the underlying loans will
suffer some dollar amount of defaults and the defaults will lead to some level of realized losses. Loss adjusted yields are computed based on these assumptions and applied to each class of security supported by the cash flow on the underlying loans.
The most significant variables affecting loss adjusted yields include, but are not limited to, the number of defaults, the severity of loss that occurs subsequent to a default and the timing of the actual loss. The different rating levels of CMBS
will react differently to changes in these assumptions. The lowest rated securities are generally more sensitive to changes in timing of actual losses. The higher rated securities are more sensitive to the severity of losses.
We generally assume that substantially all of the principal of a non-rated security will not be recoverable over time. The timing and the amount of the
loss of principal are the key assumptions to determine the economic yield of these securities. Timing is of paramount importance because we will assume substantial losses of principal on the non-rated securities, therefore the longer the principal
balance remains outstanding the more interest the holder receives to support a greater economic return. Alternatively, if principal is lost faster than originally assumed, there is less opportunity to receive interest and a lower return or loss may
result.
If actual principal losses on the underlying loans exceed assumptions, the higher rated securities will be affected more
significantly as a loss of principal may not have been assumed. We expect that most if not all principal will be recovered with respect to classes rated B or higher.
We manage credit risk through the underwriting process, establishing loss assumptions and monitoring of loan performance. Before acquiring a controlling class security (represented by a majority ownership interest in
the most subordinate tranche) in a proposed pool of loans, we perform a rigorous analysis of all of the proposed underlying loans. Information from this review is then used to establish loss assumptions. We assume that some portion of the loans will
default and calculate an expected or loss adjusted yield based on that assumption. After the securities have been acquired, we monitor the performance of the loans, as well as external factors that may affect their value.
Factors that indicate a higher loss severity or acceleration of the timing of an expected loss will cause a reduction in the expected yield and therefore
reduce our earnings. Furthermore, we may be required to write down a portion of the accreted cost basis of the affected assets through a charge to income in the event that the investment is considered impaired.
We will also invest in commercial real estate loans, primarily mezzanine loans, bridge loans, B-notes, loans to real estate companies, whole mortgage
loans, first mortgage participations and net leased real estate. Although we have not to date, we may also invest in residential mortgages and related securities. These investments will be subject to credit risk. The extent of our credit risk
exposure will be dependent on risks associated with commercial and residential real estate. Property values and net operating income derived from such properties are subject to volatility and may be affected adversely by a number of factors,
including, but not limited to, national, regional and local economic conditions (which may be adversely affected by industry slowdowns and other factors); local real estate conditions (such as an oversupply of housing, retail, industrial, office or
other commercial space); changes or continued weakness in specific industry segments; construction quality, age and design; demographic factors; retroactive changes to building or similar codes; and increases in operating expenses (such as energy
costs). In the event a borrowers net operating income decreases, the borrower may have difficulty repaying our loans, which could result in losses to us. In addition, decreases in property values reduce the value of the collateral and the
potential proceeds available to a borrower to repay our loans, which could also cause us to suffer losses.
Recent Events
Real Estate Loan Repayments
In
July 2008, we sold a fixed rate real estate loan classified as held for sale with a face amount of $65.0 million for proceeds of $54.8 million. Proceeds from the sale of this loan were used to pay down $40.8 million in related repurchase agreement
borrowings and $4.0 million of swap termination costs. The $50.8 million of proceeds, net of swap termination costs, compares to a net carrying value of the loan and swap of $50.8 million on June 30, 2008.
72
Subsequent to June 30, 2008 and through August 4, 2008, we received $0.8 million of aggregate
repayments on real estate loans.
Financing
In connection with the real estate loan sale in July 2008, we paid down $40.8 million of outstanding repurchase agreement borrowings related to this loan.
Subsequent to June 30, 2008 through August 4, 2008, we funded margin calls of $9.5 million related to changes in the estimated market value of
collateral, primarily CMBS.
Other
On July 31, 2008, we paid dividends of $7.8 million, or $0.30 per share of common stock, to shareholders of record on June 30, 2008.
ITEM 4.
|
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
|
(a)
Evaluation of
Disclosure Control and Procedures.
An evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e)) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as of
the end of the period covered by this annual report on Form 10-K was made under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based upon this evaluation, our Chief
Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (a) are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act
is timely recorded, processed, summarized and reported and (b) include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed under or submitted under the Securities
Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
(b)
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.
There have not been any changes in the Companys internal control over financial reporting (as
such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act), during the quarter ended June 30, 2008 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Companys internal control over
financial reporting.
73
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.
|
Legal Proceedings
|
The Company is not a party to
any legal proceedings
There have been no material changes
to the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
ITEM 2.
|
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
|
None
ITEM 3.
|
Defaults Upon Senior Securities
|
None
ITEM 4.
|
Submission of Matters to Vote of Security Holders
|
None
ITEM 5.
|
Other Information
|
None
|
|
|
Exhibit
Number
|
|
Description
|
|
|
31.1
|
|
Certification of Chief Executive Officer.
|
|
|
31.2
|
|
Certification of Chief Financial Officer.
|
|
|
32.1
|
|
Section 302 Certification of Chief Executive Officer.
|
|
|
32.2
|
|
Section 302 Certification of Chief Financial Officer.
|
74
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned thereunto duly authorized:
|
|
|
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC
(Registrant)
|
|
|
By:
|
|
/s/ Joseph E. Robert, Jr.
|
Name:
|
|
Joseph E. Robert, Jr.
|
Title:
|
|
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board
|
Date:
|
|
August 11, 2008
|
|
|
By:
|
|
/s/ J. Michael McGillis
|
Name:
|
|
J. Michael McGillis
|
Title:
|
|
Chief Financial Officer
|
Date:
|
|
August 11, 2008
|
75
Jer Trust (NYSE:JRT)
Graphique Historique de l'Action
De Mai 2024 à Juin 2024
Jer Trust (NYSE:JRT)
Graphique Historique de l'Action
De Juin 2023 à Juin 2024