Canada Carbon Reports High Order Crystallinity of Its Miller Graphite by Raman Spectroscopy, as Well as Dispersion and Exfoli...
04 Février 2014 - 1:00PM
Marketwired Canada
Canada Carbon Inc. (the "Company") (TSX VENTURE:CCB) is pleased to report the
results of the first in a series of laboratory characterization tests being
conducted by Evans Analytical Group (EAG) on its Miller high-purity hydrothermal
graphite. The crystallinity results reported herein were obtained using Raman
spectroscopy, which definitively determines the degree of crystallinity of
certain materials, including graphite. The EAG laboratory report summarizes the
results, as follows: "The Raman spectrum was that of a single crystal of
graphite. The crystalline quality of the graphite was better than any other
industrial graphite sample we at EAG have analyzed to date."
Bench-scale tests to examine the dispersion behavior of the Miller graphite were
conducted by Dr. Karol Putyera at EAG Liverpool, NY laboratory. When this sample
was immersed in a common industrial chemical, carbon disulphide (CS2), it
partially exfoliated. Dr. Putyera remarked, "In combination with the exceptional
high purity and highly crystalline nature of the Miller graphite, this
dispersion behavior could lead to solution-based processing of this material for
producing graphene, which opens up a wide range of potential applications."
Other characterization procedures, including X-Ray Diffraction Spectroscopy
(XRD), to provide greater insight into the crystalline nature of the Miller
graphite, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), to provide visual images of
the crystals, are currently being conducted. The results of those procedures are
expected shortly, and will be reported when received.
The Company also reports that management, accompanied by technical and legal
advisors, recently met in Ottawa with a number of federal government officials
from various agencies, to ensure that the Company is in full compliance with
import/export controls, licensing, and documentation required by domestic and
international law with respect to production and shipments of nuclear and
military grade graphite. The Company further advises that additional meetings
with federal government officials are planned.
About the Raman Spectroscopic Results
Raman spectroscopy is the collection of light inelastically scattered by a
material or compound. When a light of known wavelength strikes a material, the
light is shifted according to the chemical functionalities of the material. The
intensity of this shifted light depends on both molecular structure and
macrostructure. As a result of these phenomena, the collection of the shifted
light gives a Raman spectrum that can provide direct information regarding the
molecular vibrations of the compound or material. We can then interpret this
information to determine chemical structure, organization, and in some cases,
non-covalent intermolecular interactions. The Raman spectrum of graphite is very
well characterized, which permits clear interpretations of the Raman spectra of
graphite test materials, based on the component peak intensities and positions
of the spectral features.
A sample of the Miller high-purity graphite was submitted to a "LabRam" J-Y
Spectrometer. An Ar+ ion laser (514.5 nm wavelength) with an 1800 gr/mm grating
were used for the measurements. The Raman spectra were collected in the
backscattering geometry (180 degrees) under an Olympus BX40 microscope. The key
spectral features collected were the G-band (1579 cm-1) and D-band (1350 cm-1),
where the G-band is theoretically the only permitted band arising from a single
crystal of graphite, and the D-band is a measure of the disorder within the
crystal. The sharp, high-intensity, narrow-shouldered G-band peak strongly
suggests that the sample is a single crystal of graphite. The proportionally
very small D-band peak indicates extremely low disorder in that crystal, and may
be due to minor mechanical damage experienced by the crystal during earlier
processing. The complete Raman report, which includes the Raman spectrum of
high-quality industrial graphite for comparative purposes, can be viewed at the
following link: http://www.canadacarbon.com/docs/Raman_Spectroscopy_EAG.pdf.
About the Exfoliative Behavior of the Graphite
Currently, most producers intent on separating natural graphite into individual
sheets (graphene) or low-multiple sheet graphene use variations on Hummer's
Method, which involves some very harsh chemicals that can oxidize the graphene
sheets. Those defects can be partially repaired by chemical reduction, yielding
reduced graphene oxide. The quality of the graphene produced by this method is
not only variable, it can be quite poor when compared to graphene produced by
synthetic methods. Synthetic graphene, although often of very high quality, is
much more expensive to produce.
The last step in the exfoliation of graphene from natural graphite by Hummer's
method (the actual separation of the individual graphene layers) is by immersion
in a polar solvent, in combination with sonication (high-frequency vibrations
induced by ultra-sound emitters). Dr. Karol Putyera, working at EAG, dispersed a
sample of the high-purity Miller graphite in the non-polar solvent carbon
disulphide, and without sonication, the sample partially exfoliated.
R. Bruce Duncan, CEO and Director of Canada Carbon, remarked, "Our Miller
hydrothermal graphite has once again exceeded our most optimistic expectations.
Following our earlier metallurgical testing at SGS Lakefield, which yielded
graphite as pure as could be determined by their analytical method (please refer
to the press release dated July 23, 2013, "Canada Carbon Achieves 100% Graphitic
Carbon on Second Purification Test on Miller Graphite Sample"), a sample of that
same material was shown to be of nuclear-grade purity by GD-MS (please refer to
press release dated October 15, 2013). Then, we were able to show that brief
thermal upgrading could remove more than 90% of the already very low contaminant
burden (please refer to press release dated December 12, 2013). And now, we have
clear scientific evidence of the high order crystallinity of our Miller
hydrothermal graphite. Moreover, the simple process to exfoliate the graphite to
graphene, in combination with its highly crystalline nature and high purity,
will also allow us to produce top-quality graphene materials. This will give us
access to yet another high-value market."
Mr. Duncan further states, "We hope to soon receive our Bulk Sampling Permit,
which will allow us to significantly expand our test work program. Because we
have numerous veins exposed at surface, we can not only systematically determine
the characteristics of the individual graphite occurrences, we can easily
extract substantial amounts from each one. With that information, we can proceed
with our planning to develop a mine on the Miller property. It is Canada
Carbon's goal to commercialize its Miller project, with speed to market the top
priority for our highly differentiated graphite."
A full update of current exploration results at Miller (trenching and drilling)
is to be released soon after reception of analytical results from Activation
Laboratories of Ancaster, Ontario.
Remi Charbonneau, Ph.D., P. Geo #290 (an Associate of Inlandsis Consultants
s.e.n.c.) is an Independent Qualified Person under National Instrument 43-101,
and has reviewed and approved the technical information provided in this news
release.
On Behalf of the Board of Directors
CANADA CARBON INC.
R. Bruce Duncan, CEO and Director
"Neither TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term
is defined in the policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility
for the adequacy or accuracy of this release."
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS: This news release contains forward-looking
statements, which relate to future events or future performance and reflect
management's current expectations and assumptions. Such forward-looking
statements reflect management's current beliefs and are based on assumptions
made by and information currently available to the Company. Investors are
cautioned that these forward looking statements are neither promises nor
guarantees, and are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause future
results to differ materially from those expected. These forward-looking
statements are made as of the date hereof and, except as required under
applicable securities legislation, the Company does not assume any obligation to
update or revise them to reflect new events or circumstances. All of the
forward-looking statements made in this press release are qualified by these
cautionary statements and by those made in our filings with SEDAR in Canada
(available at www.sedar.com).
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT:
Canada Carbon Inc.
(604) 638-0971
(604) 638-0973 (FAX)
info@canadacarbon.com
www.canadacarbon.com
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