The Financial Statements of LKA Gold Incorporated, a Delaware corporation (the "Registrant," the "Company" or "LKA") required to be filed with this 10-Q Quarterly Report were prepared by management and commence below, together with related notes. In the opinion of management, the Financial Statements fairly present the financial condition of the Registrant.
LKA GOLD INCORPORATED
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Continued)
(Unaudited)
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT
|
|
March 31,
2019
|
|
|
December 31,
2018
|
|
CURRENT LIABILITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
$
|
185,430
|
|
|
$
|
184,096
|
|
Accounts payable – related party
|
|
|
10,726
|
|
|
|
6,670
|
|
Note Payable – related party
|
|
|
12,702
|
|
|
|
12,702
|
|
Wastewater discharge liability
|
|
|
99,974
|
|
|
|
99,974
|
|
Derivative liability
|
|
|
52,188
|
|
|
|
54,653
|
|
Convertible note payable
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
Note payable
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
Accrued interest payable
|
|
|
9,511
|
|
|
|
5,882
|
|
Accrued wages and advances payable to officer
|
|
|
87,489
|
|
|
|
49,989
|
|
Total Current Liabilities
|
|
|
518,020
|
|
|
|
473,966
|
|
LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Convertible note payable, net of $45,083 and $50,718 in debt issuance
costs and debt discount, respectively
|
|
|
84,917
|
|
|
|
79,282
|
|
Asset retirement obligation
|
|
|
122,950
|
|
|
|
122,950
|
|
Total Liabilities
|
|
|
725,887
|
|
|
|
676,198
|
|
STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred stock; $0.001 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, 0 and
0 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized,
27,741,308 and 27,697,684 shares issued and 27,741,308 and 27,697,684
shares outstanding, respectively
|
|
|
27,741
|
|
|
|
27,741
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
19,959,183
|
|
|
|
19,959,183
|
|
Treasury stock; 43,624 and 43,624 shares at cost, respectively
|
|
|
(86,692
|
)
|
|
|
(86,692
|
)
|
Accumulated deficit
|
|
|
(19,991,452
|
)
|
|
|
(19,914,489
|
)
|
Total Stockholders' Deficit
|
|
|
(91,220
|
)
|
|
|
(14,257
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT
|
|
$
|
634,667
|
|
|
$
|
661,941
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
LKA GOLD INCORPORATED
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
|
|
For the Three Months Ended
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OPERATING EXPENSES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exploration and related costs
|
|
$
|
36
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
15,798
|
|
|
|
20,060
|
|
Officer salaries
|
|
|
37,500
|
|
|
|
238,925
|
|
Professional and consulting
|
|
|
16,510
|
|
|
|
2,775
|
|
Total Operating Expenses
|
|
|
69,844
|
|
|
|
261,760
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OPERATING LOSS
|
|
|
(69,844
|
)
|
|
|
(261,760
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSES)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss on debt conversion
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(309,406
|
)
|
Derivative gain (loss)
|
|
|
2,465
|
|
|
|
(3,031
|
)
|
Interest expense, net
|
|
|
(9,584
|
)
|
|
|
(571,013
|
)
|
Total Other Income (Expenses)
|
|
|
(7,119
|
)
|
|
|
(883,450
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET LOSS
|
|
$
|
(76,963
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,145,210
|
)
|
NET LOSS PER SHARE - BASIC AND DILUTED
|
|
$
|
(0.00
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.06
|
)
|
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF SHARES OUTSTANDING - BASIC AND DILUTED
|
|
|
27,741,308
|
|
|
|
19,681,608
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
LKA GOLD INCORPORATED
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 and 2019
(Unaudited)
|
|
Preferred Stock
|
|
|
Common Stock
|
|
|
Treasury Stock
|
|
|
Additional
|
|
|
Accumulated
|
|
|
Total Stockholders'
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Paid-In Capital
|
|
|
Deficit
|
|
|
Equity (Deficit)
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2017
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
19,261,717
|
|
|
$
|
19,262
|
|
|
|
43,624
|
|
|
$
|
(86,692
|
)
|
|
$
|
18,020,363
|
|
|
$
|
(18,324,756
|
)
|
|
$
|
(371,823
|
)
|
Common stock issued for related party payable, accrued wages and accrued interest
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
601,898
|
|
|
|
602
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
119,778
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
120,380
|
|
Common stock issued for related party convertible debt and accrued interest
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
3,224,990
|
|
|
|
3,225
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
951,179
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
954,404
|
|
Common stock issued for officer bonus
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,750,000
|
|
|
|
1,750
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
199,675
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
201,425
|
|
Retirement of derivative
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
263,325
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
263,325
|
|
Net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2018
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(1,145,210
|
)
|
|
|
(1,145,210
|
)
|
Balance, March 31, 2018
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
24,838,605
|
|
|
$
|
24,839
|
|
|
|
43,624
|
|
|
$
|
(86,692
|
)
|
|
$
|
19,554,320
|
|
|
$
|
(19,469,966
|
)
|
|
$
|
22,501
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2018
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
27,741,308
|
|
|
$
|
27,741
|
|
|
|
43,624
|
|
|
$
|
(86,692
|
)
|
|
$
|
19,959,183
|
|
|
$
|
(19,914,489
|
)
|
|
$
|
(14,257
|
)
|
Net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2019
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(76,963
|
)
|
|
|
(76,963
|
)
|
Balance, March 31, 2019
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
27,741,308
|
|
|
$
|
27,741
|
|
|
|
43,624
|
|
|
$
|
(86,692
|
)
|
|
$
|
19,959,183
|
|
|
$
|
(19,991,452
|
)
|
|
$
|
(91,220
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
LKA GOLD INCORPORATED
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
|
|
For the Three Months Ended
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(76,963
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,145,210
|
)
|
Items to reconcile net loss to net cash used by operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
2,157
|
|
|
|
2,158
|
|
Amortization of debt issuance costs
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
9,176
|
|
Amortization of debt discount
|
|
|
5,635
|
|
|
|
538,720
|
|
(Gain) loss on derivative
|
|
|
(2,465
|
)
|
|
|
3,031
|
|
Loss on debt conversion
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
309,406
|
|
Common stock issued for compensation expenses
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
201,425
|
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase in prepaid expenses and other assets
|
|
|
(10,167
|
)
|
|
|
(7,500
|
)
|
Increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
|
|
4,963
|
|
|
|
25,868
|
|
Increase in accounts payable – related party
|
|
|
4,056
|
|
|
|
7,769
|
|
Increase in accrued wages
|
|
|
37,500
|
|
|
|
37,500
|
|
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities
|
|
|
(35,284
|
)
|
|
|
(17,657
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash overdraft
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(343
|
)
|
Proceeds from notes payable, related party
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
18,000
|
|
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
17,657
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH
|
|
|
(35,284
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD
|
|
|
61,696
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH AT END OF PERIOD
|
|
$
|
26,412
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH PAID FOR:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
|
|
$
|
300
|
|
|
$
|
200
|
|
Income taxes
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NON-CASH TRANSACTIONS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock issued for convertible debt and interest
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
644,998
|
|
Common stock issued for related party payable and accrued wages
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
120,379
|
|
Derivative liability retired to equity upon conversion
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
263,325
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
LKA GOLD INCORPORATED
Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements
March 31, 2019
NOTE 1 -
ORGANIZATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The consolidated financial statements presented are those of LKA Gold, Incorporated, a Delaware corporation and its wholly owned subsidiary LKA International, Inc., a Nevada corporation
("LKA" or the "Company")
. LKA was incorporated on March 15, 1988, under the laws of the State of Delaware.
LKA is currently engaged in efforts to expand mine production and continues to seek additional investment opportunities.
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared by LKA pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted in accordance with such rules and regulations. The information furnished in the interim consolidated financial statements include normal recurring adjustments and reflects all adjustments, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of such financial statements. Although management believes the disclosures and information presented are adequate to make the information not misleading, it is suggested that these interim consolidated financial statements be read in conjunction with LKA's most recent audited financial statements. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The Company has implemented all new accounting pronouncements that are in effect and that may impact its financial statements. The Company does not believe that there are any other new accounting pronouncements that have been issued that might have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASC 842, Leases ("ASC 842"). ASC 842 related to leases to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by requiring the recognition of right of use assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet. Most prominent among the changes in the standard is the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases. Under the standard, disclosures are required to meet the objective of enabling users of financial statements to assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The Company is also required to recognize and measure leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented using a modified retrospective approach, with certain practical expedients available.
The Company elected to early adopt ASC 842 effective January 1, 2018 and have elected all available practical expedients. The standard did not have a material impact on our financial statements as we have no outstanding leases.
Net Income (Loss) per Common Share
Basic net income (loss) per share is computed on the basis of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each year. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed similar to basic net income (loss) per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common shares had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. In periods where losses are reported, the weighted-average number of common stock outstanding excludes common stock equivalents, because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.
For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company realized net losses, resulting in outstanding warrants, and outstanding convertible debt having an antidilutive effect.
The following table summarizes the potential shares of common stock that were excluded from the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 as such shares would have had an anti-dilutive effect:
|
|
For the
Three Months Ended
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
Convertible debt
|
|
|
460,000
|
|
|
|
400,000
|
|
Common stock warrants
|
|
|
20,834
|
|
|
|
20,834
|
|
Total
|
|
|
480,834
|
|
|
|
420,834
|
|
NOTE 2 -
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Office Space
LKA pays a company owned by an officer and shareholder $1,500 per month for office rent and expenses. The affiliated company (Abraham & Co., Inc. a FINRA member and registered investment advisor) also executes LKA's securities transactions and manages its investment portfolio. LKA owes Abraham & Co., Inc. $9,448 and $6,447 as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
Related Party Payables – Notes, Accounts and Wages Payable
At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, LKA owes $1,278 and $223, respectively, for purchases made on the personal credit card of LKA's President, Kye Abraham.
At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, LKA owes an entity controlled by LKA's President and Chairman, Kye Abraham, $12,702 and $12,702, respectively, for short-term loans that do not accrue interest, are unsecured and due upon demand.
NOTE 3 -
CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES
During October 2015, LKA issued a convertible debenture for $50,000 in cash. The convertible debenture accrues interest at 7.5% per annum, is unsecured, due in three years from the date of issuance and is convertible into shares of LKA common stock at any time at the option of the holder at a rate of $0.50 per share. Interest is due in semi-annual payments. During December 2018, LKA entered into a one-year extension agreement through October 20, 2019 in exchange for a reduction of the conversion price to a fixed $0.25 per share. The modification of this note was not deemed substantial.
During April 2016, LKA issued two $50,000 Convertible Debentures for $100,000 in cash. The Convertible Debentures accrue interest at 7.5% per annum due in semi-annual payments, are unsecured, due in five years from the dates of issuance and are convertible into shares of LKA common stock at any time at the option of the holder at a rate of $0.50 per share. Interest is due in semi-annual payments.
On April 26, 2017, LKA issued a convertible debenture in the amount of $50,000 for cash. Principal on the Convertible Debenture is due April 26, 2020. The Convertible Debenture accrues interest at 7.5% and is convertible at any time into shares of LKA common stock at $0.50 per share. Interest is due on a semiannual basis. During April 2018, the holder of the convertible note elected to convert a total of $20,000 in convertible debt principal, leave a principal balance of $30,000 at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
For all the above noted convertible debentures, if any event of default occurs, the interest rate increases to 15% per annum and the conversion rate shall be decreased to $0.25 per share. As a result of the reset provision in the conversion price, the conversion options embedded in these instruments are classified as a liability in accordance with ASC 815 and were recognized as a debt discount on the date these notes were issued along with $12,500 of debt issuance costs.
During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, LKA recognized $5,635 and $9,988 of interest expense from the amortization of the debt discount, respectively.
NOTE 4 -
DERIVATIVE LIABILITY
LKA analyzed the conversion options embedded in the convertible debentures for derivative accounting consideration under ASC 815,
Derivative and Hedging
, and determined that the instruments embedded in the above referenced convertible notes should be classified as liabilities and recorded at fair value due to reset provisions in the conversion prices.
During the
three months ended March 31, 2019, LKA recorded a gain of $2,465 and d
uring the
three months ended March 31, 2018
, LKA recorded a loss of $3,031 on mark-to-market of the conversion options.
The following table summarizes the derivative liabilities included in the consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2019:
Balance, December 31, 2018
|
|
$
|
54,653
|
|
Gain on change in fair value
|
|
|
(2,465
|
)
|
Balance, March 31, 2019
|
|
$
|
52,188
|
|
The Company valued its derivatives liabilities using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Assumptions used during the three months ended March 31, 2019 include (1) risk-free interest rates of 2.48% - 2.88%, (2) lives of between 1.9 and 2.1 years, (3) expected volatility between 261% - 287%, (4) zero expected dividends, (5) conversion prices as set forth in the related instruments, and (6) the common stock price of the underlying share on the valuation dates.
NOTE 5 - NOTIFICATION OF POSSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION
In 2002 the Federal Bureau of Land Management (the "BLM") advised LKA of its desire to extend to the Ute-Ulay Property certain environmental clean-up ("remediation") activities that it is conducting on neighboring properties that LKA does not own. The BLM commissioned and obtained three engineering evaluation and cost analysis ("EE/CA") studies/reports on the Ute-Ulay and the neighboring public lands in 2002-2006. These EE/CA studies analyzed the current environmental state of the Ute-Ulay property and other properties in the area. The studies identified a large volume of mine tailings and metals loading of shallow ground water, with elevated levels of arsenic, cadmium and lead being present. The BLM's most recent study, "Value Engineering Study on the Ute Ulay Mine/Mill Site – Final Report" dated January 5, 2006, projected the costs of remediation and property stabilization on the Ute-Ulay property to be approximately $2.1 million. Based upon discussions with Hinsdale County, Colorado officials, Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment Ute-Ulay project supervisor, the Federal Environmental Protection Agency's (the "EPA") regional manager, and legal counsel, the actual costs associated with this effort are expected to be approximately $1.2 million; substantially below previous BLM estimates. Under the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act ("CERCLA"), the EPA may either require a property owner to perform the necessary cleanup or the agencies may perform the work and seek recovery of costs against the property owner and previous owners. While it cannot be determined with absolute certainty until the project is completed, LKA's status as a "
de minimis"
participant and the fact that remediation activities are focused on property located largely outside of LKA's permitted operating area, LKA management expects this project will have a negligible impact on the LKA's financial condition. Accordingly, pursuant to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, and all discussions with the above named agencies to date, LKA management believes it is unlikely there will be a material impact to its financial statements and no liability for this project has been recorded as of March 31, 2019. Actual completion of remediation work at the site was completed in late 2014 by the EPA. The EPA has not yet issued its notice of final determination.
NOTE 6 -
WASTEWATER DISCHARGE LIABILITY
During the fourth quarter of 2014, LKA received a Notice of Violation (NOV) from the Colorado Department of Health and Environment (CDPHE) for failure to meet certain requirements of the Company's wastewater discharge permit. During 2016, the Company undertook all corrective actions specified in the NOV, under CDPHE oversight, and believes it is in compliance with the terms of its permit. Work is required to modify and upgrade the mine's water treatment process in 2019 to meet regulatory requirements and bring LKA back into compliance with its discharge permit requirements. Until this work is completed to the satisfaction of CDPHE, the Company is considered to be in a "non-compliance" status with the terms of its discharge permit and additional penalties could be assessed beyond those described (anticipated) above. Engineering and lab testing is ongoing and further modifications (upgrades) to the Company's water treatment system is scheduled for late spring or early summer of 2019. Once completed, LKA expects improvements to its water treatment system will meet or exceed regulatory requirements. It is currently expected that any financial penalty assessed and any further corrective actions will not likely cost less than $75,000 but not more than $150,000. If LKA is unsuccessful in achieving full compliance with permit requirements, it may be subject to additional penalties or revocation of its discharge permit. As a result, LKA has accrued a liability of $99,974 and $99,974 as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, as there is no better estimate of the amount of loss within this range.
NOTE 7 -
GOING CONCERN
LKA's consolidated financial statements are prepared using generally accepted accounting principles applicable to a going concern that contemplates the realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. However, LKA has recently accumulated significant losses,
has a working capital deficit and has negative cash flows from operations, which raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans with respect to alleviating the adverse financial conditions that caused management to express substantial doubt about the LKA's ability to continue as a going concern are as follows:
LKA is currently engaged in an exploration program at the Golden Wonder mine with the objective of returning the mine to a commercial producing status. The exploration program, which began in November 2008, has involved extensive sampling/assaying for the purpose of identifying possible new production zones within the mine. During this evaluation period, sampling and analysis of exposed veins yielded encouraging results and some precious metals revenues. While encouraging, no conclusion can be drawn at this time about the commercial viability of the mine and LKA continues to evaluate potential merger, joint venture or lease agreements for the property.
In order to support continued operation of the mine, LKA completed a $500,000 capital funding raise in April 2018 and will need raise additional funds to support operations during 2019.
There can be no assurance that LKA will be able to achieve its business plans, raise any more required capital or secure the financing necessary to achieve its current operating plan. The ability of LKA to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to successfully accomplish the plan described in the preceding paragraph and eventually attain profitable operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.