Gold Standard Ventures Corp. (TSXV:GSV) (NYSE
American:GSV) (“Gold Standard” or the “Company) today announced a
maiden mineral resource estimate for its North Bullion gold deposit
on its 100%-owned/controlled Railroad - Pinion Project in Nevada’s
Carlin Trend, prepared in accordance with National Instrument
43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (“
NI
43-101”). The maiden mineral resource estimate also
includes resources at Sweet Hollow and POD in the nearby historic
Railroad District for the first time. These resource estimates were
prepared by APEX Geoscience Ltd. of Edmonton, Canada
(“
APEX”) and are dated September 8, 2017. A
technical report prepared in accordance with NI 43-101 will be
filed with SEDAR within 45 days of the date of this news release.
The majority of the mineralization at the Sweet
Hollow and POD deposits is oxidized. The Sweet Hollow and POD oxide
mineralization is about 7 km (4.2 miles) north of the Pinion and
Dark Star gold deposits. The North Bullion deposit hosts sulphide
mineralization typical of the large deposits found in the north
portion of the Carlin Trend.
Highlights (see Table 1
below)
- At Sweet Hollow and POD, APEX has estimated a new near surface
oxide Indicated Mineral Resource of 90,100 troy ounces of gold
contained in 2.92 million tonnes at an average grade of 0.96 grams
per tonne (g/t) gold (Au) (at a cut-off of 0.14 g Au/t). No mineral
resources have previously been reported for these deposits.
- Also at Sweet Hollow and POD, APEX has estimated a near surface
oxide Inferred Mineral Resource of 46,600 troy ounces of gold
contained in 3.36 million tonnes at an average grade of 0.43 g/t Au
(at a cut-off of 0.14 g Au/t).
- At North Bullion (and including a minor contribution from Sweet
Hollow and POD), APEX has estimated a near surface (pit
constrained) sulphide Inferred Mineral Resource of 171,400 troy
ounces of gold contained in 2.05 million tonnes at an average grade
of 2.6 g/t Au (at a cut-off of 1.25 g/t Au). No mineral resources
have previously been reported for the North Bullion deposit.
- Also at North Bullion, APEX has estimated a deeper
(underground) sulphide Inferred Mineral Resource of 587,700 troy
ounces of gold contained in 5.55 million tonnes at an average grade
of 3.29 g/t Au (at a cut-off of 2.25 g/t Au).
A sensitivity analysis of the grade and tonnage relationships at
a variety of cut-off grades is shown in the accompanying Tables 2
and 3 below. Click the following link for a North Bullion,
Sweet Hollow and POD resource map.
https://goldstandardv.com/lp/north-bullion-resource-estimate/
Jonathan Awde, CEO and Director of Gold Standard
commented: “Our Carlin resource base continues to grow. The
structure and mineralogy of the North Bullion deposit strongly
resembles the large gold deposits at the north end of the Carlin
Trend. We continue to have success drilling this deposit and it
remains open in multiple directions. However, our priority remains
expanding the shallow oxide deposits which are faster and less
costly to develop,” he said.
Based upon detailed modelling of the drill
information (from 503 drill holes) in conjunction with reasonable
prospects of future economic extraction, APEX estimates within the
mineralized zones a mineral resource that is comprised of the
following: a pit constrained near surface oxide Indicated Mineral
Resource of 2.92 million tonnes grading 0.96 g/t Au, totaling
90,100 troy ounces of gold, a pit constrained oxide and sulphide
Inferred Mineral Resource of 5.42 million tonnes grading 1.25 g/t
Au, totaling 218,000 troy ounces of gold, and a deeper underground
constrained sulphide Inferred Mineral Resource of 5.55 million
tonnes at an average grade of 3.29 g/t Au, totaling 587,700 troy
ounces of gold (Table 1). A sensitivity analysis of the grade and
tonnage relationships at a variety of cut-off grades is shown in
the accompanying Tables 2 and 3 below. Click the following
link for a North Bullion, Sweet Hollow and POD resource map.
https://goldstandardv.com/lp/north-bullion-resource-estimate/
Table 1. The North Bullion, Sweet Hollow and POD mineral
resource estimate with cut-off grades is summarized below*:
Classification |
Constraint |
Cut-off for Au (g/t) |
Tonnage (million metric tonnes) |
Au Grade (g/t) |
Contained Au**(troy ounces)*** |
Indicated TOTAL |
Oxide - Pit Constrained |
0.14 |
2.92 |
0.96 |
90,100 |
Inferred |
Oxide - Pit Constrained |
0.14 |
3.36 |
0.43 |
46,600 |
Inferred |
Sulphide - Pit Constrained |
1.25 |
2.05 |
2.60 |
171,400 |
Inferred Subtotal |
Pit Constrained Inferred Subtotal |
0.14, 1.25 |
5.42 |
1.25 |
218,000 |
Inferred |
Sulphide Underground |
2.25 |
5.55 |
3.29 |
587,700 |
Inferred TOTAL |
Pit Constrained and Underground Inferred
Total |
0.14, 1.25, 2.25 |
10.97 |
2.28 |
805,800 |
* Mineral Resources are not Mineral Reserves. Mineral resources
which are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic
viability. There has been insufficient exploration to define the
Inferred Mineral Resources tabulated above as an Indicated or
Measured Mineral Resource. There is no guarantee that any part of
the mineral resources discussed herein will be converted into a
mineral reserve in the future.**The recommended reported resources
are highlighted in bold and have been constrained within a
$US1,350/ounce of gold optimized pit shell and/or an
underground mining scenario utilizing a 2.25 g/t Au lower
cutoff.***Contained troy ounces may not add due to rounding.
Table 2. Sensitivity
analysis of the Sweet Hollow and POD oxide mineral resource
estimate for gold at various cut-off grades*:
Classification |
Au Cut-off (grams per tonne) |
Tonnage - Au (million metric tonnes) |
Au Grade (grams per tonne) |
Contained Au (troy ounces)*** |
Indicated (Oxide) |
0.0 |
3.04 |
0.93 |
90,600 |
0.14** |
2.92 |
0.96 |
90,100 |
0.2 |
2.51 |
1.09 |
87,800 |
0.3 |
1.64 |
1.53 |
80,800 |
0.4 |
1.41 |
1.73 |
78,400 |
0.5 |
1.40 |
1.74 |
78,200 |
|
Inferred (Oxide) |
0.0 |
3.63 |
0.41 |
47,500 |
0.14*** |
3.36 |
0.43 |
46,600 |
0.2 |
2.71 |
0.49 |
43,000 |
0.3 |
1.47 |
0.70 |
33,200 |
0.4 |
1.14 |
0.81 |
29,700 |
0.5 |
1.09 |
0.82 |
28,800 |
* Mineral Resources are not Mineral Reserves. Mineral resources
which are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic
viability. There has been insufficient exploration to define the
Inferred Mineral Resources tabulated above as an Indicated or
Measured Mineral Resource. There is no guarantee that any part of
the mineral resources discussed herein will be converted into a
mineral reserve in the future.**The recommended reported resources
are highlighted in bold and have been constrained within a
$US1,350/ounce of gold optimized pit shell.***Contained troy ounces
may not add due to rounding.
Table 3. Sensitivity analysis of the North Bullion, Sweet
Hollow and POD sulphide mineral resource estimate for gold at
various cut-off grades*:
Classification |
Au Cutoff (grams per tonne) |
Tonnage - Au (million metric tonnes) |
Au Grade (grams per tonne) |
Contained Au (troy ounces)**** |
Inferred (Near Surface Sulphide) |
1.0 |
2.20 |
2.50 |
176,700 |
1.25** |
2.05 |
2.60 |
171,400 |
1.5 |
1.85 |
2.73 |
162,200 |
1.75 |
1.66 |
2.86 |
152,400 |
2.0 |
1.35 |
3.09 |
133,800 |
|
Inferred (Underground Sulphide) |
2.0 |
6.87 |
3.07 |
678,000 |
2.25*** |
5.55 |
3.29 |
587,700 |
2.5 |
4.31 |
3.55 |
492,800 |
2.75 |
3.15 |
3.90 |
394,900 |
3.0 |
2.52 |
4.16 |
336,300 |
* Mineral Resources are not Mineral Reserves. Mineral resources
which are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic
viability. There has been insufficient exploration to define the
Inferred Mineral Resources tabulated above as an Indicated or
Measured Mineral Resource. There is no guarantee that any part of
the mineral resources discussed herein will be converted into a
mineral reserve in the future.**The recommended reported resources
are highlighted in bold and have been constrained within a
$US1,350/ounce of gold optimized pit shell.***The recommended
reported resources are highlighted in bold and have been
constrained within a $US1,350/ounce of gold underground mining
scenario.****Contained troy ounces may not add due to rounding.
Exploration Target and Potential for
Resource Expansion
As a direct effect of the Railroad project 2010
to 2016 drilling programs and completing an updated geologic model,
additional targets for immediate potential resource expansion have
been identified in areas of limited drill hole testing. Shallow and
deeper oxide and sulphide targets have been identified adjacent to
existing resources that have good potential to expand the current
inferred and indicated mineral resources. A near surface oxide
exploration target of 3 million to 6 million tonnes at a grade of
0.3 to 0.5 g/t Au yielding an oxide exploration target of 30,000 up
to 100,000 troy ounces of gold has been identified outside of the
Sweet Hollow to POD portion of the property based upon prior
drilling. The potential quantity and size is conceptual in nature.
There has been insufficient exploration to define a mineral
resource. It is uncertain if further exploration will result in the
target being delineated as a mineral resource.
In addition, outside of this resource estimate,
an exploration target of sulphide material ranging from 8 to 27
million tonnes with a potential grade of 1.1 up to 1.7 g/t Au
yielding a target of 300,000 troy ounces up to 1,475,000 troy
ounces has been identified for potential resource expansion. The
potential quantity and size is conceptual in nature. There has been
insufficient exploration to define a mineral resource. It is
uncertain if further exploration will result in the target being
delineated as a mineral resource. Along with targets to potentially
expand the resource, areas within the existing inferred mineral
resources that are defined by widely spaced drilling but with
reasonable grades provide the company with potential to convert and
grow the indicated portion of the oxide and/or sulphide mineral
resource. APEX recommends further drilling to test these drill
targets in order to expand the existing resources and convert
Inferred Mineral Resources to Indicated Mineral Resources.
Geology
The North Bullion, Sweet Hollow and POD deposits
are hosted by a number of lodes oriented north-northeast-northwest
over an area of 2.75 km by 950 m. The mineral resource estimate is
based on 171 reverse circulation holes and 61 diamond core holes.
Careful review has determined that results from the two forms of
drilling are comparable. The geology of the mineralized zones is
described as follows:
- The oxide gold zone at Sweet Hollow and POD is hosted in a
mixed sequence of siliciclastic and carbonate rocks interpreted as
belonging to the Mississippian Webb and Tripon Pass
formations. Decalcification and silicification are the
predominant alteration types, and dissolution collapse breccia
occurs in the carbonate rocks. The mineralization lies
stratigraphically higher than the Devils Gate – Tripon Pass host to
the Main Pinion Zone gold mineralization.
- The sulphide gold zone at North Bullion is hosted in two
tectono-stratigraphic horizons: an upper zone within a mixed
sequence of siliciclastic and carbonate rocks interpreted as
belonging to the Mississippian Tripon Pass Formation and a lower
zone in multi-lithic dissolution collapse breccia developed along
the top of the Devils Gate Limestone. The lower zone at North
Bullion is hosted in the same stratigraphic horizon as Gold
Standard’s Pinion Deposit and much of Newmont Mining Corporation’s
gold mineralization within the Rain mining district, immediately to
the north. Decarbonatization, dolomitization and silicification are
the predominant alteration types at North Bullion.
- Mineralization remains open in multiple directions.
Significant potential exists for expansion of the mineral resources
along geologic controls identified during the modeling of the
deposits at North Bullion, Sweet Hollow and POD. Approximately
6,700 m of drilling will be completed in 2017 to further expand the
mineral resources (see Gold Standard’s news release dated May 9,
2017).
- Due to the good vertical and lateral continuity of the
dissolution, collapse breccia hosted gold mineralization and the
identification of additional targets, the potential to expand the
mineral resources and convert inferred mineral resources to
indicated mineral resources with future drilling is considered
high.
Mineral Resource Estimate
The statistical analysis, geological modeling
and resource estimation was prepared by Mr. Steven Nicholls, MAIG,
with APEX under the direct supervision of Mr. Michael Dufresne, P.
Geol., P.Geo., also with APEX. Both are Qualified Persons as
defined by National Instrument 43-101 and have reviewed and
approved this news release. Mineral resource modelling and
estimation was carried out using a 3-dimensional block model based
on geostatistical applications using commercial mine planning
software MICROMINE (16.0).
Modeling was conducted in Universal Transverse
Mercator (UTM) coordinate space relative to the North American
Datum (NAD) 1927 and UTM Zone 11. A parent block size of 10 m (X) x
10 m (Y) x 3 m (Z) with sub-blocking down to 5 m (X) x 5 m (Y) x
1.5 m (Z) was applied. The North Bullion, Sweet Hollow and POD
resource modeling utilized 232 drill holes that were completed from
1980 to 2017. Mr. Dufresne, P.Geol., P.Geo., visited the property
in April and October, 2014, June, 2015, August - September, 2015
and June 2017, in order to verify and validate the historic drill
hole dataset and to verify the drilling of the recently completed
2016 diamond and RC drilling campaigns completed by Gold
Standard. Over the period of the last four years, APEX
personnel were intimately involved in the verification, validation,
drill hole collar surveying and quality assurance/quality control
analysis of the Railroad project drill hole database. The current
drill hole database is deemed to be in good condition and suitable
to use in ongoing resource estimation studies.
A total of 503 drill holes guided the geological
interpretation and 232 were used in the estimation of the North
Bullion, Sweet Hollow and POD mineral resource. This total
comprises 61 diamond core holes and 171 RC drill holes that were
completed from 1980 to 2016. Spacing between drill holes
varies from 2 m to 120 m in the resource area. All of the
drill holes were used to guide the geological and mineralization
model that was ultimately used in the resource estimation
calculation. A total of 988 bulk density samples were
collected from a variety of sources including bulk sampling,
surface rock chip samples and drill core. A total of 272 bulk
density samples were situated within the mineralized
wireframes. The 272 bulk density samples situated within the
mineralized zones were examined on a lode by lode basis. The
average bulk density determined from the analytical work for each
lode was assigned to all the blocks within that lode. The average
density for the lodes ranges from 2.33 g/cm3 to 2.71 g/cm3 with
overall average bulk density of 2.68 g/cm3 for the North Bullion,
Sweet Hollow and POD mineral resource.
The Railroad project assay file comprised 75,890
analyses of variable length from a variety of sampled lithologies.
Of the 75,890 samples in the Railroad project database, roughly
nine percent (6,941 assays) are situated within the gold
mineralized lodes. A parent block size of 10 m (X) x 10 m (Y)
x 3 m (Z) was chosen for the North Bullion, Sweet Hollow and POD
block model. This is deemed appropriate based on the current
level of drill hole spacing in the resource area which ranges from
2 m to 120 m with rough sections that range from 20 m to 100 m
spacing. The block model extents were extended beyond the
mineralized wireframe to encompass the entire domain.
Sub-blocking down to 5 m (X) x 5 m (Y) x 1.5 m (Z) was used to more
effectively honor the volumes and shapes created during the
geological interpretation of the mineralized wireframes or lodes.
Grade was interpolated for the parent blocks and assigned to the
sub-blocks. A comparison of wireframe volume versus block model
volume was performed for each of the estimations to ensure there
was no under- or overestimation of tonnages. Each block was
coded with the lode number so that grade could be estimated as hard
boundaries.
The Indicated and Inferred North Bullion, Sweet
Hollow and POD resource estimation of gold was calculated using
inverse distance (ID2) for each of the seventeen lodes.
Silver was not estimated. The North Bullion, Sweet Hollow and POD
resource estimation was conducted using inverse distance squared
and ordinary kriging all of which were reviewed for resource
estimation quality and validation. Based upon the resultant
validation of the block models it was decided to use the inverse
distance squared estimation technique as it best honored the input
composite grades. As such only inverse distance squared estimation
technique was used for this estimation. Estimation was
only calculated on parent blocks. All sub-blocks within the parent
block were assigned the parent block grade. A block discretization
of 3 m (X) x 3 m (Y) x 3 m (Y) was applied to all blocks during
estimation. Each lode was estimated with ‘hard
boundaries’, which means that only composite assays located within
each lode were used to estimate the grade of the blocks within that
lode.
Some metallurgical test work has been completed
to date, which includes analysis of the suitability of the oxide
gold mineralization to cyanide soluble leaching methods and for
sulphide material, bench scale roaster treatment. Bottle roll and
column leach tests indicate the potential to achieve greater than
80% recovery for oxide material and greater than 85% recovery for
sulphide material with existing roaster processing technology
methods (Dufresne et al., 2017).
The 2017 Sweet Hollow and POD oxide mineral
resources were constrained by a pit optimization conducted using
$1,350 per oz Au along with assumed costs for open pit mining and
processing of oxide resources in Nevada. Sulphide mineral resources
at North Bullion, Sweet Hollow and POD were constrained by a pit
optimization conducted using $1,350 per oz Au along with assumed
costs for open pit mining and processing of sulphide resources in
Nevada. Underground mineral resources at North Bullion have been
reported using $1,350 per oz Au along with assumed costs for
underground mining along with the processing of sulphide mineral
resources in Nevada.
The North Bullion, Sweet Hollow and POD mineral
resource estimate is reported in accordance with NI 43-101 and has
been estimated using the CIM “Estimation of Mineral Resources and
Mineral Reserves Best Practice Guidelines” dated November 23rd,
2003 and CIM “Definition Standards for Mineral Resources and
Mineral Reserves” dated May 10th, 2014.
Sampling Methodology, Chain of Custody,
Quality Control and Quality Assurance: All Gold Standard
sampling was conducted under the supervision of the Company’s
project geologists, and the chain of custody from the project to
the sample preparation facility was continuously monitored. Core
was cut at the company’s facility in Elko and one half was sent to
the lab for analysis and the other half retained in the original
core box. A blank or certified reference material was inserted
approximately every tenth sample. The North Bullion core
samples were delivered to ALS Minerals preparation facility in
Elko, NV where they were crushed and pulverized. Resulting sample
pulps were shipped to ALS Minerals certified laboratory in Sparks,
NV or Vancouver, BC. Pulps were digested and analyzed for
gold using fire assay fusion and an atomic absorption spectroscopy
(AAS) finish on a 30 gram split. Over limit gold assays were
determined using a fire assay fusion with a gravimetric finish on a
30 gram split. All other elements were determined by ICP
analysis. Data verification of the analytical results
included a statistical analysis of the standards and blanks that
must pass certain parameters for acceptance to insure accurate and
verifiable results. Drill hole deviation was measured by gyroscopic
down hole surveys that were completed on all holes by International
Directional Services of Elko, NV.
The scientific and technical content and
interpretations contained in this news release have been reviewed,
verified and approved by Steven R. Koehler, Gold Standard’s Manager
of Projects, BSc. Geology and CPG-10216, a Qualified Person as
defined by NI 43-101.
ABOUT GOLD STANDARD VENTURES –
Gold Standard is an advanced stage gold exploration company focused
on district scale discoveries on its Railroad-Pinion Gold Project,
located within the prolific Carlin Trend. The 2014 Pinion and Dark
Star gold deposit acquisitions offer Gold Standard a potential
near-term development option and further consolidates the Company’s
premier land package on the Carlin Trend. The Pinion deposit now
has an NI43-101 compliant resource estimate consisting of an
Indicated Mineral Resource of 31.61 million tonnes grading 0.62 g/t
Au, totaling 630,300 ounces of gold and an Inferred Resource of
61.08 million tonnes grading 0.55 g/t Au, totaling 1,081,300 ounces
of gold, using a cut-off grade of 0.14 g/t Au (this release).
The combined Dark Star North and Dark Star deposits, 2.1 km to the
east of Pinion, has a NI43-101 compliant resource estimate
consisting of an Indicated Mineral Resource of 15.38 million tonnes
grading 0.54 g/t Au, totaling 265,100 ounces of gold and an
Inferred Resource of 17.05 million tonnes grading 1.31 g/t Au,
totaling 723,500 ounces of gold, using a cut-off grade of 0.2 g
Au/t. The 2016 definition and expansion of these two shallow,
oxide deposits demonstrate their growth potential.
Neither the TSX Venture Exchange
(“TSX-V”) nor its Regulation Services Provider (as
that term is defined in the policies of the TSX-V) nor the NYSE
AMERICAN accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of
this news release.
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This news release contains forward-looking
statements, which relate to future events or future performance and
reflect management’s current expectations and assumptions. Such
forward-looking statements reflect management’s current beliefs and
are based on assumptions made by and information currently
available to the Company. All statements, other than statements of
historical fact, included herein including, without limitation,
statements about our proposed exploration programs are
forward-looking statements. By their nature, forward-looking
statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other
factors which may cause our actual results, performance or
achievements, or other future events, to be materially different
from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or
implied by such forward-looking statements. Such
forward-looking statements include the expectation that the
majority of the Inferred Mineral Resources could be upgraded to
Indicated Mineral Resources with continued exploration; the
Company’s goal to expand shallow oxide deposits; and plans for
further drilling to test drill targets in order to expand the
existing resources and convert Inferred Mineral Resources to
Indicated Mineral Resources. Risk factors affecting the
Company include, among others: the results from our exploration
programs, global financial conditions and volatility of capital
markets, uncertainty regarding the availability of additional
capital and whether further exploration will result in target areas
being delineated as mineral resources, fluctuations in commodity
prices; title matters; and the additional risks identified in our
filings with Canadian securities regulators on SEDAR in Canada
(available at www.sedar.com) and with the SEC on EDGAR (available
at www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml). These forward-looking statements are
made as of the date hereof and, except as required under applicable
securities legislation, the Company does not assume any obligation
to update or revise them to reflect new events or
circumstances.
CAUTIONARY NOTE FOR U.S. INVESTORS
REGARDING RESERVE AND RESOURCE ESTIMATES
All resource estimates reported by the Company
were calculated in accordance with NI 43-101 and the Canadian
Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Classification system. These
standards differ significantly from the requirements of the U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission for descriptions of mineral
properties in SEC Industry Guide 7 under Regulation S-K of the U.
S. Securities Act of 1933. In particular, under U. S. standards,
mineral resources may not be classified as a “reserve” unless the
determination has been made that mineralization could be
economically and legally produced or extracted at the time the
reserve determination is made. Accordingly, information in
this press release containing descriptions of the Company’s mineral
properties may not be comparable to similar information made public
by US public reporting companies.
On behalf of the Board of Directors of Gold
Standard,
“Jonathan Awde”
Jonathan Awde, President and Director
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT: Jonathan
Awde President Tel: 604-669-5702 Email: info@goldstandardv.com
Website: www.goldstandardv.com
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