CATY Cathay General Bancorp

What is the purpose of the annual meeting? At the annual meeting, our stockholders will be asked to:

When and where will the annual meeting be held? The annual meeting will be held on May 15, 2023, at 5:00 p.m., Pacific Time exclusively in a virtual format at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/CATY2023

Who can attend the annual meeting via Internet? All stockholders at the close of business on the record date and their duly appointed proxies may attend the annual meeting in person via Internet. To be admitted to the annual meeting via the Internet, you must enter the control number on your proxy card.  

Who is entitled to vote at the annual meeting? The Board has fixed March 23, 2023, as the record date for the annual meeting. Only holders of record of our common stock at the close of business on the record date are entitled to receive notice of and to vote at the annual meeting. On the record date, 72,390,081 shares of our common stock were outstanding.

How many shares must be present to transact business at the annual meeting? A quorum is required for our stockholders to transact business at the annual meeting. The presence in person or by proxy of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of our common stock constitutes a quorum. Shares thatare voted “FOR,” “AGAINST” or “ABSTAIN” and broker non-votes will be counted towards determining whether or not a quorum is present. If the shares represented at the annual meeting are not sufficient to constitute a quorum, we may adjourn or postpone the annual meeting to permit the further solicitation of proxies.

How many votes am I entitled to? Each stockholder of record is entitled to one vote for each share of our common stock registered in the stockholder’s name. Shares may not be voted cumulatively for the election of directors or otherwise.

What is the difference between a “stockholder of record” and a “beneficial owner?” These terms describe how your shares are held. If your shares are registered directly in your name with our transfer agent, then you are a “stockholder of record” of those shares. As a stockholder of record, you have the right to vote by proxy via the Internet, by telephone, by mail, or in person via the Internet at the annual meeting.

If your shares are held in an account by a broker, bank, trust company, or other similar organization, then you are a “beneficial owner” of those shares and the organization holding your shares is considered the “stockholder of record” for purposes of voting at the annual meeting. If you are a beneficial owner, you have the right to direct the organization holding your shares on how to vote the shares held in your account.

How do I vote my shares? If you are a stockholder of record, there are four ways to vote:

If you vote via the Internet, by telephone, or complete and mail the proxy card, and we receive it on or before the voting date, your shares will be voted as you direct. Even if you plan to attend the annual meeting in person via the Internet, we encourage you to cast your vote before the annual meeting via the Internet, by telephone, or if you prefer, by completing, signing, dating, and returning the proxy card.

If you are a beneficial owner and your shares are held in a brokerage account or by a bank or other nominee, your ability to vote by telephone or the Internet depends on your broker’s voting process. Please follow the directions provided to you by your broker, bank or nominee.

What are broker non-votes? The term “broker non-votes” generally refers to shares that are held by a broker or other nominee in its name for the benefit of its clients but that cannot be voted because the broker or nominee is precluded from voting on “non-routine matters” and has not received voting instructions from the beneficial owner on those matters.

If you hold your shares in a brokerage account and do not give voting instructions to your broker on proposals that are considered “non-routine,” your broker cannot vote them for you and your shares will be treated as broker non-votes. At the annual meeting, Proposal One (Election of Directors) and Proposal Two (Advisory (Non-Binding) Vote to Approve Our Executive Compensation) involve matters that we believe will be considered “non-routine,” while Proposal Three (Ratification of the Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm) involves matters that we believe will be considered “routine.”

Therefore, it is important that you provide voting instructions for all proposals.

What if I don’t vote for some of the items listed in this proxy statement? If you are a stockholder of record and return your signed proxy card, or vote via the Internet or by telephone, the proxy holders will vote your shares, with respect to the items without specific voting instructions, according to the recommendations of the Board. The Board has designated Chang M. Liu and May K. Chan, and each of them individually, with power of substitution, as proxy holders.

May I change my vote? Yes. If you are a stockholder of record, you may revoke your proxy at any time before it is exercised by filing a written notice of revocation with our Corporate Secretary, by delivering to our Corporate Secretary a later signed and dated proxy card, or by a later dated vote via the Internet or by telephone. The deadline to vote via the Internet or by telephone is 11:59 p.m., Eastern Time, on May 14, 2023. You may also revoke your proxy if you attend the annual meeting in person via the Internet and vote online during the annual meeting by following the website instructions. Unless you decide to attend the annual meeting in person via the Internet and vote online at the annual meeting, we recommend that you change or revoke your prior instructions in the same manner as you originally gave them and provide enough time for the new voting instructions to reach us before the annual meeting begins. Once the annual meeting begins, you may only change or revoke your proxy by voting online at the annual meeting.

How are the shares held by the Cathay Bank Employee Stock Ownership Plan Trust (the “ESOPT”) voted? Each participant of the ESOPT has the power to direct the vote of the shares allocated to his or her account by providing voting instructions. Charles Schwab Bank, as Trustee of the ESOPT, will vote the shares allocated to a participant’s account as directed by the participant. If no direction is received by 11:59 p.m., Eastern Time, on May 10, 2023, with respect to any shares held by the ESOPT, the Trustee will vote such shares in the same manner as the shares voted by the Trustee on any matter as to which it has received timely directions.

How does the Board recommend that I vote? The Board unanimously recommends that you vote your shares as follows:

None of our directors has informed us in writing that they intend to oppose any action intended to be taken by us at the annual meeting.

What is the vote required to elect directors and approve the other proposals?

Proposal One (Election of Directors)

The nominees receiving a majority of votes cast at the annual meeting will be elected as directors. A majority of votes cast means the number of votes cast “for” the director’s election exceeds the number of votes cast “against” that director’s election. Abstentions and broker non-votes will not be counted as votes cast for this purpose, and will have no effect on the election of a director. If an incumbent director nominee fails to receive the requisite vote in an uncontested election, that director must offer to resign. Our Nomination and Governance Committee and the Board will then act on the tendered offer to resign in the best interest of Bancorp.

What happens if additional matters are presented at the annual meeting or a nominee is unable to serve as a director? As of the date of this proxy statement, the Board knows of no matters to be brought before the annual meeting other than the proposals specifically listed in the notice of annual meeting of stockholders. Nevertheless, if further business is properly presented, the proxy holders named in the enclosed proxy card will vote the shares in their discretion in accordance with their best judgment.

If any nominee for director named in this proxy statement becomes unavailable for any reason, or if any vacancy on the Board occurs before the election, the shares represented by any proxy voting for that nominee will be voted for the person who may be designated by the Board to replace the nominee or to fill that vacancy on the Board. However, as of the date of this proxy statement, the Board does not believe that any nominee will be unavailable or that any vacancy will occur.

How will proxies be solicited and who will pay for the solicitation? We will pay the cost of this solicitation of proxies. In addition to the use of the mail, officers, directors, and employees of Bancorp and its subsidiaries may solicit proxies personally or by telephone, facsimile, or electronic means. These individuals will not be specially compensated for these solicitation activities. Arrangements will also be made with brokerage firms and certain other custodians, nominees, and fiduciaries for forwarding solicitation materials to the beneficial owners of shares held of record by these persons, and we will reimburse them for their reasonable expenses incurred in forwarding these materials which we anticipate to be de minimis in nature.

What happens if the annual meeting is adjourned or postponed? Your proxy will remain valid and the shares may be voted at any adjourned annual meeting when resumed or at any postponed annual meeting. You will still be able to change your vote or revoke your proxy until the voting occurs.

Do I have rights or appraisal or similar rights of dissenters with respect to any matter to be acted upon at the annual meeting? None of the proposals to be acted upon at the annual meeting and discussed in this proxy statement carry rights of appraisal or similar rights of dissenters.

Under our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, the Board may consist of between three and 25 directors, and the number of directors within this range may be changed from time to time by the Board. The Board currently consists of 12 directors, each of whom is also a director of Cathay Bank, a California-chartered bank and wholly-owned subsidiary of Bancorp.

The Board has three classes of directors and our bylaws provide that the number of directors in each class should be as nearly equal in number as possible. The term of office of each class of directors is three years. The current term of the Class III directors will expire at the 2023 annual meeting of stockholders and, if elected at the 2023 annual meeting, the new term will expire at the 2026 annual meeting of stockholders. The current term of the Class I directors will expire at the 2024 annual meeting of stockholders. The current term of the Class II directors will expire at the 2025 annual meeting of stockholders.

Stockholders are being asked to elect four Class III directors. The Class III directors will hold office until the 2026 annual meeting of stockholders and their successors have been elected and qualified. The Board, based on the recommendation of the Nomination and Governance Committee and the unanimous vote of all independent directors of the Board, has nominated Nelson Chung, Felix S. Fernandez, Maan-Huei Hung, and Richard Sun to serve as Class III directors. All of the nominees are currently directors of Bancorp and Cathay Bank, and have served continuously in these capacities since the dates indicated in the “Nominees, Continuing Directors, and Executive Officers” below.

YOUR BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT YOU VOTE FOR EACH NOMINEE (NELSON CHUNG, FELIX S. FERNANDEZ, MAAN-HUEI HUNG, AND RICHARD SUN) AS CLASS III DIRECTORS.

Heng W. Chen has been Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer of Bancorp and Executive Vice President of Cathay Bank since 2003, and Chief Financial Officer of Cathay Bank since 2004. He was Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Cathay Real Estate Investment Trust from 2003 to 2013 and has been a Director, Vice President, and Chief Financial Officer of GBC Venture Capital, Inc. since 2003. Prior to joining Bancorp, Mr. Chen had over 25 years of experience in the areas of finance, accounting, and banking at City National Bank, City National Corporation, and at Price Waterhouse. Mr. Chen was formerly a Certified Public Accountant and received a Master of Business Administration degree.

Kim R. Bingham has been an Executive Vice President of Cathay Bank since 2004 and Chief Risk Officer of Cathay Bank since 2014. Mr. Bingham joined Cathay Bank in 2004 as Chief Credit Officer and served in that capacity until December 2013. Prior to joining Cathay Bank, Mr. Bingham managed Private Banking for Mellon Bank in the Western United States and prior to this position, Mr. Bingham served in a series of increasingly responsible staff and management positions in lending and credit for City National Bank. Mr. Bingham has more than 30 years of banking experience.

Mark H. Lee is the Executive Vice President and Chief Credit Officer of Cathay Bank. Mr. Lee joined Cathay Bank in April 2017 as Executive Vice President, Special Advisor to the Office of the President and was appointed as the Chief Credit Officer of Cathay Bank in December 2017.  Mr. Lee has more than 30 years of banking experience and provides leadership and support to the Credit Administration function at Cathay Bank.

Prior to joining Cathay Bank, Mr. Lee held senior leadership roles in credit administration and loan review, loan operations, and asset-based lending. He was the Senior Executive Vice President and Head of Corporate Banking of Bank of Hope (formerly known as BBCN Bank) from 2016 to 2017; Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Credit Officer of BBCN Bank (formerly known as Nara Bank) from 2009 to 2016; and Senior Vice President and Deputy Chief Credit Officer of East West Bank from 2007 to 2009.

Our business and affairs are managed under the direction and oversight of the Board. The Board is committed to maintaining the highest standards of business conduct and corporate governance. The Board has adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines, which, together with our certificate of incorporation, bylaws, Code of Ethics, and Board committee charters, form the framework for the governance of Bancorp. The Corporate Governance Guidelines, Code of Ethics and Board committee charters are available at www.cathaygeneralbancorp.com.

Meetings

The Board generally holds regular meetings every other month. Special meetings are called when necessary. During 2022, the Board held seven meetings. In 2022, each director attended more than 75% of the aggregate of (i) the total number of meetings of the Board held during the period for which he or she has been a director and (ii) the total number of meetings held by all committees of the Board on which he or she served during the periods that he or she served. It is our policy to invite and encourage all members of the Board to attend Bancorp’s annual meeting of stockholders. All of our directors attended the 2022 annual meeting of stockholders.

Board Leadership

Dunson K. Cheng leads the Board in his role as the Executive Chairman of the Board.

The Chairman of the Board sets the agendas, presides at Board meetings, and generally takes the lead role in the boardroom. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board, a Vice Chairman presides at Board meetings. Any director may suggest the inclusion of items on the agenda and raise at any Board meeting subjects that are not specifically on the agenda for that meeting.

The Chairman of the Board can be designated by the Board as the Chief Executive Officer or the Executive Chairman. The Board does not require the separation of the offices of the Chairman of the Board and the Chief Executive Officer. The Board recognizes no single leadership model is right for all companies and at all times. The Board believes it is important to maintain flexibility in its Board leadership structure depending on the needs of Bancorp.

The Board believes that separating the roles of the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board is the most appropriate structure for Bancorp at this time. The Board believes that this structure provides clarity of leadership following the appointment of Mr. Liu as Chief Executive Officer of Bancorp on October 1, 2020, and that Mr. Cheng is uniquely qualified through his experience and expertise to continue leading Bancorp in his capacity as the Executive Chairman.

Moreover, the Board recognizes that managing the Board can be a separate and time intensive responsibility. By separation of the roles of Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, it allows Mr. Liu to devote his full attention to the supervision, management and control of the business and affairs of Bancorp and Cathay Bank, without the additional responsibilities of Chairman of the Board. The Board also believes that having a separate Chairman of the Board allows Bancorp to continue to benefit from Mr. Cheng’s vast organizational, business and industry experience and expertise in his role as Executive Chairman and from the business synergies and mentoring opportunities.

In accordance with our Corporate Governance Guidelines, if the Chairman of the Board is an employee, or not independent, an independent director shall be elected by the independent directors to serve as the Lead Independent Director.

The Lead Independent Director is elected by the majority of independent directors on an annual basis at the first executive session after the annual stockholders’ meeting, and is charged with the following responsibilities:

Currently, Nelson Chung serves as the Lead Independent Director.

The Board also accomplishes much of its governance and oversight role through its Audit, Compensation, Nomination and Governance, and Risk Committees that, with the exception of the Risk Committee, are made up entirely of independent directors. The chairs of these committees take the lead in matters that come within their purview. In addition, the independent directors meet at least quarterly in executive session. Finally, the Chairman of the Board serves at the pleasure of the Board, and the independent members of the Board (constituting a majority of the directors) can call special meetings if the need arises. The Board believes that Bancorp’s approach to risk oversight helps to ensure that the Board can choose different leadership structures as appropriate without experiencing a material impact on its oversight or risk.

Risk Management Oversight

The Board is responsible for the oversight of risk management, and it looks to Bancorp’s and its subsidiary Cathay Bank’s management to develop and implement policies, processes, and procedures to appropriately identify, manage, and control risk exposure. The Board’s function is, among other things, to review these policies, processes, and procedures and determine whether they are aligned and integrated with the Board’s corporate strategy and risk tolerance, functioning appropriately, and adequately fostering a culture of risk-adjusted decision making within the organization.

In its oversight role, the Board relies to a large extent on its committee structure. Each of the committees considers the management of risk within the particular area of its responsibility. For example, the Compensation Committee has responsibility for monitoring the performance, and regularly reviewing the design and function of our incentive compensation plans and arrangements and seeks to ensure that they do not encourage executive officers to take unnecessary and excessive risks that threaten our value and do not encourage the manipulation of reported earnings to enhance the compensation of any employee. Separately, the Audit Committee oversees activities performed by the audit and loan review functions of Bancorp. The Chief Internal Auditor of Cathay Bank reports on audit matters directly to Cathay Bank’s Audit Committee, which also evaluates the performance of the Chief Internal Auditor. The Board has delegated the general responsibility for overall risk management oversight to the Risk Committee. The Risk Committee meets periodically with the Chief Risk Officer.

Risk management oversight is also provided through an internal committee of Cathay Bank, which is chaired by Cathay Bank’s Executive Vice President and Chief Risk Officer. This group meets at least quarterly and is responsible for evaluating relevant risk information, implementing appropriate strategies to address risks, and reporting the results to executive management, the Risk and Compliance Committee of the Cathay Bank Board of Directors, the Risk Committee, and the Board.

The Board receives regular reports from its committees, including the Risk Committee, regarding their deliberations and actions, as well as a quarterly report from the Chief Risk Officer of Cathay Bank, and regularly discusses and evaluates the risks we are facing and the effectiveness of actions being taken to monitor and control exposure from such risks. In addition, the independent directors meet at least annually in executive session with Cathay Bank’s Chief Risk Officer, Cathay Bank’s Chief Internal Auditor, and representatives of Bancorp’s independent registered public accounting firm.

Director Independence

Our Corporate Governance Guidelines provide that the Board shall be comprised of a majority of directors who, in the opinion of the Board, qualify as “independent directors” pursuant to the listing standards of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”). An “independent director” for purposes of the Guidelines means a person other than: (i) an executive officer or employee of Bancorp or its subsidiaries, or (ii) any other individual having a relationship which, in the opinion of the Board, would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director.

The Board considered relationships, transactions, and/or arrangements with each of its directors, including those disclosed below under “Transactions with Related Persons, Promoters and Certain Control Persons,” and determined that the following eight of its current 12 members are “independent” as defined in the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules: Kelly L. Chan, Nelson Chung, Felix S. Fernandez, Maan-Huei Hung, Jane Jelenko, Joseph C.H. Poon, Richard Sun, and Shally Wang. In addition, the Board has determined that:

The independent directors meet in executive session without the presence of any members of Bancorp’s management on a regularly scheduled basis, but not less than four times a year. In 2022, the independent directors met in executive session six times.

Board Diversity

The Board values diversity among its members. A board comprised of members from a diverse professional and personal background brings distinct viewpoints and perspectives that can effectively represent the long-term interest of our stockholders. Below are some of the key experience, qualifications, skills, and attributes possessed by our Board of Directors.

Technology / Systems experience is relevant to the Company as it looks for ways to enhance client experience and internal operations.

Leadership experience in holding significant leadership roles over an extended period of time provides the Company with unique insights.

Business Operations experience gives directors a practical understanding of development, implementation, and assessment of the Company’s operating plan and business strategies.

Finance includes financial expertise and literacy that is important as it assists the directors in understanding and overseeing the Company’s financial reporting and internal controls.

Risk Management experience is critical to the Board’s role in overseeing the risks facing the Company.

Real Estate experience is crucial in understanding and reviewing the Company’s business and strategies in lending and investments.

Inclusion and diversity are the cultural hallmarks of the Company. We believe that a diverse mix of directors with complementary qualifications, expertise, and attributes brings diverse perspectives that reflects on strong Board practices contributing to the overall oversight responsibility.

Our 12-member Board of Directors consist of 11 members of minority descent and a quarter of the Board seats are held by women. 

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee oversees Bancorp’s financial reporting on behalf of the Board. It appoints and evaluates Bancorp’s independent auditors, and reviews with the independent auditors the proposed scope of, fees for, and results of the annual audit. It reviews the system of internal accounting controls and the scope and results of internal audits with the independent auditors, the internal auditors, and Bancorp management. It considers the audit and non-audit services provided by the independent auditors, the proposed fees to be charged for each type of service, and the effect of non-audit services on the independence of the independent auditors.

As provided by its charter, the Audit Committee is comprised of three or more directors, and its members must meet the Nasdaq listing standards, the regulations of the SEC, and the requirements of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

All members of the Audit Committee are “independent” as defined in the Nasdaq listing standards. The Board conducted a review regarding whether any members of the Audit Committee meet the criteria to be considered an “audit committee financial expert” and determined that Mr. Chan, its Chairman, and Ms. Jelenko each qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined in Item 407(d)(5) of the SEC’s Regulation S‑K.

Although the Audit Committee does not have a policy for pre-approving services to be provided by Bancorp’s independent auditors, all services to be provided to Bancorp by its independent auditors are subject to review and approval by the Audit Committee in advance of the performance of the services, provided that the Audit Committee will not approve any non-audit services proscribed by Section 10A(g) of the Exchange Act in the absence of an applicable exemption. The Audit Committee may delegate to a designated member or members of the Audit

Committee the authority to approve such services so long as any such approval is reported to the full Audit Committee at its next scheduled meeting. The Audit Committee has not delegated such authority.

Compensation Committee

The purpose of the Compensation Committee is to exercise oversight with respect to the compensation philosophy, policies, practices, and implementation for our executive officers and directors, the administration of our equity-based compensation plans, and the administration of our incentive and other plans for our executive officers. In addition to its risk management responsibilities as described above, the Compensation Committee has responsibility for: (a) establishing our compensation policies and practices with regard to our Chief Executive Officer and the other executive officers; (b) reviewing and approving, at least annually, goals and objectives with respect to the performance of our Chief Executive Officer and the other executive officers; (c) evaluating, at least annually, the performance of our Chief Executive Officer and the other executive officers in light of the corporate goals and objectives and the performance evaluations; and (d) administering our equity-based compensation plans, including making awards and determining the terms and conditions of awards.

As provided by its charter, the Compensation Committee is comprised of at least two members of the Board. Each member of the Compensation Committee is required to be and is an “independent director” and otherwise qualifies as a member of the Compensation Committee under the Nasdaq listing standards; and qualifies as a “non-employee director” under Rule 16b-3(b)(3)(i) promulgated by the SEC under the Exchange Act.

Investment Committee

The Investment Committee oversees Bancorp’s investment and funds management policies at the holding company level. This committee exists alongside the Investment Committee at Cathay Bank.

Nomination and Governance Committee

All members of the Nomination and Governance Committee are “independent” as defined in the Nasdaq listing standards and the Nomination and Governance Committee is comprised of three or more members of the Board. This committee identifies and evaluates candidates qualified to serve as members of the Board and makes recommendations to the Board regarding such candidates. In addition, the committee has the following responsibilities with respect to corporate governance: (a) developing and recommending to the Board a set of corporate governance guidelines, reviewing and reassessing as appropriate the adequacy of any corporate governance guidelines adopted by the Board and recommending any proposed changes to the Board; (b) considering any other corporate governance issues that arise, developing appropriate recommendations for the Board, and addressing matters of corporate governance not otherwise delegated to other committees of the Board; (c) serving in an advisory capacity to the Board on matters of organizational and governance structure; (d) overseeing the implementation of the Board’s annual reviews of director independence; (e) developing and recommending to the Board a process to evaluate performance of the Board and its committees, and implementing and overseeing any process adopted; (f) reviewing and reassessing the adequacy of the various committee charters and recommending any proposed changes to the Board; (g) assisting the Board in reviewing our senior management development and succession planning; and (h) to assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities on ESG matters such as environment, health and safety, corporate social responsibility, sustainability, philanthropy, corporate governance, reputation, diversity, equity and inclusion, community issues, and other public policy matters relevant to the Company.

Nominees for this 2023 annual meeting of stockholders were recommended by this committee and unanimously approved by all of Bancorp’s independent directors.

The policy of the Nomination and Governance Committee is to consider candidates properly recommended by our stockholders. In evaluating any such candidates, the Nomination and Governance Committee will consider the criteria described below. Any such recommendations should include the nominee’s name and qualifications for membership on the Board and should be directed to May K. Chan, Corporate Secretary, Cathay General Bancorp, 777 North Broadway, Los Angeles, California 90012. In addition, our bylaws permit stockholders to nominate directors for election at stockholder meetings. To nominate a director, stockholders must give timely notice to our Corporate Secretary in accordance with our bylaws, which require that the notice be received by our Corporate Secretary within the time periods described under “Stockholder Proposals for 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders” below.

The Board and the Nomination and Governance Committee consider potential nominees based on such criteria as depth and breadth of relevant experience, intelligence, personal character, integrity, commitment to the community and to Bancorp, knowledge of the business of banking, compatibility with the current Board culture, and prominence—all in the context of the perceived needs of the Board at the point in time of the consideration. Nominees must also be acceptable to banking regulators. Bancorp seeks to ensure that at least a majority of the directors are independent under the Nasdaq listing standards and that members of Bancorp’s Audit Committee meet Nasdaq, SEC, and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation requirements and that at least one of them qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” under the rules of the SEC. When an independent director retires, resigns or declines to stand for reelection, the Nomination and Governance Committee generally will seek to identify and recommend to the Board candidates for election by the stockholders or by the Board to fill the vacancy who are independent as appropriate under all applicable standards.

Cathay Bank was founded in 1962 in Los Angeles, California, and is America’s oldest bank founded by Chinese-Americans. Since that time, it has expanded into metropolitan areas of the U.S. that have substantial Chinese-American populations, as well as established a branch in Hong Kong and a representative office in Shanghai, Taipei, and Beijing. To better serve its clients, many of Cathay Bank’s employees speak both English and one or more Chinese dialects or Vietnamese. As Cathay Bank has grown and expanded, the Board and the Nomination and Governance Committee have been considering greater diversity for the Board, in terms of race, gender, national origin, geography, skills, experience, and/or expertise. While there is no specific policy in place with respect to diversity, a conscious effort has been made, and will continue to be made, to add to the Board otherwise qualified individuals who are representative of diverse backgrounds and experiences.

The process for identifying and evaluating candidates is commenced by the Board upon its determination of a need to nominate a director or fill a new position or vacancy on the Board. At the request of the Board, the Nomination and Governance Committee then seeks to identify potential candidates who meet the specific criteria given by the Board at the time of the request based on input from members of the Board and, if the Board deems appropriate, a third-party search firm.

The process begins with the Nomination and Governance Committee conducting inquiries into the backgrounds and qualifications of such candidates. If the Nomination and Governance Committee determines that a candidate is qualified to serve as a director and that he or she should be recommended to the Board, the Board will then review the recommendation and the accompanying information. If the Board is interested in a proposed candidate, it will designate a member to contact the candidate to discuss the proposed nomination, and determine if the candidate is interested in the nomination and if there is any reason why the Board should not proceed with the nomination. Depending on the outcome, the next step is for the candidate to meet with all members of the Board.

Following these meetings, and using the input from such interviews and the information obtained by the Nomination and Governance Committee, the Nomination and Governance Committee will evaluate whether the candidate meets the requisite qualifications and criteria and should be recommended to the Board. Candidates recommended by the Nomination and Governance Committee are then presented to the Board for selection as nominees for election by the stockholders or by the Board to fill a vacancy. The Nomination and Governance Committee expects that a similar process will be used to evaluate nominees recommended by stockholders.

A summary of the qualifications and reasons considered by the Board in connection with its nomination of each director nominee is set forth above under the section entitled “Proposal One–Election of Directors–Nominees, Continuing Directors, and Executive Officers.”

Risk Committee

The purpose of the Risk Committee is to oversee the risk management practices of our operations. This committee exists alongside the Risk and Compliance Committee at Cathay Bank.

The Risk Committee is responsible for, among other things, documenting, reviewing, and approving, on an oversight basis, our enterprise-wide risk management practices, and overseeing the operation of, on an enterprise wide-basis, an appropriate risk management framework commensurate with our capital structure, risk profile, complexity, activities, size, and other appropriate risk-related factors.

As provided by its charter, the Risk Committee is composed of at least three Board members and is chaired by an independent director. The independent director chair (a) must not be an officer or employee and must not have been an officer or employee during the previous three years, (b) must not be a member of the immediate family, as defined in Regulation Y, of a person who is, or has been within the last three years, an executive officer, as defined in Regulation O, and (c) must be an independent director under Item 407 of the SEC’s Regulation S-K.

Stock Ownership of Directors

Our Corporate Governance Guidelines provide that directors should hold shares of our common stock with a value equal to two times the amount of the annual cash retainer paid to directors as of March 15, 2012, or the date the director is elected to the Board, whichever is later. It further provides that directors should achieve such holdings within five years of joining the Board or, in the case of directors serving at the time the Guidelines were first adopted, within five years of March 15, 2012. As of March 23, 2023, all directors meet such holding requirements.

For 2022, with the exception of Anthony M. Tang and Peter Wu as discussed below, each director who was not also a full-time officer of Bancorp or Cathay Bank was paid an annual retainer of $55,000 payable on a monthly basis in cash and a fee of $750 for each committee or special meeting of Bancorp or Cathay Bank or executive session of independent directors attended. No fee is paid for regular bimonthly meetings of the board of directors of Bancorp or Cathay Bank. Board and Bank Board committee meetings that are held on the same day count only as one meeting, except for the Audit Committee and the Bank Board’s Audit Committee. In addition, the following annual retainers were paid: $35,000 to the Lead Independent Director of Bancorp, $15,000 to the chair of the Audit Committee, $15,000 to the chair of the Bank Board’s Credit Committee, and $10,000 to the chairs of all other Board or Bank Board committees other than the chairs of the Bank Board’s Audit Committee, Investment Committee, and Risk & Compliance Committee who only received retainers for their service as the respective chairs of the Board’s Audit Committee, Investment Committee, and Risk Committee. Bancorp and Cathay Bank reimburse directors for out-of-pocket expenses incurred in attending meetings of the boards and committees and in traveling on company business. The Compensation Committee advises the Board on director compensation.

In April 2022, the Compensation Committee awarded each of the non-employee directors and Anthony M. Tang and Peter Wu, who are employee directors, shares of common stock of Bancorp with a target value of $85,000 based on the closing price on April 6, 2022, as additional compensation for their service as directors on the Board and its committees.

In addition to the awarded shares stated above, Anthony M. Tang was paid a base salary of $180,000 for his service as Vice Chairman of the Board of Bancorp and the Board of Cathay Bank, an annual retainer as chair of the Bank Board’s Credit Committee, an annual retainer as a director, and committee meeting attendance fees.

In addition to the awarded shares stated above, Peter Wu was paid a base salary of $200,000 for his service as Vice Chairman of the Board of Bancorp and the Board of Cathay Bank, an annual retainer as a director, and committee meeting attendance fees.

Our Corporate Governance Guidelines provide that the Board may make other exceptions to the policy that a director who is also an officer or employee of Bancorp shall not receive additional compensation for such services as a director.

Base Salaries

We provide our executive officers with a base salary to compensate them for services rendered during the year and to attract, motivate, and retain them. The Compensation Committee does not apply any fixed formula for setting base salaries for our executive officers. Instead, it considers a wide range of factors. In particular, the Compensation Committee considers our overall financial and operating performance and profitability, and its evaluation of each executive officer’s individual performance and contribution toward such overall performance and profitability. Our overall performance and profitability are determined, without any quantified targets or particular weighing, with reference to financial factors such as net income, EPS, return on average assets, return on average stockholders’ equity, efficiency ratio, and percentage increase or decrease in total assets, loans, and deposits.

The evaluation of each executive officer’s individual performance involves consideration of such factors as the significance of the executive officer’s services, level of responsibility, changes in those responsibilities, and the achievement of individual performance goals or completion of any strategic initiatives and special projects or assignments that may have been set from year to year, without any particular weight being assigned to these factors. As part of this evaluation, the Compensation Committee may consider the executive officer’s individual skills, experience, length of service, and compensation levels in past years, not only in relation to the individual’s performance in those years compared with the current year, but also in relation to competitive employment opportunities for that individual. Consideration is also given to changes in the cost of living.

The Compensation Committee also takes into consideration the base compensation of executive officers in equivalent positions at banks and bank holding companies considered to be similar to Cathay Bank and Bancorp. We believe it is helpful to consider comparative market information about compensation paid to executive officers of other companies in our business and geographic marketplace that seek similarly skilled and talented executives. We want to be able to retain our executive officers and, accordingly, we take into consideration publicly available information about compensation paid to executive officers at other financial institutions in making our compensation decisions. However, we do not establish compensation levels based on benchmarking and we do not attempt to maintain a certain target percentile within any peer group to determine compensation. We view information on pay practices at other institutions as relevant to a general understanding of the market and for assessing the competitiveness and reasonableness of our executive compensation program.

Salary levels are typically considered in March as part of our employee performance review process. Salary levels may also be reviewed and adjusted for an executive officer pursuant to a promotion or change in job responsibility or for special retention purposes. The Compensation Committee does not set any target range or apply any formulas or any particular minimum or maximum percentages. Instead, it considers the base salary increases on a case-by-case and year-by-year basis applying the factors set forth above. When permitted by law, the Compensation Committee takes into consideration the compensation history of the executive officers and will observe past ranges for reference and guidance without being bound or limited by them.

Cash Bonuses

The Compensation Committee adopted, effective January 1, 2014, an Executive Officer Annual Cash Bonus Program, as amended on December 14, 2017 and March 15, 2018 (the “Bonus Program”), pursuant to which our executive officers may be entitled to cash bonus awards that constitute cash awards under our 2005 Incentive Plan, as amended and restated effective May 18, 2015 (the “2005 Incentive Plan”). The purpose of the Bonus Program is to attract, motivate, and retain capable executive management and other key personnel by providing incentives that are commensurate with prudent risk taking, that do not pose a threat to safety and soundness, and that seek to link compensation to our overall strategic goals. To determine a participant’s bonus award, the Compensation Committee may establish for a “program year” company-wide financial criteria, including the achievement of quantifiable financial metrics (e.g., EPS, ROA, loan growth, deposit growth, and efficiency ratio) and metric and/or nonmetric individual or department-wide performance goals. Following completion of a program year, the Compensation Committee determines the extent to which the financial criteria and performance goals for each participant have been achieved or exceeded and the amount of the bonus award to be paid. The Bonus Program sets forth factors the Compensation Committee should take into account in determining financial criteria and performance goals and the circumstances in which the results and bonus awards may be adjusted, taking into account safety and soundness and risk-management. Any bonus awards are subject to a three-year clawback provision, whereby under specified circumstances some or all the amounts paid may be recovered or the value recouped.

Equity Incentives

The 2005 Incentive Plan permits us to grant stock options, stock awards (including shares, RSUs, stock appreciation rights, stock units and other similar awards), and cash awards.

Equity awards under the 2005 Incentive Plan compensate eligible participants for their contributions to our business and encourage them to exert maximum efforts for our success by providing them with an opportunity to benefit from increases in the value of our common stock, thereby aligning the interests of the participants with those of our stockholders. As such, the awards serve as an incentive and reward for the achievement of our long-term business goals and a means to attract, motivate, and retain key personnel.

The Compensation Committee has authority to determine the number and type of equity awards for executive officers and other employees. Awards are generally based on a qualitative analysis of the individual’s performance and our overall performance and profitability, taking into account the factors discussed above under “Base Salaries” and “Cash Bonuses.” For general reference purposes only, the Compensation Committee also will consider the size of awards made in the past to each individual and also generally refer to the size of awards made at other banks and bank holding companies of comparable size and complexity. Consideration is also given to the estimated dilutive effect of such awards on our stockholders.

For the past several years, the equity incentive awards made by the Compensation Committee have been in the form of RSUs. For the executive officers including the Named Executive Officers, other than any equity incentive awards awarded in connection with the Bonus Program, the vesting of these RSUs has been based on performance, which currently consists of (1) EPS, (2) TSR compared to comparable banks, and (3) ROA as compared to comparable banks.

Awards generally have been made at Compensation Committee meetings where the intent to issue awards has been specified in advance of the actual meeting. Awards are also made on occasion during the year to newly hired or newly promoted officers or for special retention purposes. Such awards for new hires, promotions, and retention become effective on the date of approval of the award by the Compensation Committee. All awards are made at or above the fair market value of our common stock as quoted on the Nasdaq Global Select Market.

Retirement and Other Benefits

Bancorp’s primary retirement plan is the 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan, which is available to salaried employees of Cathay Bank who have completed one month of service and have attained the age of 21. Participants can contribute up to 75% of their eligible compensation for the year (subject to Internal Revenue Code limits). Cathay Bank matches 100% on the first 5% of eligible compensation contributed per pay period. For participants hired prior to October 1, 2021, the vesting schedule for the matching contribution is 0% for less than two years, 25% at the beginning of the third year and 100% vested after three years of service. For participants hired after October 1, 2021, the vesting schedule for the matching contribution is 0% for less than three years of service and 100% vested thereafter.

In addition, Cathay Bank maintains the Bank Employee Stock Ownership Plan Trust, under which a participant’s benefits consist of cash (or cash equivalents) and shares of our common stock allocated to the participant. We have not made contributions since 2004, and do not expect to make any contributions in the future.

We also provide group life, health, dental, disability, and medical reimbursement plans that do not discriminate in scope, terms, or operation in favor of our executive officers and that are generally available to all salaried employees.

Our executive officers are eligible to participate in all of these plans on the same terms as other employees.

Perquisites and Other Personal Benefits

We provide our executive officers with perquisites and other personal benefits that the Board and the Compensation Committee believe are reasonable and consistent with our overall compensation program to better enable us to attract and retain employees for key positions. The Compensation Committee periodically reviews the levels of perquisites and other personal benefits provided to the executive officers. Currently, these perquisites consist primarily of automobile expenses and club memberships. For 2022, the aggregate amount of perquisites and other personal benefits provided to our Named Executive Officers was less than $10,000 each, except for our Executive Chairman, Dunson K. Cheng.

Establishing Our Executive Compensation

Role of Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee, which is comprised of independent directors, exercises oversight with respect to the compensation philosophy, policies, practices, and implementation for our executive officers and directors. For information relating to the composition and responsibilities of the Compensation Committee, see “Compensation Committee” under section “Board of Directors and Corporate Governance” above.

The Chief Executive Officer and the Compensation Committee review the performance of each executive officer (other than the Chief Executive Officer and the Executive Chairman). The conclusions reached and recommendations made based on these reviews, which include salary adjustments, cash bonuses and equity awards, are then taken into account by the Compensation Committee as it makes decisions about compensation of the executive officers. With respect to the Chief Executive Officer and the Executive Chairman, the Compensation Committee reviews and approves the corporate goals and objectives relevant to the Chief Executive Officer’s and Executive Chairman’s compensation, evaluates the Chief Executive Officer’s and Executive Chairman’s performance against those objectives, and approves the Chief Executive Officer’s and Executive Chairman’s compensation based on those evaluations. Neither the Chief Executive Officer nor the Executive Chairman participates in any deliberations or voting regarding his own compensation.

The Compensation Committee has the authority to retain or obtain the advice of compensation consultants, legal counsel, or such other advisors to the Compensation Committee as it, in its sole discretion, deems necessary or advisable to assist it in carrying out its responsibilities. The Compensation Committee is responsible for the appointment, compensation, and oversight of the work of any such compensation consultant or other advisor. Before selecting an advisor or receiving advice, other than from our in-house counsel, the Compensation Committee makes inquiry and assesses the responses to determine whether there are any potential conflicts of interest. In making its determinations with respect to compensation, the Compensation Committee also has access to and seeks input from senior management, the Lead Independent Director, and other directors, as well as receiving administrative support and advice from the Chief Financial Officer, the General Counsel, the Director of Human Resources of Cathay Bank, the Chief Risk Officer of Cathay Bank, our senior risk officers, and representatives of other departments of Cathay Bank.

Compensation Consultant

The Compensation Committee has retained Frederic W. Cook & Co., Inc. (“FWC”) as its compensation consultant. FWC reports directly to the Compensation Committee. Management has not retained its own compensation consultant. The Compensation Committee has conducted an inquiry and assessment with respect to FWC, and determined that it is independent of management, provides no other services to us or to management, has in place policies and procedures designed to prevent conflicts of interest, and has no conflicts of interest in acting as a compensation consultant to the Compensation Committee.

As part of its engagement, FWC informs the Compensation Committee on practices and trends in executive compensation in the banking sector and current guidelines on executive compensation of proxy advisory firms, and provides compensation data with respect to comparable financial institutions. FWC has assisted the Compensation Committee in numerous areas, including (a) structuring our equity compensation program, (b) assessing whether our incentive compensation program will be commensurate with prudent risk-taking and links specific performance to the overall quality and sustainability of our performance and profitability, and (c) reviewing the CD&A in our proxy statements.

FWC was consulted by the Compensation Committee as to how annual and long-term incentives might be structured and, in particular, with respect to the design of the Bonus Program and of the performance-based RSUs that are awarded by the Compensation Committee. In awarding the performance-based RSUs, the Compensation Committee also consulted with FWC as to the tax and accounting treatment of the units compared to other forms of equity awards, the vesting provisions in the case of events such as death, disability, retirement, and change in control, and the range and scope of clawbacks. The amounts of the cash bonus and RSU awards were ultimately determined by the Compensation Committee.

Peer Group

As part of its engagement, FWC has advised the Compensation Committee in its selection of a group of peer companies (“Peer Group”) for purposes of assessing the competitiveness of executive compensation and performance. In the fall of 2021, FWC reviewed the peer group adopted in 2020 and recommended no changes other than the elimination of Boston Private Financial Holdings, Inc., which had been acquired, and to replace it with Independent Bank Corp. The Compensation Committee accepted FWC’s recommendation.

As of December 31, 2022, total assets for the Peer Group ranged from $9.2 billion to $67.7 billion, and market capitalization ranged from $1.0 billion to $9.3 billion. By comparison, our total assets were $21.9 billion and our market capitalization was $3.0 billion, which placed us at the 45^th and 41^st percentiles compared to the Peer Group. The Peer Group consisted of the following 18 companies:

FWC again reviewed Bancorp’s peer group in the fall of 2022. The only recommended change was to remove First Midwest Inc., which had been acquired, and to replace it with First Hawaiian. The Compensation Committee accepted FWC’s recommendations.

Compensation Decisions for Named Executive Officers

During 2022, the Compensation Committee held seven meetings to discuss, review, and/or deliberate about our compensation program and the appropriate levels of compensation for the executive officers. As discussed in this CD&A and elsewhere in this proxy statement, the Compensation Committee, consistent with its charter and the objectives of our compensation program, reviewed and considered relevant information available to it in making its compensation decisions.

Base Salaries. On March 9, 2022, the Compensation Committee met to consider adjustments to the base salaries for each of our Named Executive Officers, effective April 1, 2022. The resulting salary increases were 18% for Mr. Liu, and 3% to 4% for Messrs. Chen, Bingham, and Lee. Mr. Cheng’s salary was decreased by approximately 15%, reflecting a decrease in his responsibilities and time commitment in light of Mr. Liu’s continued experience and successful performance as the CEO. The annual base salaries for the Named Executive Officers before adjustment and after adjustment are as follows:

In making its determination of merit increases, the Compensation Committee took into consideration the executive compensation reports prepared by FWC, the peer analysis, the personal ratings and performance for each of the executive officers.

Bonuses. The bonus structure for 2022 was generally based on the bonus structure adopted in 2017.

The bonus program has the following characteristics:

With respect to the EPS and ROA goals, there was no bonus payout for performance below the 50% payout level. With respect to the individual/departmental goals component, there is a 25% payout for a rating of 2 or greater but below 2.5 and below a 2.0 rating there is no payout, there is no payout. With respect to the EPS and ROA goals, payout occurs on an interpolated basis for performance between threshold and target and between target and maximum. With respect to the performance rating component, the payout percentage advances in steps, i.e. a performance rating from 3.25 to below 3.5 would result in a 100% payout, a rating from 3.5 to below 3.75 would result in a 110% payout, etc.

By way of illustration, if an executive’s base salary were $100,000, the target bonus was 80%, the EPS, ROA, and individual/departmental percentages were 50%, 20%, and 30% respectively, and the percentages of achievement were 90%, 100%, and 110% respectively, a bonus of $78,400 would have been payable, computed as:

With respect to 2022, the EPS and ROA goals were achieved at $4.83 and 1.69%, both of which were significantly above the target levels of $4.17 and 1.46%, resulting in payout percentages of 131.65% for the portion of each NEO’s bonus based on EPS and 131.51% for the portion based on ROA. All NEOs received performance ratings between 3.26 and 4.08, resulting in a payout percentage of 100% to 130% for that portion of the bonus based on departmental/individual performance (130% for Mr. Liu, 110% for Messrs. Chen and Cheng, and 100% for Messrs. Bingham and Lee). The Company determined that all NEOs had performed well (justifying payout at least target levels), and that payouts above target were appropriate at 110% for Messrs. Cheng and Chen (reflecting very strong levels of performance), and at 130% for Mr. Liu (reflecting the Committee’s conclusion that the CEO had performed exceptionally well against some of the key objectives set forth below).

Based on the methodology described above, the following bonus amounts were determined to be awarded to the Named Executive Officers:

Set forth below are the performance goals that were evaluated with respect to the NEOs in determining the performance achievement percentages.

Chang M. Liu

Mr. Liu’s individual/departmental goals included driving the Bank’s business units and operations toward achieving the Bank’s business plan; driving down the Bank’s cost of funds/deposits; focusing on consistent and quality loan growth with a higher growth rate for commercial and industrial loans and modest growth rate for commercial real estate and residential mortgages; using automation/process to gain efficiency for multiple departments throughout the bank; improving and increasing employee and client engagement; and updating and reviewing succession planning with the Human Resources Department and continuing to hire high caliber employees capable of successor roles to various management positions.         

Heng W. Chen

Mr. Chen’s individual/departmental goals included efforts with respect to managing the Current Expected Credit Losses (CECL) accounting standard model, reduce Company’s effective tax rate through investments, supervising preparation of the capital plan; managing capital through acquisitions, dividends, and possible stock buybacks; maintaining an active investor relations program; complying with applicable financial and regulatory reporting requirements; supervising the treasury function; supervising the treasury function; and develop existing or hire employees as part of its long-term succession planning.

Dunson K. Cheng

Mr. Cheng’s individual/departmental goals included management of the Bank’s credit culture, overseas development, CEO mentoring, and digital transformation.

Kim R. Bingham

Mr. Bingham’s individual/departmental goals included addressing any regulatory recommendations relating to departments reporting to him; improving the overall maturity level of the Bank’s risk management functions; improving cost efficiencies and oversight on the monitoring systems for Bank Secrecy Act and anti-money laundering through a combination of process automation, addition of software tools and other means; complying with applicable financial and regulatory reporting requirements; develop direct and indirect managers as part of the Bank’s long-term succession planning.

Mark H. Lee

Mr. Lee’s individual/departmental goals included goals with respect to adversely graded asset ratios; nonperforming loan ratios; credit administration turnaround; operating expenses; and actions in connection with any regulatory recommendations.

Equity Incentives

Structure of Equity Incentives

The Compensation Committee has determined to award long term incentive awards to the Named Executive Officers in the form of performance-based RSUs, using performance metrics that the Compensation Committee believes results in a strong alignment of investor and executive interests. Each executive is granted a target number of RSUs for each award type that is based on an approved dollar value, which would then be converted to an amount of RSUs, based on accounting values, which in the case of the TSR-based RSUs, uses the Monte-Carlo valuation model. In developing the program, the Compensation Committee considered the tax and accounting treatment of performance share units compared to other forms of equity awards, the vesting provisions in the event of death, disability or retirement or a change in control, and the range and scope of clawbacks.

If target performance is achieved, each RSU generally represents the right to receive one share of our common stock at the end of the performance period, subject to adjustment. Performance above the target generally results in payment of additional shares and performance below the target generally results in payment of fewer or no shares. The performance period for the RSU awards is three years. The metrics for the awards consisted of (1) an absolute EPS metric, (2) a TSR metric based on stock price growth plus dividends, relative to the companies in the KBW Regional Bank Index over the performance period, and (3) an ROA metric based on ROA relative to the companies in the KBW Regional Bank Index over the performance period. The Compensation Committee chose these metrics because it concluded that successful performance against these metrics would align well with increases in long-term stockholder value. The value of the awards is split approximately 50/25/25 among these three metrics with the EPS metric being 50%.

The number of target RSUs will be increased to the extent that dividends are paid on our common stock, as if reinvested on the ex-dividend date in additional shares. If a “change in control,” as defined in the award agreement, occurs before the end of the performance period, a number of the target RSUs based on EPS or TSR or ROA may be earned depending on the timing of change in control and whether the RSUs are assumed by a public company. All the RSUs earned will be fully vested, and distribution of shares will commence generally within 90 days following the end of the performance period, provided the Named Executive Officer remains continuously employed through the performance period. Special provisions will apply if a Named Executive Officer dies, incurs a “total and permanent disability” or terminates employment on account of “retirement” as these terms are defined in the award agreement. Provision is made for cancellation of RSU awards or repayment under certain circumstances. In the event a restatement of our financial results occurs, up to 50% of the aggregate awards for that individual can be forfeited or cancelled, whether or not such units are vested. If a distribution of shares has already occurred, provision is made for the surrender of up to 50% of the total shares received or, if shares have been sold, repayment of the proceeds, but in no event more than 50% of the aggregate fair market value of all shares received by the employee pursuant to the award agreements.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (“Dodd-Frank Act”) requires repayment of incentive compensation under certain circumstances in connection with restatements of financial results, which repayment will need to occur in accordance with rules adopted by Nasdaq. The Dodd-Frank Act clawback rules may require, in certain circumstances, clawbacks greater than 50%. The Company will timely adopt amendments to its clawback policy that will comply with such final rules.

Reflecting the 50/25/25 split in value, these NEOs received the following RSUs:

In considering the award of performance-based RSUs, the Compensation Committee reviewed materials prepared by FWC, including an analysis of the base salaries, target bonus opportunities, long-term incentives, and total compensation of our NEOs, compared with proxy statement data for our Peer Group and survey data covering the banking industry.

The Compensation Committee discussed an analysis of EPS for the three-year performance period and used a projected cumulative EPS for that period to establish a target EPS for the three-year performance period ending December 31, 2024.

The target EPS, in the opinion of the Compensation Committee, reflects reasonable earnings growth over the performance period and will not involve excessive risk to achieve. If the actual cumulative EPS for the three-year period equals the target, 100% of the RSUs will be earned and will be scaled up to 150% of the units if the actual cumulative EPS is up to 15% or more than the target. If the actual cumulative EPS is less than 100%, but not more than 15% below the target, the number of units earned will be scaled down to 50%. If the actual cumulative EPS is more than 15% below the target, none of the RSUs will be earned.

For the awards based on TSR, the number of earned RSUs will be determined by comparing our TSR from the award date to the end of the three-year performance period ending December 31, 2024, with the TSR of each of the companies in the KBW Regional Bank Index over the performance period. For purposes of computing TSR, the beginning stock price will be the average stock price over the 20 trading days ending on the award date and the ending stock price will be the average stock price over the 20 trading days ending on the last day of the performance period. If our TSR over the performance period is below the 30^th percentile when ranked against each of the peer companies, no RSUs will be earned. If the ranking is equal to the 30^th percentile, 50% of the target RSUs will be earned. To the extent that our TSR is ranked above the 30^th percentile, the number of earned target RSUs will be scaled up to 150% of the target restricted stock units for performance at or above the 70^th percentile, so that 100% of the target RSUs will be earned for performance at the 50^th percentile.

For the awards based on ROA, the number of earned RSUs will be determined by comparing our ROA for the three-year performance period ending December 31, 2024 with the ROA of each of the companies in the KBW Regional Bank Index over the same period. For this purpose, ROA will consist of the average ROA over the three years. If our ROA over the performance period is below the 30^th percentile when ranked against each of the peer companies, no RSUs will be earned. If the ranking is equal to the 30^th percentile, 50% of the target RSUs will be earned. To the extent that our ROA is ranked above the 30^th percentile, the number of earned target RSUs will be scaled up to 150% of the target RSUs for performance at or above the 70^th percentile, so that 100% of the target RSUs will be earned for performance at the 50^th percentile.

Payout of 2020 Long-Term Equity Incentives

The performance period for the long-term equity incentives awarded in September 2020 ended December 31, 2022. With respect to the awards based on EPS, the payout percentage was 150%. With respect to the awards based on TSR, the Company’s ranking among the 40 companies was 13^th, resulting in a percentile ranking at the 69^th percentile, and the payout percentage was 148%. With respect to the awards based on ROA, the Company’s ranking among the 39 companies was 5^th, resulting in a percentile ranking at the 89^th percentile, and the payout percentage was 150%.

Vesting in the 2020 awards required service through January 31, 2023. Accordingly, the 2020 awards are shown as outstanding in the Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End table and are not shown in the Stock Vested table.

Risk Assessment

In June 2010, the federal regulatory agencies, including the Federal Reserve Board, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, jointly issued the “Guidance on Sound Incentive Compensation Policies,” which is based on the following three principles that are to be incorporated in incentive compensation practices:

In February 2014, the Board adopted an Incentive Compensation Policy to assist the Compensation Committee in complying with the Guidance and adopted procedures for management to implement the policy.

Our Compensation Committee meets on an annual basis with our Chief Financial Officer, our senior risk officers, namely the Chief Risk Officer of Cathay Bank, Director of Human Resources of Cathay Bank, and our General Counsel, to review our compensation plans and evaluate the risks, both long-term and short-term, that we face. We conduct a regular review of the business units to identify and examine risks that may be posed to us and our safety and soundness. As set forth in its charter, the Compensation Committee monitors the performance and regularly reviews the design and function of our incentive compensation plans and arrangements to ensure that they do not encourage our executive officers to take any unnecessary or excessive risks that threaten our value, to identify features that could pose risks to us and limit those features to ensure that we are not unnecessarily exposed to risks, and to eliminate any features that would encourage the manipulation of our reported earnings to enhance the compensation of any employee. Among the matters considered are the balance between base and incentive compensation, between cash and equity compensation, and between service-based and performance-based compensation; whether performance goals are realistic and the maximum payout opportunities are reasonable; and whether awards are subject to a clawback. More specifically, in consultation with the senior risk officers, the Compensation Committee determines whether the amounts of the base salaries, the short-term cash bonuses and the LTI awards, both performance-based and time-based, for our executive officers appropriately balance risk and reward and do not encourage taking unnecessary and excessive risks or encourage the manipulation of reported earnings. 

Additional Information Relating to Executive Compensation

Ownership Guidelines

Our Corporate Governance Guidelines provide that our Chief Executive Officer shall hold shares of our common stock with a value equal to three times the amount of his or her annual base salary. We do not require any other officer to maintain a minimum ownership interest in our stock. We believe our stock ownership requirements for the Chief Executive Officer, as well as our directors, further align the interests of the Chief Executive Officer and our directors with those of our stockholders by requiring them to hold substantial equity in Bancorp. Until the stock ownership requirements are met, the Chief Executive Officer may not sell, assign, transfer, or pledge any of our common stock.

Compensation Recovery Policy

A compensation recovery policy (or “clawback”) generally provides that bonuses or other incentive compensation awards are subject to forfeiture and recovery if such payments or awards were made based on materially inaccurate financial statements.

All outstanding performance-based RSUs awarded to executive officers are subject to a clawback provision, and our Bonus Program provides for a clawback of cash bonuses as well. The 2005 Incentive Plan also has a clawback provision. We believe the principles of a clawback in the event of materially inaccurate financial statements are consistent with our compensation philosophy, which ties compensation to our financial and operating performance and the overall increase in stockholder value, and which does not encourage the taking of unnecessary and excessive risks that could threaten our value or encourage the manipulation of reported earnings to enhance the compensation of any employee. As previously noted, our clawback policy will be appropriately and timely amended to make any changes required to comply with the final clawback rules under the Dodd-Frank Act.

Employment Agreements

With the exception of the Change of Control Employment Agreements described in the next section, we have no employment agreements with any of the Named Executive Officers, with the exception of our chief executive officer, Mr. Liu. For a description of our employment agreements with our chief executive officer, please see the section below entitled “Remuneration of Executive Officers–Employment Agreement.”

Change of Control Agreements

The Board desires to promote stability and continuity of senior management and to help align their interests with those of our stockholders in the event of a change in control or potential change in control of Bancorp. Accordingly, we have entered into Control Agreements (defined below under “Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control — Change of Control Employment Agreements”) with our executive officers and Executive Vice Presidents of Cathay Bank. We believe that these agreements help to ensure that our key officers will remain fully engaged during a change in control or potential change in control. The Control Agreements provide for enhanced severance benefits in the event of a voluntary termination of employment for “good reason” or involuntary termination other than for “cause” following a “change in control.” Based on a review of information generally available to the public and the advice of outside legal counsel, the Board determined that these arrangements were competitive and reasonable. The Control Agreements do not influence our decisions surrounding the Named Executive Officer’s cash and equity compensation. For a more detailed discussion of the severance benefits, the events that would trigger payment of severance benefits and the Control Agreements in general, see “Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control” below.

Response to 2022 Vote on Executive Compensation

The Board has been annually submitting to our stockholders a proposal to approve, on an advisory (nonbinding) basis, our executive compensation. At the 2022 annual meeting of stockholders, 96.46% of the votes cast were in favor of approving this proposal. The Compensation Committee was aware of and considered the results of the advisory vote on executive compensation and has construed this favorable vote of stockholders as supporting its executive compensation decisions and policies.

Pledging and Hedging Policy

The Board has adopted a policy that prohibits, unless advance approval has been obtained from the Board, all directors and executive officers (including the Named Executive Officers) from holding our securities in a margin account or otherwise pledging or hypothecating our securities as collateral for a loan, entering into hedging or monetization transactions or similar arrangements with respect to our securities, or engaging in certain other speculative trading in our securities. No such requests have been made and consequently no such approvals have been granted.

Deductibility of Executive Compensation

Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code generally disallows a tax deduction to public companies for compensation paid in excess of $1 million to “covered employees” as defined under Section 162(m) (generally, such company’s chief executive officer, its chief financial officer and its three other highest paid executive officers). The Compensation Committee takes into account the tax and accounting implications (including the deduction limits of Section 162(m)) when making compensation decisions, but necessarily reserves its right to make compensation decisions based on other factors as well if the Compensation Committee determines it is in the best interests of the Company to do so.

Nonqualified Deferred Compensation

We do not have a deferred compensation program, and we have no current plans to implement such a program. However, we do have two deferred compensation arrangements with Dunson K. Cheng. For details regarding these deferral arrangements, see “Nonqualified Deferred Compensation” below.

Stock-Based Compensation

Restricted stock and RSUs, separately or in combination, serve to reward and retain executive officers through shares valued at the current price on the date the restriction lapses, which awards may be subject to both service- and performance-based conditions.  Awarding restricted stock and RSUs also permits us to issue fewer shares, thereby reducing potential stockholder dilution. We believe that restricted stock and RSUs provide a motivating form of incentive compensation and serve our objectives of incentivizing our executive officers to focus on delivering long-term value to our stockholders.