Cornerstone Capital Resources Inc. (“Cornerstone” or “the
Company”) (TSXV:CGP) (OTC:CTNXF)
(FWB:GWN1) is pleased to announce
the results of the Pre-Feasibility Study (“PFS”) for the Cascabel
copper-gold porphyry joint venture project in northern Ecuador in
which Cornerstone has a 15% interest financed through to completion
of a feasibility study and repayable out of Cornerstone’s share of
project earnings, plus 6.85% of the shares of joint venture partner
and Project operator SolGold Plc (“SolGold”), for a total direct
and indirect interest in Cascabel of 20.8%.
The PFS confirms the Cascabel project’s
potential to be a large, low-cost, and long-life mining operation
that is based on achievable, proven, and tested mining and
processing assumptions. Once constructed, Cascabel is expected to
be a top 201 South American copper & gold mine benefiting from
a high-grade core, advantageous infrastructure and an increasingly
investor friendly government. The mine is expected to produce a
clean copper-gold-silver concentrate expected to be sold to Asian
and European smelters.
Figures referenced in this news release can be viewed through
the following link:
https://cornerstoneresources.com/site/assets/files/5846/nr22-09figures.pdf.
HIGHLIGHTS
- Estimated
US$5.2bn pre-tax Net Present Value (“NPV”) and 25.3% Internal Rate
of Return (“IRR”)
- Estimated
US$2.9bn after-tax NPV, 19.3% IRR and 4.7 year payback period from
start of processing2, 3, 4, 5
- After-tax NPV
would be US$4.1bn (US$7.9bn pre-tax) and IRR 23.4% (30.5% pre-tax)
at current spot commodity prices6
- Estimated
average production7 of 132ktpa of copper, 358kozpa of gold and
1Mozpa of silver – 212ktpa copper equivalent (“CuEq”)8 – with peak9
copper production of 210ktpa (391ktpa CuEq8)
- Initial project
Life-of-Mine (“LOM”) All-In-Sustaining Cost (“AISC”) of US$0.06/lb
of copper, placing Cascabel well within the first decile of the
copper industry cost curve1
- On achieving
nameplate capacity, average of approximately 190ktpa of copper,
680kozpa of gold and 1.3Mozpa of silver (>330ktpa CuEq8) over
initial 5 years at an average negative AISC of US$(1.38)/lb
- Estimated
pre-production capital expenditure of US$2.7bn for the initial cave
development, first process plant module and infrastructure
- Initial Mineral
Reserve of 558Mt containing 3.3Mt Cu @ 0.58%, 9.4Moz Au @ 0.52g/t
and 30Moz Ag @ 1.65g/t over an initial 26-year mine life
- Potential mine
life upside in excess of 50 years following initial LOM10
- Annual after-tax
free cash flow (“FCF”) to average US$740m5, 7, peaking at over
US$1.6bn5, 9
- Average annual
EBITDA11 of nearly US$1.2bn5, 7, peaking at over US$2.4bn5, 9
- Additional
optimizations being progressed for a PFS Addendum planned for
completion in H2 CY22
- Cascabel project
Definitive Feasibility Study (“DFS”) planned for completion in H2
CY23
- SolGold will
host a PFS presentation on 20 April 2022 at 9:30am London time.
Please register at:
https://www.investormeetcompany.com/solgold-plc/register-investor
Cornerstone CEO, Brooke Macdonald, commented:
“The PFS confirms the
great potential of the Alpala deposit which we view as a step
towards daylighting value across the entire Cascabel concession. We
undoubtedly believe that Cascabel is a multi-generational asset
with strong cash flow generation potential. The PFS supports our
view that Cornerstone’s 20.8% strategic direct and indirect stake
in Cascabel is extremely valuable.”
SolGold's MD & CEO, Darryl Cuzzubbo, commented on the
PFS:
“I am extremely
pleased to announce the results of the pre-feasibility study for
the proposed Cascabel mine in Ecuador. In essence, it supports what
we have believed all along – that this project is no ordinary
mining asset. Cascabel will be a significant, multi-decade and very
low cost producer of copper that can help enable Ecuador’s
emergence as the next copper frontier at a time when the world
needs copper the most as we transition to a net zero carbon
emissions future.
This project is
economically attractive and based upon assumptions that we believe
can be delivered upon. There is further upside that will be
explored over the coming months and the next phase of the project
as we seek the necessary Government approvals to move into early
works and execution.
Such a project will
create over 6,000 indirect and direct jobs, and bring significant
royalty and tax revenue benefiting all Ecuadorians.”
SolGold's Chair of the Cascabel Project Steering Committee,
Keith Marshall, commented on the PFS:
“I am very encouraged
with the pre-feasibility study. It offers, what I consider to be, a
robust but flexible solution for the development of the underground
mine at Cascabel. The study focused on the “right sizing” of the
project, with the objective of reducing the technical and execution
risk. It also provides a straightforward approach to mining the
deposit that optimizes selectivity, without compromising any of the
resource and maintaining optionality.
I am confident that
the study lays the solid groundwork for the next steps in the
Cascabel project. I am particularly looking forward to progressing
the study work and being able to expand our operational activities
in Ecuador.”
SolGold's Director and former CEO, Nick Mather, commented on the
PFS:
“The various upsides
at Cascabel offered by additional mineralized porphyry systems
still being outlined and assessed, potential for additional
production and treatment plant capacity, refinements to the mine
plan, continued low cost of capital and what I see as the
opportunity for long run higher copper prices as the world
electrifies, suggest that this project indeed has considerable
further upside to be evaluated.”
SUMMARY OF CASCABEL PFS RESULTS
Economic Evaluation
The PFS investigated multiple scenarios to
identify an initial base case to take forward, with additional
resources and upside to be investigated, supporting the next phase
optimizations, and confirming the application of block cave mining
to the Alpala underground resource.
Attractive initial cave project, potentially
delivering:
- Initial 26-year
operating life and 25Mtpa process plant throughput
- Total ore
production of 558Mt, containing 3.3Mt Cu, 9.4Moz Au and 30Moz
Ag
- Process plant
producing 2.8Mt Cu, 7.6Moz Au and 21.7Moz Ag over the initial 26
year life of the project
- Average annual
production in five years following initial cave ramp up of 190ktpa
Cu, 680kozpa Au and 1.3Mozpa Ag
- Average annual
production7 for initial cave of 132ktpa Cu, 358kozpa Au and
1.0Mozpa Ag
- AISC of
US$0.06/lb Cu over the initial 26 year mine project
- Estimated
initial capital expenditure of US$2.7bn for the initial cave
development, first process plant module and infrastructure
- Payback of 4.7
years from start of operations
- After-tax NPV
and IRR of US$2.9bn and 19.3%, respectively
An initial Mineral Reserve estimate for the
Cascabel project of 558Mt, with 0.58% Cu, 0.52 g/t Au and 1.65 g/t
Ag for 3.3Mt Cu, 9.4Moz Au and 30Moz Ag.
Exploration success and future potential with
unexplored areas identified for future drilling and extension of
additional reported resources.
The PFS underpins the Mineral Reserve estimate
and further optimizations of the mine and process plant are
expected to deliver additional value.
The availability of low-cost hydropower, on site
water resources, the use of targeted underground mining, process
plant configuration, the potential use of an electric mining fleet,
concentrate transport via a pipeline are expected to deliver a
lower carbon footprint compared to projects which do not have these
benefits.
The Cascabel project DFS is planned for completion in H2 CY23,
with additional optimizations including:
- Further investigations into process
plant feed rates, including additional resources such as the
Tandayama-Ameríca resource
- Capital cost reduction
opportunities
- Alpala underground mine design
optimization, mine sequence and scheduling, application of macro
blocks
- Process plant design optimization,
following additional test work
- Hydropower project development
See Table 1 on next page for an economic and operating summary
of the PFS.
Key PFS outcomes (100% project basis; US$ million
unless otherwise noted) |
BaseCase |
AET – 2 12 |
SpotPrices
6 |
Economic assumptions |
Copper (US$/lb) |
3.60 |
4.20 |
4.74 |
Gold (US$/oz) |
1,700 |
1,933 |
1,933 |
|
Silver (US$/oz) |
19.9 |
24.5 |
24.5 |
|
Government royalty rate |
3% (base & precious metals) |
|
Ecuador tax rates13 |
15% profit share / 25% corporate |
Production |
Throughput |
25 Mtpa |
|
Initial project LOM |
26 years |
|
Total ore mined |
558 Mt |
|
Average copper grade / recovery |
0.58% / 87.1% |
|
Average gold grade / recovery |
0.52 g/t / 72.1% |
|
Average silver grade / recovery |
1.65 g/t / 65.7% |
|
Total CuEq produced8 |
4.5 Mt |
|
Total copper produced |
2.8 Mt |
|
Total gold produced |
7.6 Moz |
|
Total silver produced |
21.7 Moz |
|
Annual CuEq production (peak/average)7, 8, 9, 14 |
391 kt / 212 kt |
|
Annual copper production (peak/average)7, 9, 14 |
210 kt / 132 kt |
|
Annual gold production (peak/average)7, 9, 14 |
829 koz / 358 koz |
|
Annual silver production (peak/average)7, 9, 14 |
1.4 Moz / 1.0 Moz |
Capital |
Pre-production |
$2,746 |
|
Post-production |
$2,136 |
Operating |
Average net cash cost (US$/lb Cu) |
(0.40) |
(0.66) |
(0.63) |
|
Average AISC (US$/lb Cu) |
0.06 |
(0.20) |
(0.17) |
Financials |
Pre-tax NPV (8%) |
$5,241 |
$6,915 |
$7,862 |
|
Pre-tax IRR |
25.3% |
28.8% |
30.5% |
|
After-tax NPV (8%) |
$2,907 |
$3,781 |
$4,083 |
|
After-tax IRR |
19.3% |
22.2% |
23.4% |
|
Capital payback period |
4.7 years |
4.3 years |
4.2 years |
|
Total FCF generation |
$14,413 |
$16,080 |
$16,278 |
|
Average annual FCF |
$740 |
$856 |
$863 |
|
Average annual FCF (first 5yrs post ramp-up) |
$1,345 |
$1,575 |
$1,699 |
|
Total EBITDA |
$24,003 |
$29,178 |
$32,249 |
|
Average annual EBITDA |
$1,156 |
$1,396 |
$1,540 |
|
Average annual EBITDA (first 5yrs post ramp-up) |
$2,040 |
$2,419 |
$2,622 |
Table 1: Economic and operating summary
An accelerated energy transition (“AET”) would
increase copper demand growth with a faster uptake of electric
vehicles and renewable energy generation, both industries having
high copper intensities. The Cascabel project concentrate is
expected to be a clean high value concentrate, with low levels of
deleterious elements, sought after by smelters globally. Wood
Mackenzie’s AET-2 long-term copper price forecast is US$4.20/lb and
is based on projections that conform to a 2-degree or lower global
warming scenario. At this price, and assuming current spot prices
for gold and silver, SolGold estimates an after-tax project NPV of
US$3.8bn and 22% IRR.
Project Description
Cascabel is located in northern Ecuador
approximately three hours’ drive north of Quito, the capital city
of Ecuador. Access is via sealed highways through the closest major
centre of Ibarra, located approximately 80 km south of the
property. Infrastructure in the region and throughout Ecuador is
generally of a high standard, with excellent road access, power,
and water sources readily available in the local area.
The PFS process commenced in 2020 with a
revision to scope in 2021 to investigate the ‘right’ capacity block
cave for the Alpala underground, and corresponding right sizing and
expansion of the process plant to suit. Extension opportunities,
alternate mine access methods and tailings storage facility options
were also considered during the PFS.
The block cave will be mined with Load Haul and
Dump equipment to one of two primary crushing stations on the
trucking level. Both diesel and battery electric vehicles (“BEV”)
were assessed during the PFS, including the potential benefits for
mine ventilation requirements. For the PFS the block cave design
was based on diesel vehicles in all applications except BEV for the
production trucking loop. Further investigations for
electrification are proposed in the DFS.
Mineral Resource Estimate
(“MRE”)15
The Alpala porphyry copper-gold-silver deposit,
at a cut-off grade of 0.21% CuEq, comprises 2,663 Mt at 0.53%
CuEq16 in the Measured plus Indicated categories, which includes
1,192 Mt at 0.72% CuEq in the Measured category and 1,470 Mt at
0.37% CuEq in the Indicated category. The Inferred category
contains an additional 544 Mt at 0.31% CuEq.
The MRE comprises a contained metal content of
9.9 Mt Cu and 21.7 Moz Au in the Measured plus Indicated
categories, which includes 5.7 Mt Cu and 15.0 Moz Au in the
Measured category, and 4.2 Mt Cu and 6.6 Moz Au in the Indicated
category. The Inferred category contains an additional 1.3 Mt Cu
and 1.9 Moz Au.
Cut-off grade |
Mineral Resource category |
Mt |
Grade |
Contained metal |
CuEq(%) |
Cu(%) |
Au(g/t) |
Ag(g/t) |
CuEq(Mt) |
Cu(Mt) |
Au(Moz) |
Ag(Moz) |
0.21% |
Measured |
1,192 |
0.72 |
0.48 |
0.39 |
1.37 |
8.6 |
5.7 |
15.0 |
52.4 |
Indicated |
1,470 |
0.37 |
0.28 |
0.14 |
0.84 |
5.5 |
4.2 |
6.6 |
39.8 |
Measured + Indicated |
2,663 |
0.53 |
0.37 |
0.25 |
1.08 |
14.0 |
9.9 |
21.7 |
92.2 |
Inferred |
544 |
0.31 |
0.24 |
0.11 |
0.61 |
1.7 |
1.3 |
1.9 |
10.6 |
Planned dilution |
5 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Table 2: Cascabel project Alpala underground
mineral resource estimate.
Notes:
- Mrs. Cecilia Artica, SME Registered Member, Principal Geology
Consultant of Mining Plus, is responsible for this Mineral Resource
statement and is an "independent Qualified Person" as such term is
defined in NI 43-101.
- The Mineral Resource is reported using a cut-off grade of 0.21%
CuEq calculated using [copper grade (%)] + [gold grade (g/t) x
0.613].
- The Mineral Resource is considered to have reasonable prospects
for eventual economic extraction by underground mass mining such as
block caving.
- Mineral Resources are not Mineral Reserves and do not have
demonstrated economic viability.
- The statement uses the terminology, definitions and guidelines
given in the CIM Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral
Reserves (May 2014) as required by NI 43-101.
- MRE is reported on a 100 percent basis within an optimized
shape.
- Figures may not compute due to rounding.
Mineral Reserve Estimate
The Mineral Reserves have been estimated for a block caving
method and take into account the effect of mixing of indicated
material with dilution from low grade or barren material
originating from within the caved zone and the overlying cave
backs. The initial Mineral Reserve represents only 21% of Measured
and Indicated Resources tonnes and approximately 38% of contained
metal.17
Mineral Reserve category |
Mt |
Grade |
Contained metal |
Cu(%) |
Au(g/t) |
Ag(g/t) |
Cu(Mt) |
Au(Moz) |
Ag(Moz) |
Probable |
558 |
0.58 |
0.52 |
1.65 |
3.26 |
9.37 |
30 |
Total |
558 |
0.58 |
0.52 |
1.65 |
3.26 |
9.37 |
30 |
Table 3: Cascabel project Alpala underground
mineral reserve estimate.
Notes:
- Effective date of the Mineral Reserves is 31 March 2022.
- Only Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources were used to
report Probable Mineral Reserves.
- Mineral Reserve reported above were not additive to the Mineral
Resource and are quoted on a 100% project basis.
- The Mineral Reserve is based on the 18 March 2020 Mineral
Resource.
- Totals may not match due to rounding.
- The statement uses the terminology, definitions and guidelines
given in the CIM Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral
Reserves (May 2014) as required by NI 43-101.
- The Mineral Reserve Estimate as of 31 March 2022 for Alpala was
independently verified by Aaron Spong FAusIMM CP (Min) who is a
full-time employee of Mining Plus. Mr Spong fulfils the
requirements to be a “Qualified Person” for the purposes of NI
43-101 and is the Qualified Person under NI 43-101 for the Mineral
Reserve.
Mining
Access to the Alpala underground mine is
expected to be via twin declines commencing from a boxcut located
near the surface and the first lift near the 300mRL. Mining is
planned to be a Block Caving mining method, whilst all horizontal
development will be undertaken utilising conventional drill and
blast practices. The vertical development for the main ventilation
rises will be excavated using blind sinking methods.
Mine production design for the block cave
incorporated findings from detailed geotechnical and
hydrogeological assessments, to determine the height of draw based
on recommended draw bell spacing. Lower grade draw points on the
west of the footprint were included in preference to those in the
east to generate a smaller span option. Current geotechnical
guidelines inform to commencing the cave on the eastern side,
expanding to the west, causing a small delay in higher grade draw
points in the centre.
Initial access to the footprint will be via an
early access blind sunk shaft to the southwest of the deposit. This
will link to a twin decline mined from the north of the deposit
with a portal adjacent to the process plant. In the longer term the
decline will be the main access path.
The shaft is used to gain early access to the
footprint, where it is used to mine long lead time excavations on
the footprint, primarily the crusher chamber and access to the
collection chamber under the crusher chamber.
The declines are accessed from two separate
portals. The second portal location is for the conveyor only,
located in proximity to the process plant location. The first
portal is located further to the south to reduce the critical path
distance to the footprint. An overview concept of the lateral and
vertical accesses is shown in Figure 1.
The portals are located in a boxcut
approximately 3,000m from the orebody. They have been positioned in
close proximity to major surface infrastructure including the
processing plant due to the nature of the surrounding terrain. It
allows a direct route for the ore to the processing plant without
the requirement to build surface haulage routes in mountainous
terrain. This eliminates material handling issues that would be
apparent if the portals were located elsewhere.
The mine design has been developed to enable all
infrastructure including the primary crushers to be off set from
the cave abutment zone in accordance with geotechnical
recommendations. The infrastructure design in this PFS has assumed
loader tramming from drawpoint to ore pass, to loadout stations for
a truck haulage loop, terminating at the tip points for the crusher
feed bin/s, located outside the caving zone (Figure
2).
In addition to the initial access shaft and the
access and conveyor declines, the PFS design includes shafts for
ventilation. Each of these shafts is designed to suit the
ventilation requirements for the steady-state operating mine. The
early access shaft will also become a source of fresh air intake
once all early access requirements are completed, and the decline
development reaches the footprint.
Sufficient refuge chambers will be located in
disused stockpiles and cuddies to accommodate the number of
personnel working underground (expected to be highest during the
construction phase when mechanical/civil works are being undertaken
to install the materials handling system in addition to underground
miners).
The twin decline provides a second means of
egress, with the early access shaft another potential egress
method. During the development of the footprint, small boxholed
escapeway rises may be required between the undercut and extraction
levels depending on the schedule.
Process Plant (Figures 3 &
4)
The crushed ore from the underground primary
crushers will be conveyed to the surface and fed to the secondary
crushing circuit. The product from the secondary crushing area will
be conveyed to the fine ore stockpile, and subsequently reclaimed
to the high-pressure grinding rolls (“HPGR”) circuit. The product
from the HPGR circuit will report to a grinding circuit consisting
of ball mills, each operating in closed circuit with a hydrocyclone
cluster.
The ground product will report to conventional
rougher flotation. The rougher concentrate will be reground using
stirred mills and will be subsequently upgraded within the cleaner
flotation circuit to produce a saleable flotation concentrate.
Cleaner flotation tailings are further processed through
conventional flotation cells to recover gold and silver contained
within pyrite. Pyrite concentrate is thickened and subjected to a
conventional cyanide leach/carbon in pulp ("CIP”) extraction
followed by an Anglo American Research Laboratory (“AARL”) gold
recovery circuit. Sludge electrowinning cells recover gold and
silver from eluate for smelting to doré bars in the gold room.
The flotation concentrate will be thickened
using a high-rate thickener and then pumped via a pipeline to the
Esmeraldas port facility. Two tailings streams will be produced
from the flotation circuit, namely the rougher tailings and the
cleaner scavenger (or pyrite) tailings, requiring disposal within
the tailings storage facility (“TSF”). These tailings streams will
be thickened separately using high-rate thickeners prior to
independent pumping to, and disposal to at the TSF. The TSF design
is based on regulatory and best practice standards and guidelines,
including ANCOLD 2019 and the Global Industry Standard on Tailings
Management established by The International Council on Mining and
Metals (“ICMM”), the United Nations Environment Programme (“UNEP”)
and the Principles for Responsible Investment (“PRI”).
The concentrate slurry will be received by an
additional thickening stage at the Port facility. The concentrate
will then be dewatered using Larox continuous cloth vertical tower
filters. The resulting filter cake will be stockpiled within a
covered facility until reclaimed for seaborne transportation.
Process water will be recycled from the
thickener overflows and supplemented with treated water from the
underground mine. Additional make-up water to the process water
system will be provided from the raw water supply drawn from the
on-site catchment dam. Raw water will be also used for potable
water production, gland seal service for the slurry pumps, cooling
water make-up, reagent preparation, and fire water supply.
Indicative Production Profile (Figure 5
& 6)
Following mining optimization studies, the
production profile for the Cascabel project is based on a process
plant nameplate capacity of 25Mtpa from the underground block cave
at the Alpala deposit. The project is expected to reach nameplate
capacity in the fourth year from the start of process plant
operations with first ore expected in mid-2029.
Initial process plant production totalling 2.8Mt
of copper, 7.6Moz of gold and 21.7Moz of silver.
The PFS mine plan targets the Alpala high grade
core with copper grades expected to average over 0.75% (~1.35%
copper equivalent) over the first 10 years of production.
Metal recoveries to the copper gold flotation
concentrate are based on equations fitted to the locked cycle test
work (“LCT”) results and in general indicate good to very good fits
of the data.
Copper concentrate grade is based on mass
recovery to concentrate and copper recovery to concentrate.
Metal recoveries to doré are estimated based on
limited test work results. Whilst the pyrite concentrate is
amenable to cyanidation, but further test work is required to
further define the metal recovery to the pyrite concentrate and the
metal recoveries to doré.
Capital Cost Estimate
The capital cost estimate meets the requirements
for a pre-feasibility Study consistent with the Association for the
Advancement of Cost Engineering (“AACE International”) cost
estimating guidelines for a Class 4 estimate. The estimate accuracy
range of ±25% is defined by the level of project definition, the
time available to prepare the estimate and the amount of project
cost data available.
The total capital cost estimate for the Cascabel
project is summarized in Table 4.
Area |
Pre-ProductionUS$M |
Post-ProductionUS$M |
Mine |
900 |
748 |
Process plant |
465 |
219 |
Tailings storage facility |
309 |
695 |
Port facility |
39 |
15 |
Surface infrastructure |
175 |
42 |
Indirect costs |
467 |
113 |
Contingency |
391 |
304 |
Total |
2,746 |
2,136 |
Table 4: Cascabel project capital cost
estimate
Pre-production capital totals US$2.7bn and
includes all costs up to first ore to the process plant.
Post-production costs required to achieve production ramp-up to
design capacity and sustaining capital are estimated to total
US$2.1bn.
Operating Cost Estimate (Figure
7)
The Cascabel block cave operation is estimated
to have a low unit mining cost (operating and sustaining) of
US$6.51/t. Total average gross unit cash costs inclusive of
treatment charges and government royalties are US$1.72/lb of
payable copper. AISC costs inclusive of gold and silver by-product
credits are estimated at US$0.06/lb Cu over the 26-year mine life
and averaging US$(1.38)/lb in the first five years from achieving
nameplate capacity, positioning Cascabel well within the first
decile of the global copper industry cost curve. Net cash costs are
estimated at US$(0.40)/lb Cu. Negative cash costs reflect
significant precious metals by-product contributions, primarily
gold, providing downside protection to lenders.
Cash Flow Generation (Figure
8)
Cascabel’s indicative production profile and low
operating costs are expected to support strong after-tax free cash
flow generation totalling nearly US$14.5bn over the 26-year initial
mine life and averaging US$740m annually.
Environmental, Social and Governance
(“ESG”)
Project operator SolGold has stated it is
committed to the social and environmental sustainability of its
projects and being a leader in this space within Ecuador. As
SolGold advances the Cascabel project, clearly defined criteria
will be reported as studies advance into development and
operations.
As a minimum, SolGold considers the following
criteria immediately applicable not only from a corporate
perspective but also to its activities within countries where
SolGold has interests:
- Environment:
managing carbon footprint and use of renewable resources
- Social:
encourages diversity and pays fair wages
- Governance:
Committed to complying with UK Corporate Governance Code from
mid-2022
SolGold has built strong community partnerships
over the last decade in the country and has an extensive engagement
process that will be continued through the Environmental Impact
Assessment (“EIA”) stage.
Ecuadorian law requires that an EIA be conducted
prior to authorisation of construction and operations. In addition
to Ecuadorian requirements, SolGold will ensure that the EIA is
compliant with appropriate international standards. At minimum,
these would include consideration to the applicable Equator
Principles, the International Finance Corporation (“IFC”)
Performance Standards and Environmental, Health, and Safety
Guidelines, as well as Sustainable Development Goals (“SDG”) which
align with the development of the Cascabel project and the effected
regions.
In anticipation of advancing the permitting
processes within Ecuador, environmental baseline studies within the
Cascabel tenement are well advanced.
SolGold will be evaluating several options as
part of the DFS to manage and minimise the project’s overall carbon
footprint. These include maximising power from hydro generation
sources, further investigations on electrification, assessing
process integration to optimize operational efficiency, among other
initiatives.
SolGold is continuing on its journey toward
compliance with the UK Corporate Governance Code and intends to be
compliant with all aspects of the code from mid-2022.
Sensitivity Analysis
A sensitivity analysis was performed on the base
case after-tax NPV to examine the sensitivity to commodity prices,
capital costs and operating costs.
The Cascabel project is most sensitive to
changes in the copper and gold prices as well as capital costs;
less sensitive to changes in operating costs, and least sensitive
to changes to silver prices. Figure 9 and
Table 5 show the results of the after-tax
analysis.
After-tax NPVof project
(US$M) |
Copper Price (base US$3.60/lb) |
-30% |
|
-20% |
|
-10% |
|
0% |
|
+10% |
|
+20% |
|
+30% |
Discount Rate |
5% |
3,177 |
|
3,795 |
|
4,398 |
|
5,007 |
|
5,615 |
|
6,119 |
|
6,263 |
|
6% |
2,597 |
|
3,134 |
|
3,659 |
|
4,189 |
|
4,718 |
|
5,168 |
|
5,336 |
|
7% |
2,105 |
|
2,574 |
|
3,033 |
|
3,496 |
|
3,958 |
|
4,360 |
|
4,541 |
|
8% |
1,687 |
|
2,098 |
|
2,501 |
|
2,907 |
|
3,312 |
|
3,672 |
|
3,857 |
|
9% |
1,331 |
|
1,693 |
|
2,047 |
|
2,405 |
|
2,762 |
|
3,084 |
|
3,268 |
|
10% |
1,028 |
|
1,347 |
|
1,660 |
|
1,976 |
|
2,291 |
|
2,581 |
|
2,760 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gold Price (base US$1,700/oz) |
-30% |
|
-20% |
|
-10% |
|
0% |
|
+10% |
|
+20% |
|
+30% |
Discount Rate |
5% |
3,829 |
|
4,223 |
|
4,615 |
|
5,007 |
|
5,399 |
|
5,800 |
|
6,030 |
|
6% |
3,148 |
|
3,497 |
|
3,843 |
|
4,189 |
|
4,534 |
|
4,888 |
|
5,111 |
|
7% |
2,574 |
|
2,882 |
|
3,189 |
|
3,496 |
|
3,801 |
|
4,114 |
|
4,327 |
|
8% |
2,088 |
|
2,362 |
|
2,634 |
|
2,907 |
|
3,178 |
|
3,456 |
|
3,657 |
|
9% |
1,675 |
|
1,919 |
|
2,162 |
|
2,405 |
|
2,647 |
|
2,894 |
|
3,082 |
|
10% |
1,324 |
|
1,543 |
|
1,760 |
|
1,976 |
|
2,193 |
|
2,413 |
|
2,587 |
|
Table 5: Metal price and discount rate
sensitivity analysis
Outstanding Opportunities and Upside
Options
The Cascabel project optimizations which will be
progressed include:
- Further
investigations into process plant feed rates, including additional
resources such as the Tandayama-Ameríca resource
- Capital cost
reduction opportunities
- Alpala
underground mine design optimization, mine sequence and scheduling,
application of macro blocks
- Process plant
design optimization, following additional test work
- Hydropower
project development
Next Steps
The Cascabel project DFS is planned for
completion in H2 CY23. SolGold plc is currently progressing
additional optimizations in preparation for the DFS that will be
included in a PFS Addendum planned for completion in H2 CY22.
SolGold plans to engage with the relevant
government departments from Q2 CY22 to commence fiscal discussions
and the permitting process.
SolGold intends to release a National Instrument
43-101 (“NI 43-101”) technical report on Cascabel within 45 days of
this release (the "Technical Report").
Qualified Persons
The Qualified Persons for the “Cascabel Project,
Ecuador, NI43-101 Technical Report on Pre-Feasibility Study”, that
has an effective date of 31 March 2022, are detailed in the table
below.
Category |
Name |
Company |
Mineral Resource Estimate |
Cecilia Artica, BSc MSc RMSME |
(formerly) Mining Plus |
Mineral Reserve Estimate |
Aaron Spong, BEng FAusIMM CP (Min) |
Mining Plus |
Environment, Social, Tailings & Water |
Tim Rowles, BSc MSc FAusIMM CP RPEQ |
Knight Piésold Pty Ltd |
Metallurgy |
Peter Gron, BSc FAusIMM |
Wood plc |
Process Plant & Infrastructure |
Steve Klose, BEng MSc FAusIMM |
Wood plc |
Financial Evaluation |
Kirk Hanson, MBA PE |
Wood plc |
Marketing |
Christopher Heath, BSc Hons PhD FAusIMM |
Wood Mackenzie |
Yvan Crepeau, MBA, P.Geo., Cornerstone's Vice
President, Exploration and a qualified person in accordance with
National Instrument 43-101, is responsible for supervising the
exploration program at the Cascabel project for Cornerstone and has
reviewed and approved the information contained in this news
release.
About Cornerstone
Cornerstone Capital Resources Inc. is a mineral
exploration company with a diversified portfolio of projects in
Ecuador and Chile, including the Cascabel gold-enriched copper
porphyry joint venture in northwest Ecuador. Cornerstone has a
20.8% direct and indirect interest in Cascabel comprised of (i) a
direct 15% interest in the project financed through to completion
of a feasibility study and repayable at Libor plus 2% out of 90% of
its share of the earnings or dividends from an operation at
Cascabel, plus (ii) an indirect interest comprised of 6.85% of the
shares of joint venture partner and project operator SolGold Plc.
Exploraciones Novomining S.A. (“ENSA”), an Ecuadoran company owned
by SolGold and Cornerstone, holds 100% of the Cascabel concession.
Subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including
SolGold’s fully funding the project through to feasibility, SolGold
Plc will own 85% of the equity of ENSA and Cornerstone will own the
remaining 15% of ENSA.
Further information is available on
Cornerstone’s website: www.cornerstoneresources.com and on
Twitter. For investor, corporate or media inquiries, please
contact:
Investor Relations: Mario Drolet; Email: Mario@mi3.ca; Tel.
(514) 904-1333
Due to anti-spam laws, many shareholders and
others who were previously signed up to receive email updates and
who are no longer receiving them may need to re-subscribe
at http://www.cornerstoneresources.com
Cautionary Notice:
News releases, presentations and public
commentary made by Cornerstone and its Officers (or by Cascabel
project joint venture partner and project operator SolGold Plc and
reproduced in this news release) may contain certain statements and
expressions of belief, expectation or opinion that are forward
looking statements, and that relate, among other things, to
interpretations of exploration results to date and the proposed
strategy, plans and objectives or to the expectations or intentions
of the Company’s Directors, including the plan for developing the
Cascabel Project currently being studied as well as the
expectations of the Company as to the future price of copper, gold
and silver, and as to the reasonableness of assumptions in the PFS
about royalty rates payable to the Government of Ecuador which are
subject to negotiation in a final binding development agreement.
Such forward-looking and interpretative statements involve known
and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors beyond
the control of the Company that could cause the actual performance
or achievements of the Company to be materially different from such
interpretations and forward-looking statements.
Accordingly, the reader should not rely on any
interpretations or forward-looking statements; and save as required
by the exchange rules of the TSXV or by applicable laws, the
Company does not accept any obligation to disseminate any updates
or revisions to such interpretations or forward-looking statements.
The Company may reinterpret results to date as the status of its
assets and projects changes with time expenditure, metals prices
and other affecting circumstances.
This release may contain “forward-looking
information” within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities
legislation. Forward-looking information includes, but is not
limited to, statements regarding the Company’s plans for developing
its properties. Generally, forward-looking information can be
identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as
“plans”, “expects” or “does not expect”, “is expected”, “budget”,
“scheduled”, “estimates”, “forecasts”, “intends”, “anticipates” or
“does not anticipate”, or “believes”, or variations of such words
and phrases or state that certain actions, events or results “may”,
“could”, “would”, “might” or “will be taken”, “occur” or “be
achieved”.
Forward-looking information is subject to known
and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause
the actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements
of the Company to be materially different from those expressed or
implied by such forward-looking information, including but not
limited to: transaction risks; general business, economic,
competitive, political and social uncertainties; future prices of
mineral prices; accidents, labour disputes and shortages, including
those of anti-mining sentiment in certain regions of Ecuador, and
other risks of the mining industry. Although the Company has
attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual
results to differ materially from those contained in
forward-looking information, there may be other factors that cause
results not to be as anticipated, estimated or intended. There can
be no assurance that such information will prove to be accurate, as
actual results and future events could differ materially from those
anticipated in such statements. Factors that could cause actual
results to differ materially from such forward-looking information
include, but are not limited to, risks relating to the ability of
exploration activities (including assay results) to accurately
predict mineralization; errors in management’s geological modelling
and/or mine development plan; capital and operating costs varying
significantly from estimates; the preliminary nature of visual
assessments; delays in obtaining or failures to obtain required
governmental, environmental or other required approvals;
uncertainties relating to the availability and costs of financing
needed in the future; changes in equity markets; inflation; the
global economic climate; fluctuations in commodity prices; the
ability of the Company to complete further exploration activities,
including drilling; delays in the development of projects;
environmental risks; community and non-governmental actions; other
risks involved in the mineral exploration and development industry;
the ability of the Company to retain its key management employees
and skilled and experienced personnel; and those risks set out in
the Company’s public documents filed on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.
Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on
forward-looking information. The Company does not undertake to
update any forward-looking information, except in accordance with
applicable securities laws.
The Company and its officers do not endorse, or
reject or otherwise comment on the conclusions, interpretations or
views expressed in press articles or third-party analysis, and
where possible aims to circulate all available material on its
website.
The Company cautions that the Cascabel project
remains an early-stage project at this time and there is inherent
uncertainty relating to any project at prior to the determination
of pre-feasibility study and/or defined feasibility study.
On Behalf of the Board, Brooke MacdonaldPresident and CEO
Neither TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation
Services Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the
TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or
accuracy of this release.
1 |
Wood Mackenzie Q4 2021 Outlook, 2032 forecast. |
2 |
The PFS is subject to an accuracy range of ±25% in accordance
with AACE class 4 estimates. The findings in the PFS and the
implementation of the Cascabel project are subject to all the
necessary approvals, permits, internal and regulatory requirements
and further works. The estimates are indicative only and are
subject to market and operating conditions. They should not be
interpreted as guidance. The information contained herein is a
summary only and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the
Technical Report (as defined below). |
3 |
100% project basis. |
4 |
Based on a discount rate of 8% (real). |
5 |
Based on long-term commodity price assumptions of US$3.60/lb for
copper, US$1,700/oz for gold and US$19.9/oz for silver. |
6 |
Spot prices on 4 April 2022 of US$4.74/lb for copper, US$1,933/oz
for gold and US$24.5/oz for silver. |
7 |
Average based on years 4 – 22 at full nameplate capacity. |
8 |
Assumptions for copper equivalent calculations as provided in
Table 1 for commodity prices, grades and recoveries. Copper
equivalent production (by-product basis) = Recovered Cu tonnes +
(Au Price US$/oz) / (Cu Price US$/t) x (Recovered + doré gold
ounces) + (Ag Price US$/oz) / (Cu Price US$/t) x (Recovered + doré
silver ounces). |
9 |
Peak production, free cash flow and EBITDA in year 5 from start of
production. |
10 |
As the Mineral Reserve represents only 21% of the M&I Resource
tonnes SolGold believes there is potential further mine life upside
in excess of 50 years. |
11 |
EBITDA is a Non IFRS Financial Measure and refers to Earnings
Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortization. |
12 |
Wood Mackenzie Accelerated Energy Transition (2 degrees) long-term
copper price forecast of US$4.20/lb. Assuming spot price for gold
and silver. |
13 |
Profit share: 12% to state, 3% to employees. Corporate tax applied
to EBT (Earnings Before Tax) after deduction of profit share. |
14 |
Peak production in year 5 from start of production. |
15 |
See "Cascabel Property NI 43-101 Technical Report, Alpala Porphyry
Copper-Gold-Silver Deposit - Mineral Resource Estimation, January
2021" with an Effective date: 18 March 2020 and Amended Date: 15
January 2021 (the "Amended Technical Report"), filed at
www.Sedar.com on January 29, 2021. |
16 |
Alpala MRE was reported at a cut-off grade of 0.21% copper
equivalent (CuEq) using a copper equivalency factor of 0 613
(whereby CuEq = Cu + Au x 0.613). Cut-off grades and copper
equivalency used for reporting were based on third party metal
price research, forecasting of Cu and Au prices, and a cost
structure from mining studies data available at the time. Costs
include mining, processing and general and administration
(G&A). Net Smelter Return (NSR) includes metallurgical
recoveries and off-site realisation (TCRC) including royalties and
utilising metal prices of Cu at US$3.40/lb and Au at
US$1,400/oz. |
17 |
As the Mineral Reserve represents only 21% of the Measured and
Indicated Resource tonnes the SolGold believes there is potential
further mine life upside in excess of 50 years. Mineral Reserve
contained metal estimated at base case long-term prices of
US$3.60/lb for copper, US$1,700/oz for gold and US$19.9/oz for
silver. |
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