As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January
17, 2023
Registration
No. 333-259611
UNITED
STATES
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON,
D.C. 20549
FORM
S-3
Amendment No. 4
REGISTRATION
STATEMENT
UNDER
THE
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Planet
Green Holdings Corp.
(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Nevada |
|
87-0430320 |
(State
or other jurisdiction of
incorporation
or organization)
|
|
(I.R.S.
Employer
Identification
Number)
|
36-10
Union St., 2nd Floor
Flushing,
NY 11354
(718)
799-0380
(Address,
including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of
registrant’s principal executive offices)
Bin
Zhou
Chief
Executive Officer
Planet
Green Holdings Corp
36-10
Union St., 2nd Floor
Flushing,
NY 11354
(718)
799-0380
(Name,
address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area
code, of agent for service)
Copies
to:
Bill
Huo, Esq.
Steven Glauberman, Esq.
Becker &
Poliakoff LLP
45
Broadway, 17th Floor
New
York, New York 10006
(212) 599-3322
Approximate
date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to
time after the effective date of this registration
statement.
If
the only securities being registered on this form are being offered
pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check
the following box: ☐
If
any of the securities being registered on this form are to be
offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under
the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in
connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the
following box: ☒
If
this form is filed to register additional securities for an
offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please
check the following box and list the Securities Act registration
statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering. ☐
If
this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule
462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list
the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier
effective registration statement for the same offering.
☐
If
this form is a registration statement pursuant to General
Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall
become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule
462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box.
☐
If
this form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement
filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register
additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant
to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box.
☐
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer,
an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting
company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of
“large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting
company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the
Exchange Act.
Large
accelerated filer ☐ |
Accelerated
filer ☐ |
Non-accelerated
filer ☒ |
Smaller
reporting company ☒ |
|
|
|
Emerging
growth company ☐ |
If an
emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant
has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided
pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.
☐
The
registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date
or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the
registrant shall file a further amendment that specifically states
that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective
in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or
until the registration statement shall become effective on such
date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to
said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information contained in this prospectus is not complete and
may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the
registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell
these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these
securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not
permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JANUARY 17, 2023
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS
$200,000,000
Common
Stock
Preferred
Stock
Debt Securities
Convertible Debt Securities
Warrants
Rights
Units
We
may offer and sell up to $200,000,000 in the aggregate of the
securities identified above from time to time in one or more
offerings. This prospectus provides a general description of the
securities that we may offer and sell.
Each
time that we offer securities under this prospectus, we will
provide the specific terms of the securities offered, including the
public offering price, in a supplement to this prospectus. Any
prospectus supplement may add to, update or change information
contained in this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and
any applicable prospectus supplement together with additional
information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More
Information” before you make your investment decision.
We
may offer and sell the securities described in this prospectus and
any prospectus supplement to or through one or more underwriters,
dealers and agents, or directly to purchasers, or through a
combination of these methods. If any underwriters, dealers or
agents are involved in the sale of any of the securities, their
names and any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or
discount arrangement between or among them will be set forth, or
will be calculable from the information set forth, in the
applicable prospectus supplement. See the sections of this
prospectus entitled “About this Prospectus” and “Plan of
Distribution” for more information. No securities may be sold
without delivery of this prospectus and the applicable prospectus
supplement describing the method and terms of the offering of such
securities.
Our common stock is traded on The NYSE American, under the symbol
“PLAG.” On January 11, 2023, the closing sale price of our common
stock on NYSE AMERICAN was $0.74 per share. The applicable
prospectus supplement will contain information, where applicable,
as to other listings, if any, on NYSE American or any other
securities exchange of the securities covered by the applicable
prospectus supplement.
Planet Green Holdings Corp. (the “Planet Green”) is not an
operating company in the PRC but a Nevada holding company with its
operations conducted through its subsidiaries in the PRC, U.S.,
Hong Kong and Canada (the “Subsidiaries”) and through contractual
arrangements with its variable interest entities, or VIEs including
Jilin Chuanyuan, Anhui Ansheng and Xiangtian Energy (the “VIEs”),
which are companies incorporated in the PRC. The VIEs are
consolidated for accounting purpose only and Planet Green does not
own any equity interest in the VIE. Investors may never directly
hold equity interests in the VIEs. The VIE structure is used to
provide investors with exposure to foreign investment in
China-based companies where Chinese law prohibits or limits direct
foreign investment in the operating companies. However, our
contractual arrangements with the VIEs are not equivalent of an
investment in the VIEs. Investors of our securities thus are not
purchasing equity interest in the VIEs and their subsidiaries in
China but instead are purchasing equity interest in a Nevada
holding company. Such VIE arrangement is not identical to owning
such entities directly, and investors will own shares in a holding
company with contracts with the VIEs and will not have any equity
ownership of such VIEs themselves. The VIE arrangement may not be
as effective as direct ownership in providing us with control over
the VIEs. Direct ownership would allow us, for example, to directly
or indirectly exercise our rights as a shareholder to effect
changes in the boards of directors, which, in turn, could affect
changes, subject to any applicable fiduciary obligations at the
management level. However, under the VIE arrangement, as a legal
matter, if the VIEs or its shareholders fail to perform their
respective obligations under the VIE arrangement, we may have to
incur substantial costs and expend significant resources to enforce
those arrangements and resort to litigation or arbitration and rely
on legal remedies under PRC laws. These remedies may include
seeking specific performance or injunctive relief and claiming
damages, any of which may not be effective. In the event we are
unable to enforce these VIE Agreements or we experience significant
delays or other obstacles in the process of enforcing the VIE
arrangement, we may lose control over the assets owned by the
VIE.
Our corporate structure is subject to risks relating to our
contractual arrangements with our VIEs and their shareholders. Such
contractual arrangements have not been tested in any of the PRC
courts. There are substantial uncertainties regarding the
interpretation and application of current and future PRC laws,
regulations, and rules relating to these contractual arrangements.
If the PRC government finds these contractual arrangements
non-compliant with the restrictions on direct foreign investment in
the relevant industries, or if the relevant PRC laws, regulations,
and rules or the interpretation thereof change in the future, we
could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our
interests in the VIEs or forfeit our rights under the contractual
arrangements. We and investors face uncertainty about potential
future actions by the PRC government, which could affect the
enforceability of our contractual arrangements with our VIEs and
consequently, significantly affect the financial condition and
results of operations of us. If we are unable to claim our right to
control the assets of the VIEs, our common stock may decline in
value or become worthless. The PRC government could even disallow
the VIE structure completely, which would likely result in a
material adverse change in our operations and our common stock may
significantly decline in value or become worthless. See “Risk
Factors — Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure.”
Under our corporate structure, our ability to pay dividends and to
service any debt we may incur and pay our operating expenses
principally depends on dividends paid by our PRC subsidiaries and
VIEs. Cash is transferred through our organization in the manner as
follows: (1) we may transfer funds to our WFOEs through our Hong
Kong subsidiaries, Lucky Sky Planet Green Holdings Co., Limited
(HK), Bless Chemical Co., Ltd. (HK), and Baokuan Technology (Hong
Kong) Limited by additional capital contributions or shareholder
loans, as the case may be; (2) the VIEs may pay service fees to our
PRC subsidiaries for services rendered by our PRC subsidiaries; (3)
our PRC subsidiaries may pay service fees to the VIEs for services
rendered by the VIEs; and (4) our PRC subsidiaries may make
dividends or other distributions to the Planet Green. We do not
have cash management policies dictating how funds are transferred
throughout our organization. We may encounter difficulties in our
ability to transfer cash between PRC subsidiaries and non-PRC
subsidiaries largely due to various PRC laws and regulations
imposed on foreign exchange. If we intend to distribute dividends
to the Planet Green, our WFOEs will transfer the dividends to our
Hong Kong subsidiaries in accordance with the laws and regulations
of the PRC, and then our Hong Kong subsidiaries will transfer the
dividends to the Planet Green, and the dividends can be distributed
from the Planet Green to all shareholders respectively in
proportion to the shares they hold, regardless of whether the
shareholders are U.S. investors or investors in other countries or
regions. However, there can be no assurance that the PRC government
will not intervene or impose restrictions on the Company’s ability
to transfer cash out of China. In 2020, our VIE paid off a loan of
$4,546,428 to our WOEF. As of December 31, 2020, our VIE owned
$1,179,910 to our WOEF as loan. In 2021, our PRC subsidiaries did
not receive any cash benefits from the VIEs for services rendered
to the VIEs and their subsidiaries. As of June 30, 2022, our PRC
subsidiaries owned $275,200 to the VIEs as loan. As of December 31,
2021 and 2020, we were not subject to any actual foreign exchange
restrictions. The foregoing cash flows include all distributions
and transfers between Planet Green, our PRC subsidiaries and the
VIEs as of the date of this prospectus. As of the date of this
prospectus, none of our subsidiaries have ever issued any dividends
or made other distributions to the Planet Green nor have Planet
Green ever paid dividends or made other distributions to U.S.
investors. We currently intend to retain all future earnings to
finance the VIEs’ and our subsidiaries’ operations and to expand
their business. As a result, we do not expect to pay and cash
dividends in the foreseeable future. Any limitation on the ability
of our subsidiaries to distribute dividends to us or on the ability
of the VIEs to make payments to us may restrict our ability to
satisfy our liquidity requirements. To the extent cash or assets in
the business is in the PRC or Hong Kong or in a PRC or Hong Kong
entity, and may need to be used to fund operations outside of the
PRC or Hong Kong, the funds and assets may not be available to fund
operations or for other uses outside of the PRC or Hong Kong due to
interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations
by the government on our subsidiaries’ or the VIEs’ ability to
transfer cash and assets. For more detailed discussion of the
restrictions and limitations on the ability to transfer cash or
distribute earnings between our PRC subsidiary and the VIEs, and
between Planet Green and the VIEs, see “About the Company — Cash
Flows through Our Organization.”
We face various legal and operational risks and uncertainties
related to being based in and having significant operations in
mainland China. The PRC government has significant authority to
exert influence on the ability of a China-based company, such as
us, to conduct its business, accept foreign investments or list on
U.S. or other foreign exchanges. For example, we face risks
associated with regulatory approvals of offshore offerings,
oversight on cybersecurity and data privacy, as well as the lack of
inspection by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the
“PCAOB”) on our auditors. Such risks could result in a material
change in our operations and/or the value of the common stock or
could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer
common stock and/or other securities to investors and cause the
value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.
These regulatory risks and uncertainties could become applicable to
our Hong Kong subsidiary if regulatory authorities in Hong Kong
adopt similar rules and/or regulatory actions. For a detailed
description of risks relating to doing business in mainland China,
please refer to “Risk Factors— Risks Related to Doing Business
in China” in this prospectus.
Because our operations are primarily located in the PRC and Hong
Kong through our subsidiaries and VIEs, we are subject to certain
legal and operational risks associated with our operations in China
and Hong Kong, including changes in the legal, political and
economic policies of the Chinese government, the relations between
China and the United States, or Chinese or United States
regulations may materially and adversely affect our business,
financial condition and results of operations. PRC laws and
regulations governing our current business operations are sometimes
vague and uncertain, and therefore, these risks may result in a
material change in our operations and the value of our common
stock, or could significantly limit or completely hinder our
ability to offer or continue to offer our securities to investors
and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or
be worthless. Recently, the PRC government initiated a series of
regulatory actions and statements to regulate business operations
in China with little advance notice, including cracking down on
illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision
over China-based companies listed overseas using a variable
interest entity structure, adopting new measures to extend the
scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding the efforts in
anti-monopoly enforcement. We do not believe that our subsidiaries
and VIEs are directly subject to these regulatory actions or
statements, as we have not implemented any monopolistic behavior
and our business does not involve the collection of user data or
implicate cybersecurity. As of the date of this prospectus, no
relevant laws or regulations in the PRC explicitly require us to
seek approval from the China Securities Regulatory Commission (the
“CSRC”), Cyberspace Administration of China (the “CAC”) or any
other PRC governmental authorities for our offering, nor has our
Nevada holding company or any of our subsidiaries or our VIEs
received any inquiry, notice, warning or sanctions regarding our
offering from the CSRC or any other PRC governmental authorities.
However, since these statements and regulatory actions by the PRC
government are newly published and official guidance and related
implementation rules have not been issued, it is highly uncertain
how soon legislative or administrative regulation making bodies
will respond and what existing or new laws or regulations or
detailed implementations and interpretations will be modified or
promulgated, if any, and the potential impact such modified or new
laws and regulations will have on our daily business operation, the
ability to accept foreign investments and list on an U.S. or other
foreign exchange. The Standing Committee of the National People’s
Congress, or the SCNPC, or other PRC regulatory authorities may in
the future promulgate laws, regulations or implementing rules that
requires our company or any of our subsidiaries to obtain
regulatory approval from Chinese authorities before offering in the
U.S. In other words, although the Company is currently not required
to obtain permission from any of the PRC central or local
government to obtain such permission and has not received any
denial to list on the U.S. exchange, our operations could be
adversely affected, directly or indirectly; our ability to offer,
or continue to offer, securities to investors would be potentially
hindered and the value of our securities might significantly
decline or be worthless, by existing or future laws and regulations
relating to its business or industry or by intervene or
interruption by PRC governmental authorities, if we or our
subsidiaries (i) do not receive or maintain such permissions or
approvals, (ii) inadvertently conclude that such permissions or
approvals are not required, (iii) applicable laws, regulations, or
interpretations change and we are required to obtain such
permissions or approvals in the future, or (iv) any intervention or
interruption by PRC governmental with little advance notice.
As of the date of this prospectus, the three Hong Kong subsidiaries
of Planet Green do not have any material operation in Hong Kong and
they have not collected, stored, or managed any personal
information in Hong Kong. Therefore, we have concluded that
currently it does not expect that laws and regulations in Mainland
China on data security, data protection, cybersecurity or
anti-monopoly to be applied to its Hong Kong subsidiaries or that
the oversight of the Cyberspace Administration of China will be
extended to its operations outside of Mainland China.
In light of the recent statements and regulatory actions by the PRC
government, such as those related to the use of variable interest
entities, data security, and anti-monopoly concerns, Planet Green
may be subject to the risks of uncertainty of any future actions of
the PRC government in this regard, and if Chinese regulatory
authorities disallow the VIE structure, that may result in a
material change in our operations and/or value of our securities,
including that the value of our securities to significantly decline
or become worthless. Planet Green may also be subject to penalties
and sanctions imposed by the PRC regulatory agencies, including the
CSRC, if it fails to comply with such rules and regulations, which
could adversely affect the ability of Planet Green to continue to
be listed for trading on NYSE American or another foreign exchange,
which may cause the value of Planet Green’s securities to
significantly decline or become worthless. The Holding Foreign
Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCA Act”) and related regulations
call for additional and more stringent criteria to be applied to
emerging market companies upon assessing the qualification of their
auditors and could add uncertainties to Planet Green’s offering
that trading in Planet Green’s securities may be prohibited under
the HFCA Act. Currently, Planet Green’s auditor, WWC, P.C., is
headquartered in California and has been inspected by the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (the “PCAOB”) on
a regular basis. Our auditor is not included in the list of PCAOB
Identified Firms of having been unable to be inspected or
investigated completely by the PCAOB in the PCAOB Determination
Report issued in December 2021. On June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate
passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act,
which, if enacted, would reduce the number of consecutive
non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under
the HFCA Act from three years to two. On February 4, 2022, the U.S.
House of Representatives passed a bill, which contained, among
other things, an identical provision. If this provision is enacted
into law and the number of consecutive non-inspection years
required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCAA is reduced
from three years to two, then the common stock could be prohibited
from trading in the United States as early as 2024. Although we
believe that the HFCA Act and the related regulations do not
currently affect us, we cannot assure you that there will not be
any further implementations and interpretations of the Holding
Foreign Companies Accountable Act or the related regulations, which
might pose regulatory risks to and impose restrictions on us
because of our operations in mainland China. Please refer to
“Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in
China.”
As of December 1, 2022, the aggregate market value of our
outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates pursuant to General
Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3 was approximately $33,934,166, which
is based on 58,507,183 shares of common stock held by non-
affiliates as of such date and a price of $0.58 per share, the
closing price of our common stock on December 1, 2022. Pursuant to
General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3, in no event will we sell
securities registered on the registration statement of which this
prospectus is a part with a value of more than one-third of the
aggregate market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates
in any 12-month period, so long as the aggregate market value of
our common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $75,000,000.
As of the date hereof, we have not offered any securities pursuant
to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3 during the 12 calendar
months prior to and including the date of this prospectus.
This prospectus may not be used to offer or sell our securities
unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement. The information
contained or incorporated in this prospectus or in any prospectus
supplement is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, or
such prospectus supplement, as applicable, regardless of the time
of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of our securities.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state
securities commission has approved or disapproved of these
securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or
complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal
offense.
That date of this Prospectus is _________, 2022
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
ABOUT THIS
PROSPECTUS
This
prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC,
utilizing a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf
registration process, we may offer and sell, either individually or
in combination, in one or more offerings, up to a total dollar
amount of $200,000,000 of any combination of the securities
described in this prospectus. This prospectus provides you only
with a general description of the securities that we may offer and
sell. Each time securities are offered and sold under this shelf
registration statement, we will provide a prospectus supplement
that will contain specific information about the terms of those
securities and the terms of that offering, including the type and
number of securities being offered, the offering price, the names
of any underwriters, dealers, brokers or agents and the applicable
sales commission or discount. We may also authorize one or more
free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain
material information relating to these offerings.
The
prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus that we may
authorize to be provided to you may also add, update or change
information contained in this prospectus or in any documents that
we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus. If there is
any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and
the applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus,
you should rely on the prospectus supplement or free writing
prospectus, as applicable. The exhibits to our registration
statement contain the full text of certain contracts and other
important documents we have summarized in this prospectus. Since
these summaries may not contain all the information that you may
find important in deciding whether to purchase the securities we
offer, you should review the full text of these documents. You
should read carefully the entire prospectus and any accompanying
prospectus supplement or related free writing prospectus, as well
as the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus
and/or any prospectus supplement, before making an investment
decision. Please also read the additional information described
under “Where You Can Find More Information” below.
We
have not authorized any dealer, agent or other person to give any
information or to make any representation other than those
contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any
accompanying prospectus supplement or related free writing
prospectus. You must not rely upon any information or
representation not contained or incorporated by reference in this
prospectus or an accompanying prospectus supplement or related free
writing prospectus. This prospectus and the accompanying prospectus
supplement and related free writing prospectus, if any, do not
constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy
any securities other than the registered securities to which they
relate, nor do this prospectus and the accompanying prospectus
supplement and related free writing prospectus, if any, constitute
an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities
in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make
such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction.
For
investors outside the United States: We have not done anything that
would permit our public offering or possession or distribution of
this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose
is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the
United States who come into possession of this prospectus must
inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to,
the offering of the securities and the distribution of this
prospectus outside of the United States.
You
should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus and
any accompanying prospectus supplement is accurate only as of the
date on its respective cover, that the information appearing in any
related free writing prospectus is accurate only as of the date of
that free writing prospectus, and that any information incorporated
by reference is accurate only as of the date of the document
incorporated by reference, unless we indicate otherwise. Our
business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects
may have changed since those dates.
This
prospectus incorporates by reference, and any prospectus supplement
or free writing prospectus may contain and incorporate by
reference, market data and industry statistics and forecasts that
are based on independent industry publications and other publicly
available information. Although we believe these sources are
reliable, we do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of this
information and we have not independently verified this
information. In addition, the market and industry data and
forecasts that may be included or incorporated by reference in this
prospectus, any prospectus supplement or any applicable free
writing prospectus may involve estimates, assumptions and other
risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various
factors, including those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors”
contained in this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement
and any applicable free writing prospectus, and under similar
headings in other documents that are incorporated by reference into
this prospectus. Accordingly, investors should not place undue
reliance on this information.
Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this
prospectus to “Planet Green,” refers to the Planet Green Holdings
Corp., the Nevada holding company, and the “Company,” “we,” “our”
or “us” refer to Planet Green Holdings Corp. and its subsidiaries
and VIEs.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND
MORE INFORMATION
This
prospectus is part of the registration statement on Form S-3 filed
with the SEC under the Securities Act and does not contain all the
information set forth in the registration statement. Whenever a
reference is made in this prospectus to any of our contracts,
agreements or other documents, the reference may not be complete
and you should refer to the exhibits that are a part of the
registration statement or the exhibits to the reports or other
documents incorporated herein by reference for a copy of such
contract, agreement or other document.
We are currently subject to the reporting requirements of the
Exchange Act, and in accordance therewith files periodic reports,
proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our SEC
filings are available to you on the SEC’s website at
http://www.sec.gov and in the “Investor Relations” section of our
website at www.ocugen.com. Our website and the information
contained on that site, or connected to that site, are not
incorporated into and are not a part of this prospectus.
INCORPORATION OF
CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE
The
SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” information from other
documents that we file with it, which means that we can disclose
important information to you by referring you to those documents.
The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part
of this prospectus. Information in this prospectus supersedes
information incorporated by reference that we filed with the SEC
prior to the date of this prospectus, while information that we
file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede the
information in this prospectus. We incorporate by reference into
this prospectus and the registration statement of which this
prospectus is a part the information or documents listed below that
we have filed with the SEC:
|
● |
Our Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 14, 2022; |
|
● |
Our Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 14, 2022; |
|
● |
Our Current Report on
Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on January 20, 2022; |
|
● |
Our Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with SEC on February 14, 2022; |
|
● |
Our Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed
with the SEC on March 31, 2022; |
|
● |
Our Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 11 2022; |
|
● |
Our Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 18, 2022; |
|
● |
Our
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 20, 2022; |
|
|
|
|
● |
Our
Current Report on
Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on April 21, 2022; |
|
|
|
|
● |
Our
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 20, 2022; |
|
|
|
|
● |
Our
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 27, 2022; |
|
● |
Our
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 18, 2022; |
|
|
|
|
● |
Our
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 20, 2022; |
|
|
|
|
● |
Our
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 9, 2022; |
|
|
|
|
● |
Our
Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 12, 2022; |
|
|
|
|
● |
Our
Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 30, 2022; |
|
● |
Our Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 19, 2022;
|
|
|
|
|
● |
Our Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 14, 2022; |
|
|
|
|
● |
Our Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 16, 2022; |
|
|
|
|
● |
Our Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 20, 2022; |
|
● |
The
description of our common stock contained in our Registration
Statement on
Form 8-A filed on September 1, 2009. |
We
also incorporate by reference any future filings (other than any
filings or portions of such reports that are not deemed “filed”
under the Exchange Act in accordance with the Exchange Act and
applicable SEC rules, including current reports furnished under
Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K and exhibits furnished on such
form that are related to such items unless such Form 8-K expressly
provides to the contrary) made with the SEC pursuant to Sections
13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, including those made
after the date of the initial filing of the registration statement
of which this prospectus is a part and prior to the effectiveness
of the registration statement, until we file a post-effective
amendment that indicates the termination of the offering of the
securities made by this prospectus and will become a part of this
prospectus from the date that such documents are filed with the
SEC. Information in such future filings updates and supplements the
information provided in this prospectus. Any statements in any such
future filings will automatically be deemed to modify and supersede
any information in any document we previously filed with the SEC
that is incorporated or deemed to be incorporated herein by
reference to the extent that statements in the later filed document
modify or replace such earlier statements.
Notwithstanding
the statements in the preceding paragraphs, no document, report or
exhibit (or portion of any of the foregoing) or any other
information that we have “furnished” or may in the future “furnish”
to the SEC pursuant to the Exchange Act shall be incorporated by
reference into this prospectus.
We
will furnish without charge to you, upon written or oral request, a
copy of any or all of the documents incorporated by reference,
including exhibits to these documents by writing or telephoning us
at the following address or phone number:
Planet
Green Holdings Corp.
Attention:
Corporate Secretary
36-10
Union Street, 2nd Floor
Flushing,
NY 11354
(718)
799-0380
ABOUT THE
COMPANY
Use
of Certain Defined Terms
|
● |
“Anhui Ansheng” refers to Anhui Ansheng Petrochemical Equipment
Co., Ltd., a PRC limited liability company.
|
|
|
|
|
● |
“Allinyson”
refers to Allinyson Ltd., a company incorporated in the State of
Colorado. |
|
|
|
|
● |
“Bless
Chemical” refers to Bless Chemical Co., Ltd., a company
incorporated in Hong Kong. |
|
|
|
|
● |
“Baokuan”
refers to Baokuan Technology (Hong Kong) Limited, a company
incorporated in Hong Kong. |
|
|
|
|
● |
“China”
and “PRC” refer to the People’s Republic of China including Hong
Kong and Macau. |
|
● |
“Fast
Approach” refers to Fast Approach Inc., a corporation incorporated
under the laws of Canada. |
|
|
|
|
● |
“Hubei Bulaisi” or “WFOE” Refers to Hubei Bulaisi Technology Co.,
Ltd., a PRC limited liability company.
|
|
|
|
|
● |
“Haishi”
refers to Guangzhou Haishi Technology Co., Ltd., a company
incorporated in China. |
|
|
|
|
● |
“Jiayi
Technologies” or “WFOE” refers to Jiayi Technologies (Xianning)
Co., Ltd., a PRC limited liability company and a wholly
foreign-owned enterprise, formerly known as Lucky Sky Petrochemical
Technology (Xianning) Co., Ltd. |
|
● |
“Jilin
Chuangyuan” refers to Jilin Chuangyuan Chemical Co., Ltd., a PRC
limited liability company. |
|
● |
“Jingshan
Sanhe” refers to Jingshan Sanhe Luckysky New Energy Technologies
Co., Ltd., a PRC limited liability company. |
|
● |
“Lucky
Sky HK” refers to Lucky Sky Holdings Corporations (HK) Limited, a
company incorporated in Hong Kong and formerly known as JianShi
Technology Holding Limited. |
|
● |
“Lucky Sky Planet Green” refers to Lucky Sky Planet Green Holdings
Co., Limited, a company incorporated in Hong Kong.
|
|
● |
“Planet
Green” refers to Planet Green Holdings Corp., a Nevada holding
company. |
|
|
|
|
● |
“Promising
Prospect BVI” refers to Promising Prospect Limited, formerly known
as Planet Green Holdings Corporation, a British Virgin Islands
company. |
|
● |
“RMB”
refers to Renminbi, the legal currency of China. |
|
● |
“Shanghai
Shuning” refers to Shanghai Shuning Advertising Co., Ltd, a PRC
limited liability company. |
|
● |
“Shanghai
Xunyang” refers to Shanghai Xunyang Internet Technology Co., Ltd.,
a PRC limited liability company. |
|
●
|
“Shandong Yunchu” Refers to Shandong Yunchu Supply Chain Co., Ltd.,
PRC limited liability company.
|
|
● |
“U.S.
dollar”, “$” and “US$” refer to the legal currency of the United
States. |
|
● |
“VIEs”
refers to our variable interest entities including Jilin Chuanyuan
and Xiangtian Energy. |
|
● |
“We,”
“us”, “our,” and the “Company” refer to Planet Green Holdings
Corp., a Nevada corporation, and, except where the context requires
otherwise, our wholly-owned subsidiaries and VIEs. |
|
● |
“Xianning
Bozhuang” refers to Xianning Bozhuang Tea Products Co., Ltd., a PRC
limited liability company. |
|
● |
“Xiangtian Energy” refers to Xianning Xiangtian Energy
Holdings Group Co., Ltd., a PRC limited liability company.
|
|
● |
“Shine
Chemical” refers to Shine Chemical Co., Ltd., a company
incorporated in British Virgin Islands. |
Overview
Planet Green is a Nevada company established in 1986 and is
headquartered in Flushing, New York. We are a diversified
technology, chemical and consumer products company with presence in
North America and China in the follow businesses: Chemical
Products, Tea Products, Beef Products and Online Gaming and
Advertising Services.
We manage the operation in four business segments which
include:
|
● |
to
grow, produce and distribute Cyan brick tea, black tea and green
tea in China; and |
|
|
|
|
● |
to research, develop, manufacture and sell chemical products
including formaldehyde, urea formaldehyde adhesive, methylal,
ethanol fuel, fuel additives and clean fuel in China;
|
|
● |
to
import frozen beef products into China and distribute such products
in China; and |
|
|
|
|
● |
to
develop and operate a demand side platform and online games for
advertising placements. |
Planet
Green is a holding company with no material operations of its own,
and conducts substantially all of its operations through its
several subsidiaries and its three VIEs including Jilin Chuangyuan,
Anhui Ansheng and Xiangtian Energy. Planet Green does not own any
equity ownership of VIEs and the VIEs are consolidated for
accounting purpose only. Planet Green’s ordinary shares do not
represent any equity interests in its VIEs, from which Planet Green
derives substantially of its economic benefits.
As a result of our corporate structure, we are subject to unique
risks affecting its business, which is primarily conducted through
VIEs, due to uncertainty of the interpretation and application of
the PRC laws and regulations, including but not limited to,
limitations on foreign ownership of companies, and regulatory
review of overseas listing of PRC companies through a special
purpose vehicle, and the validity and enforcement of the VIEs’
contractual arrangements which may render such arrangements
ineffective in providing control over the VIEs.
Moreover, we are subject to the risks of uncertainty about any
future actions of the PRC government in this regard, which may
result in a material change in our operations, including our
ability to carry on its current business through VIEs or accept
foreign investments. We may also be subject to penalties and
sanctions imposed by PRC regulatory agencies, including the Chinese
Securities Regulatory Commission if it fails to comply with their
rules and regulations, which could affect the ability of us to list
on NYSE America or another foreign exchange. All of these factors
may affect the value of investors’ securities.
For the detailed discussion of risks associated with the VIE
structure, please refer to “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our
Corporate Structure — The PRC government exerts substantial
influence over the manner in which Planet Green, its subsidiaries,
and its VIEs must conduct its business activities.”
We conduct our business activities through its VIEs and
subsidiaries. Planet Green, its subsidiaries, and VIEs are not
required to obtain permissions from Chinese authorities to operate
and issue these securities to foreign investors. Planet Green, its
VIEs and subsidiaries are not covered by permission requirements
from CSRC, CAC or other entity that is required to approve of the
VIEs’ operations.
Organizational Structure
Planet Green was incorporated on February 4, 1986 and was formerly
known as “American Lorain Corporation.” Effective November 12,
2009, Planet Green reincorporated in Nevada from Delaware.
The following diagram illustrates our current corporate structure,
including our subsidiaries and our VIEs.
Subsidiaries
As of the date of this prospectus Planet Green directly or
indirectly owns equity of the following entities: (1) Promising
Prospect BVI; (2) Lucky Sky Planet Green; (3) Jiayi Technologies;
(4) Shandong Yunchu; (5) Xianning Bozhuang; (6) Fast Approach; (7)
Shanghai Shuning; (8) Shine Chemical; (9) Bless Chemical; (10)
Hubei Bulaisi, (11) Jingshan Sanhe, (12) Allinyson; (13) Baokuan;
and (14) Haishi.
We are a company that continuously strives to create new value and
relentlessly to capture new opportunities, which is why we are
growing and strengthening our internet-based businesses as another
pillar towards our continued growth stage. In addition to our
Chinese domestic business, we determined to expand into the global
market and acquired 100% shares of Fast Approach, Inc. in Canada on
June 5, 2020 to embark on demand-side platform (DSP) business in
North America. A demand-side platform is a system that allows
buyers of digital advertising inventory to manage multiple
advertisement exchange and data exchange through one interface.
Fast Approach is the first North America demand side platform that
directly connects to Chinese market without middleman and is
supported by world class data science researchers among some
well-respected universities in North America. Fast Approach owns
100% equity of Shanghai Shuning in China. We believe this
acquisition will accelerate our global business growth, leading to
further increasing the Planet Green enterprise value as well. On
April 18, 2022, we acquired Allinyson Ltd., an online game
developer and operator, which generate its revenue substantially
from advertising placements. It receives and executes orders from
major advertising platforms such as Meta Platforms and Fyber. With
the acquisition of Allinyson, we further strengthen our online
advertising business.
On May 29, 2020, one of our subsidiaries, Planet Green BVI
incorporated Lucky Sky Planet Green, a limited company incorporated
in Hong Kong. On June 16, 2020, Lucky Sky Holdings Corporation
(H.K.) transferred its 100% equity interest in Lucky Sky
Petrochemical Technology (Xianning) Co., Ltd. to Lucky Sky Planet
Green Holdings Co., Limited (H.K.). On August 10, 2020, as part of
the reorganization, Planet Green Holdings Corporation (BVI)
transferred its 100% equity interest in Lucky Sky Holdings
Corporations (H.K.) Limited to Rui Tang, an unrelated party, at
nominal price. On December 9, 2020, Lucky Sky Petrochemical
Technology (Xianning) Co., Ltd. changed its name to Jiayi
Technologies (Xianning) Co., Ltd. On July 18, 2022, Planet Green
BVI changed its name to Promising Prospect Limited. As a result of
the above-mentioned restructure, Planet Green owns 100% equity
ownership of Promising Prospect BVI, which in turn owns 100% equity
of Lucky Sky Planet Green. Lucky Sky Planet Green owns 100% equity
of Jiayi Technologies.
In response to the rising concern of public shareholders and U.S.
regulatory authorities regarding the use by PRC related companies
of VIE structures, we determined to modify our VIEs arrangement
into equity ownership of our operating entities in China. In order
to complete this restructure process, on July 29, 2021, we acquired
100% equity ownership of Shine Chemical at nominal price. Shine
Chemical own 100% equity of Bless Chemical, which in turn owns 100%
equity of Hubei Bulaisi, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise in
China. On September 1, 2021, Jiayi Technologies terminated its VIE
agreement regarding 85% VIE interest in Jingshan Sanhe Luckysky,
and on the same date, Hubei Bulaisi acquired 85% equity of Jingshan
Sanhe Luckysky at no cost.
On May 14, 2019, through Shanghai Xunyang, the Company entered into
a series of VIE agreements with Xianning Bozhuang and its equity
holders to become the primary beneficiary of Xianning Bozhuang. The
Company consolidated Xianning Bozhuang’s accounts as its VIE. On
December 20, 2019, we sold 100% of equity interest in Shanghai
Xunyang and terminated its VIE agreements with Xianning Bozhuang
and Jiayi Technologies entered into VIE agreements with Xianning
Bozhuang and its shareholders on the same day. On August 2, 2021,
Jiayi Technologies terminated its VIE agreements with Xianning
Bozhuang and acquired 100% equity ownership of Xianning Bozhuang at
no cost for restructuring purpose.
On January 4, 2021, through Jiayi Technologies, the Company entered
into a series of VIE agreements with Jingshan Sanhe Luckysky as
well as its shareholders. The Company is considered the 85% primary
beneficiary of Jingshan Sanhe Luckysky and it consolidates its
accounts as VIEs. On September 1, 2021, Jiayi Technologies
terminated the VIE agreements with Jingshan Sanhe Luckysky and its
shareholders, and Hubei Bulaisi acquired 85% equity ownership of
Jingshan Sanhe at no cost for restructuring purpose.
On December 9, 2021, Jiayi Technologies acquired 100% equity
ownership of Shandong Yunchu. As a result, Shandong Yunchu became a
wholly owned subsidiary of Jiayi Technologies.
VIE Arrangements
As of the date of this prospectus, we currently have three VIEs
under its structure: (1) Jilin Chuangyuan, (2) Anhui Ansheng, and
(3) Xiangtian Energy, which are business entities incorporated in
China. The Company is considered the beneficiary of the three VIEs
only for accounting purpose.
On March 9, 2021, through Jiayi Technologies, the Company entered
into a series of VIE agreements with Jilin Chuangyuan as well as
its shareholders. The ordinary shares of Jilin Chuangyuan are
currently owned by Yongsheng Chen and Xiaodong Cai.
On July 15, 2021, through Jiayi Technologies, the Company entered
into a series of VIE agreements with Anhui Ansheng, as well as its
shareholders. The ordinary shares of Anhui Ansheng are currently
owned by Xiaodong Cai. On December 16, 2022, the Company terminated
the series of VIE agreements with Anhui Ansheng and Xiaodong
Cai.
On July 15, 2022 and August 8, 2022, through Hubei Bulaisi, the
Company entered into a series of VIE agreements with Xiangtian
Energy. The ordinary shares of Xiangtian Energy are currently owned
by Jian Zhou and Fei Wang.
Each of the VIE Agreements is described in detail below:
Consultation
and Service Agreement. Pursuant to the Consultation and Service
Agreement, WFOE has the exclusive right to provide consultation and
services to the operating entities in China in the area of business
management, human resource, technology and intellectual property
rights. WFOE exclusively owns any intellectual property rights
arising from the performance of this Consultation and Service
Agreement. The amount of service fees and payment term can be
amended by the WFOE and operating companies’ consultation and the
implementation. The term of the Consultation and Service Agreement
is 20 years. WFOE may terminate this agreement at any time by
giving 30 day’s prior written notice.
Business
Cooperation Agreement. Pursuant to the Business Cooperation
Agreement, WFOE has the exclusive right to provide complete
technical support, business support and related consulting
services, including but not limited to technical services, business
consultations, equipment or property leasing, marketing
consultancy, system integration, product research and development,
and system maintenance. WFOE exclusively owns any intellectual
property rights arising from the performance of this Business
Cooperation Agreement. The rate of service fees may be adjusted
based on the services rendered by WFOE in that month and the
operational needs of the operating entities. The Business
Cooperation Agreement shall maintain effective unless it was
terminated or was compelled to terminate under applicable PRC laws
and regulations. WFOE may terminate this Business Cooperation
Agreement at any time by giving 30 day’s prior written
notice.
Equity
Pledge Agreements. Pursuant to the Equity Pledge Agreements
among WFOE, operating entities and each of operating entities’
shareholder, shareholders of the operating entities pledge all of
their equity interests in the operating entities to WFOE to
guarantee their performance of relevant obligations and
indebtedness under the Technical Consultation and Service Agreement
and other control agreements. In addition, shareholders of the
operating entities are in the process of registering the equity
pledge with the competent local authority.
Equity
Option Agreements. Pursuant to the Equity Option Agreements,
WFOE has the exclusive right to require each shareholder of the
operating companies to fulfill and complete all approval and
registration procedures required under PRC laws for WFOE to
purchase, or designate one or more persons to purchase, each
shareholder’s equity interests in the operating companies, once or
at multiple times at any time in part or in whole at WFOE’s sole
and absolute discretion. The purchase price shall be the lowest
price allowed by PRC laws. The Equity Option Agreements shall
remain effective until all the equity interest owned by each
operating entities shareholder has been legally transferred to WFOE
or its designee(s).
Voting
Rights Proxy Agreements. Pursuant to the Voting Rights Proxy
Agreements, each shareholder irrevocably appointed WFOE or WFOE’s
designee to exercise all his or her rights as the shareholders of
the operating entities under the Articles of Association of each
operating entity, including but not limited to the power to
exercise all shareholder’s voting rights with respect to all
matters to be discussed and voted in the shareholders’ meeting. The
term of each Voting Rights Proxy Agreement is 20 years. WFOE has
the right to extend each Voting Proxy Agreement by giving written
notification.
As discussed above, we operate a portion of business in China
through the VIEs and their subsidiaries, and rely on contractual
arrangements among our WFOEs, the VIEs, and their respective
shareholders to exert influence on the business operations of the
VIEs. The VIE structure provides our business operations in China
with contractual exposure to foreign investment. However, our
contractual arrangements with the VIEs are not equivalent of an
investment in the VIEs. Investors are purchasing equity securities
of our ultimate Nevada holding company rather than purchasing
equity securities of the VIEs. Chinese regulatory authorities could
disallow this structure, which would likely result in a material
change in our and/or the VIE’s operations and/or a material change
in the value of the securities we are registering for sale,
including that it could cause the value of such securities to
significantly decline or become worthless. If the PRC government
deems that the contractual arrangements with the consolidated VIEs
domiciled in China do not comply with PRC regulatory restrictions
on foreign investment in the relevant industries, or if these
regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change or
are interpreted differently in the future, we, our subsidiaries and
the VIEs could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to
relinquish their interests in those operations. It is uncertain
whether any new PRC laws or regulations relating to variable
interest entity structures will be adopted or if adopted, what they
would provide. In addition, to the extent cash is located in the
PRC or within a PRC domiciled entity and may need to be used to
fund operations outside of the PRC, the funds may not be available
due to limitations placed on us, our subsidiaries and the VIEs by
the PRC government. To the extent cash or assets in the business is
in the PRC or Hong Kong or in a PRC or Hong Kong entity, and may
need to be used to fund operations outside of the PRC or Hong Kong,
the funds and assets may not be available to fund operations or for
other uses outside of the PRC or Hong Kong due to interventions in
or the imposition of restrictions and limitations by the government
on us, our subsidiaries’ or the VIEs’ ability to transfer cash and
assets.
Consolidating Statements of Income Information
The following is the tabular form condensed consolidating schedule
depicting the financial position, cash flows and results of
operations for the parent, the subsidiaries, the consolidated
variable interest entities, and any eliminating adjustments
separately - as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and
for year ended December 31, 2021.
Financial Information Related to the VIEs:
Audited Consolidated Balance Sheets
Planet Green Holdings Corp.
Audited Consolidated Balance Sheets
As of December 31, 2020
(Stated in US Dollars)
|
|
Parent |
|
|
Subsidiaries |
|
|
WFOE |
|
|
VIE |
|
|
Eliminations |
|
|
Consolidated |
|
Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current
assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
$ |
525,051 |
|
|
$ |
455,166 |
|
|
$ |
1,907,486 |
|
|
$ |
528,048 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
3,415,751 |
|
Trade receivables, net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
835,384 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
835,384 |
|
Inventories |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,251,628 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,251,628 |
|
Advances and prepayments to suppliers |
|
|
|
|
|
|
66,136 |
|
|
|
4,641,337 |
|
|
|
1,215,089 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,922,562 |
|
Other receivables and other current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
22,331 |
|
|
|
15,308 |
|
|
|
7,726,607 |
|
|
|
-6,672,431 |
|
|
|
1,091,815 |
|
Related party receivable |
|
|
11,210,000 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-11,210,000 |
|
|
|
- |
|
Discontinued operations - current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
Total current assets |
|
|
11,735,051 |
|
|
|
543,633 |
|
|
|
6,564,131 |
|
|
|
12,556,756 |
|
|
|
-17,882,431 |
|
|
|
13,517,140 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property, plant and equipment, net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,022 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,592,615 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,596,637 |
|
Intangible assets, net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
24,853 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,491,614 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,516,467 |
|
Long-term Investments |
|
|
14,104,293 |
|
|
|
2,012,228 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-16,116,521 |
|
|
|
- |
|
Goodwill |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,340,111 |
|
|
|
2,340,111 |
|
Total Non-Current Assets |
|
|
14,104,293 |
|
|
|
2,041,103 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,084,229 |
|
|
|
-13,776,410 |
|
|
|
8,453,215 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Assets |
|
$ |
25,839,344 |
|
|
$ |
2,584,736 |
|
|
$ |
6,564,131 |
|
|
$ |
18,640,985 |
|
|
|
-31,658,841 |
|
|
$ |
21,970,355 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable |
|
|
279,186 |
|
|
|
2,400 |
|
|
|
3,891 |
|
|
|
1,017,373 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,302,850 |
|
Taxes payable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
27,807 |
|
|
|
-355 |
|
|
|
171,231 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
198,683 |
|
Accrued liabilities and other payables |
|
|
627,973 |
|
|
|
120,443 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
8,951,117 |
|
|
|
-7,850,951 |
|
|
|
1,848,597 |
|
Customers deposits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
28,424 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
213,469 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
241,893 |
|
Related party other payables |
|
|
1,648,001 |
|
|
|
4,312,003 |
|
|
|
4,509,230 |
|
|
|
2,716,537 |
|
|
|
-13,165,921 |
|
|
|
19,850 |
|
Deferred income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
15,682 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15,682 |
|
Discontinued operations - current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
Total current liabilities |
|
|
2,555,160 |
|
|
|
4,506,759 |
|
|
|
4,512,781 |
|
|
|
13,069,727 |
|
|
|
-21,016,872 |
|
|
|
3,627,555 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
Lease payable- non-current |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
Long-term payables |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
31,364 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31,364 |
|
Total Non-Current Liabilities |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
31,364 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
31,364 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
Total Liabilities |
|
$ |
2,555,160 |
|
|
$ |
4,538,123 |
|
|
$ |
4,512,781 |
|
|
$ |
13,069,727 |
|
|
|
-21,016,872 |
|
|
$ |
3,658,919 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders’ Equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Stock |
|
|
14,010 |
|
|
|
79 |
|
|
|
2,121,387 |
|
|
|
6,314,908 |
|
|
|
-8,438,574 |
|
|
|
11,810 |
|
Additional paid-in capital |
|
|
94,437,488 |
|
|
|
5,127,194 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-3,905,322 |
|
|
|
95,659,360 |
|
Accumulated deficit |
|
|
-71,167,314 |
|
|
|
-7,080,661 |
|
|
|
-70,037 |
|
|
|
-793,600 |
|
|
|
-5,220,285 |
|
|
|
-84,331,897 |
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
49,950 |
|
|
|
6,922,213 |
|
|
|
6,972,163 |
|
Total Stockholders’ Equity |
|
|
23,284,184 |
|
|
|
-1,953,388 |
|
|
|
2,051,350 |
|
|
|
5,571,258 |
|
|
|
-10,641,968 |
|
|
|
18,311,436 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |
|
$ |
25,839,344 |
|
|
$ |
2,584,736 |
|
|
$ |
6,564,131 |
|
|
$ |
18,640,985 |
|
|
|
-31,658,841 |
|
|
$ |
21,970,355 |
|
Planet Green Holdings Corp.
Audited Consolidated Balance Sheets
As of December 31, 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)
|
|
Parent |
|
|
Subsidiaries |
|
|
WFOE |
|
|
VIE |
|
|
Eliminations |
|
|
Consolidated |
|
Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
$ |
233,384 |
|
|
$ |
195,489 |
|
|
$ |
253,819 |
|
|
$ |
67,966 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
750,658 |
|
Restricted cash |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
380,750 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
380,750 |
|
Accounts receivable, net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,158,507 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,660,566 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,819,073 |
|
Inventories |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,571,563 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,244,869 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,816,432 |
|
Advances to suppliers |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,309,942 |
|
|
|
60,372 |
|
|
|
310,769 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,681,083 |
|
Other receivables |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,025,648 |
|
|
|
40,780 |
|
|
|
118,708 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,185,136 |
|
Inter-company receivable |
|
|
23,912,000 |
|
|
|
7,616,486 |
|
|
|
8,803,615 |
|
|
|
1,725,302 |
|
|
|
-42,057,403 |
|
|
|
- |
|
Other receivables-related parties |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,570 |
|
|
|
18,822 |
|
|
|
7,650,042 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,670,434 |
|
Total current assets |
|
|
24,145,384 |
|
|
|
18,879,205 |
|
|
|
9,177,408 |
|
|
|
17,158,972 |
|
|
|
-42,057,403 |
|
|
|
27,303,566 |
|
Non-current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
Plant and equipment, net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,930,722 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
12,554,727 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20,485,449 |
|
Intangible assets, net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,404,603 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,795,048 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,199,651 |
|
Construction in progress, net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,475,874 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,475,874 |
|
Prepayment investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
705,805 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
705,805 |
|
Long-term investments |
|
|
39,656,213 |
|
|
|
2,000,496 |
|
|
|
3,136,910 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
-41,656,709 |
|
|
|
3,136,910 |
|
Investment in real estates |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
7,770,943 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,770,943 |
|
Deferred tax assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
355,980 |
|
|
|
390,696 |
|
|
|
425,374 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,172,050 |
|
Goodwill |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18,180,532 |
|
|
|
18,180,532 |
|
Right-of-use assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
584,802 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
584,802 |
|
Total non-current assets |
|
|
39,656,213 |
|
|
|
12,276,603 |
|
|
|
12,004,354 |
|
|
|
18,251,023 |
|
|
|
-23,476,177 |
|
|
|
58,712,016 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets |
|
$ |
63,801,597 |
|
|
$ |
31,155,808 |
|
|
$ |
21,181,762 |
|
|
$ |
35,409,995 |
|
|
|
-65,533,580 |
|
|
$ |
86,015,582 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Short-term bank loans |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,822,054 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,822,054 |
|
Accounts payable |
|
|
279,186 |
|
|
|
2,399,554 |
|
|
|
243 |
|
|
|
3,558,827 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,237,810 |
|
Advance from customers |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,713,506 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,476,585 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,190,091 |
|
Taxes payable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
574,935 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
212,658 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
787,593 |
|
Other payables and accrued liabilities |
|
|
3,511,210 |
|
|
|
1,096,206 |
|
|
|
722,378 |
|
|
|
3,305,395 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,635,189 |
|
Intercompany payable |
|
|
1,726,764 |
|
|
|
16,962,121 |
|
|
|
19,765,712 |
|
|
|
7,131,860 |
|
|
|
-45,586,457 |
|
|
|
- |
|
Other payables-related parties |
|
|
440,000 |
|
|
|
797,818 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,958,409 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,196,227 |
|
Lease liabilities-current portion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
436,191 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
436,191 |
|
Deferred income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
15,699 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
58,033 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
73,732 |
|
Total current liabilities |
|
|
5,957,160 |
|
|
|
24,996,030 |
|
|
|
20,488,333 |
|
|
|
28,523,821 |
|
|
|
-45,586,457 |
|
|
|
34,378,887 |
|
Non-current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lease liabilities - non-current |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
Long-term payables |
|
|
|
|
|
|
31,398 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
348,947 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
380,345 |
|
Total non-current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
31,398 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
348,947 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
380,345 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities |
|
$ |
5,957,160 |
|
|
$ |
25,027,427 |
|
|
$ |
20,488,333 |
|
|
$ |
28,872,769 |
|
|
|
-45,586,457 |
|
|
$ |
34,759,232 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders’ equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021 |
|
|
35,582 |
|
|
|
11,025,241 |
|
|
|
2,000,000 |
|
|
|
12,326,270 |
|
|
|
-25,351,511 |
|
|
|
35,582 |
|
Additional paid-in capital |
|
|
130,727,596 |
|
|
|
5,127,194 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-2,622,566 |
|
|
|
133,232,224 |
|
Statutory reserve |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29,006 |
|
|
|
-29,006 |
|
|
|
- |
|
Accumulated deficit |
|
|
-72,918,741 |
|
|
|
-21,928,831 |
|
|
|
-1,306,571 |
|
|
|
-5,357,908 |
|
|
|
7,439,668 |
|
|
|
-94,072,383 |
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,904,777 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-460,142 |
|
|
|
-3,733,578 |
|
|
|
7,711,057 |
|
Non-controlling interests |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,349,870 |
|
|
|
4,349,870 |
|
Total stockholders’ equity |
|
|
57,844,437 |
|
|
|
6,128,381 |
|
|
|
693,429 |
|
|
|
6,537,226 |
|
|
|
-19,947,123 |
|
|
|
51,256,350 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |
|
$ |
63,801,597 |
|
|
$ |
31,155,808 |
|
|
$ |
21,181,762 |
|
|
$ |
35,409,995 |
|
|
|
-65,533,580 |
|
|
$ |
86,015,582 |
|
Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets:
Planet Green Holdings Corp.
Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets
As of September 30, 2022
(Stated in US Dollars)
|
|
Parent |
|
|
Subsidiaries |
|
|
WFOE |
|
|
VIEs |
|
|
Eliminations |
|
|
Consolidated |
|
Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current
assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
and cash equivalents |
|
$ |
15,648 |
|
|
$ |
154,388 |
|
|
$ |
16,544 |
|
|
$ |
39,927 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
226,507 |
|
Restricted
cash |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
84,588 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
84,588 |
|
Accounts
and notes receivable, net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,296,272 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,015,068 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,311,340 |
|
Inventories |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,331,726 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,876,446 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,208,172 |
|
Advances
to suppliers |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,589,171 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
640,278 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,229,449 |
|
Other
receivables |
|
|
|
|
|
|
479,962 |
|
|
|
389,840 |
|
|
|
109,633 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
979,435 |
|
Inter-company
receivable |
|
|
23,082,227 |
|
|
|
6,670,512 |
|
|
|
8,205,753 |
|
|
|
1,549,339 |
|
|
|
-39,507,831 |
|
|
|
- |
|
Other
receivables-related parties |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
767,324 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
5,965,861 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,733,185 |
|
Total
current assets |
|
|
23,097,875 |
|
|
|
18,289,355 |
|
|
|
8,612,137 |
|
|
|
14,281,140 |
|
|
|
-39,507,831 |
|
|
|
24,772,676 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-current
assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plant
and equipment, net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,619,045 |
|
|
|
6,845,805 |
|
|
|
12,529,014 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25,993,864 |
|
Intangible
assets, net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,152,585 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,465,620 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,618,205 |
|
Construction
in progress, net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,020 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20,564 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25,584 |
|
Prepayment
investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
Long-term
investments |
|
|
69,035,713 |
|
|
|
1,987,276 |
|
|
|
2,816,981 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-57,322,989 |
|
|
|
16,516,981 |
|
Investment
property |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
Deferred
tax assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
670,524 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
381,990 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,052,514 |
|
Goodwill |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25,374,497 |
|
|
|
25,374,497 |
|
Right-of-use
assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
233,671 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
233,671 |
|
Total
non-current assets |
|
|
69,035,713 |
|
|
|
10,668,121 |
|
|
|
9,662,786 |
|
|
|
15,397,188 |
|
|
|
-31,948,492 |
|
|
|
72,815,316 |
|
Total
assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
92,133,588 |
|
|
$ |
28,957,476 |
|
|
$ |
18,274,923 |
|
|
$ |
29,678,328 |
|
|
$ |
-71,456,323 |
|
|
$ |
97,587,992 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities
and Stockholders' Equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current
liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Short-term
bank loans |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,002,354 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,002,354 |
|
Accounts
payable |
|
|
279,186 |
|
|
|
3,744,392 |
|
|
|
205,029 |
|
|
|
3,130,143 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,358,750 |
|
Advance
from customers |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,315,493 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,422,964 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,738,457 |
|
Taxes
payable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
765,978 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
192,979 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
958,957 |
|
Other
payables and accrued liabilities |
|
|
487,973 |
|
|
|
881,385 |
|
|
|
467,845 |
|
|
|
2,936,512 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,773,715 |
|
Intercompany
payable |
|
|
1,726,764 |
|
|
|
16,088,644 |
|
|
|
16,721,157 |
|
|
|
6,210,118 |
|
|
|
-40,746,684 |
|
|
|
- |
|
Other
payables-related parties |
|
|
4,828,463 |
|
|
|
998,878 |
|
|
|
950,731 |
|
|
|
3,634,693 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,412,765 |
|
Lease
liabilities-current portion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
200,436 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
200,436 |
|
Long
term payable-current portion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred
income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
14,672 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
40,494 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
55166 |
|
Total
current liabilities |
|
|
7,322,387 |
|
|
|
25,009,878 |
|
|
|
18,344,762 |
|
|
|
24,570,257 |
|
|
|
-40,746,684 |
|
|
|
34,500,600 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-current
liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term
bank loans |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
281,698 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
281,698 |
|
Long-term
payables |
|
|
|
|
|
|
29,344 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
258,451 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
287,795 |
|
Total
non-current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
29,344 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
540,149 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
569,493 |
|
Total
Liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
7,322,387 |
|
|
$ |
25,039,222 |
|
|
$ |
18,344,762 |
|
|
$ |
25,110,406 |
|
|
$ |
-40,746,684 |
|
|
$ |
35,070,093 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders’
equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issued
and outstanding as of December 31, 2021 |
|
|
72,082 |
|
|
|
11,025,241 |
|
|
|
2,000,000 |
|
|
|
12,326,270 |
|
|
|
-25,351,511 |
|
|
|
72,082 |
|
Additional
paid-in capital |
|
|
158,820,596 |
|
|
|
5,127,194 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-8,244,815 |
|
|
|
155,702,975 |
|
Statutory
reserve |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29,006 |
|
|
|
-29,006 |
|
|
|
- |
|
Accumulated
deficit |
|
|
-74,081,477 |
|
|
|
-23,277,169 |
|
|
|
-2,211,472 |
|
|
|
-6,757,686 |
|
|
|
7,384,661 |
|
|
|
-98,943,143 |
|
Accumulated
other comprehensive income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,042,989 |
|
|
|
141,633 |
|
|
|
-1,029,668 |
|
|
|
-5,958,255 |
|
|
|
4,196,698 |
|
Non-controlling
interests |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,489,287 |
|
|
|
1,489,287 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
stockholders’ equity |
|
|
84,811,201 |
|
|
|
3,918,254 |
|
|
|
-69,839 |
|
|
|
4,567,922 |
|
|
|
-30,709,639 |
|
|
|
62,517,899 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
liabilities and stockholders’ equity |
|
$ |
92,133,588 |
|
|
$ |
28,957,476 |
|
|
|
18,274,923 |
|
|
$ |
29,678,328 |
|
|
$ |
-71,456,323 |
|
|
$ |
97,587,992 |
|
Audited
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss)
Income:
Planet Green Holdings Corp.
Audited Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive
(Loss) Income
For the Years Ende December 31, 2020
(Stated in US Dollars)
|
|
|
Parent
|
|
|
|
Subsidiaries
|
|
|
|
WFOE |
|
|
|
VIE |
|
|
|
Eliminations |
|
|
|
Consolidated |
|
Net revenues |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
3,804,595 |
|
|
|
-165,794 |
|
|
$ |
3,638,801 |
|
Cost of revenues |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,468,367 |
|
|
|
-98,631 |
|
|
|
2,369,736 |
|
Gross profit |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,336,228 |
|
|
|
-67,163 |
|
|
|
1,269,065 |
|
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selling and marketing expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
105,125 |
|
|
|
54,984 |
|
|
|
160,109 |
|
General and administrative expenses |
|
|
2,182,980 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
56,988 |
|
|
|
895,195 |
|
|
|
761,326 |
|
|
|
3,896,489 |
|
Research & Developing expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
Total operating expenses |
|
|
2,182,980 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
56,988 |
|
|
|
1,000,321 |
|
|
|
816,309 |
|
|
|
4,056,598 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating (loss) income |
|
|
-2,182,980 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-56,988 |
|
|
|
335,907 |
|
|
|
-883,472 |
|
|
|
-2,787,533 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other (expenses) income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income (expenses) net |
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-18,691 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-4,776 |
|
|
|
-23,407 |
|
Other income (expenses) net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-294,515 |
|
|
|
321,833 |
|
|
|
27,318 |
|
Impairment
of goodwill |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-2,339,829 |
|
|
|
-2,339,829 |
|
Write off receivables from disposal of former subsidiaries |
|
|
-6,078,623 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
-6,078,623 |
|
Total other (expenses) income |
|
|
-6,078,563 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-18,691 |
|
|
|
-294,515 |
|
|
|
-2,022,772 |
|
|
|
-8,414,541 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Loss) income before income taxes |
|
|
-8,261,543 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-75,679 |
|
|
|
41,392 |
|
|
|
-2,906,244 |
|
|
|
-11,202,074 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Loss) income from discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
150,911 |
|
|
|
150,911 |
|
Income tax expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net (loss) income |
|
|
-8,261,543 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-75,679 |
|
|
|
41,392 |
|
|
|
-2,755,333 |
|
|
|
-11,051,163 |
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-1,231,778 |
|
|
|
-1,231,778 |
|
Net (loss) income attributable to common shareholders |
|
$ |
-8,261,543 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
-75,679 |
|
|
$ |
41,392 |
|
|
|
-3,987,111 |
|
|
$ |
-12,282,941 |
|
Planet Green Holdings Corp.
Audited Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive
(Loss) Income
For the Years Ende December 31, 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)
|
|
|
Parent
|
|
|
|
Subsidiaries
|
|
|
|
WFOE |
|
|
|
VIE |
|
|
|
Eliminations |
|
|
|
Consolidated |
|
Net revenues |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
4,082,296 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
9,694,499 |
|
|
|
23,991,169 |
|
|
$ |
37,767,964 |
|
Cost of revenues |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,014,104 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,486,996 |
|
|
|
22,420,609 |
|
|
|
33,921,709 |
|
Gross profit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
68,192 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,207,503 |
|
|
|
1,570,560 |
|
|
|
3,846,255 |
|
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
Selling and marketing expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
139,732 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,908,188 |
|
|
|
5,532 |
|
|
|
2,053,452 |
|
General and administrative expenses |
|
|
1,751,428 |
|
|
|
2,808,522 |
|
|
|
1,384,590 |
|
|
|
575,880 |
|
|
|
700,349 |
|
|
|
7,220,769 |
|
Research & developing expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
56,119 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
250,701 |
|
|
|
501,563 |
|
|
|
808,383 |
|
Total operating expenses |
|
|
1,751,428 |
|
|
|
3,004,373 |
|
|
|
1,384,590 |
|
|
|
2,734,769 |
|
|
|
1,207,444 |
|
|
|
10,082,604 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating (loss) income |
|
|
-1,751,428 |
|
|
|
-2,936,181 |
|
|
|
-1,384,590 |
|
|
|
-527,266 |
|
|
|
363,116 |
|
|
|
-6,236,349 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
Other (expenses) income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
Interest income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,385 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,455 |
|
Interest expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
-19,045 |
|
|
|
-7,413 |
|
|
|
-468,332 |
|
|
|
-151,782 |
|
|
|
-646,572 |
|
Other income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
156,965 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
143,920 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
300,885 |
|
Other expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
-3,064 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-126 |
|
|
|
-87,456 |
|
|
|
-90,646 |
|
Impairment of goodwill |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-3,263,424 |
|
|
|
-3,263,424 |
|
Total other (expenses) income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
136,241 |
|
|
|
-7,413 |
|
|
|
-324,469 |
|
|
|
-3,502,661 |
|
|
|
-3,698,302 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Loss) income before income taxes |
|
|
-1,751,428 |
|
|
|
-2,799,940 |
|
|
|
-1,392,003 |
|
|
|
-851,735 |
|
|
|
-3,139,545 |
|
|
|
-9,934,651 |
|
Income tax expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
-147 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-56,303 |
|
|
|
-56,450 |
|
Net (loss) income |
|
|
-1,751,428 |
|
|
|
-2,800,087 |
|
|
|
-1,392,003 |
|
|
|
-851,735 |
|
|
|
-3,195,848 |
|
|
|
-9,991,101 |
|
Less: Net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling
interest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
250,616 |
|
|
|
250,616 |
|
Net (loss) income attributable to common shareholders |
|
$ |
-1,751,428 |
|
|
$ |
-2,800,087 |
|
|
$ |
-1,392,003 |
|
|
$ |
-851,735 |
|
|
$ |
-2,945,232 |
|
|
$ |
-9,740,485 |
|
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations and
Comprehensive (Loss) Income:
Planet Green Holdings Corp.
Audited Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive
(Loss) Income
As of September 30, 2022
(Stated in US Dollars)
|
|
|
Parent |
|
|
|
Subsidiaries |
|
|
|
WFOE |
|
|
|
VIE |
|
|
|
Consolidated |
|
Revenues |
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
$ |
25,208,319 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
$ |
12,579,725 |
|
|
$ |
37,788,044 |
|
Cost of
revenues |
|
|
|
|
|
|
24,536,599 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,648,299 |
|
|
|
35,184,898 |
|
Gross profit
(loss) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
671,720 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
1,931,426 |
|
|
|
2,603,146 |
|
Operating expenses |
|
|
1,162,356 |
|
|
|
2,412,644 |
|
|
|
744,689 |
|
|
|
2,985,404 |
|
|
|
7,305,093 |
|
Loss from operations |
|
|
-1,162,356 |
|
|
|
-1,740,924 |
|
|
|
-744,689 |
|
|
|
-1,053,978 |
|
|
|
-4,701,947 |
|
Other income
(expense), net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
169,895 |
|
|
|
465 |
|
|
|
-345,800 |
|
|
|
-175,440 |
|
Income
(loss) before income taxes |
|
|
-1,162,356 |
|
|
|
-1,571,029 |
|
|
|
-744,224 |
|
|
|
-1,399,778 |
|
|
|
-4,877,387 |
|
Income tax
expense |
|
|
|
|
|
|
-175,101 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-175,101 |
|
Net income
(loss) |
|
|
-1,162,356 |
|
|
|
-1,746,130 |
|
|
|
-744,224 |
|
|
|
-1,399,778 |
|
|
|
-5,052,488 |
|
Audited
Consolidated cash flow information:
Planet Green Holdings Corp.
Audited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the Years Ended December 31, 2020
(Stated in US Dollars)
|
|
Parent |
|
|
Subsidiaries |
|
|
WFOE |
|
|
VIE |
|
|
Consolidated |
|
Net cash used in operating
activities |
|
$ |
524,951 |
|
|
$ |
-2,144,487 |
|
|
$ |
2,859,332 |
|
|
$ |
-4,738,899 |
|
|
$ |
-3,499,103 |
|
Net cash used in investing
activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,568,660 |
|
|
|
-3,061,568 |
|
|
|
-359,929 |
|
|
|
-852,837 |
|
Net cash
provided by financing activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
-1,892,884 |
|
|
|
2,131,280 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
238,396 |
|
Net decrease in
cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
524,951 |
|
|
|
-1,468,710 |
|
|
|
1,929,043 |
|
|
|
-5,098,828 |
|
|
|
-4,113,544 |
|
Effect of exchange rate on cash |
|
|
|
|
|
|
278,358 |
|
|
|
-21,573 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
256,785 |
|
Cash and cash
equivalents at beginning of year |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
1,645,519 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
5,626,876 |
|
|
|
7,272,510 |
|
Cash and cash
equivalents at end of year |
|
|
525,051 |
|
|
|
455,166 |
|
|
|
1,907,486 |
|
|
|
528,048 |
|
|
|
3,415,751 |
|
Planet Green Holdings Corp.
Audited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the Years Ended December 31, 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)
|
|
Parent |
|
|
Subsidiaries |
|
|
WFOE |
|
|
VIE |
|
|
Consolidated |
|
Net cash used in operating
activities |
|
$ |
-291,668 |
|
|
$ |
-7,947,439 |
|
|
$ |
5,765,621 |
|
|
$ |
1,954,090 |
|
|
$ |
-519,396 |
|
Net cash used in investing
activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
-3,957,144 |
|
|
|
-7,458,005 |
|
|
|
-399,253 |
|
|
|
-11,814,402 |
|
Net cash
provided by financing activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,660,383 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-1,728,675 |
|
|
|
8,931,708 |
|
Net decrease in
cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
-291,668 |
|
|
|
-1,244,200 |
|
|
|
-1,692,383 |
|
|
|
-173,839 |
|
|
|
-3,402,090 |
|
Effect of exchange rate on cash |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,079,030 |
|
|
|
38,717 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
1,117,747 |
|
Cash and cash
equivalents at beginning of year |
|
|
525,051 |
|
|
|
360,659 |
|
|
|
1,907,486 |
|
|
|
622,555 |
|
|
|
3,415,751 |
|
Cash and cash
equivalents at end of year |
|
|
233,384 |
|
|
|
195,489 |
|
|
|
253,819 |
|
|
|
448,716 |
|
|
|
1,131,408 |
|
Unaudited
Consolidated cash flow information:
Planet Green Holdings Corp.
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
As of September 30, 2022
(Stated in US Dollars)
|
|
Parent |
|
|
Subsidiaries |
|
|
WFOE |
|
|
VIE |
|
|
Consolidated |
|
Net cash used in operating
activities |
|
$ |
-217,736.18 |
|
|
$ |
-11,562,850 |
|
|
$ |
391,404 |
|
|
$ |
1,181,150 |
|
|
$ |
-10,208,033 |
|
Net cash used in investing
activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
-1,273,991 |
|
|
|
-602,838 |
|
|
|
-1,394,439 |
|
|
|
-3,271,268 |
|
Net cash
provided by financing activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,425,420 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-110,912 |
|
|
|
11,314,508 |
|
Net decrease in
cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
-217,736 |
|
|
|
-1,411,422 |
|
|
|
-211,434 |
|
|
|
-324,201 |
|
|
|
-2,164,793 |
|
Effect of exchange rate on cash |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,370,321 |
|
|
|
-25,841 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,344,480 |
|
Cash and cash
equivalents at beginning of year |
|
|
233,384 |
|
|
|
195,489 |
|
|
|
253,819 |
|
|
|
448,716 |
|
|
|
1,131,408 |
|
Cash and cash
equivalents at end of June 30, 2022 |
|
|
15,648 |
|
|
|
154,388 |
|
|
|
16,544 |
|
|
|
124,515 |
|
|
|
311,095 |
|
Cash Flows through
Our Organization:
Planet Green is a holding company with no material operations of
its own. We currently conduct our operations through our
subsidiaries including our WFOEs, the VIEs and their respective
subsidiaries. Cash is transferred through our organization in the
manner as follows: (1) we may transfer funds to our WFOEs through
our Hong Kong subsidiaries, Lucky Sky Planet Green Holdings Co.,
Limited (HK), Bless Chemical Co., Ltd. (HK), and Baokuan Technology
(Hongkong) Limited by additional capital contributions or
shareholder loans, as the case may be; (2) the VIEs may pay service
fees to our PRC subsidiaries for services rendered by our PRC
subsidiaries; (3) our PRC subsidiaries may pay service fees to the
VIEs for services rendered by the VIEs; and (4) our PRC
subsidiaries may make dividends or other distributions to Planet
Green. We do not have cash management policies dictating how funds
are transferred throughout our organization. We may encounter
difficulties in our ability to transfer cash between PRC
subsidiaries and non-PRC subsidiaries largely due to various PRC
laws and regulations imposed on foreign exchange. If we intend to
distribute dividends through Planet Green, our WFOEs will transfer
the dividends to our Hong Kong subsidiaries in accordance with the
laws and regulations of the PRC, and then our Hong Kong
subsidiaries will transfer the dividends to the Planet Green, and
the dividends will be distributed from the Planet Green to all
shareholders respectively in proportion to the shares they hold,
regardless of whether the shareholders are U.S. investors or
investors in other countries or regions. There can be no assurance
the PRC government will not intervene or impose restrictions on the
Company’s ability to transfer cash out of China. In 2020, our VIE
paid off a loan of $4,546,428 to our WOEF. As of December 31, 2020,
our VIE owned $1,179,910 to our WOEF as loan. In 2021, our PRC
subsidiaries did not receive any cash benefits from the VIEs for
services rendered to the VIEs and their subsidiaries. As of June
30, 2022, our subsidiaries owned $275,200 to our VIEs as loan. As
of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we were not subject to any actual
foreign exchange restrictions.
We have no present plans to distribute earnings or settle amounts
owed under the VIE agreements which it plans to retain the retained
earnings to continue to grow the business. No dividends or
distribution has been declared to paid to Planet Green from
subsidiaries or its VIEs and no dividends or distribution was made
to any U.S. investors.
Effects of PRC foreign exchange regulations on our ability to
transfer assets within our organization
Current foreign exchange and other regulations in the PRC may
restrict our PRC subsidiaries and VIEs in their ability to transfer
their net assets to Planet Green and its subsidiaries and to
investors. The PRC government imposes controls on the
convertibility of the Renminbi into foreign currencies and, in
certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China. Under our
current corporate structure, Planet Green as the holding company
may rely on dividend payments from its subsidiaries to fund any
cash and financing requirements Planet Green may have. Under
existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current
account items, including profit distributions, interest payments
and trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, can be
made in foreign currencies without prior approval of the State
Administration of Foreign Exchange (the “SAFE”) by complying with
certain procedural requirements. Specifically, under the existing
exchange restrictions, without prior approval of SAFE, cash
generated from the operations of our PRC subsidiaries in China may
be used to pay dividends to Planet Green. However, approval from or
registration with appropriate government authorities is required
where Renminbi is to be converted into foreign currency and
remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment
of loans denominated in foreign currencies. As a result, we need to
obtain SAFE approval to use cash generated from the operations of
our PRC subsidiaries and VIEs to pay off their respective debt in a
currency other than Renminbi owed to entities outside China, or to
make other capital expenditure payments outside China in a currency
other than Renminbi.
In light of the flood of capital outflows of China in 2016 due to
the weakening Renminbi, the PRC government has imposed more
restrictive foreign exchange policies and stepped up scrutiny of
major outbound capital movement including overseas direct
investment. More restrictions and substantial vetting process are
put in place by SAFE to regulate cross-border transactions falling
under the capital account. If any of Planet Green’s shareholders
regulated by such policies fail to satisfy the applicable overseas
direct investment filing or approval requirement timely or at all,
it may be subject to penalties from the relevant PRC authorities.
The PRC government may at its discretion further restrict access in
the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions.
If the foreign exchange control system prevents Planet Green from
obtaining sufficient foreign currencies to satisfy Planet Green’s
foreign currency demands, Planet Green may not be able to pay
dividends in foreign currencies to its shareholders.
Recent Regulatory Development
As we conduct substantially all of our operations in China, we are
subject to legal and operational risks associated with having
substantially all of our operations in China, including changes in
the legal, political and economic policies of the Chinese
government, the relations between China and the United States, or
Chinese or United States regulations may materially and adversely
affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
PRC laws and regulations governing our current business operations
are sometimes vague and uncertain, and therefore, these risks may
result in a material change in our operations and the value of our
common stock or could significantly limit or completely hinder our
ability to offer or continue to offer our securities to investors
and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or
be worthless. Recently, the PRC government initiated a series of
regulatory actions and made a number of public statements on the
regulation of business operations in China with little advance
notice, including cracking down on illegal activities in the
securities market, enhancing supervision over China-based companies
listed overseas, adopting new measures to extend the scope of
cybersecurity reviews, and expanding efforts in anti-monopoly
enforcement. We have relied on the opinion of our PRC counsel,
Hubei Kaicheng Law Office, that as of the date of this prospectus,
we are not directly subject to these regulatory actions or
statements, as we have not implemented any monopolistic behavior
and our business does not involve large-scale collection of user
data, implicate cybersecurity, or involve any other type of
restricted industry. As further advised by our PRC counsel, Hubei
Kaicheng Law Office, as of the date of this prospectus, no relevant
laws or regulations in the PRC explicitly require us to seek
approval from the China Securities Regulatory Commission (the
“CSRC”) or any other PRC governmental authorities for our overseas
listing or securities offering plans, nor has our company or any of
our subsidiaries received any inquiry, notice, warning or sanctions
regarding our offering of securities from the CSRC or any other PRC
governmental authorities. However, since these statements and
regulatory actions by the PRC government are newly published and
official guidance and related implementation rules have not been
issued, it is highly uncertain what potential impact such modified
or new laws and regulations will have on our daily business
operations, or ability to accept foreign investments and list on a
U.S. or other foreign exchange. The Standing Committee of the
National People’s Congress (the “SCNPC”) or other PRC regulatory
authorities may in the future promulgate laws, regulations or
implementing rules that require our company or any of our
subsidiaries to obtain regulatory approval from Chinese authorities
before offering securities in the U.S. In other words, although the
Company is currently not required to obtain permission from any of
the PRC central or local government and has not received any denial
to list on the U.S. exchange, our operations could be adversely
affected, directly or indirectly; our ability to offer, or continue
to offer, securities to investors would be potentially hindered and
the value of our securities might significantly decline or be
worthless, by existing or future laws and regulations relating to
its business or industry or by intervene or interruption by PRC
governmental authorities, if we or our subsidiaries (i) do not
receive or maintain such permissions or approvals, (ii)
inadvertently conclude that such permissions or approvals are not
required, (iii) applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations
change and we are required to obtain such permissions or approvals
in the future, or (iv) any intervention or interruption by PRC
governmental with little advance notice. See “Risk Factors -
Risks Related to Doing Business in China” beginning on page 30
for a detailed description of various risks related to doing
business in China and other information that should be considered
before making a decision to purchase any of our securities.
Enforcement of Civil Liabilities
Currently all our directors and majority of senior executive
officers either are physically reside in China for a significant
portion of each year, and/or are PRC nationals. As a result, it may
be difficult for you to effect service of process upon us or those
persons inside mainland China. In addition, there is uncertainty as
to whether the PRC courts would recognize or enforce judgments of
U.S. courts against us or such persons predicated upon the civil
liability provisions of U.S. securities laws or those of any U.S.
state.
The recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided
for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. PRC courts may
recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the
requirements of the PRC Civil Procedures Law based either
on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is
made or on principles of reciprocity between jurisdictions. China
does not have any treaties or other forms of written arrangement
with the U.S. that provide for the reciprocal recognition and
enforcement of foreign judgments. In addition, according to
the PRC Civil Procedures Law, the PRC courts will not enforce
a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they
decide that the judgment violates the basic principles of PRC laws
or national sovereignty, security, or public interest. As a result,
it is uncertain whether and on what basis a PRC court would enforce
a judgment rendered by a court in the U.S.
It may also be difficult for you or overseas regulators to conduct
investigations or collect evidence within China. For example, in
China, there are significant legal and other obstacles to obtaining
information needed for shareholder investigations or litigation
outside China or otherwise with respect to foreign entities.
Although the authorities in China may establish a regulatory
cooperation mechanism with its counterparts of another country or
region to monitor and oversee cross-border securities activities,
such regulatory cooperation with the securities regulatory
authorities in the U.S. may not be efficient in the absence of a
practical cooperation mechanism. Furthermore, according to Article
177 of the PRC Securities Law, or “Article 177,” which became
effective in March 2020, no overseas securities regulator is
allowed to directly conduct investigations or evidence collection
activities within the territory of the PRC. Article 177 further
provides that Chinese entities and individuals are not allowed to
provide documents or materials related to securities business
activities to foreign agencies without prior consent from the
securities regulatory authority of the PRC State Council and the
competent departments of the PRC State Council. While detailed
interpretation of or implementing rules under Article 177 have yet
to be promulgated, the inability for an overseas securities
regulator to directly conduct an investigation or evidence
collection activities within China may further increase
difficulties faced by you in protecting your interests.
Products
We grow, produce and distribute Cyan brick tea, black tea and green
tea in China. In addition, we also research, develop, manufacture
and sell products of formaldehyde, urea formaldehyde adhesive,
methylal, ethanol fuel, fuel additives, clean fuel. We also import
and distribute beef products in China.
Our ethanol fuel and fuel additives products business are carried
on by our subsidiary, Jingshan Sanhe Luckysky.
Our formaldehyde, urea formaldehyde adhesive, methylal, and clean
fuel products business is carried out by our VIE company, Jilin
Chuangyuan.
Our researching, developing, and manufacturing insulation type
explosion-proof skid-mounted refueling equipment, LNG cryogenic
equipment, and SF double-deck oil storage tank business is carried
out by our VIE company, Anhui Ansheng.
Our beef products importation and distribution business are carried
out by our subsidiary, Shandong Yunchu.
Services
We provide a demand-side platform which allows buyers of digital
advertising inventory to manage multiple advertisement exchange and
data exchange through one interface. We also develop and operate
online game which facilitate our online advertising placements. Our
digital service is provided by Fast Approach and Allinyson.
Our Manufacturing Facilities
General
We currently manufacture our products in Meihekou City, Jilin
Province, Jingshan City, and Xianning City of Hubei Province, as
well as Xuancheng City, Anhui Province in China.
The
following table indicates the year that operations commenced at
each of the facilities and the size of the facilities.
Facility |
|
Year
Operations
Commenced |
|
|
Facility
Size
(square meters) |
|
Xianning
Bozhuang |
|
|
2013 |
|
|
|
33,333 |
|
Jingshan
Sanhe Luckysky |
|
|
2018 |
|
|
|
11,018 |
|
Jilin
Chuangyuan |
|
|
2013 |
|
|
|
59,690 |
|
Anhui
Ansheng |
|
|
2012 |
|
|
|
100,000 |
|
Production
Lines
We
currently manufacture our different products using production lines
operated through our subsidiaries.
The
production process for our cyan brick tea products involves,
primary processing of fresh leaves, piling and fermenting, storing
and aging, picking, pressing, and baking. The production process
for our black tea products involves selecting and sorting the fresh
leaves, withering, rolling, fermenting, baking and drying, grading
according to color, prompting fragrance, packing and warehousing.
The production process for our green tea products involves
selecting and sorting the fresh leaves, airing, fixating, cooling,
rolling, stir drying, selecting and grading, prompting fragrance,
packing and warehousing.
The
production process for our formaldehyde products is illustrated as
follows. The raw material methanol, after being injected into the
high position tank, enters the methanol evaporator through the
filter, mixes with the air from the roots blower to form the binary
mixture, and then adds steam to form the ternary mixture, which is
heated by the superheater to 120 ℃ and enters the oxidizer, carries
out oxidation and dehydrogenation reaction through the silver
catalyst to form the formaldehyde gas, and then absorbs the
formaldehyde solution through the first absorption tower and the
second absorption tower. The excess waste gas is burned out by the
exhaust gas boiler.
The
production process for our methyl starting with the raw materials
methanol and formaldehyde are pumped into the reaction distillation
tower according to the proportion. At the bottom of the tower,
formaldehyde and methanol are indirectly heated by steam. The
reaction liquid vapor from the tower upwards through the catalyst
reaction to produce methyl acetal, and then through the
distillation tower separation, cooling, the final product methyl
acetal.
The
production process for our urea-formaldehyde glue is demonstrated
as follows. Formaldehyde is pumped from the formaldehyde workshop
into the tank of formaldehyde storage, and then pumped into the
metering tank through the feed pump of formaldehyde. After the PH
value is adjusted by adding alkali, it is sent into the reaction
kettle. At the same time, urea is also added into the kettle
according to the corresponding proportion, heating the reaction
kettle. After heating up the kettle, melamine is added, so that the
material can undergo addition reaction in the kettle. After the PH
value is adjusted by dropping formic acid in the kettle, the
material is sent into the condensation kettle through the transfer
pump. Urea and additives are added into the condensation kettle
according to a certain proportion for condensation reaction, and
the finished product is formed after cooling treatment.
The
production process for our clean fuel oil is illustrated as
follows. The self-control design of the facilities for storage of
raw materials and addition of additives shall, in accordance with
the requirements of the process, conduct centralized indication and
adjustment of the temperature, flow rate and liquid level of the
raw oil tanks, raw oil metering tanks, product oil allocation tanks
and finished oil tanks during the fuel blending process; realize
remote monitoring of the whole fuel production process, and conduct
on-the-spot indication of pressure and partial flow
rate.
The
production process for our construction rubber powder
(re-dispersible latex powder) is demonstrated as follows. Using
polymer emulsion (VAE emulsion) as raw material, all kinds of
additives are added, and then transported to the reaction kettle
through diaphragm pump to warm up and mix evenly, and then
transported to the mixing kettle with additives through diaphragm
pump to mix evenly, then transported to the high-speed reactor
through diaphragm pump to emulsify, emulsified and then transported
to the spare material tank through the diaphragm pump, and then
transported to the spray drying tower through the spare material
tank through the diaphragm pump to form polymer powder after spray
drying, and the polymer powder and various additives are mixed and
screened through the mixer to be packed into the
warehouse.
The following table shows the number and types of production lines,
the types of products produced and the production capacity as of
the date of this prospectus:
Facility |
|
Production
Lines |
|
Product
Portfolio |
|
Capacity |
Jingshan
Sanhe Luckysky |
|
There
are two production lines: the production line of ethanol fuel and
the production line of fuel additive |
|
Alcohol
based clean fuel, liquid wax, arene and biomass fuel |
|
Two
production lines with a total production capacity of 300,000 tons/
year for ethanol fuel, and 3000 tons/year for fuel
additive |
Xianning
Bozhuang |
|
There
are six production lines: the production line of cyan brick tea
with traditional handicraft; the production line of cyan brick tea;
the production line of teabag; the production line of green tea and
the production line of black tea |
|
Cyan
brick tea, black tea and green tea |
|
Production
line with 5,020 tons of production capacity |
Jilin
Chuangyuan |
|
The
company has two formaldehyde production lines, eight rubber
production units, one methylal production line and one clean fuel
oil production line |
|
Formaldehyde,
urea formaldehyde adhesive, methylal and clean fuel oil |
|
Annual
production capacity of 120,000 tons of formaldehyde, 100,000 tons
of urea formaldehyde glue, 3,0000 tons of methylal and 20,000 tons
of clean fuel oil |
Anhui
Ansheng |
|
The
company has one production line for cryogenic liquid storage tanks
and one production line for skid mounted refueling
device |
|
Cryogenic
Liquid Storage Tank,Microbulk Solutions for IG –Pama, Medical
oxygen integrated air supply station, Microbulk Solutions for LNG
-Pama, Integrated LNG Supply Staion-AYS, Vaporizer for industrial
gases and LNG, L-CNG filling station, Container LNG filling
station, Gas supply station design and installation |
|
The
annual production capacity of 400-450 units of cryogenic liquid
storage tanks and 35- 50 sets of skid mounted refueling
devices |
We operate
our production lines year-round.
Raw Materials
Our Supply Sources
Our business depends on obtaining a reliable supply of various
products, including tea, refined methanol, methanol, formaldehyde
and polymer emulsion. Because of the diversity of available sources
of these raw materials, we believe that our raw materials are
currently in adequate supply.
For our tea operation carried out by Xianning Bozhuang, Xianning
Bozhaung obtains the raw materials primarily from domestic
procurement. Xianning Bozhuang purchases approximately 400 tons of
tea from suppliers in 2020. For our business lines of ethanol fuel
and fuel additive, Xianning Bozhuang purchased approximately 710
tons of additive material from suppliers in 2020.
For our business lines of formaldehyde, rubber and methylal
products, Jilin Chuangyuan purchased approximately 18,547 tons of
methanol and 146 tons of urea from suppliers in 2020.
For our beef products business, Shandong Yunchu mainly purchased
frozen beef from six countries: Uruguay, Brazil, Chile, Argentina,
Australia and New Zealand and 25 factories are involved. The top
ten suppliers include: Marrig, Minerva S.A., G & K O'Connor Pty
Ltd, Frigorifico matadero Pando ontilcor S.A., Las Moras,
Frigorifico de Osorno S.A., Ersinal S.A. ecoparks S.A., lorsinal
S.A., and Minerva S.A. Shandong Yunchu has established a stable
long term cooperative relationship with these beef and mutton
manufacturers. The stable supply provides competitive advantage for
Shandong Yunchu to procure various beef products with high quality
and low price to meet the needs of domestic customers.
We select suppliers based on price and product quality. We
typically rely on numerous domestic suppliers, including some with
whom we have a long-term relationship. Our suppliers generally
include wholesale agricultural product companies, food production
companies, tea bag processing companies and chemical products
wholesale companies.
Our
Customers
Our tea, beef and chemical products are sold exclusively in Chinese
domestic markets.
Xianning Bozhuang sell our tea products to third-party
distributors, such as trading companies with established
distribution channels. The terms of a typical sales contract
between us and our distributors provide that we are responsible for
transportation costs and the distributors are responsible for
storage costs. Furthermore, the distributors have the right to
return products that fail to satisfy specified quality standards,
at our cost. The majority of such contracts require the
distributors to pay us in cash in full upon delivery, and the
remaining contracts provide for short-term credit, usually two to
three weeks.
Our beef importation and distribution business is carried out by
Shandong Yunchu, which maintains a long term relationships with
beef products providers and distributors in China such as Henan
Hengdu Food Co., Ltd, Shanxi Pingyao Beef Group, Shandong Delis
Food Co., Ltd. and Heilongjiang Binxi Group.
As to our formaldehyde products, vehicles gasoline and diesel
products, Jilin Chuangyuan is a leading regional chemical products
provider in north-eastern China area, and is the sole provider of
formaldehyde in Jilin Province, China. Jilin Chuangyuan sells such
products to end user directly and through local distributors.
When it comes to the sales of synthetic fuel products, we do
business through Jingshan Sanhe which operates by direct sales,
constructing refuel facilities and conducting technical cooperation
with other companies.
For our DSP business line, Fast Approach obtains clients through
advertising agents from China and Canada.
Our Sales and Marketing Efforts
We have not spent a significant amount of capital on advertising in
the past, and our advertising budget continues to be limited. In
2020, our marketing and branding efforts mainly focus on internet
advertising.
Competition and Market Position
The overall food market is diverse, both globally and in China. We
do not have a significant market share in China.
Black tea is produced in Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hunan, Hubei,
Shanxi and Anhui provinces in China. Our black tea products are
processed in our factory in Hubei province and distributed
nationwide. There are few large players on the market but we face
fierce competition from numerous small black tea manufactures and
distributors. However, as our brand has over hundreds of year’s
history, we have accumulated loyal consumers and gained favorable
market reputation over years.
Competitive factors in our industry include product innovation,
product quality, price, brand recognition and loyalty, product
variety and ingredients, product packaging and package design,
effectiveness of marketing and promotional activity, and our
ability to identify and satisfy consumer tastes and
preferences.
Since its
inception, the company has developed rapidly relying on advanced
enterprise management and safe, effective, exclusive patented
products and strong marketing strength. The production scale of
formaldehyde is ranking top three among provinces in northeast
China. The production scale of urea-formaldehyde glue attains the
first place in China. Our enterprise comprehensive strength is
considered first tier among all companies in northeast
China.
We sell
clean fuel and fuel additive in local reginal market. We compete
with other reginal players and national players.
Our
insulation type explosion-proof skid-mounted refueling equipment
and SF double-layer buried type storage tank are the leading brands
in the Chinese industry. Anhui Ansheng is China National Petroleum
Corporation’s Top 5 supplier for SF double layer buried storage
tanks. The production scale and market share of the Explosion-proof
skid-mounted refueling equipment are both ranking No.1 in China and
such product is a success in overseas markets as well.
Intellectual
Property
Patents
The
company vigorously implements scientific and technological
innovation and obtains 12 practical patent certificates from the
State Intellectual Property Office of the PRC. These patents are
registered under Jingshan Sanhe Luckysky, which includes a diesel
exhaust cleaner and its preparation method, a kind of automobile
exhaust cleaner and preparation method, a kind of filtering device
for exhaust port of cleaning liquid production plant, a kind of
automobile cleaner dispensing device, a kind of liquid dispensing
equipment, a kind of mixing and stirring tank, a kind of cleaning
brush for cleaning agent storage tank, a kind of reactor for
producing auto cleaner, a kind of cleaning brush for cleaning agent
mixing kettle, a kind of mixing tank, a cleaning tool for cleaning
the reactor for detergent production and a kind of mixing and
defoaming tank. The company will give full play to the advantages
of independent intellectual property rights, continue to innovate,
maintain the leading technology and enhance the core
competitiveness of the company.
We take
reasonable steps to protect our proprietary information and trade
secrets, such as limiting disclosure of proprietary plans, methods
and other similar information on a need-to-know basis and requiring
employees with access to our proprietary technology to enter into
confidentiality arrangements. We believe that our proprietary
technology and trade secrets are adequately protected.
Corporate Information
Our common stock is listed on The NYSE American under the symbol
“PLAG.” Our global headquarters are located at 36-10 Union Street,
2nd Floor, Flushing, NY 11354 and our telephone number
is (718) 799-0380. We maintain a corporate website at
www.planetgreenholdings.com. We do not incorporate the information
on our website into this prospectus and you should not consider any
information on, or that can be accessed through, our website as
part of this prospectus.
Summary of Risk Factors
Investing in our Company involves significant risks. You should
carefully consider all of the information in this prospectus before
making an investment in our Company. Below please find a summary of
the risks and challenges we face organized under relevant headings.
These risks are discussed more fully in the section titled “Risk
Factors” starting page 21 of this prospectus.
Risks Related to Our Business and Our Operation
|
● |
The
recent coronavirus outbreak could materially and adversely affect
our business. See “Risk Factors-Risks Related
to Our Business and Our
Operation on page 23.” |
|
|
|
|
● |
The
industries in which we operate are extremely competitive. Many of
our significant competitors have greater production and financial
resources and could use their greater resources to gain market
share at our expense. See “Risk Factors-Risks Related
to Our Business and Our
Operation on page 24.” |
|
|
|
|
● |
Price
inflation in China could affect our results of operation if we are
unable to pass along raw material price increases to our customers.
See “Risk Factors-Risks Related to
Our Business and Our Operation on
page 24.” |
|
|
|
|
● |
The
acquisition of other businesses could pose risks to our
profitability. See “Risk Factors-Risks Related
to Our Business and Our
Operation on page 25.” |
Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure
|
● |
We rely on contractual
arrangements with its VIEs and their respective shareholders for
our operations in China, which may not be as effective in providing
operational control as direct ownership. See “Risk
Factors-Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure on page
28.” |
|
|
|
|
● |
Any
failure by its VIEs or their respective shareholders to perform
their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them
would have a material and adverse effect on our business. See
“Risk Factors-Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure on
page 28.” |
|
|
|
|
● |
The
PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in
which Planet Green, its subsidiaries, and its VIE must conduct its
business activities. We are currently not required to obtain
approval from Chinese authorities to list on U.S. exchanges,
however, if Planet Green, its subsidiaries or its VIE were required
to obtain approval in the future and were denied permission from
Chinese authorities to list on U.S. exchanges, we will not be able
to continue listing on U.S. exchange, which would materially affect
the interest of the investors. See “Risk Factors-Risks
Related to Our Corporate Structure on page 29.” |
Risks Related to Doing Business in China
|
● |
The
Chinese government exerts substantial influence over the manner in
which we must conduct our business activities. we could be subject
to liabilities, penalties and operational disruption, which may
materially and adversely affect our business, operating results,
financial condition and the value of our common stock,
significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or
continue to offer securities to investors, or cause such securities
to significantly decline in value or become worthless. See
“Risk Factors-Risks Related to Doing Business in
China” on page 30 of this prospectus. |
|
● |
Adverse
changes in economic and political policies of the PRC government
could have a material and adverse effect on overall economic growth
in China, which could materially and adversely affect our business.
See “Risk Factors-Risks Related to Doing Business in
China” on page 36 of this prospectus. |
|
● |
We
are a holding company, and will rely on dividends paid by our
subsidiaries for our cash needs. Any limitation on the ability of
our subsidiaries to make dividend payments to us, or any tax
implications of making dividend payments to us, could limit our
ability to pay our parent company expenses or pay dividends to
holders of our common stock. See “Risk Factors-Risks
Related to Doing Business in China” on page 43 of this
prospectus. |
|
● |
We
face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity
interests in PRC resident enterprises by their non-PRC holding
companies. See “Risk Factors-Risks Related to Doing
Business in China” on page 43 of this prospectus. |
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
|
● |
Our
common stock may be subject now and in the future to the SEC’s
“Penny Stock” rules. See “Risk Factors-Risks Related to Our
Ordinary Shares” on page 44 of this prospectus. |
|
● |
The
market price of our shares of common stock may be volatile or may
decline regardless of our operating performance, and you may not be
able to resell your shares at or above the offering price. See
“Risk Factors-Risks Related to Our Ordinary Share” on page
45 of this prospectus. |
RISK FACTORS
Before you decide to purchase our common stock, you should
understand the high degree of risk involved. You should consider
carefully the following risks and other information in this
prospectus, including our consolidated financial statements and
related notes. If any of the following risks actually occur, our
business, financial condition and operating results could be
adversely affected. As a result, the trading price of our common
stock could decline, perhaps significantly.
Risks Related to Our Business and Our Operation
The
recent coronavirus outbreak could materially and adversely affect
our business.
In the
beginning of 2020, a novel strain of
coronavirus (COVID-19) was reported to have surfaced and
then caused a pandemic outbreak. The global outbreak
of COVID-19 and related adverse public health
developments have had and may continue to have a material adverse
impact upon our normal operating activities, the demand for our end
products and our financial performance. Our normal operating
activities were disrupted by the temporary closure of our offices,
suspension of business travel, disruptions to our normal working
schedules, various restrictions on our employees’ activities and
similar disruptive effects to our normal operations. In addition,
the global spread of COVID-19, and the implementation by
governments around the world of measures intended to slow down the
spread, have caused a material reduction in worldwide business
activity, resulting in a drop in demand for our
products.
We have
taken measures in response to the outbreak, including the adoption
of more stringent workplace sanitation measures. We will continue
to monitor the situation and consider additional measures to
protect the health and safety of our employees and to respond to
future developments. At present, domestic COVID-19 is
generally under control within China, and vaccines are being
administered within China and abroad. However, the extent to which
this outbreak impacts our results will depend on global trends and
future developments of COVID-19, including information
which may emerge concerning new variants and other factors which
could affect the scope and severity of the outbreak and the actions
needed to contain the outbreak. The long-term impact of
the COVID-19 pandemic on our performance also depends in
large part on factors that are not within our control, such as
measures implemented by governmental authorities to address the
pandemic, the effect of the pandemic on global and regional
economies and the response of world financial markets. An extended
outbreak could depress global economic activity, disrupting our
operations, reducing demand for our products and adversely
impacting our financial performance.
Our
results of operations and our ability to operate at a profit are
largely dependent on our ability to manage the costs of corn,
natural gas and other production inputs, with the prices of our
alcohols and essential ingredients, all of which are subject to
volatility and uncertainty.
Our
results of operations are highly impacted by commodity prices,
including the cost of corn, natural gas and other production inputs
that we must purchase, and the prices of alcohols and essential
ingredients that we sell. Prices and supplies are subject to and
determined by market and other forces over which we have no
control, such as weather, domestic and global demand, supply
shortages, export prices and various governmental policies in the
United States and throughout the world.
Price
volatility of corn, natural gas and other production inputs, and
alcohols and essential ingredients, may cause our results of
operations to fluctuate substantially. We may fail to generate
expected levels of net sales and profits even under fixed-price and
other contracts for the sale of specialty alcohols used in consumer
products. Our customers may not pay us timely or at all, even under
longer-term, fixed-price contracts for our specialty alcohols, and
may seek to renegotiate prices under those contracts during periods
of falling prices or high price volatility.
Over the
past several years, for example, the spread between corn and
fuel-grade ethanol prices has fluctuated significantly.
Fluctuations are likely to continue to occur. A sustained narrow
spread, whether as a result of sustained high or increased corn
prices or sustained low or decreased alcohol or essential
ingredient prices, would adversely affect our results of operations
and financial position. Revenues from sales of alcohols,
particularly fuel-grade ethanol, and essential ingredients could
decline below the marginal cost of production, which may force us
to further suspend production, particularly fuel-grade ethanol
production, at some or all of our facilities.
In
addition, some of our fuel-grade ethanol marketing activities will
likely be unprofitable in a market of generally declining prices
due to the nature of our business. For example, to satisfy customer
demands, we maintain certain quantities of fuel-grade ethanol
inventory for subsequent resale. Moreover, we procure much of our
fuel-grade ethanol inventory outside of third-party marketing
arrangements and therefore must buy fuel-grade ethanol at a price
established at the time of purchase and sell fuel-grade ethanol at
an index price established later at the time of sale that is
generally reflective of movements in the market price of fuel-grade
ethanol. As a result, our margins for fuel-grade ethanol sold in
these transactions generally decline and may turn negative as the
market price of fuel-grade ethanol declines.
The
industries in which we operate are extremely competitive. Many of
our significant competitors have greater production and financial
resources and could use their greater resources to gain market
share at our expense.
The
industries in which we operate are extremely competitive. Many of
our significant competitors have substantially greater production
and financial resources than we do. As a result, our competitors
may be able to compete more aggressively and sustain that
competition over a longer period of time. Successful competition
will require a continued high level of investment in facility
maintenance. We may fail to anticipate or respond adequately to new
industry developments and other competitive pressures due to our
limited resources relative to many significant competitors. This
failure could reduce our competitiveness and cause a decline in
market share, sales and profitability. Even if sufficient funds are
available, we may not be able to make the modifications and
improvements necessary to compete successfully.
We also
face competition from international suppliers, particularly of
fuel-grade ethanol, many of whom have cost structures substantially
lower than ours. An increase in domestic or foreign competition
could force us to reduce our prices and take other steps to compete
effectively, which could adversely affect our business, financial
condition and results of operations.
Price inflation
in China could affect our results of operation if we are unable to
pass along raw material price increases to our
customers.
Inflation
in China has been consistently increasing in recent years. Because
we purchase raw materials from suppliers in China, price inflation
directly causes an increase in the cost of our raw materials. Price
inflation could affect our results of operation if we are unable to
pass along raw material price increases to customers. In addition,
if inflationary trends continue in China, China could lose its
competitive advantage as a low-cost manufacturing venue, which
could in turn lessen some of the competitive advantages of our
being based in China. Accordingly, inflation in China may weaken
our competitiveness domestically or in international
markets.
Our
sales and reputation may be affected by product liability claims,
litigation or, product recalls in relation to our
products.
The sale
of products for human consumption involves an inherent risk of
injury to consumers. We face risks associated with product
liability claims, litigation, or product recalls, if our products
cause injury or become adulterated or misbranded. Our products are
subject to product tampering and contamination, such as mold,
bacteria, insects, shell fragments and off-flavor contamination,
during any of the procurement, production, transportation and
storage processes. If any of our products were to be tampered with,
or become tainted in any of these respects, and we were unable to
detect this, our products could be subject to product liability
claims or product recalls. Our ability to sell products could be
reduced if certain pesticides, herbicides or other chemicals used
by growers have left harmful residues on portions of our raw
materials or if our raw materials have been contaminated by other
agents.
We have
never had any major product recall in the past but we have
experienced product liability claims that were made by our
customers. The amounts of such claims were immaterial. However,
claims of product defect or product liability for material amounts,
individually or in the aggregate, may be made in the
future.
We have
not procured a product liability or general liability insurance
policy for our business, as the insurance industry in China is
still in an early stage of development. To the extent that we
suffer a loss of a type which would normally be covered by product
liability or general liability insurance in the United States, we
would incur significant expenses in defending any action against us
and in paying any claims that result from a settlement or judgment
against us. Product liability claims and product recalls could have
a material adverse effect on the demand for our products and on our
business goodwill and reputation. Adverse publicity could result in
a loss of consumer confidence in our products.
Our
expansion strategy may not prove successful and could adversely
affect our existing business.
Our growth
strategy includes the expansion of our manufacturing operations,
including new production lines and agricultural operations. We plan
to expand our sales in China and internationally. We will need to
engage in various forms of promotional and marketing activities in
order to further develop the branding of our products and to
increase our market share in new and existing markets. The
implementation of this strategy may involve large transactions and
present financial, managerial and operational challenges. We could
also experience financial or other setbacks if any of our growth
strategies incur problems of which we are not presently aware. If
we fail to generate sufficient sales in new markets or increase our
sales in existing markets, we may not be able to recover the
production, distribution, promotional and marketing expenses, as
well as administrative costs we have incurred in developing such
markets.
Our
results of operations could be affected by natural events in the
locations in which our customers operate.
Several of
our customers have operations in locations that are subject to
natural disasters, such as severe weather and geological events,
which could disrupt the operations of those customers and suppliers
as well as our operations. If our customers suffer from these
events, their operations may be negatively impacted. As a result,
some or all of those customers may reduce their orders for our
products, which could adversely affect our revenue and results of
operations.
The
acquisition of other businesses could pose risks to our
profitability.
We may try
to grow through acquisitions in the future. Any proposed
acquisition could result in accounting charges, potentially
dilutive issuances of equity securities, and increased debt and
contingent liabilities, any of which could have a material adverse
effect on our existing business and the market price of our common
stock. Acquisitions, in general, entail many risks, including risks
relating to the failed integration of the acquired operations,
diversion of management’s attention, and the potential loss of key
employees of the acquired organizations. We may be unable to
successfully integrate businesses or the personnel of any business
that might be acquired in the future, and our failure to do so
could have a material adverse effect on our business and on the
market price of our common stock.
Our
products are subject to counterfeiting or imitation, which could
impact our reputation.
To date,
we have experienced limited counterfeiting and imitation of our
products. However, counterfeiting or imitation of our products may
occur in the future and we may not be able to detect it and deal
with it effectively. Any occurrence of counterfeiting or imitation
could impact negatively upon our reputation, particularly if the
counterfeit or imitation products cause sickness, or injury to
consumers. In addition, counterfeit or imitation products could
result in our need to incur costs with respect to the detection or
prosecution of such activities.
We
face increasing competition from domestic and foreign
companies.
The food
industry in China is fragmented. Our ability to compete against
other national and international enterprises is, to a significant
extent, dependent on our ability to distinguish our products from
those of our competitors by providing large volumes of high-quality
products that appeal to consumers’ tastes and preferences at
reasonable prices. Some of our competitors have been in business
longer than we have and are more established. Our competitors may
provide products comparable or superior to those we provide or
adapt more quickly than we do to evolving industry trends or
changing market requirements. Increased competition may result in
price reductions, higher raw materials prices, reduced margins and
loss of market share, any of which could materially adversely
affect our profit margins.
If
we fail to maintain and grow our client base and spend through our
platform, our revenue and business may be negatively
impacted.
To sustain
or increase our revenue, we must regularly add new clients and
encourage existing clients to maintain or increase the amount of
advertising inventory purchased through our platform and adopt new
features and functionalities that we make available. If competitors
introduce lower cost or differentiated offerings that compete with
or are perceived to compete with ours, our ability to sell our
services to new or existing clients could be impaired. We have
spent significant effort in cultivating our relationships with
advertising agencies, which has resulted in an increase in the
budgets allocated to, and the amount of advertising purchased on,
our platform. However, it is possible that we may reach a point of
saturation at which we cannot continue to grow our revenue from
such agencies because of internal limits that advertisers may place
on the allocation of their advertising budgets to digital media to
a particular provider or otherwise. We do not typically have
exclusive relationships with our clients and there is limited cost
to moving their media spend to our competitors. As a result, we
have limited visibility to our future advertising revenue streams.
We cannot assure you that our clients will continue to use our
platform or that we will be able to replace, in a timely or
effective manner, departing clients with new clients that generate
comparable revenue. If a major client representing a significant
portion of our business decides to materially reduce its use of our
platform or to cease using our platform altogether, it is possible
that our revenue or revenue growth rate could be significantly
reduced, and our business negatively impacted.
If
we fail to innovate or make the right investment decisions in our
offerings and platform, we may not attract and retain advertisers
and advertising agencies and our revenue and results of operations
may decline.
Our
industry is subject to rapid and frequent changes in technology,
evolving client needs and the frequent introduction by our
competitors of new and enhanced offerings. We must constantly make
investment decisions regarding offerings and technology to meet
client demand and evolving industry standards. We may make bad
decisions regarding these investments. If new or existing
competitors have more attractive offerings, we may lose clients or
clients may decrease their use of our platform. New client demands,
superior competitive offerings or new industry standards could
require us to make unanticipated and costly changes to our platform
or business model. In addition, as we develop and introduce new
products and services, including those incorporating or utilizing
artificial intelligence and machine learning, they may raise new,
or heighten existing, technological, legal and other challenges,
and may cause unintended consequences, may not function
properly or may be misused by our clients. If we fail to adapt
to our rapidly changing industry or to evolving client needs, or we
provide new products and services that exacerbate technological,
legal or other challenges, demand for our platform could decrease
and our business, financial condition and results of operations may
be adversely affected.
The
market for programmatic buying for advertising campaigns is
relatively new and evolving. If this market develops slower or
differently than we expect, our business, growth prospects and
financial condition would be adversely affected.
The
substantial majority of our revenue has been derived from clients
that programmatically purchase advertising inventory through our
platform. We expect that spending on programmatic ad buying will
continue to be our primary source of revenue for the foreseeable
future and that our revenue growth will largely depend on
increasing spend through our platform. The market for programmatic
ad buying is an emerging market, and our current and potential
clients may not shift to programmatic ad buying from other buying
methods as quickly as we expect, which would reduce our growth
potential. If the market for programmatic ad buying deteriorates or
develops more slowly than we expect, it could reduce demand for our
platform, and our business, growth prospects and financial
condition would be adversely affected.
In
addition, our revenue may not necessarily grow at the same rate as
spend on our platform. As the market for programmatic buying for
advertising matures, growth in spend may outpace growth in our
revenue due to a number of factors, including pricing competition,
quantity discounts and shifts in product, media, client and channel
mix. A significant change in revenue as a percentage of spend could
reflect an adverse change in our business and growth prospects. In
addition, any such fluctuations, even if they reflect our strategic
decisions, could cause our performance to fall below the
expectations of securities analysts and investors, and adversely
affect the price of our common stock.
The
market in which we participate is intensely competitive, and we may
not be able to compete successfully with our current or future
competitors.
We operate
in a highly competitive and rapidly changing industry. We expect
competition to persist and intensify in the future, which could
harm our ability to increase revenue and maintain profitability.
New technologies and methods of buying advertising present a
dynamic competitive challenge, as market participants develop and
offer new products and services aimed at capturing advertising
spend or disrupting the digital marketing landscape, such as
analytics, automated media buying and exchanges.
We may
also face competition from new companies entering the market,
including large established companies and companies that
we do not yet know about or do not yet exist. If existing or new
companies develop, market or resell competitive high-value
products or services that result in additional competition for
advertising spend or advertising inventory or if
they acquire one of our existing competitors or
form a strategic alliance with one of our competitors, our
ability to compete effectively could be significantly compromised
and our results of operations could be harmed.
Our
current and potential competitors may have significantly more
financial, technical, marketing, and other resources than we have,
which may allow them to devote greater resources to the
development, promotion, sale and support of their products and
services. They may also have more extensive advertiser bases and
broader publisher relationships than we have, and may be better
positioned to execute on advertising conducted over certain
channels, such as social media, mobile, and video. Some of our
competitors may have a longer operating history and greater name
recognition. As a result, these competitors may be better able to
respond quickly to new technologies, develop deeper advertiser
relationships or offer services at lower prices. Any of these
developments would make it more difficult for us to sell our
platform and could result in increased pricing pressure, increased
sales and marketing expense, or the loss of market
share.
If
our access to quality advertising inventory is diminished or fails
to expand, our revenue could decline and our growth could be
impeded.
We must
maintain a consistent supply of attractive ad inventory. Our
success depends on our ability to secure quality inventory on
reasonable terms across a broad range of advertising networks and
exchanges and social media platforms, including video, display,
audio and mobile inventory. The amount, quality and cost of
inventory available to us can change at any time. A few inventory
suppliers hold a significant portion of the programmatic inventory
either generally or concentrated in a particular channel, such as
audio and social media. In addition, we compete with companies with
which we have business relationships. For example, Google is one of
our largest advertising inventory suppliers in addition to being
one of our competitors. If Google or any other company with
attractive advertising inventory limits our access to its
advertising inventory, our business could be adversely affected. If
our relationships with certain of our suppliers were to cease, or
if the material terms of these relationships were to change
unfavorably, our business would be negatively impacted. Our
suppliers are generally not bound by long-term contracts. As a
result, there is no guarantee that we will have access to a
consistent supply of quality inventory on favorable terms. If we
are unable to compete favorably for advertising inventory available
on real-time advertising exchanges, or if real-time advertising
exchanges decide not to make their advertising inventory available
to us, we may not be able to place advertisements or find
alternative sources of inventory with comparable traffic patterns
and consumer demographics in a timely manner. Furthermore, the
inventory that we access through real-time advertising exchanges
may be of low quality or misrepresented to us, despite attempts by
us and our suppliers to prevent fraud and conduct quality assurance
checks.
Inventory
suppliers control the bidding process, rules and procedures for the
inventory they supply, and their processes may not always work in
our favor. For example, suppliers may place restrictions on the use
of their inventory, including prohibiting the placement of
advertisements on behalf of specific advertisers. Through the
bidding process, we may not win the right to deliver advertising to
the inventory that is selected through our platform and may not be
able to replace inventory that is no longer made available to
us.
As new
types of inventory become available, we will need to expend
significant resources to ensure we have access to such new
inventory. For example, although television advertising is a large
market, only a very small percentage of it is currently purchased
through digital advertising exchanges. We are investing heavily in
our programmatic television offering, including by increasing our
workforce and by adding new features, functions and integrations to
our platform.
Our
success depends on consistently adding valued inventory in a
cost-effective manner. If we are unable to maintain a consistent
supply of quality inventory for any reason, client retention and
loyalty, and our financial condition and results of operations
could be harmed.
Economic
downturns and market conditions beyond our control could adversely
affect our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
Our
business depends on the overall demand for advertising and on the
economic health of advertisers that benefit from our platform.
Economic downturns or unstable market conditions may cause
advertisers to decrease or pause their advertising budgets, which
could reduce spend though our platform and adversely affect our
business, financial condition and results of operations. As
described above, public health crises may disrupt the operations of
our customers and partners for an unknown period of time, including
as a result of travel restrictions and/or business shutdowns, all
of which could negatively impact our business and results of
operations, including cash flows. As we explore new countries to
expand our business, economic downturns or unstable market
conditions in any of those countries could result in our
investments not yielding the returns we anticipate.
Seasonal
fluctuations in advertising activity could have a negative impact
on our revenue, cash flow and results of
operations.
Our
revenue, cash flow, results of operations and other key operating
and performance metrics may vary from quarter to quarter due to the
seasonal nature of our clients’ spending on advertising campaigns.
For example, clients tend to devote more of their advertising
budgets to the fourth calendar quarter to coincide with consumer
holiday spending. Moreover, advertising inventory in the fourth
quarter may be more expensive due to increased demand for it. Our
historical revenue growth has lessened the impact of seasonality,
however, seasonality could have a more significant impact on our
revenue, cash flow and results of operations from period to period
if our growth rate declines, if seasonal spending becomes more
pronounced, or if seasonality otherwise differs from our
expectations.
Failure to
manage our growth effectively could cause our business to suffer
and have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results
of operations.
We have
experienced and continue to experience significant growth in a
short period of time. To manage our growth effectively, we must
continually evaluate and evolve our organization. We must also
manage our employees, operations, finances, technology and
development and capital investments efficiently. Our efficiency,
productivity and the quality of our platform and client service may
be adversely impacted if we do not train our new personnel,
particularly our sales and support personnel, quickly and
effectively, or if we fail to appropriately coordinate across our
organization. Additionally, our rapid growth may place a strain on
our resources, infrastructure and ability to maintain the quality
of our platform. Our revenue growth and levels of profitability in
recent periods should not be considered as indicative of future
performance. In future periods, our revenue or profitability could
decline or grow more slowly than we expect. Failure to manage our
growth effectively could cause our business to suffer and have an
adverse effect on our financial condition and results of
operations.
Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure
We rely on contractual arrangements with our VIEs and their
respective shareholders for our operations in China, which may not
be as effective in providing operational control as direct
ownership.
We have relied and expects to continue to rely on contractual
arrangements with its VIEs, and their respective shareholders, and
certain of their subsidiaries to operate our business in China.
These contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct
ownership in providing us with control over our VIEs. For example,
our VIEs and their respective shareholders could breach their
contractual arrangements with us by, among other things, failing to
conduct their operations in an acceptable manner or taking other
actions that are detrimental to our interests. The revenues
contributed by our VIEs and their subsidiaries constituted
substantially substantial part of the revenues in 2020 and
2021.
If we had direct ownership of our VIEs, we would be able to
exercise the rights as a shareholder to effect changes in the board
of directors of the VIEs, which in turn could implement changes,
subject to any applicable fiduciary obligations, at the management
and operational level. However, under the current contractual
arrangements, we rely on the performance by the VIEs and their
respective shareholders of their respective obligations under the
contracts to exercise control. The shareholders of our VIEs may not
act in the best interests of the company or may not perform their
obligations under these contracts. Such risks exist throughout the
period in which we intend to operate certain portions of our
business through the contractual arrangements with its VIEs. If any
dispute relating to these contracts remains unresolved, we will
have to enforce its rights under these contracts through
arbitration, litigation or other legal proceedings and therefore
will be subject to uncertainties in the PRC legal system.
Therefore, our contractual arrangements with the VIEs may not be as
effective in controlling its business operations as direct
ownership.
Any failure by our VIEs or their respective shareholders to
perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with
them would have a material and adverse effect on our
business.
If our VIEs or their shareholders fail to perform their respective
obligations under the contractual arrangements, we may have to
incur substantial costs and expend additional resources to enforce
such arrangements. We may also have to rely on legal remedies under
PRC law, including seeking specific performance or injunctive
relief, and claiming damages, which we cannot assure will be
effective under PRC law. For example, if the shareholders of the
VIEs refuse to transfer its equity interest in its VIEs to our PRC
subsidiaries or their designees after we exercises its purchase
option pursuant to these contractual arrangements, or if they
otherwise act in bad faith or otherwise fail to fulfill their
contractual obligations, we may have to take legal actions to
compel them to perform their contractual obligations. In addition,
if any third parties claim any interest in such shareholders’
equity interests in our VIEs, our ability to exercise shareholders’
rights or foreclose the share pledge according to the contractual
arrangements may be impaired. If these or other disputes between
the shareholders of the VIEs and third parties were to impair our
control over its VIEs, then our ability to consolidate the
financial results of its VIEs would be affected, which would in
turn result in a material adverse effect on our business,
operations and financial condition.
The shareholders of our VIEs may have actual or potential
conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely
affect our business and financial condition.
The shareholders of the VIEs may have actual or potential conflicts
of interest with us. These shareholders may breach, or cause our
VIEs to breach, or refuse to renew, the existing contractual
arrangements we have with them and our VIEs, which would have a
material and adverse effect on our ability to effectively control
its VIEs and receive economic benefits from them. For example, the
shareholders may be able to cause our agreements with the VIEs to
be performed in a manner adverse to us by, among other things,
failing to remit payments due under the contractual arrangements to
us on a timely basis. We cannot assure you that when conflicts of
interest arise any or all of these shareholders will act in the
best interests of us or such conflicts will be resolved in our
favor. Currently, we do not have any arrangements to address
potential conflicts of interest between these shareholders and us.
If we cannot resolve any conflict of interest or dispute between us
and these shareholders, we would have to rely on legal proceedings,
which could result in disruption of Planet Green’s business and
subject Planet Green to substantial uncertainty as to the outcome
of any such legal proceedings.
The
PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in
which Planet Green, its subsidiaries, and its VIE must conduct its
business activities. We are currently not required to obtain
approval from Chinese authorities to list on U.S. exchanges,
however, if Planet Green, its subsidiaries or its VIE were required
to obtain approval in the future and were denied permission from
Chinese authorities to list on U.S. exchanges, we will not be able
to continue listing on U.S. exchange, which would materially affect
the interest of the investors.
The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in
which Planet Green and its VIE must conduct its business
activities. Planet Green is currently not required to obtain
approval from Chinese authorities to list on U.S. exchanges,
however, if Planet Green or its VIE were required to obtain
approval in the future and were denied permission from Chinese
authorities to list on U.S. exchanges, we will not be able to
continue listing on U.S. exchange, which would materially affect
the interest of the investors. The PRC government has exercised and
continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every
sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and state
ownership. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes
in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation,
environmental regulations, land use rights, property and other
matters. The central data security, anti-monopoly policies or local
PRC governments may impose new, stricter regulations or
interpretations of existing regulations that would require
additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure its
compliance with such regulations or interpretations. Accordingly,
government actions in the future, including any decision not to
continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more
centrally planned economy or regional or local variations in the
implementation of economic policies, could have a significant
effect on economic conditions in the PRC or particular regions
thereof, and could require us to divest itself of any interest it
then hold in Chinese properties.
For example, the Chinese cybersecurity regulator announced on July
2, 2021 that it had begun an investigation of Didi Global Inc.
(NYSE: DIDI) and two days later ordered that the company’s app be
removed from smartphone app stores.
Additionally, on July 6, 2021, the General Office of the Central
Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of
the State Council jointly issued the Opinions on Strictly Cracking
Down on Illegal Securities Activities, or the Opinions, which
emphasized the need to strengthen administration over illegal
securities activities and supervision of overseas listings by
China-based companies. The Opinions proposed promoting regulatory
systems to deal with risks facing China-based overseas-listed
companies, and provided that the State Council will revise
provisions regarding the overseas issuance and listing of
securities by companies limited by securities and will clarify the
duties of domestic regulatory authorities. However, the Opinions
did not provide detailed rules and regulations. As a result,
uncertainties remain regarding the interpretation and
implementation of the Opinions.
As such, Planet Green, its subsidiaries and its VIE’s business
segments may be subject to various government and regulatory
interference in the provinces in which they operate. Planet Green,
its subsidiaries and its VIE could be subject to regulation by
various political and regulatory entities, including various local
and municipal agencies and government sub-divisions. Planet Green,
its subsidiaries and its VIE may incur increased costs necessary to
comply with existing and newly adopted laws and regulations or
penalties for any failure to comply.
Furthermore, it is uncertain when and whether we will be required
to obtain permission from the PRC government to list on U.S.
exchanges in the future, and even when such permission is obtained,
whether it will be denied or rescinded. Although we are currently
not required to obtain permission from any of the PRC federal or
local government to obtain such permission and has not received any
denial to list on the U.S. exchange, our operations could be
adversely affected, directly or indirectly, by existing or future
laws and regulations relating to its business or industry.
Planet Green Holding is a holding company, and the investors
will have ownership in a holding company that does not directly own
any of the business operations of Planet Green and its subsidiaries
and VIEs in China. We may rely on dividends paid by our
subsidiaries for our cash needs, and any limitation on the ability
of our subsidiaries and VIEs to pay dividends to us, or any tax
implications of making dividend payments to us, could have a
material adverse effect on our ability to pay dividends to holders
of our Ordinary Shares.
Planet Green is a holding company and the investors will have
ownership in a holding company that does not directly own any of
the business operations of Planet Green and its subsidiaries and
VIEs in China. We may rely on dividends to be paid by our
subsidiaries and VIEs to fund our cash and financing requirements,
including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash
distributions to our shareholders, to service any debt we may incur
and to pay the operating expenses. If any of our subsidiaries incur
debt in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict
such subsidiary’s ability to pay dividends or make other
distributions to us.
Under PRC laws and regulations, our WFOE, which is a wholly
foreign-owned enterprise in China, may pay dividends only out of
its accumulated profits as determined in accordance with PRC
accounting standards and regulations. In addition, a wholly
foreign-owned enterprise is required to set aside at least 10% of
its accumulated after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund a
certain statutory reserve fund, until the aggregate amount of such
fund reaches 50% of its registered capital.
Our WFOE primarily holds assets in Renminbi, which is not freely
convertible into other currencies. As a result, any restriction on
currency exchange may limit the ability of our WFOE to use its
Renminbi assets to pay dividends to us. The PRC government may
continue to strengthen its capital controls, and more restrictions
and substantial vetting process may be put forward by State
Administration of Foreign Exchange (the “SAFE”) for cross-border
transactions falling under both the current account and the capital
account. Any limitation on the ability of our WFOE to pay dividends
or make other kinds of payments to us could materially and
adversely limit the ability to grow, make investments or
acquisitions that could be beneficial to the business, pay
dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct the business of the VIE or
the VIE’s subsidiaries.
In addition, the Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation
rules provide that a withholding tax rate of up to 10% will be
applicable to dividends payable by Chinese companies to
non-PRC-resident enterprises unless otherwise exempted or reduced
according to treaties or arrangements between the PRC central
government and governments of other countries or regions where the
non-PRC resident enterprises are incorporated. Any limitation on
the ability of our WFOE to pay dividends or make other
distributions to us could materially and adversely limit the
ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be
beneficial to the business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and
conduct the business of the VIE or the VIE’s subsidiaries.
Risks Related to Doing Business in China
If the PRC government deems that the contractual arrangements
in relation to Jilin Chuanyuan, Xiangtian Energy and Anhui Ansheng,
our consolidated variable interest entities, do not comply with PRC
regulatory restrictions on foreign investment in the relevant
industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of
existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to
severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those
operations.
We are a holding company incorporated in the State of Nevada. As a
holding company with no material operations of our own, we conduct
all of our operations through our subsidiaries and our VIEs in PRC.
We receive the economic benefits of our VIE’s business operations
through certain contractual arrangements. Our ordinary share
offered in this offering are shares of our offshore holding company
instead of shares of our VIEs in China.
We rely on and expect to continue to rely on our wholly owned PRC
subsidiary’s contractual arrangements with the VIEs and their
shareholders to operate a portion of our business. These
contractual arrangements may not be as effective in providing us
with control over the VIEs as ownership of controlling equity
interests would be in providing us with control over, or enabling
us to derive economic benefits from the operations of the VIEs.
Under the current contractual arrangements, as a legal matter, if
any of the VIEs or any of their shareholders executing the VIE
Agreements fails to perform its, his or her respective obligations
under these contractual arrangements, we may have to incur
substantial costs and resources to enforce such arrangements, and
rely on legal remedies available under PRC laws, including seeking
specific performance or injunctive relief, and claiming damages,
which we cannot assure you will be effective. For example, if
shareholders of a variable interest entity were to refuse to
transfer their equity interests in such variable interest entity to
us or our designated persons when we exercise the purchase option
pursuant to these contractual arrangements, we may have to take a
legal action to compel them to fulfill their contractual
obligations.
If (i) the applicable PRC authorities invalidate these contractual
arrangements for violation of PRC laws, rules and regulations, (ii)
any variable interest entity or its shareholders terminate the
contractual arrangements (iii) any variable interest entity or its
shareholders fail to perform its/his/her obligations under these
contractual arrangements, or (iv) if these regulations change or
are interpreted differently in the future, our business operations
in China would be materially and adversely affected, and the value
of your securities would substantially decrease or even become
worthless. Further, if we fail to renew these contractual
arrangements upon their expiration, we would not be able to
continue our business operations unless the then current PRC law
allows us to directly operate businesses in China.
In
addition, if any variable interest entity or all or part of its
assets become subject to liens or rights of third-party creditors,
we may be unable to continue some or all of our business
activities, which could materially and adversely affect our
business, financial condition and results of operations. If any of
the variable interest entities undergoes a voluntary or involuntary
liquidation proceeding, its shareholders or unrelated third-party
creditors may claim rights to some or all of these assets, thereby
hindering our ability to operate our business, which could
materially and adversely affect our business and our ability to
generate revenues.
All of these contractual arrangements are governed by PRC law and
provide for the resolution of disputes through arbitration in the
PRC. The legal environment in the PRC is not as developed as in
some other jurisdictions, such as the United States. As a result,
uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit our ability to
enforce these contractual arrangements. In the event we are unable
to enforce these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to
exert effective control over our operating entities and we may be
precluded from operating our business, which would have a material
adverse effect on our financial condition and results of
operations.
These
contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct
ownership in providing us with control over our VIEs. For example,
our VIEs and their shareholders could breach their contractual
arrangements with us by, among other things, failing to conduct
their operations in an acceptable manner or taking other actions
that are detrimental to our interests. If we had direct ownership
of our VIEs, we would be able to exercise our rights as a
shareholder to effect changes in the board of directors of our
VIEs, which in turn could implement changes, subject to any
applicable fiduciary obligations, at the management and operational
level. However, under the current contractual arrangements, we rely
on the performance by our VIEs and their shareholders of their
obligations under the contracts to exercise control over our VIEs.
The shareholders of our consolidated VIEs may not act in the best
interests of our company or may not perform their obligations under
these contracts. Such risks exist throughout the period in which we
intend to operate certain portions of our business through the
contractual arrangements with our VIEs.
If our
VIEs or their shareholders fail to perform their respective
obligations under the contractual arrangements, we may have to
incur substantial costs and expend additional resources to enforce
such arrangements. For example, if the shareholders of our VIEs
refuse to transfer their equity interest in our VIEs to us or our
designee if we exercise the purchase option pursuant to these
contractual arrangements, or if they otherwise act in bad faith
toward us, then we may have to take legal actions to compel them to
perform their contractual obligations. In addition, if any third
parties claim any interest in such shareholders’ equity interests
in our VIEs, our ability to exercise shareholders’ rights or
foreclose the share pledge according to the contractual
arrangements may be impaired. If these or other disputes between
the shareholders of our VIEs and third parties were to impair our
control over our VIEs, our ability to consolidate the financial
results of our VIEs would be affected, which would in turn result
in a material adverse effect on our business, operations and
financial condition.
PRC government authorities may deem that foreign ownership is
directly or indirectly involved in our VIE’s shareholding
structure. If our corporate structure and contractual arrangements
are deemed by the MIIT or the MOFCOM or other regulators having
competent authority to be illegal, either in whole or in part, we
may lose control of our consolidated VIE and have to modify such
structure to comply with regulatory requirements. However, there
can be no assurance that we can achieve this without material
disruption to our VATS business. Furthermore, if we or our VIE is
found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or
regulations, or fail to obtain or maintain any of the required
permits or approvals, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities would
have broad discretion to take action in dealing with such
violations or failures, including, without limitation:
|
● |
revoking
the business license and/or operating licenses of our WFOE or our
VIE; |
|
● |
discontinuing or
placing restrictions or onerous conditions on our operations
through any transactions among our WFOE, our VIE and its
subsidiaries; |
|
● |
imposing
fines, confiscating the income from our WFOE, our VIE or its
subsidiaries, or imposing other requirements with which we or our
VIE may not be able to comply; |
|
● |
placing
restrictions on our right to collect revenues; |
|
● |
shutting
down our servers or blocking our app/websites; |
|
● |
requiring
us to restructure our ownership structure or operations, including
terminating the contractual arrangements with our VIE and
deregistering the equity pledges of our VIE, which in turn would
affect our ability to consolidate, derive economic interests from,
or exert effective control over our VIE; |
|
● |
restricting or
prohibiting our use of the proceeds of this offering to finance our
business and operations in China; or |
|
● |
taking
other regulatory or enforcement actions against us that could be
harmful to our business. |
The imposition of any of these penalties would result in a material
and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business. In
addition, it is unclear what impact the PRC government actions
would have on us and on our ability to consolidate the financial
results of our VIE in our consolidated financial statements, if the
PRC government authorities were to find our corporate structure and
contractual arrangements to be in violation of PRC laws and
regulations. If the imposition of any of these government actions
causes us to lose our right to direct the activities of our VIE or
our right to receive substantially all the economic benefits and
residual returns from our VIE and we are not able to restructure
our ownership structure and operations in a satisfactory manner, we
would no longer be able to consolidate the financial results of our
VIE in our consolidated financial statements. Either of these
results, or any other significant penalties that might be imposed
on us in this event, would have a material adverse effect on our
financial condition and results of operations.
We may be adversely affected by the complexity, uncertainties
and changes in PRC regulation of internet-related businesses and
companies, and any lack of requisite approvals, licenses or permits
applicable to our business may have a material adverse effect on
our business and results of operations.
The PRC government extensively regulates the internet industry,
including foreign ownership of, and the licensing and permit
requirements pertaining to, companies in the internet industry.
These internet-related laws and regulations are relatively new and
evolving, and their interpretation and enforcement involve
significant uncertainties. As a result, in certain circumstances it
may be difficult to determine what actions or omissions may be
deemed to be in violation of applicable laws and regulations.
The PRC government regulates telecommunications-related businesses
through strict business licensing requirements and other government
regulations. These laws and regulations also include limitations on
foreign ownership of PRC companies that engage in
telecommunications-related businesses. Specifically, foreign
investors are not allowed to own more than 50% of the equity
interests in a value-added telecommunications service provider
(except for e-commerce, domestic multi-party communication, storage
and forwarding classes and call centers) under the Special
Administrative Measures for Access of Foreign Investment (Negative
List) (Edition 2020), which was promulgated on June 23, 2020 and
implemented on July 23, 2020, and such major foreign investor in a
Foreign-Invested Telecommunications Enterprise must have experience
in providing value-added telecommunications services, or VATS, and
maintain a good track record in accordance with the Administrative
Provisions on Foreign-Invested Telecommunications Enterprises
(revised in 2016), and other applicable laws and regulations.
The
evolving PRC regulatory system for the internet industry may lead
to the establishment of new regulatory agencies. For example, in
May 2011, the State Council announced the establishment of a new
department, the State Internet Information Office (with the
involvement of the State Council Information Office, the MITT, and
the Ministry of Public Security). The primary role of this new
agency is to facilitate the policy-making and legislative
development in this field, to direct and coordinate with the
relevant departments in connection with online content
administration and to deal with cross-ministry regulatory matters
in relation to the internet industry.
The
Circular on Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Investment
in and Operation of Value-added Telecommunications Business, issued
by the MITT in July 2006, prohibits domestic telecommunication
service providers from leasing, transferring or selling
telecommunications business operating licenses to any foreign
investor in any form, or providing any resources, sites or
facilities to any foreign investor for their illegal operation of a
telecommunications business in China. According to this circular,
either the holder of a value-added telecommunication services
operation permit or its shareholders must directly own the domain
names and trademarks used by such license holders in their
provision of value-added telecommunication services. The circular
also requires each license holder to have the necessary facilities,
including servers, for its approved business operations and to
maintain such facilities in the regions covered by its license. If
an ICP License holder fails to comply with the requirements and
also fails to remedy such non-compliance within a specified period
of time, the MITT or its local counterparts have the discretion to
take administrative measures against such license holder, including
revoking its ICP License.
We are not subject to the requirements of permits or licenses under
telecommunications regulations, and Planet Green, its subsidiaries
and VIEs are not required to hold ICP licenses. However, the
interpretation and application of existing PRC laws, regulations
and policies and possible new laws, regulations or policies
relating to the internet industry have created substantial
uncertainties regarding the legality of existing and future foreign
investments in, and the businesses and activities of, internet
businesses in China, including our business. We cannot assure you
that we have obtained all the permits or licenses required for
conducting our business in China or will be able to maintain our
existing licenses or obtain new ones. If the PRC government
considers that we were operating without the proper approvals,
licenses or permits or promulgates new laws and regulations that
require additional approvals or licenses or imposes additional
restrictions on the operation of any part of our business, it has
the power, among other things, to levy fines, confiscate our
income, revoke our business licenses, and require us to discontinue
our relevant business or impose restrictions on the affected
portion of our business. Any of these actions by the PRC government
may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of
operations.
We may become subject to the Criminal Law, the Cybersecurity
Law, the Civil Code, the Data Security Law and other applicable
laws and regulations of PRC. We may be liable for improper use or
appropriation of personal information provided by our
customers.
We may become subject to the Criminal Law, the Cybersecurity Law,
the Civil Code, the Data Security Law and other applicable laws and
regulations in the PRC. These laws and regulations are continuously
evolving and developing. The scope and interpretation of the laws
that are or may be applicable to us are often uncertain and may be
conflicting, particularly with respect to foreign laws. In
particular, with respect to the collection, sharing, use,
processing, disclosure, and protection of personal information and
other user data, these laws and regulations often vary in scope,
may be subject to differing interpretations, and may be
inconsistent among different jurisdictions.
We expect to obtain information about various aspects of our
operations as well as regarding our employees and third parties. We
also maintain information about various aspects of our operations
as well as regarding our employees. The integrity and protection of
our customer, employee and company data is critical to our
business. Our customers and employees expect that we will
adequately protect their personal information. We are required by
PRC Criminal Law, Cybersecurity Law and Civil Code of PRC to keep
strictly confidential the personal information that we collect, and
to take adequate security measures to safeguard such
information.
The PRC Criminal Law, as amended by its Amendment 7 (effective on
February 28, 2009) and Amendment 9 (effective on November 1, 2015),
prohibits institutions, companies and their employees from selling
or otherwise illegally disclosing a citizen’s personal information
obtained during the course of performing duties or providing
services or obtaining such information through theft or other
illegal ways.
On November 7, 2016, the Standing Committee of the PRC National
People’s Congress issued the Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, or
Cybersecurity Law, which became effective on June 1, 2017 (the
“CSL”). Pursuant to the Cybersecurity Law, network operators must
not, without users’ consent, collect their personal information,
and may only collect users’ personal information necessary to
provide their services. Providers are also obliged to provide
security maintenance for their products and services and shall
comply with provisions regarding the protection of personal
information as stipulated under the relevant laws and
regulations.
The CSL is the first PRC law that systematically lays out the
regulatory requirements on cybersecurity and data protection,
subjecting many previously under-regulated or unregulated
activities in cyberspace to government scrutiny. The legal
consequences of violation of the CSL include penalties of warning,
confiscation of illegal income, suspension of related business,
winding up for rectification, shutting down the websites, and
revocation of business license or relevant permits.
The Civil Code of the PRC (issued by the PRC National People’s
Congress on May 28, 2020 and effective from January 1, 2021)
provides main legal basis for privacy and personal information
infringement claims under the Chinese civil laws. PRC regulators,
including the Cyberspace Administration of China, MIIT, and the
Ministry of Public Security have been increasingly focused on
regulation in the areas of data security and data protection.
The PRC regulatory requirements regarding cybersecurity are
constantly evolving. For instance, various regulatory bodies in
China, including the Cyberspace Administration of China, the
Ministry of Public Security and the SAMR, have enforced data
privacy and protection laws and regulations with varying and
evolving standards and interpretations. In April 2020, the Chinese
government promulgated Cybersecurity Review Measures, which came
into effect on June 1, 2020. According to the Cybersecurity Review
Measures, operators of critical information infrastructure must
pass a cybersecurity review when purchasing network products and
services which do or may affect national security.
In April 2020, the Cyberspace Administration of China (“CAC”) and
certain other PRC regulatory authorities promulgated the
Cybersecurity Review Measures, which became effective in June 2020.
Pursuant to the Cybersecurity Review Measures, operators of
critical information infrastructure must pass a cybersecurity
review when purchasing network products and services which do or
may affect national security. On July 10, 2021, the CAC issued a
revised draft of the Measures for Cybersecurity Review for public
comments (“Draft Measures”), which required that, in addition to
“operator of critical information infrastructure,” any “data
processor” carrying out data processing activities that affect or
may affect national security should also be subject to
cybersecurity review, and further elaborated the factors to be
considered when assessing the national security risks of the
relevant activities, including, among others, (i) the risk of core
data, important data or a large amount of personal information
being stolen, leaked, destroyed, and illegally used or exited the
country; and (ii) the risk of critical information infrastructure,
core data, important data or a large amount of personal information
being affected, controlled, or maliciously used by foreign
governments after listing abroad. The CAC has said that under the
proposed rules companies holding data on more than 1,000,000 users
must now apply for cybersecurity approval when seeking listings in
other nations because of the risk that such data and personal
information could be “affected, controlled, and maliciously
exploited by foreign governments,” The cybersecurity review will
also investigate the potential national security risks from
overseas IPOs. We do not know what regulations will be adopted or
how such regulations will affect us and our listing on NYSE
American. In the event that the CAC determines that we are subject
to these regulations, we may be required to delist from NYSE
American and we may be subject to fines and penalties. On June 10,
2021, the Standing Committee of the NPC promulgated the PRC Data
Security Law, which will take effect on September 1, 2021. The Data
Security Law also sets forth the data security protection
obligations for entities and individuals handling personal data,
including that no entity or individual may acquire such data by
stealing or other illegal means, and the collection and use of such
data should not exceed the necessary limits The costs of compliance
with, and other burdens imposed by, CSL and any other cybersecurity
and related laws may limit the use and adoption of our products and
services and could have an adverse impact on our business. Further,
if the enacted version of the Measures for Cybersecurity Review
mandates clearance of cybersecurity review and other specific
actions to be completed by companies like us, we face uncertainties
as to whether such clearance can be timely obtained, or at all.
We will not be subject to the cybersecurity review by the CAC for
this offering, and the oversight by the CAC over data security does
not have impacts in our business, given that: (i) our products and
services are offered not directly to individual users but through
our institutional customers; (ii) we do not possess a large amount
of personal information in our business operations; and (iii) data
processed in our business does not have a bearing on national
security and thus may not be classified as core or important data
by the authorities. We are in compliance with the regulations
issued by the CAC. However, there remains uncertainty as to how the
Draft Measures will be interpreted or implemented and whether the
PRC regulatory agencies, including the CAC, may adopt new laws,
regulations, rules, or detailed implementation and interpretation
related to the Draft Measures. If any such new laws, regulations,
rules, or implementation and interpretation comes into effect, we
will take all reasonable measures and actions to comply and to
minimize the adverse effect of such laws on us.
We cannot
assure you that PRC regulatory agencies, including the CAC, would
take the same view as we do, and there is no assurance that we can
fully or timely comply with such laws. In the event that we are
subject to any mandatory cybersecurity review and other specific
actions required by the CAC, we face uncertainty as to whether any
clearance or other required actions can be timely completed, or at
all. Given such uncertainty, we may be further required to suspend
our relevant business, shut down our website, or face other
penalties, which could materially and adversely affect our
business, financial condition, and results of
operations.
The
M&A Rules and certain other PRC regulations establish complex
procedures for some acquisitions of Chinese companies by foreign
investors, which could make it more difficult for us to pursue
growth through acquisitions in China.
The
Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Companies by
Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, adopted by six PRC
regulatory agencies in August 2006 and amended in 2009, and some
other regulations and rules concerning mergers and acquisitions
established additional procedures and requirements that could make
merger and acquisition activities by foreign investors more time
consuming and complex, including requirements in some instances
that the MOC be notified in advance of any change-of-control
transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a PRC
domestic enterprise. Moreover, the Anti-Monopoly Law requires that
the MOC shall be notified in advance of any concentration of
undertaking if certain thresholds are triggered. In addition, the
security review rules issued by the MOC that became effective in
September 2011 specify that mergers and acquisitions by foreign
investors that raise “national defense and security” concerns and
mergers and acquisitions through which foreign investors may
acquire de facto control over domestic enterprises that raise
“national security” concerns are subject to strict review by the
MOC, and the rules prohibit any activities attempting to bypass a
security review, including by structuring the transaction through a
proxy or contractual control arrangement. In the future, we may
grow our business by acquiring complementary businesses. Complying
with the requirements of the above-mentioned regulations and other
relevant rules to complete such transactions could be time
consuming, and any required approval processes, including obtaining
approval from the MOC or its local counterparts may delay or
inhibit our ability to complete such transactions, which could
affect our ability to expand our business or maintain our market
share.
Any
failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding the registration
requirements for employee stock incentive plans may subject the PRC
plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative
sanctions.
In
February 2012, SAFE promulgated the Notices on Issues Concerning
the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals
Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly-Listed
Company, replacing earlier rules promulgated in March 2007.
Pursuant to these rules, PRC citizens and non-PRC citizens who
reside in China for a continuous period of not less than one year
who participate in any share incentive plan of an overseas publicly
listed company, subject to a few exceptions, are required to
register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which could
be the PRC subsidiary of such overseas listed company, and complete
certain other procedures. In addition, an overseas entrusted
institution must be retained to handle matters in connection with
the exercise or sale of stock options and the purchase or sale of
shares and interests. We, our executive officers and other
employees who are PRC citizens or who have resided in the PRC for a
continuous period of not less than one year and who have been
granted options or other awards are subject to these regulations.
Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to
fines and legal sanctions and may also limit our ability to
contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiary and limit our
PRC subsidiary’ ability to distribute dividends to us. We also face
regulatory uncertainties that could restrict our ability to adopt
additional incentive plans for our directors, executive officers
and employees under PRC law.
Regulatory
bodies of the United States may be limited in their ability to
conduct investigations or inspections of our operations in
China.
From time
to time, the Company may receive requests from certain U.S.
agencies to investigate or inspect the Company’s operations or to
otherwise provide information. While the Company will be compliant
with these requests from these regulators, there is no guarantee
that such requests will be honored by those entities who provide
services to us or with whom we associate, especially as those
entities are located in China. Furthermore, an on-site inspection
of our facilities by any of these regulators may be limited or
entirely prohibited. Such inspections, though permitted by the
Company and its affiliates, are subject to the capricious nature of
Chinese enforcers and may therefore be impossible to
facilitate.
The M&A Rules and certain other PRC regulations establish
complex procedures for some acquisitions of Chinese companies by
foreign investors, which could make it more difficult for us to
pursue growth through acquisitions in China.
The Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Companies
by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, adopted by six PRC
regulatory agencies in 2006 and amended in 2009, and some other
regulations and rules concerning mergers and acquisitions
established complex procedures and requirements for acquisition of
Chinese companies by foreign investors, including requirements in
some instances that the Ministry of Commerce of the PRC be notified
in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which
a foreign investor takes control of a PRC domestic enterprise.
Moreover, the Anti-Monopoly Law promulgated by the Standing
Committee of the National People’s Congress, which became effective
in 2008, requires that transactions which are deemed concentrations
and involve parties with specified turnover thresholds must be
cleared by the Ministry of Commerce before they can be completed.
In addition, the security review rules issued by the Ministry of
Commerce and became effective in September 2011 specify that
mergers and acquisitions by foreign investors that raise “national
defense and security” concerns and mergers and acquisitions through
which foreign investors may acquire de facto control over domestic
enterprises that raise “national security” concerns are subject to
strict review by the Ministry of Commerce, and the rules prohibit
any activities attempting to bypass a security review, including by
structuring the transaction through a proxy or contractual control
arrangement.
In the future, Planet Green may pursue potential strategic
acquisitions that are complementary to Planet Green’s business and
operations. Complying with the requirements of the above-mentioned
regulations and other rules to complete such transactions could be
time-consuming, and any required approval processes, including
obtaining approval or clearance from the Ministry of Commerce, may
delay or inhibit Planet Green’s ability to complete such
transactions, which could affect Planet Green’s ability to expand
its business or maintain Planet Green’s market share. Furthermore,
according to the M&A Rules, if a PRC entity or individual plans
to merger or acquire its related PRC entity through an overseas
company legitimately incorporated or controlled by such entity or
individual, such a merger and acquisition will be subject to
examination and approval by the Ministry of Commerce. The
application and interpretations of M&A Rules are still
uncertain, and there is possibility that the PRC regulators may
promulgate new rules or explanations requiring that Planet Green
obtain approval of the Ministry of Commerce for Planet Green’s
completed or ongoing mergers and acquisitions. There is no
assurance that Planet Green can obtain such approval from the
Ministry of Commerce for Planet Green’s mergers and acquisitions,
and if Planet Green fails to obtain those approvals, Planet Green
may be required to suspend Planet Green’s acquisition and be
subject to penalties. Any uncertainties regarding such approval
requirements could have a material adverse effect on Planet Green’s
business, results of operations and corporate structure.
Adverse changes in China’s economic, political or social conditions
or government policies could have a material adverse effect on our
business, financial condition and results of
operations.
Substantially portion of our revenues are generally sourced from
China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition
and prospects are influenced by economic, political and legal
developments in China. Economic reforms begun in the late 1970s
have resulted in significant economic growth. However, any economic
reform policies or measures in China may from time to time be
modified or revised. China’s economy differs from the economies of
most developed countries in many respects, including with respect
to the amount of government involvement, level of development,
growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of
resources. Although the Chinese government has implemented measures
emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform,
the reduction of state ownership of productive assets and the
establishment of improved corporate governance in business
enterprises, a substantial portion of productive assets in China is
still owned by the government. In addition, the Chinese government
continues to play a significant role in regulating industry
development by imposing industrial policies. The Chinese government
also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth
through allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign
currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy, and
providing preferential treatment to particular industries or
companies.
While
the PRC economy has experienced significant growth in the past
30 years, growth has been uneven across different regions and
among different economic sectors. The Chinese government has
implemented measures to encourage economic growth and guide the
allocation of the resources. Some of these measures may benefit the
overall Chinese economy, but may have a negative effect on us. For
example, our financial condition and results of operations may be
adversely affected by government control over capital investments
or changes in tax regulations.
Although
the PRC economy has grown significantly in the past decade, that
growth may not continue, as evidenced by the slowing of the growth
of the PRC economy since 2012. Any adverse changes in economic
conditions in China, in the policies of the PRC government or in
the laws and regulations in China could have a material adverse
effect on the overall economic growth of China. Such developments
could adversely affect our business and operating results, lead to
reduction in demand for our services and adversely affect our
competitive position.
A severe or prolonged downturn in the PRC or global economy and
political tensions between the United States and China could
materially and adversely affect our business and our financial
condition.
The global macroeconomic environment is facing challenges,
including the end of quantitative easing by the U.S. Federal
Reserve, the economic slowdown in the Eurozone since 2014 and
uncertainties over the impact of Brexit. The Chinese economy has
shown slower growth compared to the previous decade since 2012 and
the trend may continue. There is considerable uncertainty over the
long-term effects of the expansionary monetary and fiscal policies
adopted by the central banks and financial authorities of some of
the world’s leading economies, including the United States and
China. There have been concerns over unrest and terrorist threats
in the Middle East, Europe and Africa, which have resulted in
market volatility.
If we plan to expand its business internationally and do business
cross-border in the future, any unfavorable government policies on
international trade, such as capital controls or tariffs, may
affect the demand for our products and services, impact our
competitive position, or prevent us from being able to conduct
business in certain countries. If any new tariffs, legislation, or
regulations are implemented, or if existing trade agreements are
renegotiated, such changes could adversely affect our business,
financial condition, and results of operations. In particular,
there have been heightened tensions in international economic
relations between the United States and China. The U.S.
government has recently imposed, and has recently proposed to
impose additional, new, or higher tariffs on certain products
imported from China to penalize China for what the U.S. government
characterizes as unfair trade practices. China has responded by
imposing, and proposing to impose additional, new, or higher
tariffs on certain products imported from the United States.
Following mutual retaliatory actions for months, on
January 15, 2020, the United States and China entered
into the Economic and Trade Agreement Between the
United States of America and the People’s Republic of China as
a phase one trade deal, effective on February 14, 2020.
Although the direct impact of the current international trade
tension, and any escalation of such tension, on the AR industry in
China is uncertain, the negative impact on general, economic,
political and social conditions may adversely impact our business,
financial condition and results of operations.
The U.S. law and regulations, including the Holding Foreign
Companies Accountable Act, call for additional and more stringent
criteria to be applied to emerging market companies upon assessing
the qualification of their auditors, especially the non-U.S.
auditors who are not inspected by the PCAOB. These developments
could add uncertainties to our offering.
On April
21, 2020, SEC Chairman Jay Clayton and PCAOB Chairman William D.
Duhnke III, along with other senior SEC staff, released a joint
statement highlighting the risks associated with investing in
companies based in or have substantial operations in emerging
markets including China. The joint statement emphasized the risks
associated with lack of access for the PCAOB to inspect auditors
and audit work papers in China and higher risks of fraud in
emerging markets.
On May 18,
2020, NYSE American filed three proposals with the SEC to (i) apply
minimum offering size requirement for companies primarily operating
in “Restrictive Market”, (ii) adopt a new requirement relating to
the qualification of management or board of director for
Restrictive Market companies, and (iii) apply additional and more
stringent criteria to an applicant or listed company based on the
qualifications of the company’s auditors.
On May 20,
2020, the U.S. Senate passed the Holding Foreign Companies
Accountable Act requiring a foreign company to certify it is not
owned or controlled by a foreign government if the PCAOB is unable
to audit specified reports because the company uses a foreign
auditor not subject to PCAOB inspection. If the PCAOB is unable to
inspect the Company’s auditors for three consecutive years, the
issuer’s securities are prohibited to trade on a U.S. stock
exchange. On December 2, 2020, the U.S. House of Representatives
approved the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act. On December
18, 2020, the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act was signed
into law.
On March
24, 2021, the SEC announced that it had adopted interim final
amendments to implement congressionally mandated submission and
disclosure requirements of the Act. The interim final
amendments will apply to registrants that the SEC identifies as
having filed an annual report on Forms 10-K, 20-F, 40-F or N-CSR
with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm
that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that the PCAOB has
determined it is unable to inspect or investigate completely
because of a position taken by an authority in that jurisdiction.
The SEC will implement a process for identifying such a registrant
and any such identified registrant will be required to submit
documentation to the SEC establishing that it is not owned or
controlled by a governmental entity in that foreign jurisdiction
and will also require disclosure in the registrant’s annual report
regarding the audit arrangements of, and governmental influence on,
such a registrant.
On June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed a bill which, if passed by
the U.S. House of Representatives and signed into law, would reduce
the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for
triggering the prohibitions under the Holding Foreign Companies
Accountable Act from three years to two years.
On December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted amendments to finalize the
rules implementing the submission and disclosure requirements of
the HFCAA. The rules will apply to registrants that the SEC
identifies as having filed an annual report with an audit report
issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a
foreign jurisdiction and that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or
investigation such registered public accounting firm, such SEC
identified registrants are referred to as Commission-Identified
Issuers. The final amendments require that Commission-Identified
Issuers submit documentation to the SEC establishing, among other
things, that, if true, it is not owned or controlled by a
governmental entity in the public accounting firm’s foreign
jurisdiction and if the Commission-Identified Issuer is a “foreign
issuer,” as defined in Exchange Act Rule 3b-4, to provide certain
additional disclosures in its annual report.
On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a HFCAA Determination
Report, pursuant to 15 U.S.C. Section 7214(i)(2)(A) and PCAOB Rule
6100 (the “Report”). Pursuant to the Report, the PCAOB notified the
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission that it issued two
determinations that (1) the PCAOB is unable to inspect or
investigate completely registered public accounting firms
headquartered in mainland China of the PRC because of a position
taken by one or more authorities in mainland China (the “Mainland
China Determination”) and (2) the PCAOB is unable to inspect or
investigate completely registered public accounting firms
headquartered in Hong Kong, a Special Administrative Region of the
PRC, because of a position taken by one or more authorities in Hong
Kong (the “Hong Kong Determination”). In its two appendixes the
Report identifies the auditors that are subject to the Mainland
China Determination and the Hong Kong Determination.
The
lack of access to the PCAOB inspection in China prevents the PCAOB
from fully evaluating audits and quality control procedures of the
auditors based in China. As a result, the investors may be deprived
of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections. The inability of the
PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in China makes it more
difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of these accounting firms’
audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared to
auditors outside of China that are subject to the PCAOB
inspections, which could cause existing and potential investors in
our share to lose confidence in our audit procedures and reported
financial information and the quality of our financial
statements.
On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB announced that it had
signed a Statement of Protocol (the “SOP”) with the China
Securities Regulatory Commission and the Ministry of Finance of
China. The SOP, together with two protocol agreements
governing inspections and investigations (together, the “SOP
Agreement”), establishes a specific, accountable framework to make
possible complete inspections and investigations by
the PCAOB of audit firms based in mainland China and Hong
Kong, as required under U.S. law. The SOP Agreement remains
unpublished and is subject to further explanation and
implementation. Pursuant to the fact sheet with respect to the
SOP Agreement disclosed by the SEC, the PCAOB shall have sole
discretion to select any audit firms for inspection or
investigation and the PCAOB inspectors and investigators shall have
a right to see all audit documentation without redaction. According
to the PCAOB, its December 2021 determinations under the HFCA
Act remain in effect. The PCAOB is required to reassess
these determinations by the end of 2022. Under the PCAOB’s
rules, a reassessment of a determination under the HFCA Act may
result in the PCAOB reaffirming, modifying or vacating
the determination. However, if the PCAOB continues to be prohibited
from conducting complete inspections and investigations of
PCAOB-registered public accounting firms in mainland China and Hong
Kong, the PCAOB is likely to determine by the end of 2022 that
positions taken by authorities in the PRC obstructed its ability to
inspect and investigate registered public accounting firms in
mainland China and Hong Kong completely, then the companies audited
by those registered public accounting firms would be subject to a
trading prohibition on U.S. markets pursuant to the HFCA Act.
Our auditor, the independent registered public accounting firm that
issues the audit report included elsewhere in this prospectus, as
an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United
States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is subject to laws in
the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular
inspections to assess our auditor’s compliance with the applicable
professional standards. Our auditor is headquartered in California,
and is subject to inspection by the PCAOB on a regular basis with
the last inspection in October 2019.
However, the recent developments would add uncertainties to our
offering, and we cannot assure you whether NYSE American or
regulatory authorities would apply additional and more stringent
criteria to us after considering the effectiveness of our auditor’s
audit procedures and quality control procedures, adequacy of
personnel and training, or sufficiency of resources, geographic
reach or experience as it relates to the audit of our financial
statements. In addition, any additional actions, proceedings, or
new rules resulting from the efforts to increase U.S. regulatory
access to audit information could create some uncertainty for
investors, the market price of our ordinary share could be
adversely affected, and we could be delisted if we and our auditor
are unable to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement or being
required to engage a new audit firm, which would require
significant expense and management time.
There are risks that the Chinese government may intervene or
influence our operations at any time which could result in a
material change in our operations and/or the value of our
securities
The PRC legal system is a civil law system based on written
statutes. Unlike the common law system, prior court decisions under
the civil law system may be cited for reference but have limited
precedential value. Since these laws and regulations are relatively
new and the PRC legal system continues to rapidly evolve, the
promulgation of new rules and explanations and interpretations of
many laws, regulations and rules are not always uniform and
enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involves
uncertainties.
In 1979, the PRC government began to promulgate a comprehensive
system of laws and regulations governing economic matters in
general. The overall effect of legislation over the past three
decades has significantly enhanced the protections afforded to
various forms of foreign investments in China. However, China has
not developed a fully integrated legal system, and recently enacted
laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of
economic activities in China. In particular, the interpretation and
enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties.
Specifically, rules and regulations in China can change quickly
with little advance notice. The Chinese government may exert more
control and oversight over offerings conducted overseas and/or
foreign investment in China-based issuers, and there are risks that
such action could significantly limit or completely hinder our
ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and
cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be
worthless.
Uncertainties in the promulgation, interpretation and enforcement
of PRC laws and regulations could limit the legal protections
available to you and us. From time to time, we may have to resort
to administrative and court proceedings to enforce our legal
rights. However, since PRC administrative and court authorities
have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing
statutory and contractual terms, it may be more difficult to
evaluate the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and
the level of legal protection we enjoy than in more developed legal
systems. Furthermore, the PRC legal system is based in part on
government policies and internal rules (some of which are not
published in a timely manner or at all) that may have retroactive
effect. As a result, we may not be aware of its violation of these
policies and rules until sometime after the violation. Such
uncertainties, including uncertainty over the scope and effect of
our contractual, property (including intellectual property) and
procedural rights, could materially and adversely affect our
business and impede our ability to continue its operations.
Planet Green, our subsidiaries, and the VIEs are subject to
extensive and evolving legal system in the PRC, non-compliance with
which, or changes in which, may materially and adversely affect
Planet Green, our subsidiaries and the VIEs’ business and
prospects, and may result in a material change in Planet Green, our
subsidiaries and the VIEs’ operations and/or the value of our
securities or could significantly limit or completely hinder Planet
Green, our subsidiaries and the VIEs’ ability to offer or continue
to offer securities to investors and cause the value of our
securities to significantly decline or be worthless.
PRC companies are subject to various PRC laws, regulations and
government policies and the relevant laws, regulations and policies
continue to evolve. Recently, the PRC government is enhancing
supervision over companies seeking listings overseas and some
specific business or activities such as the use of variable
interest entities and data security or anti-monopoly. The PRC
government may adopt new measures that may affect Planet Green, our
subsidiaries and the VIEs’ operations, or may exert more oversight
and control over offerings conducted outside of China and foreign
investment in China-based companies, and Planet Green, our
subsidiaries and the VIEs may be subject to challenges brought by
these new laws, regulations and policies. However, since these
laws, regulations and policies are relatively new and the PRC legal
system continues to rapidly evolve, the interpretations of many
laws, regulations and rules are not always uniform and enforcement
of these laws, regulations and rules involve uncertainties.
Furthermore, as Planet Green, our subsidiaries and the VIEs may be
subject to additional, yet undetermined, laws and regulations,
compliance may require us to obtain additional permits and
licenses, complete or update registrations with relevant regulatory
authorities, adjust our business operations, as well as allocate
additional resources to monitor developments in the relevant
regulatory environment. However, under the stringent regulatory
environment, it may take much more time for the relevant regulatory
authorities to approve new applications for permits and licenses,
and complete or update registrations and we cannot assure you that
we will be able to comply with these laws and regulations in a
timely manner or at all. The failure to comply with these laws and
regulations may delay, or possibly prevent, us to conduct business,
accept foreign investments, or be listed overseas.
The occurrence of any of these events may materially and adversely
affect our business and prospects and may result in a material
change in our operations and/or the value of our securities or
could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer
or continue to offer securities to investors. In addition, if any
of changes causes us unable to direct the activities of the VIEs or
lose the right to receive its economic benefits, we may not be able
to consolidate the VIEs into our consolidated financial statements
in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which could cause the value of PLAG’s
securities to significantly decline or become worthless.
Any actions by the Chinese government, including any decision
to intervene or influence the operations of our PRC subsidiaries or
the VIEs or to exert control over any offering of securities
conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based
issuers, may cause us to make material changes to the operations of
our PRC subsidiaries or the VIEs, may limit or completely hinder
our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors,
and may cause the value of such securities to significantly decline
or be worthless.
The ability of our
subsidiaries and the VIEs to operate in China may be impaired by
changes in its laws and regulations, including those
relating to value-added
telecommunications service industry, taxation, foreign investment
limitations, and other matters.
The central or local governments of China may impose new, stricter
regulations or interpretations of existing regulations that would
require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure
our PRC subsidiaries and the VIEs’ compliance with such regulations
or interpretations. As such, our PRC subsidiaries and the VIEs may
be subject to various government actions and regulatory
interference in the provinces in which they operate. They could be
subject to regulation by various political and regulatory entities,
including various local and municipal agencies and government
sub-divisions. They may incur increased costs necessary to comply
with existing and newly adopted laws and regulations or penalties
for any failure to comply.
Furthermore, it is uncertain when and whether we will be required
to obtain permission from the PRC government to maintain our
listing status on U.S. exchanges in the future, and even when such
permission is obtained, whether it will be later denied or
rescinded. On December 24, 2021, the CSRC issued the Provisions of
the State Council on the Administration of Overseas Securities
Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (Draft for Comments) and
the Administrative Measures for the Filing of Overseas Securities
Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (Draft for Comments)
(collectively, the “Draft Overseas Listing Regulations”), which
propose to require PRC companies and their overseas special purpose
vehicles that seek to offer and list in overseas markets to file
with the CSRC and meet compliance rules for their listing. Although
we believe that, under existing applicable PRC laws, regulations
and regulatory rules, our company, our WFOEs, the VIEs and their
subsidiaries, are not required to obtain permission from the CSRC,
and none of them has received any notice of denial of permission to
list on a U.S. exchange from any Chinese authorities, we cannot
assure you that the relevant PRC government agencies, including the
CSRC, would reach the same conclusion as we do. If the CSRC or any
other PRC regulatory body subsequently determines that we need to
file with the CSRC or obtain the CSRC’s approval to maintain our
listing status on U.S. exchanges or for the offering of securities
by us under this prospectus or if the CSRC or any other PRC
government authorities promulgates any interpretation or implements
rules that would require us to file with or obtain approvals of the
CSRC or other governmental bodies for any such listing status or
offering, we may face adverse actions that could have a material
and adverse effect on our business, reputation, financial
condition, results of operations, prospects, as well as the trading
price of the ADSs.
Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any
decision to intervene or influence the operations of our PRC
subsidiaries or the VIEs at any time, or to exert control over an
offering of securities conducted overseas and/or foreign investment
in China-based issuers, may cause us to make material changes to
the operations of our PRC subsidiaries or the VIEs, may limit or
completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer
securities to investors, and/or may cause the value of such
securities to significantly decline or be worthless. We or the
VIEs have not received any inquiry, notice, warning, or sanctions
regarding our corporate structure, contractual arrangements, the
VIEs’ operations and the offering that we may make under this
prospectus from the CSRC, CAC or any other PRC government
authorities.
The approval of and the filing with the CSRC or other PRC
government authorities may be required in connection with our
future offshore offerings under PRC law, and, if required, we
cannot predict whether or for how long we will be able to obtain
such approval or complete such filing.
The Regulations on Mergers
and Acquisitions of Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors (the
“M&A Rules”), adopted by six PRC regulatory agencies in 2006
and amended in 2009, include, among other things, provisions that
purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle, formed
for the purpose of an overseas listing of securities through
acquisitions of PRC domestic enterprises or assets and controlled
by PRC enterprises or individuals, to obtain the approval of the
CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose
vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On
September 21, 2006, pursuant
to the M&A Rules and other PRC laws, the CSRC published on its
official website relevant guidance regarding its approval of the
listing and trading of special purpose vehicles’ securities on
overseas stock exchanges, including a list of application
materials. However, substantial uncertainty remains regarding the
scope and applicability of the M&A Rules to offshore special
purpose vehicles. If the CSRC approval is required for any of our
future offering of securities overseas or to maintain our offshore
listing status on U.S. exchanges, it is uncertain whether we can or
how long it will take us to obtain the approval and, even if we
obtain such CSRC approval, the approval could be rescinded. Any
failure to obtain or delay in obtaining the CSRC approval for any
of our offshore offerings, or a rescission of such approval if
obtained, may subject us to sanctions imposed by the CSRC or other
PRC regulatory authorities, which may materially and adversely
affect our business, financial condition, and results of
operations.
On July 6, 2021, the relevant
PRC government authorities issued Opinions on Strictly Cracking
Down Illegal Securities Activities in accordance with the Law.
These opinions emphasized the need to strengthen the administration
over illegal securities activities and the supervision on overseas
listings by China-based companies and proposed to take
effective measures,
such as promoting the construction of relevant regulatory systems
to deal with the risks and incidents faced by China-based
overseas-listed companies. These opinions and any related
implementation rules to be enacted may subject us to additional
compliance requirement in the future. As these opinions were
recently issued, official guidance to act upon and the
interpretation thereof remain unclear at this time. We cannot
assure that we will remain fully compliant with all new regulatory
requirements of these opinions or any future implementation rules
on a timely basis, or at all. On December 24, 2021, the CSRC issued
the Draft Overseas Listing Regulations, which propose to establish
a new filing-based regime to regulate overseas offerings and
listings by domestic companies. Specifically, an overseas offering
and listing by a PRC company, whether directly or indirectly, an
initial or follow-on offering, must be filed with the CSRC. The
examination and determination of an indirect offering and listing
will be conducted on a substance-over-form basis, and an offering
and listing shall be deemed as a PRC company’s indirect overseas
offering and listing if the issuer meets the following conditions:
(1) any of the operating income, gross profit, total assets, or net
assets of the PRC enterprise in the most recent fiscal year was
more than 50% of the relevant line item in the issuer’s audited
consolidated financial statement for that year; and (2) senior
management personnel responsible for business operations and
management are mostly PRC citizens or have domicile in the PRC, and
the principal place of business is in the PRC or main business
activities are carried out in the PRC. The issuer or its affiliated
PRC entity, as the case may be, shall file with the CSRC for its
initial public offering, follow-on offering and other equivalent
offering activities. Particularly, the issuer shall submit the
filing with respect to its initial public offering and listing
within three business days after its initial filing of the listing
application, and submit the filing with respect to its follow-on
offering within three business days after the completion of the
follow-on offering. Failure to comply with the filing requirements
may result in fines to the relevant PRC companies, suspension of
their businesses, revocation of their business licenses and
operation permits and fines on the controlling shareholder and
other responsible persons. The Draft Overseas Listing Regulations
also set forth certain regulatory red lines for overseas offerings
and listings by PRC enterprises.
There are substantial uncertainties as to whether these draft
measures to regulate direct or indirect overseas offering and
listing would be further amended or updated, their enactment
timetable and final content. In a Q&A released on CSRC’s
official website on December 24, 2021, the respondent CSRC official
indicated that the proposed new filing requirement will start with
new issuers and listed companies seeking follow-on financing and
other financing activities. As for the filings for other listed
companies, the regulator will grant adequate transition period and
apply separate arrangements. The Q&A also pointed out that, if
compliant with relevant PRC laws and regulations, companies with
compliant VIE structure may seek overseas listing after completion
of the CSRC filings. Nevertheless, the Q&A did not specify what
would qualify as a “compliant VIE structure” and what relevant PRC
laws and regulations are required to be complied with. Although we
believe that, under existing applicable PRC laws, regulations and
regulatory rules, our company, our WFOEs, the VIEs and their
subsidiaries, are not required to obtain permission from the CSRC,
and none of them has received any notice of denial of permission to
list on a U.S. exchange from any Chinese authorities, we cannot
assure you that the relevant PRC government agencies, including the
CSRC, would reach the same conclusion as we do. Given the
substantial uncertainties surrounding the latest CSRC filing
requirements at this stage, we cannot assure you that, if ever
required, we would be able to complete the filings and fully comply
with the relevant new rules on a timely basis, or at all.
On December 27, 2021, the NDRC and MOFCOM jointly issued the
Negative List (2021 Version), which became effective on January 1,
2022. Pursuant to the Negative List (2021 Version), if a PRC
company engaging in the prohibited business stipulated in the
Negative List (2021 Version) seeks an overseas offering and
listing, it shall obtain the approval from the competent
governmental authorities. The foreign investors of the issuer shall
not be involved in the company’s operation and management, and
their shareholding percentages shall be subject, mutatis mutandis,
to the relevant regulations on the domestic securities investments
by foreign investors. As the 2021 Negative List is relatively new,
there remain substantial uncertainties as to the interpretation and
implementation of these new requirements, and it is unclear as to
whether and to what extent listed companies like us will be subject
to these new requirements. If we are required to comply with these
requirements and fail to do so on a timely basis, if at all, our
business operation, financial condition and business prospect may
be adversely and materially affected.
In addition, we cannot assure you that any new rules or regulations
promulgated in the future will not impose additional requirements
on us. If it is determined in the future that approval and filing
from the CSRC or other regulatory authorities or other procedures,
including the cybersecurity review under the Measures for
Cybersecurity Review and the annual data security review under the
Administrative Measures for Internet Data Security (Draft for
Comments), are required for our offshore offerings, it is uncertain
whether we can or how long it will take us to obtain such approval
or complete such filing procedures and any such approval or filing
could be rescinded or rejected. Any failure to obtain or delay in
obtaining such approval or completing such filing procedures for
our offshore offerings, or a rescission of any such approval or
filing if obtained by us, may subject us to sanctions by the CSRC
or other PRC regulatory authorities, which could materially and
adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial
condition and prospects, as well as the trading price of our listed
securities. The CSRC or other PRC regulatory authorities also may
take actions requiring us, or making it advisable for us, to halt
our offshore offerings before settlement and delivery of the shares
offered. Consequently, if investors engage in market trading or
other activities in anticipation of and prior to settlement and
delivery, they do so at the risk that settlement and delivery may
not occur. In addition, if the CSRC or other regulatory authorities
later promulgate new rules or explanations requiring that we obtain
their approvals or accomplish the required filing or other
regulatory procedures for our prior offshore offerings, we may be
unable to obtain a waiver of such approval requirements, if and
when procedures are established to obtain such a waiver. Any
uncertainties or negative publicity regarding such approval
requirement could materially and adversely affect our business,
prospects, financial condition, reputation, and the trading price
of our listed securities.
Failure to comply with governmental regulations and other
legal obligations concerning data protection and cybersecurity may
materially and adversely affect our business.
We and the VIEs are subject to PRC laws and regulations governing
the collecting, storing, sharing, using, processing, disclosure and
protection of data on the internet and mobile platforms as well as
cybersecurity. The PRC regulators, including the MIIT and the CAC,
have been increasingly focused on regulation in the areas of
cybersecurity and data protection and governmental authorities have
enacted a series of laws and regulations to enhance the protection
of privacy and data, which require certain authorization or consent
from users prior to collection, use or disclosure of their personal
data and also protection of the security of the personal data of
such users. The MIIT issued the Order for the Protection of
Telecommunications and Internet User Personal Information on July
16, 2013, requiring internet service providers to establish and
publish protocols relating to the collection or use of personal
information, keep any collected information strictly confidential
and take technological and other measures to maintain the security
of such information. Institutions and their employees are
prohibited from selling or otherwise illegally disclosing a
person’s personal information obtained during the course of
performing duties or providing services. Pursuant to the PRC
Cybersecurity Law, effective on June 1, 2017, network operators are
required to fulfill certain obligations to safeguard cyber security
and enhance network information management.
Moreover, existing PRC privacy, cybersecurity and data
protection-related laws and regulations are evolving and subject to
potentially differing interpretations, and various legislative and
regulatory bodies may expand current or enact new laws and
regulations regarding privacy, cybersecurity and data
protection-related matters. These developments could adversely
affect our and the VIEs’ business, operating results and financial
condition. Any failure or perceived failure by us or the VIEs to
comply with new or existing PRC privacy, cybersecurity or data
protection laws, regulations, policies, industry standards or legal
obligations, or any systems failure or security incident that
results in the unauthorized access to, or acquisition, release or
transfer of, personally identifiable information or other data
relating to customers or individuals may result in governmental
investigations, inquiries, enforcement actions and prosecutions,
private claims and litigation, fines and penalties, adverse
publicity or potential loss of business. For example, on June 10,
2021, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (the
“Standing Committee of the NPC”), promulgated the PRC Data Security
Law, which took effect in September 2021. The PRC Data Security Law
provides for data security obligations on entities and individuals
carrying out data activities. The PRC Data Security Law also
introduces a national security review procedure for those data
activities which may affect national security and imposes export
restrictions on certain data information. Furthermore, along with
the promulgation of the Opinions on Strictly Cracking Down Illegal
Securities Activities in accordance with the Law, overseas-listed
China-based companies are experiencing a heightened scrutiny over
their compliance with laws and regulations regarding data security,
cross-border data flow and management of confidential information
from PRC regulatory authorities.
On August 20, 2021, the Standing Committee of the NPC issued the
Personal Information Protection Law, which has been effective from
November 1, 2021 and reiterates the circumstances under which a
personal information processor could process personal information
and the requirements for such circumstances. The Personal
Information Protection Law clarifies the scope of application, the
definition of personal information and sensitive personal
information, the legal basis of personal information processing and
the basic requirements of notice and consent.
On October 29, 2021, the CAC publicly solicited opinions on the
Measures for the Security Assessment of Data Cross-border Transfer
(Draft for Comments), which requires that any data processor who
provides to an overseas recipient important data collected and
generated during operations within the territory of the PRC or
personal information that should be subject to security assessment
shall conduct security assessment. As of the date of this
prospectus, the anticipated adoption or effective date of the
Measures for the Security Assessment of Data Cross-border Transfer
(Draft for Comments) are subject to further changes with
substantial uncertainty.
On November 14, 2021, the CAC publicly solicited opinions on the
Administrative Measures for Internet Data Security (Draft for
Comments) (the “Draft Measures for Internet Data Security”), which
requires that data processors processing “important data” or listed
overseas shall conduct an annual data security assessment by itself
or commission a data security service provider to do so and submit
the assessment report for the preceding year to the municipal
cybersecurity department by the end of January each year. As of the
date of this prospectus, the Draft Measures for Internet Data
Security has not been formally adopted. However, if the Draft
Measures for Internet Data Security were to be enacted in the
current form, we, as an overseas listed company, will be required
to conduct an annual data security review and comply with the
relevant reporting obligations. Furthermore, according to the Draft
Measures for Internet Data Security, data processors shall, in
accordance with relevant state provisions, apply for cyber security
review when carrying out the following activities: (1) the merger,
reorganization or separation of internet platform operators that
have acquired a large number of data resources related to national
security, economic development or public interests, which affects
or may affect national security, (2) data processors that handle
the personal information of more than one million people intends to
be listed abroad, (3) the data processor intends to be listed in
Hong Kong, which affects or may affect national security, and (4)
other data processing activities that affect or may affect national
security. It remains uncertain whether the requirement of
cybersecurity review applies to follow-on offerings by an
overseas-listed online platform operator that possesses personal
data of more than one million users. Considering the substantial
uncertainties existing with respect to the enactment timetable,
final content, interpretation and implementation of the Draft
Measures for Internet Data Security, in particular with respect to
the explanation or interpretation for “affects or may affect
national security,” there remain uncertainties as to whether our
data processing activities may be deemed to affect national
security, thus subjecting us to a cybersecurity review. As of the
date of this prospectus, we have not received any formal notice
from any cybersecurity regulator that we shall be subject to a
cybersecurity review.
On December 28, 2021, the CAC
and 12 other government authorities published the Measures for
Cybersecurity Review, which took effect on February 15, 2022. The
Measures for Cybersecurity Review provides that certain operators
of critical information infrastructure purchasing internet products
and services or network platform operators carrying out data
processing activities, which affect or may affect national
security, must apply with the Cybersecurity Review Office for a
cybersecurity review. On July 30, 2021, the State Council
promulgated the Regulations on Protection of Critical
Information Infrastructure,
which became effective on September 1, 2021. Pursuant to the
Regulations on Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure,
critical information infrastructure shall mean any important
network facilities or information systems of an important industry
or field, such as public communication and information service,
energy, communications, water conservation, finance, public
services, e-government affairs and national defense science, and
any other important network facilities or information system which
may endanger national security, people’s livelihoods and public
interest in the event of damage, function loss or data leakage. In
addition, relevant administrative departments of each critical
industry and sector, shall be responsible to formulate eligibility
criteria and determine the critical information infrastructure
operator in the respective industry or sector. The operators shall
be informed about the final determination as to whether they are
categorized as critical information infrastructure operators. As of
the date of this prospectus, the exact scope of “critical
information infrastructure operators” under the current regulatory
regime remains unclear, and we have not been informed that we are
identified as a critical information infrastructure operator by any
governmental authorities. Furthermore, since the Measures for
Cybersecurity Review is relative new and the determination of
“affecting national security” are subject to further explanations
and interpretations, there remain uncertainties as to whether our
data processing activities may be deemed to affect national
security and whether we would be required to apply for a
cybersecurity review. We will continue to closely monitor the
rule-making process and will assess and determine whether we are
required to apply for the cybersecurity review. If we are
identified as an operator of “critical information infrastructure,”
we would be required to fulfill various obligations as required
under PRC cybersecurity laws and other applicable laws for such
operators of “critical information infrastructure,” and we may be
subject to cybersecurity review procedure before making certain
purchases of network products and services, which could lead to
adverse impacts on our business and a diversion of time and
attention of our management and our other resources. Furthermore,
there can be no assurance that we will obtain the clearance or
approval for these applications from the Cybersecurity Review
Office and the relevant regulatory authorities in a timely manner,
or at all. If we are found to be in violation of cybersecurity
requirements in China, the relevant governmental authorities may
conduct investigations, levy fines, or require us to change our
business practices in a manner materially adverse to our business.
Any of these actions may disrupt our operations and adversely
affect our business, results of operations and financial
condition.
Complying with these obligations could cause us to incur
substantial costs. As the interpretation and application of China’s
cybersecurity laws, regulations and standards are still uncertain
and evolving, we may be required to make further adjustments to our
and the VIEs’ business practices to comply with the enacted form of
the laws, which may increase our compliance cost and adversely
affect our business performance. We expect that there will continue
to be new proposed laws, rules of self-regulatory bodies,
regulations and industry standards concerning privacy, data
protection and information security in the PRC, and we cannot yet
determine the impact such future laws, rules, regulations and
standards may have on our business.
Moreover, we may not disclose any personal data or information,
unless required by the competent PRC authorities through certain
procedures required by the laws, for the purpose of, among others,
safeguarding the national security, investigating crimes,
investigating infringement of information network communications
rights, or cooperating with the supervision and inspection of
telecommunications regulatory authorities. Failure to comply with
these requirements could subject us to fines and penalties.
Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could have
a material adverse on us and the VIEs.
The PRC legal system is a civil law system based on written
statutes. Unlike the common law system, prior court decisions in a
civil law system may
be cited as reference but have limited precedential value. Since
1979, newly introduced PRC laws and regulations have significantly
enhanced the protections of interest relating to foreign
investments in mainland China. However, since these laws and
regulations are relatively new and the PRC legal system continues
to evolve rapidly, the interpretations of such laws and regulations
may not always be consistent, and enforcement of these laws and
regulations involves significant uncertainties, any of which could
limit the available legal protections.
In addition, the PRC administrative and judicial authorities have
significant discretion in interpreting, implementing or enforcing
statutory rules and contractual terms, and it may be more difficult
to predict the outcome of administrative and judicial proceedings
and the level of legal protection we and the VIEs may enjoy in the
PRC than under some more developed legal systems. Furthermore, the
PRC legal system is based in part on government policies and
internal rules (some
of which are not published in a timely manner or at all) that may
have retroactive effect. These uncertainties may affect our
decisions on the policies and actions to be taken to comply with
PRC laws and regulations, and may affect our and the VIEs’ ability
to enforce our and their contractual or tort rights, respectively.
In addition, the regulatory uncertainties may be exploited through
unmerited legal actions or threats in an attempt to extract
payments or benefits from us or the VIEs. Such uncertainties may
therefore increase our and the VIEs’ operating expenses and costs,
and materially and adversely affect our and the VIEs’ business and
results of operations.
You
may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process,
enforcing foreign judgments, or bringing actions in China against
us or our management named in the prospectus based on foreign laws.
It may also be difficult for you or overseas regulators to conduct
investigations or collect evidence within China.
Planet Green is not an operating company in the PRC but a Nevada
holding company with its operations conducted through its
subsidiaries in the PRC, Hong Kong and Canada and through
contractual arrangements with its variable interest entities, or
VIEs. Currently a majority of our senior executive officers and all
directors either reside within China or Hong Kong, are physically
there for a significant portion of each year, and are PRC
nationals. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect
service of process upon us or those persons inside mainland China.
In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the
PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts against us
or such persons predicated upon the civil liability provisions of
U.S. securities laws or those of any U.S. state.
The recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided
for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. PRC courts may
recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the
requirements of the PRC Civil Procedures Law based
either on treaties between China and the country where the judgment
is made or on principles of reciprocity between jurisdictions.
China does not have any treaties or other forms of written
arrangement with the U.S. that provide for the reciprocal
recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. In addition,
according to the PRC Civil Procedures Law, the PRC
courts will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our
directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violates
the basic principles of PRC laws or national sovereignty, security,
or public interest. As a result, it is uncertain whether and on
what basis a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by a court
in the U.S.
It may also be difficult for you or overseas regulators to conduct
investigations or collect evidence within China. For example, in
China, there are significant legal and other obstacles to obtaining
information needed for shareholder investigations or litigation
outside China or otherwise with respect to foreign entities.
Although the authorities in China may establish a regulatory
cooperation mechanism with its counterparts of another country or
region to monitor and oversee cross-border securities activities,
such regulatory cooperation with the securities regulatory
authorities in the U.S. may not be efficient in the absence of a
practical cooperation mechanism. Furthermore, according to Article
177 of the PRC Securities Law, or “Article 177,” which became
effective in March 2020, no overseas securities regulator is
allowed to directly conduct investigations or evidence collection
activities within the territory of the PRC. Article 177 further
provides that Chinese entities and individuals are not allowed to
provide documents or materials related to securities business
activities to foreign agencies without prior consent from the
securities regulatory authority of the PRC State Council and the
competent departments of the PRC State Council. While detailed
interpretation of or implementing rules under Article 177 have yet
to be promulgated, the inability for an overseas securities
regulator to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection
activities within China may further increase difficulties faced by
you in protecting your interests.
Risks Related to our Common Stock
Our common stock may be subject now and in the future to the
SEC’s “Penny Stock” rules.
We may be subject now and in the future to the SEC’s “penny stock”
rules if our shares of common stock sell below $5.00 per share.
Penny stocks generally are equity securities with a price of less
than $5.00. The penny stock rules require broker-dealers to deliver
a standardized risk disclosure document prepared by the SEC which
provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of
risks in the penny stock market. The broker-dealer must also
provide the customer with current bid and offer quotations for the
penny stock, the compensation of the broker-dealer and its
salesperson and monthly account statements showing the market value
of each penny stock held in the customer’s account. The bid and
offer quotations, and the broker-dealer and salesperson
compensation information must be given to the customer orally or in
writing prior to completing the transaction and must be given to
the customer in writing before or with the customer’s
confirmation.
In addition, the penny stock rules require that prior to a
transaction; the broker dealer must make a special written
determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the
purchaser and receive the purchaser’s written agreement to the
transaction. The penny stock rules are burdensome and may reduce
purchases of any offerings and reduce the trading activity for
shares of our common stock. As long as our shares of common stock
are subject to the penny stock rules, the holders of such shares of
common stock may find it more difficult to sell their
securities.
We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable
future.
We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the
operation and expansion of our business, and we do not expect to
declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. As a
result, you may only receive a return on your investment in our
shares of common stock if the market price of our shares of common
stock increases.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or
reports about our business, or if they publish a negative report
regarding our shares of common stock, the price of our shares of
common stock and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our shares of common stock may depend in
part on the research and reports that industry or securities
analysts publish about us or our business. We do not have any
control over these analysts. If one or more of the analysts who
cover us downgrade us, the price of our shares of common stock
would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease
coverage of our company or fail to regularly publish reports on us,
we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which could
cause the price of our shares of common stock and the trading
volume to decline.
The market price of our shares of common stock may be
volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance,
and you may not be able to resell your shares at or above the
offering price.
If you purchase our shares of common stock, you may not be able to
resell those shares at or above the offering price. The market
price of our shares of common stock may fluctuate significantly in
response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control,
including:
|
● |
actual
or anticipated fluctuations in our revenue and other operating
results; |
|
● |
the
financial projections we may provide to the public, any changes in
these projections or our failure to meet these
projections; |
|
● |
actions
of securities analysts who initiate or maintain coverage of us,
changes in financial estimates by any securities analysts who
follow our company or our failure to meet these estimates or the
expectations of investors; |
|
● |
announcements
by us or our competitors of significant products or features,
technical innovations, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint
ventures or capital commitments; |
|
● |
price
and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market, including as a
result of trends in the economy as a whole; |
|
● |
lawsuits
threatened or filed against us; and |
|
● |
other
events or factors, including those resulting from war or incidents
of terrorism, or responses to these events. |
In addition, the stock markets have experienced extreme price and
volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the
market prices of equity securities of many companies. Stock prices
of many companies have fluctuated in a manner unrelated or
disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies.
In the past, shareholders have filed securities class action
litigation following periods of market volatility. If we were to
become involved in securities litigation, it could subject us to
substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management
from our business and adversely affect our business.
CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This
prospectus, each prospectus supplement and the information
incorporated by reference in this prospectus and each prospectus
supplement contain certain statements that constitute
“forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and
Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or
the Exchange Act. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking
statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,”
“expects,” “plans,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “believes,”
“estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative
of such terms and other comparable terminology. These
forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements
about our market opportunity, our strategies, ability to improve
and expand our capabilities, competition, expected activities and
expenditures as we pursue our business plan, the adequacy of our
available cash resources, regulatory compliance, plans for future
growth and future operations, the size of our addressable market,
market trends, and the effectiveness of the Company’s internal
control over financial reporting. Although we believe that the
expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are
reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity,
performance or achievements. Actual results may differ materially
from the predictions discussed in these forward-looking statements.
The economic environment within which we operate could materially
affect our actual results. Forward-looking statements are
inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot
be predicted or quantified. These risks and other factors include,
but are not limited to, those listed under “Risk
Factors.”
The
forward-looking statements in this prospectus and the documents
incorporated by reference herein include, among other things,
statements about:
|
● |
expectations regarding our strategies and future financial
performance, including our future business plans or objectives,
prospective performance and opportunities and competitors,
revenues, customer acquisition and retention, products and
services, pricing, marketing plans, operating expenses, market
trends, liquidity, cash flows and uses of cash, capital
expenditures, and our ability to invest in growth initiatives and
pursue acquisition opportunities; |
|
● |
limited liquidity and trading of our securities; |
|
● |
geopolitical risk and changes in applicable laws or
regulations; |
|
● |
the possibility that our operations and financial performance
may be adversely affected by other economic, business, and/or
competitive factors; |
|
● |
litigation and regulatory enforcement risks, including the
diversion of management time and attention and the additional costs
and demands on our resources; |
|
● |
fluctuations in exchange rates between the foreign currencies
in which we typically does business and the United States dollar;
or |
|
● |
our ability to effectively integrate and manage the businesses
acquired in recent acquisitions and our ability to mange new
businesses which may be acquired from time to time. |
We may not
actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in
our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue
reliance on our forward-looking statements. Actual results or
events could differ materially from the plans, intentions and
expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements we make.
We have included important factors in the cautionary statements
included in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus,
particularly under “Risk Factors” that we believe could cause
actual results or events to differ materially from the
forward-looking statements that we make. Our forward-looking
statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future
acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures, collaborations
or investments we may make.
You should
read this prospectus and the documents that we incorporate by
reference herein and therein completely and with the understanding
that our actual future results may be materially different from
what we expect. We qualify all of the forward-looking statements in
this prospectus by these cautionary statements.
Except as
required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise any
forward-looking statements to reflect new information or future
events or developments. You should not assume that our silence over
time means that actual events are bearing out as expressed or
implied in such forward-looking statements. Before deciding to
purchase our securities, you should carefully consider the risk
factors discussed and incorporated by reference in this prospectus
and in the applicable prospectus supplement. See “Risk
Factors.”
INDUSTRY AND MARKET
DATA
This
prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference in this
prospectus may contain industry and market data that we obtain from
our internal estimates and research, as well as publications,
research, surveys and studies conducted by independent third
parties not affiliated to us and industry sources. These sources do
not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of the information.
While we believe that each of these studies and publications is
reliable, we have not independently verified the market and
industry data provided by third-party sources. In addition, while
we believe our internal research is reliable, not all such research
has been verified by any independent source. The market data
may include projections that are based on a number of other
projections or third party North American or European PET indexes.
While we believe these assumptions to be reasonable and sound as of
the date of this prospectus, actual results may differ from the
projections. We note that assumptions underlying industry and
market data are subject to change over time, risks and
uncertainties, including those discussed under “Item 1A—Risk
Factors” of this prospectus.
USE OF
PROCEEDS
We will
retain broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds to us from
the sale of our securities under this prospectus. Except as
otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement relating
to a specific offering, we intend to use the net proceeds from the
sale of securities by us under this prospectus for general
corporate purposes, which may include working capital, capital
expenditures, research and development expenditures, commercial
expenditures, acquisitions of new technologies or businesses, and
investments. Additional information on the use of net proceeds from
the sale of securities by us under this prospectus will be set
forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the specific
offering.
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL
STOCK
The following summary of the terms of our capital stock is subject
to and qualified in its entirety by reference to our seventh
amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as amended, or
the Certificate, and our amended and restated bylaws, or Bylaws,
copies of which are on file with the SEC as exhibits to previous
SEC filings. Please refer to “Where You Can Find More Information”
below for directions on obtaining these documents.
Common
Stock
As of the date of this prospectus, (i) our capital stock was held
of record by 344 stockholders and (ii) there were 72,081,930 shares
of common stock outstanding.
We are a
Nevada corporation and the rights of holders of our common stock
are derived under Nevada law and our Certificate of Incorporation
and Bylaws Shares of our common stock have the following rights,
preferences and privileges:
Voting
Rights
Each
holder of common stock is entitled to one vote per share on all
matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. We have not provided
for cumulative voting in the election of directors. Accordingly,
the holders of a majority of the shares of our common stock
entitled to vote in any election of directors can elect all of the
directors standing for election. Except as otherwise required by
law, holders of our common stock are not entitled to vote on any
amendment to the Certificate that relates solely to the terms of an
outstanding series of preferred stock if the holders of such series
are entitled to vote thereon pursuant to the Certificate or any
certificate of designation.
Dividends
Subject to
preferences that may apply to shares of preferred stock outstanding
at the time, the holders of outstanding shares of our common stock
are entitled to receive dividends out of assets legally available
at the times and in the amounts that our board of directors may
determine from time to time. The timing, declaration, amount and
payment of future dividends will depend on our financial condition,
earnings, capital requirements and debt service obligations, as
well as legal requirements, regulatory constraints, industry
practice and other factors that its board of directors deems
relevant. Our board of directors will make all decisions regarding
our payment of dividends from time to time in accordance with
applicable law.
Liquidation
Upon our
liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, the holders of common stock
are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment
of all liabilities and the liquidation preferences of any
outstanding preferred stock.
No
Preemptive or Similar Rights
The
holders of our common stock do not have any preemptive rights or
preferential rights to subscribe for shares of our capital stock or
any other securities. Our common stock is not subject to any
redemption or sinking fund provisions.
Transfer Agent and
Registrar
The
transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Empire Stock
Transfer, Inc. with its address at 1859 Whitney Mesa Dr, Henderson,
NV 89014.
Listing
Our common
stock is listed on NYSE AMERICAN under the symbol “PLAG.” The
applicable prospectus supplement will contain information, where
applicable, as to other listings, if any, on NYSE American or the
other securities exchange of the securities covered by the
applicable prospectus supplement.
Preferred
Stock
We may issue, from time to time in one or more series, the terms of
which may be determined at the time of issuance by our board of
directors, without further action by our stockholders, shares of
preferred stock and such shares may include voting rights,
preferences as to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights,
redemption rights and sinking fund provisions. The shares of each
series of preferred stock shall have preferences, limitations and
relative rights, including voting rights, identical with those of
other shares of the same series and, except to the extent provided
in the description of such series, of those of other series of
preferred stock. We currently have as of October 29, 2022 no
classes of preferred stock designated or outstanding.
The laws of the state of Nevada, the state of our incorporation,
provide that the holders of preferred stock will have the right to
vote separately, as a class, on any proposal involving fundamental
changes in the rights of holders of such preferred stock. This
right is in addition to any voting rights that may be provided for
in the applicable certificate of designation.
The issuance of preferred stock could decrease the amount of
earnings and assets available for distribution to the holders of
common stock or adversely affect the rights and powers, including
voting rights, of the holders of common stock. The issuance of
preferred stock, while providing flexibility in connection with
possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could, among
other things, have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing
a change in control of Planet Green or the removal of management,
which could depress the market price of our common stock.
If we
offer a specific series of preferred stock under this prospectus,
we will describe the terms of the preferred stock in the prospectus
supplement for such offering and will file a copy of the
certificate establishing the terms of the preferred stock with the
SEC. To the extent required, this description will
include:
|
● |
the title
and stated value; |
|
● |
the number
of shares offered, the liquidation preference per share and the
purchase price; |
|
● |
the
dividend rate(s), period(s) and/or payment date(s), or method(s) of
calculation for such dividends; |
|
● |
whether
dividends will be cumulative or non-cumulative and, if cumulative,
the date from which dividends will accumulate; |
|
● |
the
procedures for any auction and remarketing, if any; |
|
● |
the
provisions for a sinking fund, if any; |
|
● |
the
provisions for redemption, if applicable; |
|
● |
any
listing of the preferred stock on any securities exchange or
market; |
|
● |
whether
the preferred stock will be convertible into common stock or other
securities of the Company, and, if applicable, the conversion price
(or how it will be calculated), the conversion period and any other
terms of conversion (including any anti-dilution provisions, if
any); |
|
● |
whether
the preferred stock will be exchangeable into debt securities, and,
if applicable, the exchange price (or how it will be calculated),
the exchange period and any other terms of exchange (including any
anti-dilution provisions, if any); |
|
● |
voting
rights, if any, of the preferred stock; and |
|
● |
a
discussion of any material U.S. federal income tax considerations
applicable to the preferred stock. |
The
preferred stock offered by this prospectus, when issued, will not
have, or be subject to, any preemptive or similar rights. The
transfer agent and registrar for any series of preferred stock will
be set forth in each applicable prospectus supplement.
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT
SECURITIES AND CONVERTIBLE DEBT SECURITIES
This section describes the general terms and provisions of the debt
securities that we may offer under this prospectus, any of which
may be issued as convertible or exchangeable debt securities. We
will set forth the particular terms of the debt securities it
offers in a prospectus supplement. The extent, if any, to which the
following general provisions apply to particular debt securities
will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. The
following description of general terms relating to the debt
securities and the indenture under which the debt securities will
be issued are summaries only and therefore are not complete. You
should read the indenture and the prospectus supplement regarding
any particular issuance of debt securities.
We may offer under this prospectus up to $200,000,000 aggregate
principal amount of secured or unsecured debt securities, or if
debt securities are issued at a discount, or in a foreign currency
or composite currency, such principal amount as may be sold for a
public offering price of up to $200,000,000. The debt securities
may be either senior debt securities, senior subordinated debt
securities or subordinated debt securities. We will issue any debt
securities under an indenture to be entered into between it and the
trustee identified in the applicable prospectus supplement. The
terms of the debt securities will include those stated in the
indenture and any amendment or supplement thereto and those made
part of the indenture by reference to the Trust Indenture Act of
1939, or the Trust Indenture Act, as in effect on the date of the
indenture. We have filed or will file a copy of the form of
indenture as an exhibit to the registration statement in which this
prospectus is included.
The
following statements relating to the debt securities and the
indenture are summaries, qualified in their entirety by reference
to the detailed provisions of the indenture and the final form
indenture which will be filed with a future prospectus supplement
and any amendment or supplement thereto.
General
We may
issue the debt securities in one or more series with the same or
various maturities, at par, at a premium, or at a discount. We will
describe the particular terms of each series of debt securities in
a prospectus supplement relating to that series, which we will file
with the SEC.
The
prospectus supplement will set forth, to the extent required, the
following terms of the debt securities in respect of which the
prospectus supplement is delivered:
|
● |
the title of the
series; |
|
● |
the aggregate
principal amount; |
|
● |
the issue price or
prices, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal amount
of the debt securities; |
|
● |
any limit on the
aggregate principal amount; |
|
● |
the date or dates on
which principal is payable; |
|
● |
the interest rate or
rates (which may be fixed or variable) or, if applicable, the
method used to determine such rate or rates; |
|
● |
the date or dates from
which interest, if any, will be payable and any regular record date
for the interest payable; |
|
● |
the place or places
where principal and, if applicable, premium and interest, is
payable; |
|
● |
the terms and
conditions upon which we may, or the holders may require us to,
redeem or repurchase the debt securities; |
|
● |
the
denominations in which such debt securities may be issuable, if
other than denominations of $1,000 or any integral multiple of that
number; |
|
● |
whether
the debt securities are to be issuable in the form of certificated
securities (as described below) or global securities (as described
below); |
|
● |
the
portion of principal amount that will be payable upon declaration
of acceleration of the maturity date if other than the principal
amount of the debt securities; |
|
● |
the currency of
denomination; |
|
● |
the
designation of the currency, currencies or currency units in which
payment of principal and, if applicable, premium and interest, will
be made; |
|
● |
if
payments of principal and, if applicable, premium or interest, on
the debt securities are to be made in one or more currencies or
currency units other than the currency of denomination, the manner
in which the exchange rate with respect to such payments will be
determined; |
|
● |
if amounts
of principal and, if applicable, premium and interest may be
determined by reference to an index based on a currency or
currencies or by reference to a commodity, commodity index, stock
exchange index or financial index, then the manner in which such
amounts will be determined; |
|
● |
the provisions, if
any, relating to any collateral provided for such debt
securities; |
|
● |
any
addition to or change in the covenants and/or the acceleration
provisions described in this prospectus or in the
indenture; |
|
● |
any events of default,
if not otherwise described below under “Defaults and
Notice”; |
|
● |
the terms and
conditions, if any, for conversion into or exchange for shares of
our common stock or preferred stock; |
|
● |
any depositaries,
interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents
or other agents; |
|
● |
any guaranties of the
debt securities; |
|
● |
the terms
and conditions, if any, upon which the debt securities shall be
subordinated in right of payment to other of our indebtedness;
and |
|
● |
the terms and
conditions, if any, pursuant to which the debt securities, in whole
or in part, shall be defeasible. |
All debt
securities of one series need not be issued at the same time and,
unless otherwise provided, a series may be reopened, without the
consent of any holder, for issuances of additional debt securities
of that series with the same terms as the original debt securities
of that series (other than the issue price and the interest accrued
prior to the issue date of the additional debt securities). We may
issue discount debt securities that provide for an amount less than
the stated principal amount to be due and payable upon acceleration
of the maturity of such debt securities in accordance with the
terms of the indenture. We may also issue debt securities in bearer
form, with or without coupons. If we issue discount debt securities
or debt securities in bearer form, we will describe material U.S.
federal income tax considerations and other material special
considerations which apply to these debt securities in the
applicable prospectus supplement. We may issue debt securities
denominated in or payable in a foreign currency or currencies or a
foreign currency unit or units. If we do, we will describe the
restrictions, elections, and general tax considerations relating to
the debt securities and the foreign currency or currencies or
foreign currency unit or units in the applicable prospectus
supplement.
Exchange
and/or Conversion Rights
We may
issue debt securities which can be exchanged for or converted into
shares of our common stock or preferred stock. If we do, we will
describe the terms of exchange or conversion in the prospectus
supplement relating to these debt securities.
Transfer
and Exchange
We may
issue debt securities that will be represented by
either:
|
● |
“book-entry
securities,” which means that there will be one or more global
securities registered in the name of a depositary or a nominee of a
depositary; or |
|
● |
“certificated
securities,” which means that they will be represented by a
certificate issued in definitive registered form. |
We will
specify in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular
offering whether the debt securities offered will be book-entry or
certificated securities.
Certificated Debt
Securities
If you
hold certificated debt securities issued under an indenture, you
may transfer or exchange such debt securities in accordance with
the terms of the indenture. You will not be charged a service
charge for any transfer or exchange of certificated debt securities
but may be required to pay an amount sufficient to cover any tax or
other governmental charge payable in connection with such transfer
or exchange.
Protection in the Event of Change of Control
Any provision in an indenture that governs our debt securities
covered by this prospectus that includes any covenant or other
provision providing for a put or increased interest or that would
otherwise afford holders of its debt securities additional
protection in the event of a recapitalization transaction, a change
of control of Planet Green, or a highly leveraged transaction will
be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Covenants
Unless
otherwise indicated in this prospectus or the applicable prospectus
supplement, our debt securities may not have the benefit of any
covenant that limits or restricts our business or operations, the
pledging of our assets or the incurrence by us of indebtedness. We
will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement any material
covenants in respect of a series of debt securities.
Consolidation, Merger
and Sale of Assets
We may
agree in any indenture that governs the debt securities of any
series covered by this prospectus that it will not consolidate with
or merge into any other person or convey, transfer, sell or lease
our properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any
person, unless:
|
● |
we are the
surviving entity of any such merger or consolidation or the entity
formed by such merger or consolidation shall be organized under the
laws of the United States of America, or any state thereof or the
District of Columbia, and shall expressly assume by a supplemental
indenture all of our obligations related to such debt securities;
and |
|
● |
immediately before and
immediately after the merger or consolidation, no default or event
of default shall have occurred and be continuing. |
Notwithstanding the
foregoing, the indenture may allow certain transactions, including,
but not limited to, a merger between us and our wholly owned
subsidiary or a merger between us and our affiliate for the purpose
of converting the Company into a corporation under the laws of the
United States of America, or any state thereof or the District of
Columbia, or for the purpose of creating or collapsing a holding
company structure.
Defaults and Notice
The debt securities of any series will contain events of default to
be specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, which may
include, without limitation:
|
● |
failure
to pay the principal of, or premium, if any, on, any debt security
of such series when due and payable (whether at maturity, upon
redemption, acceleration or otherwise); |
|
● |
failure
to make a payment of any interest on any debt security of such
series when due and payable and such failure continues for a period
of 30 days; |
|
● |
our
failure to perform or observe any other covenants or agreements in
the indenture with respect to the debt securities of such series
and such failure continues for a period of 60 days after written
notice from the trustee or holders of 25% in the aggregate
principal amount of the then-outstanding debt securities of such
series; and |
|
● |
certain
events relating to our or our significant subsidiaries’ bankruptcy,
insolvency or reorganization. |
If an event of default with respect to debt securities of any
series shall occur and be continuing, we may agree that the trustee
or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the
then-outstanding debt securities of such series may declare the
principal amount of all debt securities of such series or such
other amount or amounts as the debt securities or supplemental
indenture with respect to such series may provide, to be due and
payable immediately. Any provisions pertaining to events of default
and any remedies associated therewith will be described in the
applicable prospectus supplement.
Any indenture that governs our debt securities covered by this
prospectus may require that the trustee under such indenture shall,
within 90 days after the trustee knows of the occurrence of a
default, give to holders of debt securities of any series notice of
all uncured defaults with respect to such series known to it.
However, except in the case of a default that results from the
failure to make any payment of the principal of, or interest or
premium, if any, on the debt securities of any series, the trustee
may withhold such notice if it in good faith determines that the
withholding of such notice is in the interest of the holders of
debt securities of such series. Any terms and provisions relating
to the foregoing types of provisions will be described in further
detail in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Any indenture that governs our debt securities covered by this
prospectus will contain a provision entitling the trustee to be
indemnified by holders of debt securities before instituting a
proceeding or pursuing a remedy under the indenture at the request
of such holders. Any such indenture may provide that the holders of
at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
then-outstanding debt securities of any series may direct the time,
method and place of conducting any proceedings for any remedy
available to the trustee, or of exercising any trust or power
conferred upon the trustee with respect to the debt securities of
such series. However, the trustee under any such indenture may
decline to follow any such direction if, among other reasons, the
trustee determines that the actions or proceedings as directed may
not lawfully be taken, would involve the trustee in personal
liability or would be unduly prejudicial to the holders of the debt
securities of such series not joining in such direction.
Any indenture that governs our debt securities covered by this
prospectus may permit the holders of such debt securities to
institute a proceeding with respect to such indenture, subject to
certain conditions, which will be specified in the applicable
prospectus supplement and which may include that the holders of at
least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of
such series then-outstanding make a prior written request upon the
trustee to exercise its power under the indenture and offer
reasonable indemnity to the trustee. Even so, such holders may have
an absolute right to receipt of the principal of, or premium, if
any, and interest when due, to require conversion or exchange of
debt securities if such indenture provides for convertibility or
exchangeability at the option of the holder and to institute suit
for the enforcement of such rights. Any terms and provisions
relating to the foregoing types of provisions will be described in
further detail in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Modification of the Indenture
We and the trustee may modify any indenture that governs our debt
securities of any series covered by this prospectus with or without
the consent of the holders of such debt securities, under certain
circumstances to be described in a prospectus supplement.
Defeasance; Satisfaction and Discharge
The prospectus supplement will outline the conditions under which
we may elect to have certain of our obligations under the indenture
discharged and under which the indenture obligations will be deemed
to be satisfied.
Any indenture that governs our debt securities covered by this
prospectus may provide that we may discharge our obligations under
such debt securities and the indenture with respect to such debt
securities if:
|
● |
either
(A) there shall have been canceled by the trustee under the
indenture, or delivered to the trustee for cancellation, all debt
securities of such series theretofore authenticated and delivered
or (B) all such debt securities not theretofore delivered to the
trustee for cancellation have become due and payable or will become
due and payable within one year or are to be called for redemption
within one year under irrevocable arrangements for the giving of
notice of redemption by the trustee; |
|
● |
we
have irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the
trustee funds in an amount sufficient to pay and discharge the
entire indebtedness on the debt securities not theretofore
delivered to the trustee for cancellation, for principal, premium,
if any, and interest to the maturity or date of
redemption; |
|
● |
we
have paid all other sums payable by it under the indenture or
deposited all other required sums with the trustee; and |
|
● |
the
deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute
a default under, any other instrument or agreement to which we are
a party or to which we are bound. |
Any indenture that governs our debt securities covered by this
prospectus may provide that we may be discharged from its
obligations with respect to any debt securities, subject to certain
exceptions. Further, any indenture that governs our debt securities
covered by this prospectus may provide that we may be released from
our obligations under certain sections of such indenture, subject
to certain exceptions. In either case, such indenture may provide
that certain conditions must be satisfied prior to such discharge
or release, including, but not limited to:
|
● |
we
shall have irrevocably deposited with the trustee, in trust, for
the purpose of making the following payments, specifically pledged
as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the
holders of the debt securities, (a) money, (b) U.S. or foreign
government obligations which through the scheduled payment of
principal and interest in respect thereof in accordance with their
terms will provide, not later than the due date of any payment,
money, or (c) a combination thereof, in an amount sufficient to pay
the entire indebtedness on such debt securities in respect of
principal, accrued interest and premium, if any; |
|
● |
there
shall be no continuing default or event of default with respect to
such debt securities at the time of the deposit or after giving
effect thereto; |
|
● |
there
shall not be certain conflicting interest for purposes of the Trust
Indenture Act; |
|
● |
such
actions shall not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute
a default under, any other agreement or instrument to which we are
bound; |