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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from             to             
Commission File Number: 001-36383
Five9, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Delaware94-3394123
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
3001 Bishop Drive, Suite 350
San Ramon, CA 94583
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
(925) 201-2000
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
_______________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each ClassTrading Symbol(s)Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common stock, par value $0.001 per shareFIVNThe NASDAQ Global Market
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes    No:  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  No: 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerAccelerated filer
Non-accelerated filerSmaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  Yes:  No: 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes: No: 
As of November 4, 2024, there were 75,208,409 shares of the Registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding.


FIVE9, INC.
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which involve substantial risks and uncertainties. These statements reflect the current views of our senior management with respect to our future events, strategies and financial trends and performance. These forward-looking statements include statements with respect to our business, expenses, strategies, losses, growth plans, product and client initiatives, market growth projections, and our industry. Statements that include the words “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “project,” “forecast,” “estimate,” “may,” “should,” “anticipate” and similar statements of a future or forward-looking nature identify forward-looking statements for purposes of the federal securities laws or otherwise.
Forward-looking statements address matters that involve risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, there are or will be important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in these statements. These factors include the information under the caption "Risk Factors" set forth in Part 1, Item 1A, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and Part II, Item 1A, of this Quarterly Report, which we encourage you to carefully read, and include the following:
adverse economic conditions, including the impact of macroeconomic challenges, including continued inflation, increased interest rates, supply chain disruptions, decreased economic output and fluctuations in currency rates, the impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the impact of the conflict in the Middle East, and other factors, may continue to harm our business;
if we are unable to attract new clients or sell additional services and functionality to our existing clients, our revenue and revenue growth will be harmed;
if our existing clients terminate their subscriptions or reduce their subscriptions and related usage, or fail to grow subscriptions at the rate they have in the past or that we might expect, our revenues and gross margins will be harmed, and we will be required to spend more money to grow our client base;
because a significant percentage of our revenue is derived from existing clients, downturns or upturns in new sales will not be immediately reflected in our operating results and may be difficult to discern;
if we fail to manage our technical operations infrastructure, our existing clients may experience service outages, our new clients may experience delays in the deployment of our solution and we could be subject to, among other things, claims for credits or damages;
further development of our AI solutions may not be successful and may result in reputational harm and our future operating results could be materially harmed;
we have established, and are continuing to increase, our network of technology solution distributors and resellers to sell our solution; our failure to effectively develop, manage, and maintain this network could materially harm our revenues;
our quarterly and annual results may fluctuate significantly, including as a result of the timing and success of new product and feature introductions by us, may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business and may result in decreases in the price of our common stock;
if we are unable to attract and retain highly skilled leaders and other employees, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected;
our historical growth may not be indicative of our future growth, and even if we continue to grow rapidly, we may fail to manage our growth effectively;
failure to adequately retain and expand our sales force will impede our growth;
the AI technology and features incorporated into our solution include new and evolving technologies that may present both legal and business risks;
the use of AI by our workforce may present risks to our business;
the contact center software solutions market is subject to rapid technological change, and we must develop and sell incremental and new solutions in order to maintain and grow our business;
our growth depends in part on the success of our strategic relationships with third parties and our failure to successfully maintain, grow and manage these relationships could harm our business;
the markets in which we participate involve a high number of competitors that is continuing to increase, and if we do not compete effectively, our operating results could be harmed;
we continue to expand our international operations, which exposes us to significant macroeconomic and other risks;
2

security breaches and improper access to, use of, or disclosure of our data or our clients’ data, or other cyber attacks on our systems, could result in litigation and regulatory risk, harm our reputation, our business or financial results;
we may acquire other companies, or technologies or be the target of strategic transactions, or be impacted by transactions by other companies, which could divert our management’s attention, result in additional dilution to our stockholders or use a significant amount of our cash resources and otherwise disrupt our operations and harm our operating results;
we sell our solution to larger organizations that require longer sales and implementation cycles and often demand more configuration and integration services or customized features and functions that we may not offer, any of which could delay or prevent these sales and harm our growth rates, business and operating results;
we rely on third-party telecommunications and internet service providers to provide our clients and their customers with telecommunication services and connectivity to our cloud contact center software and any failure by these service providers to provide reliable services could cause us to lose clients and subject us to claims for credits or damages, among other things;
we have a history of losses and we may be unable to achieve or sustain profitability;
our stock price has been volatile, may continue to be volatile and may decline, including due to factors beyond our control;
we may not be able to secure additional financing on favorable terms, or at all, to meet our future capital needs;
failure to comply with laws and regulations could harm our business and our reputation; and
we may not have sufficient cash to service our convertible senior notes and repay such notes, if required.
The foregoing factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read together with the other cautionary statements included in, or incorporated into, this report. If one or more of these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, our actual results may differ materially from what we anticipate. You should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statements you read in this report reflect our views only as of the date of this report with respect to future events and are subject to these and other risks, uncertainties and assumptions relating to our operations, results of operations, growth strategy and liquidity. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this report to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law.

3

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Financial Statements
FIVE9, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except per share data)
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$290,959 $143,201 
Marketable investments675,704 587,096 
Accounts receivable, net116,430 97,424 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets48,640 34,622 
Deferred contract acquisition costs, net72,534 61,711 
Total current assets1,204,267 924,054 
Property and equipment, net136,052 108,572 
Operating lease right-of-use assets43,480 38,873 
Finance lease right-of-use assets21,262 4,564 
Intangible assets, net69,731 38,323 
Goodwill365,450 227,412 
Other assets17,765 16,199 
Deferred contract acquisition costs, net — less current portion149,885 136,571 
Total assets$2,007,892 $1,494,568 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$33,876 $24,399 
Accrued and other current liabilities84,297 62,131 
Operating lease liabilities11,446 10,731 
Finance lease liabilities7,695 1,767 
Deferred revenue80,000 68,187 
Convertible senior notes432,927  
Total current liabilities650,241 167,215 
Convertible senior notes - less current portion730,932 742,125 
Operating lease liabilities — less current portion39,976 36,378 
Finance lease liabilities — less current portion13,716 2,877 
Other long-term liabilities7,441 7,888 
Total liabilities1,442,306 956,483 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock75 73 
Additional paid-in capital992,905 942,280 
Accumulated other comprehensive income 1,828 582 
Accumulated deficit(429,222)(404,850)
Total stockholders’ equity565,586 538,085 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$2,007,892 $1,494,568 
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

FIVE9, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(Unaudited, in thousands, except per share data)
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Revenue$264,182 $230,105 $763,278 $671,426 
Cost of revenue121,933 111,080 354,877 320,197 
Gross profit142,249 119,025 408,401 351,229 
Operating expenses:
Research and development42,482 40,391 124,717 117,709 
Sales and marketing78,615 73,366 238,056 223,757 
General and administrative36,575 31,006 101,111 89,741 
Total operating expenses157,672 144,763 463,884 431,207 
Loss from operations(15,423)(25,738)(55,483)(79,978)
Other income (expense), net:
Interest expense(4,068)(1,972)(10,541)(5,683)
Gain on early extinguishment of debt  6,615  
Interest income and other11,144 8,233 35,503 18,477 
Total other income (expense), net7,076 6,261 31,577 12,794 
Loss before income taxes(8,347)(19,477)(23,906)(67,184)
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes(3,868)942 466 2,222 
Net loss$(4,479)$(20,419)$(24,372)$(69,406)
Net loss per share:
Basic and diluted$(0.06)$(0.28)$(0.33)$(0.97)
Shares used in computing net loss per share:
Basic and diluted74,876 72,356 74,192 71,751 
Comprehensive Loss:
Net loss$(4,479)$(20,419)$(24,372)$(69,406)
Other comprehensive income2,330 599 1,246 1,890 
Comprehensive loss$(2,149)$(19,820)$(23,126)$(67,516)
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
5


FIVE9, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited, in thousands)


Common StockAdditional Paid-In CapitalAccumulated
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Accumulated
Deficit
Total Stockholders’ Equity
SharesAmount
Balance as of June 30, 202372,180 $72 $832,197 $(1,397)$(372,073)$458,799 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options57 — 1,334 — — 1,334 
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units459 1 (1)— —  
Stock-based compensation— — 53,557 — — 53,557 
Other comprehensive income— — — 599 — 599 
Net loss— — — — (20,419)(20,419)
Balance as of September 30, 202372,696 $73 $887,087 $(798)$(392,492)$493,870 
Balance as of June 30, 202474,719 $75 $951,048 $(502)$(424,743)$525,878 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options6 — 26 — — 26 
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units483  — — —  
Stock-based compensation— — 41,831 — — 41,831 
Other comprehensive income— — — 2,330 — 2,330 
Net loss— — — — (4,479)(4,479)
Balance as of September 30, 202475,208 $75 $992,905 $1,828 $(429,222)$565,586 
6

Common StockAdditional Paid-In CapitalAccumulated
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Accumulated
Deficit
Total Stockholders’ Equity
SharesAmount
Balance as of December 31, 202271,047 $71 $635,668 $(2,688)$(323,086)$309,965 
Issuance of common stock upon partial conversion of the 2023 convertible senior notes2 —  — —  
Settlement at maturity of the outstanding capped calls and retirement of common stock related to the 2023 convertible senior notes (371)— 74,453 — — 74,453 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options436 — 8,315 — — 8,315 
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units1,378 2 (1)— — 1 
Issuance of common stock under ESPP204 — 9,444 — — 9,444 
Stock-based compensation— — 159,208 — — 159,208 
Other comprehensive income— — — 1,890 — 1,890 
Net loss— — — — (69,406)(69,406)
Balance as of September 30, 202372,696 $73 $887,087 $(798)$(392,492)$493,870 
Balance as of December 31, 202373,317 $73 $942,280 $582 $(404,850)$538,085 
Issuance of new capped calls associated with the 2029 convertible senior notes— — (93,438)— — (93,438)
Partial termination of existing capped calls associated with the 2025 convertible senior notes— — 539 — — 539 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options21 — 423 — — 423 
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units1,661 2 — — — 2 
Issuance of common stock under ESPP209 — 9,522 — — 9,522 
Stock-based compensation— — 133,579 — — 133,579 
Other comprehensive income— — — 1,246 — 1,246 
Net loss— — — — (24,372)(24,372)
Balance as of September 30, 202475,208 $75 $992,905 $1,828 $(429,222)$565,586 


See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
7


8

FIVE9, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited, in thousands)
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss$(24,372)$(69,406)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization38,265 35,553 
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets10,631 9,234 
Amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs52,152 40,088 
Accretion of discount on marketable investments(16,833)(7,684)
Provision for credit losses806 795 
Stock-based compensation127,872 156,721 
Amortization of discount and issuance costs on convertible senior notes3,991 2,793 
Gain on early extinguishment of debt(6,615) 
Impairment charge of an equity investment1,250  
Interest on finance lease obligations258 77 
Deferred taxes441 438 
Tax benefit of valuation allowance associated with an acquisition(4,831) 
Other(145)592 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable(15,559)(6,661)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets(9,562)(6,537)
Deferred contract acquisition costs(76,288)(68,410)
Other assets(1,452)(4,892)
Accounts payable8,651 5,562 
Accrued and other current liabilities5,380 (1,149)
Deferred revenue184 1,544 
Other liabilities(871)3,636 
Net cash provided by operating activities93,353 92,294 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of marketable investments(993,483)(544,713)
Proceeds from sales of marketable investments93,995 971 
Proceeds from maturities of marketable investments829,122 415,117 
Purchases of property and equipment(33,097)(19,941)
Capitalization of software development costs(14,211)(5,820)
Cash paid to acquire Acqueon Inc.(167,166) 
Cash paid to acquire Aceyus, Inc.99 (80,588)
Net cash used in investing activities(284,741)(234,974)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of 2029 convertible senior notes, net of issuance costs 728,843  
Payments for capped call transactions associated with the 2029 convertible senior notes(93,438) 
Repurchase of a portion of 2025 convertible senior notes, net of costs(304,485) 
Repayment of outstanding 2023 convertible senior notes at maturity (169)
Cash received from the settlement at maturity of the outstanding capped calls associated with the 2023 convertible senior notes 74,453 
Cash received from partial termination of capped calls associated with the 2025 convertible senior notes539  
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options423 8,315 
Proceeds from sale of common stock under ESPP9,522 9,444 
Payment of holdback related to an acquisition (500)
Payment of finance lease liabilities(2,006)(496)
Net cash provided by financing activities339,398 91,047 
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash148,010 (51,633)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash:
Beginning of period144,842 180,987 
End of period$292,852 $129,354 
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow data:
Cash paid for interest$5,764 $1,956 
Cash paid for income taxes$3,337 $1,124 
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Property and equipment unpaid at period-end$12,944 $11,419 
Capitalization of leasehold improvements and furniture and fixtures through non-cash lease incentive$37 $ 
Acquisition and related transaction costs accrued at period-end$591 $330 
Stock-based compensation included in capitalized software development costs$5,707 $2,487 
Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash to the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - Beginning of Period:
Cash and cash equivalents$143,201 $180,520 
Restricted cash in other assets1,641 467 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$144,842 $180,987 
Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash to the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - End of Period:
Cash and cash equivalents$290,959 $127,828 
Restricted cash in other assets1,893 1,526 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$292,852 $129,354 
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
9

FIVE9, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
1. Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Five9, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Company”) is a provider of cloud software for contact centers. The Company was incorporated in Delaware in 2001 and is headquartered in San Ramon, California. The Company has offices in Europe, Asia and Australia, which primarily provide research, development, sales, marketing, and client support services.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Therefore, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. In the opinion of management, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, necessary for fair financial statement presentation. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The significant estimates made by management affect revenue and related reserves, as well as the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed through business combinations and the fair value of performance-based restricted stock units ("PRSUs"). Management periodically evaluates such estimates and they are adjusted prospectively based upon such periodic evaluation. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Significant Accounting Policies
There have been no material changes from the significant accounting policies previously disclosed in Part II, Item 8, of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 as filed with the SEC on February 22, 2024.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective
In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ ASU”) No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which provides updates to qualitative and quantitative reportable segment disclosure requirements, including enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses and increased interim disclosure requirements, among others. This ASU is effective for the Company’s fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted, and the amendments should be applied retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statement disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This ASU requires disclosure of specific categories in the effective tax rate reconciliation and additional information on income taxes paid. This ASU is effective for the Company’s fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted and may be adopted on a prospective or retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statement disclosures.

10

2. Revenue
Contract Balances
The following table provides information about accounts receivable, net, deferred contract acquisition costs, net, contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Accounts receivable, net$116,430 $97,424 
Deferred contract acquisition costs, net:
Current$72,534 $61,711 
Non-current149,885 136,571 
Total deferred contract acquisition costs, net$222,419 $198,282 
Contract assets and contract liabilities:
Contract assets (included in prepaid expenses and other current assets)$6,497 $4,106 
Contract liabilities (deferred revenue) (80,000)(68,187)
Noncurrent contract liabilities (deferred revenue) (included in other long-term liabilities)(627)(1,350)
Net contract liabilities$(74,130)$(65,431)
The Company receives payments from customers based upon billing cycles. Invoice payment terms are usually 30 days or less. Accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional.
Deferred contract acquisition costs are recorded when incurred and are amortized over an estimated customer benefit period of five years.
The Company’s contract assets consist of unbilled amounts typically resulting from professional services revenue recognition when it exceeds the total amounts billed to the customer. The Company’s contract liabilities consist of advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized.
In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized revenue of $5.6 million and $52.3 million, respectively, related to its contract liabilities at December 31, 2023.
Remaining Performance Obligations
As of September 30, 2024, the aggregate amount of the total transaction price allocated in contracts with original duration of greater than one year to the remaining performance obligations was $1,100.4 million. The Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately three-fourths of the remaining performance obligations over the next 24 months, with the balance recognized thereafter. The Company excludes amounts for remaining performance obligations that are part of contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less. Such remaining performance obligations represent unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations.
3. Investments and Fair Value Measurements
Marketable Investments
The Company’s marketable investments have been classified and accounted for as available-for-sale. The Company’s intent is that all marketable investments are available for use in its current operations, including marketable investments with maturity dates greater than one year from September 30, 2024. The Company’s
11

marketable investments as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2024
Short-Term Marketable InvestmentsCostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
Certificates of deposit$1,545 $2 $ $1,547 
U.S. treasury securities507,567 841 (23)508,385 
U.S. agency and government-sponsored securities113,260 40 (9)113,291 
Commercial paper9,947 21  9,968 
Corporate bonds42,246 274 (7)42,513 
Total$674,565 $1,178 $(39)$675,704 
December 31, 2023
Short-Term Marketable InvestmentsCostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
Certificates of deposit$1,463 $ $ $1,463 
U.S. treasury securities315,608 191 (362)315,437 
U.S. agency and government-sponsored securities239,358 78 (177)239,259 
Commercial paper17,382 9  17,391 
Municipal bonds927 1  928 
Corporate bonds12,630 4 (16)12,618 
Total$587,368 $283 $(555)$587,096 
The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and the fair value for those marketable investments that were in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Gross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
U.S. treasury securities$(23)$60,477 $(362)$79,644 
U.S. agency and government-sponsored securities(9)36,341 (177)165,493 
Corporate bonds(7)8,385 (16)7,550 
Total$(39)$105,203 $(555)$252,687 
Although the Company had certain available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2024, no impairment loss was recorded since it did not intend to sell them, did not anticipate a need to sell them, and the decline in fair value was not due to any credit-related factors.
The amortized cost and fair value of the Company’s marketable investments by contractual maturity as of September 30, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):
CostFair Value
Due within one year$550,615 $551,485 
Due after one year through two years123,950 124,219 
Total$674,565 $675,704 

Fair Value Measurements
12

The Company carries cash equivalents and marketable investments at fair value. Fair value is based on the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is estimated by applying the following hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:
Level 1 — Observable inputs, which include unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 — Observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs, such as quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are based on management’s assumptions, including fair value measurements determined by using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques.
The Company determined the fair value of its Level 1 financial instruments, which are traded in active markets, using quoted market prices for identical instruments.
Marketable investments classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are valued based on other observable inputs, including broker or dealer quotations or alternative pricing sources. When quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities are not available, the Company relies on non-binding quotes from its investment managers, which are based on proprietary valuation models of independent pricing services. These models generally use inputs such as observable market data, quoted market prices for similar instruments, historical pricing trends of a security as relative to its peers. To validate the fair value determination provided by its investment managers, the Company reviews the pricing movement in the context of overall market trends and trading information from its investment managers. The Company performs routine procedures such as comparing prices obtained from independent sources to ensure that appropriate fair values are recorded.
The following tables set forth the Company’s assets measured at fair value by level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
September 30, 2024
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets
Cash equivalents
Money market funds$157,556 $ $ $157,556 
U.S. treasury securities17,769   17,769 
Total cash equivalents$175,325 $ $ $175,325 
Marketable investments
Certificates of deposit$ $1,547 $ $1,547 
U.S. treasury securities508,385   508,385 
U.S. agency and government sponsored securities 113,291  113,291 
Commercial paper 9,968  9,968 
Corporate bonds 42,513  42,513 
Total marketable investments$508,385 $167,319 $ $675,704 



13

December 31, 2023
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets
Cash equivalents
Money market funds$66,661 $ $ $66,661 
Certificates of deposit 493  493 
U.S. treasury securities4,983   4,983 
Commercial paper 1,498  1,498 
Total cash equivalents$71,644 $1,991 $ $73,635 
Marketable investments
Certificates of deposit$ $1,463 $ $1,463 
U.S. treasury securities315,437   315,437 
U.S. agency and government-sponsored securities 239,259  239,259 
Commercial paper 17,391  17,391 
Municipal bonds 928  928 
Corporate bonds 12,618  12,618 
Total marketable investments$315,437 $271,659 $ $587,096 
In March 2024, the Company issued $747.5 million aggregate principal amount of 1.00% convertible senior notes due 2029 (the "2029 convertible senior notes") in a private offering. In connection with the issuance of the 2029 convertible senior notes, the Company used part of the net proceeds from the issuance to repurchase approximately $313.1 million aggregate principal amount of its 0.50% convertible senior notes due 2025 (the "2025 convertible senior notes"). As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the estimated fair value of the Company's outstanding 2025 convertible senior notes was $419.4 million and $718.3 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, the estimated fair value of the Company's outstanding 2029 convertible senior notes was $628.0 million. The fair values were determined based on the quoted price of the convertible senior notes in an inactive market on the last trading day of the reporting period and have been classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. See Note 6 for further information on the Company’s convertible senior notes.
In February 2022, the Company made a $2.0 million equity investment in a privately-held company that the Company does not have the ability to exercise significant influence over. The Company elected to utilize the measurement alternative for an equity security without a readily determinable fair value. Accordingly, this investment is accounted for at its cost minus impairment, if any, and is classified within Level 3. If the Company identifies observable price changes in orderly transactions for such investment or a similar investment, it will measure the investment at fair value as of the date that the observable transactions or events occurred. During the third quarter of 2024, the Company noted an indicator of impairment of this investment and recorded a $1.3 million impairment charge.
Except for the equity investment described above, there were no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
The fair value of the Company’s other financial instruments, including accounts receivable, accounts payable and other current liabilities, approximate their carrying value due to the relatively short maturity of those instruments. The carrying amounts of the Company’s operating and finance leases approximate their fair value, which is the present value of expected future cash payments based on assumptions about current interest rates and the creditworthiness of the Company.
14

4. Financial Statement Components
Cash and cash equivalents consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Cash$115,634 $69,566 
Money market funds157,556 66,661 
Certificates of deposit 493 
U.S. treasury securities17,769 4,983 
Commercial paper 1,498 
Total cash and cash equivalents$290,959 $143,201 
Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Trade accounts receivable$105,103 $86,912 
Unbilled trade accounts receivable, net of advance client deposits11,668 10,776 
Provision for credit losses(341)(264)
Accounts receivable, net$116,430 $97,424 
There was one client that represented 17% and 11% of accounts receivable as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively,
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Prepaid expenses$33,919 $22,023 
Other current assets8,224 8,493 
Contract assets6,497 4,106 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets$48,640 $34,622 
Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Computer and network equipment$180,998 $155,997 
Computer software67,105 59,452 
Internal-use software development costs39,345 19,734 
Furniture and fixtures5,129 4,666 
Leasehold improvements7,179 6,425 
Property and equipment299,756 246,274 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization(163,704)(137,702)
Property and equipment, net$136,052 $108,572 
Depreciation and amortization expense associated with property and equipment was $9.9 million and $29.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expense associated with property and equipment was $9.3 million and $26.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.
15

Other assets consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Other assets$13,176 $10,433 
Equity investment in a privately-held company750 2,000 
Deferred tax assets3,839 3,766 
Other assets$17,765 $16,199 
Accrued and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Accrued expenses$25,833 $18,282 
Accrued compensation and benefits50,580 35,927 
Accrued federal fees3,891 4,166 
Sales tax liabilities3,993 3,756 
Accrued and other current liabilities$84,297 $62,131 
Other long-term liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Deferred revenue$627 $1,350 
Sales tax liabilities476 926 
Other long-term liabilities6,338 5,612 
Other long-term liabilities$7,441 $7,888 
16

5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill of $138.2 million and intangible assets of $39.9 million were recorded as a result of the Company's acquisition of Acqueon Inc. ("Acqueon") in August 2024. See Note 13 for further details. The following table summarizes the activity in the Company's goodwill and intangible asset balances during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 (in thousands):
GoodwillIntangible Assets
Beginning of the period, December 31, 2023$227,412 $38,323 
  Addition (Acqueon)138,181 39,900 
  Measurement period adjustment (Aceyus)(143)— 
  Amortization— (8,492)
End of the period, September 30, 2024$365,450 $69,731 
The components of intangible assets were as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountWeighted Average Remaining Amortization period (Years)Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountWeighted Average Remaining Amortization period (Years)
Developed technology$105,714 $(47,881)$57,833 6.5$75,314 $(40,327)$34,987 5.2
Acquired workforce470 (470) 0.0470 (470) 0.0
Customer relationships12,850 (2,039)10,811 4.64,150 (1,252)2,898 4.1
Trademarks1,300 (213)1,087 2.61,000 (562)438 2.6
Total$120,334 $(50,603)$69,731 6.1$80,934 $(42,611)$38,323 5.1
Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $3.2 million and $8.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $3.2 million and $8.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.
As of September 30, 2024, the expected future amortization expense for intangible assets was as follows (in thousands):
PeriodExpected Future Amortization Expense
Remaining 2024$4,100 
202514,466 
202613,008 
20278,612 
20288,246 
Thereafter21,299 
Total$69,731 

6. Debt
Repurchase Transaction
In connection with the issuance of the 2029 convertible senior notes on March 1, 2024, the Company used part of the net proceeds from the issuance to repurchase approximately $313.1 million aggregate principal amount of
17

the outstanding 2025 convertible senior notes in privately-negotiated transactions for aggregate cash consideration of approximately $304.9 million (the “Repurchase Transaction”).
The Repurchase Transaction was accounted for as a debt extinguishment. The difference between the consideration used to extinguish the 2025 convertible senior notes and the carrying value of the 2025 convertible senior notes (including unamortized debt discount and issuance costs) resulted in an extinguishment gain of approximately $6.6 million recorded through Other income (expense), net on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
In connection with the Repurchase Transaction, the Company also entered into a partial termination agreement with each bank counterparty and unwound a corresponding portion of the previously purchased capped call instruments entered into in connection with the issuance of the 2025 convertible senior notes (the “2025 Capped Calls”). The Company received approximately $0.5 million in cash in connection with these partial terminations, representing the fair value at the date of settlement of the unwound 2025 Capped Calls.
2029 Convertible Senior Notes and Related Capped Call Transactions
In March 2024, the Company issued $747.5 million aggregate principal amount of 2029 convertible senior notes in a private offering, which aggregate principal amount included the exercise in full of the initial purchasers’ option to purchase up to an additional $97.5 million principal amount of the 2029 convertible senior notes. The 2029 convertible senior notes mature on March 15, 2029 and bear interest at a fixed rate of 1.00% per annum, payable semiannually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning on September 15, 2024. The total net proceeds from the issuance of the 2029 convertible senior notes, after deducting initial purchasers' discounts and commissions and estimated debt issuance costs, were approximately $728.8 million.
Each $1,000 principal amount of the 2029 convertible senior notes is initially convertible into 12.5918 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “2029 Conversion Option”), which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $79.42 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events. The initial conversion price represents a premium of approximately 30% to the $61.09 per share closing price of the Company’s common stock on The Nasdaq Global Market on February 27, 2024. There have been no changes to the initial conversion price of the 2029 convertible senior notes since issuance. The 2029 convertible senior notes are convertible, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at the option of the holders prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding December 15, 2028, only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on June 30, 2024 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “2029 Measurement Period”) in which the trading price (as defined in the 2029 Indenture governing the 2029 convertible senior notes) per $1,000 principal amount of the 2029 convertible senior notes for each trading day of the 2029 Measurement Period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate in effect on each such trading day; (3) if the Company calls any or all of the 2029 convertible senior notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or (4) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. On or after December 15, 2028 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert all or any portion of their 2029 convertible senior notes, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at the option of the holder regardless of the foregoing circumstances.
Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election. If the Company undergoes a fundamental change (as defined in the indenture governing the 2029 convertible senior notes), subject to certain conditions, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their 2029 convertible senior notes, in principal amounts of $1,000 or a multiple thereof, at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2029 convertible senior notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. In addition, following certain corporate events or if the Company issues a notice of redemption, it will, under certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for holders who elect to convert their notes in connection with such corporate event or during the relevant redemption period.
The closing market price of the Company's common stock of $28.73 per share on September 30, 2024, the last trading day during the three months ended September 30, 2024, was below $103.24 per share, which represents 130% of the initial conversion price of $79.42 per share. Additionally, the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day, September 30, 2024, was not greater than or equal to 130% of
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the initial conversion price. As such, during the three months ended September 30, 2024, the conditions allowing holders of the 2029 convertible senior notes to convert were not met. The 2029 convertible senior notes are therefore not convertible during the three months ending December 31, 2024.
The Company may not redeem the 2029 convertible senior notes prior to March 22, 2027. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the 2029 convertible senior notes, at its option, on or after March 22, 2027 and prior to December 15, 2028, if the last reported sale price of its common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2029 convertible senior notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date. However, the Company may not redeem less than all of the outstanding 2029 convertible senior notes unless at least $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2029 convertible senior notes are outstanding and not called for redemption at the time the redemption notice is sent. No sinking fund is provided for the 2029 convertible senior notes.
The 2029 convertible senior notes are the Company’s senior unsecured obligations and rank senior in right of payment to any of the Company’s indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the 2029 convertible senior notes; equal in right of payment to any of the Company’s unsecured indebtedness that is not so subordinated (including the 2025 convertible senior notes); effectively junior in right of payment to any of the Company’s secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities.
The net carrying amount of the 2029 convertible senior notes as of September 30, 2024 was as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2024
Principal$747,500 
Unamortized issuance costs(16,568)
Net carrying amount$730,932 
Interest expense related to the 2029 convertible senior notes was as follows (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2024
Contractual interest expense$1,869 $4,360 
Amortization of issuance costs920 2,090 
Total interest expense$2,789 $6,450 
The debt issuance costs are amortized into interest expense over the term of the 2029 convertible senior notes at an effective interest rate of 1.49%.
In connection with the issuance of the 2029 convertible senior notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (each a “2029 Capped Call,” and collectively the "2029 Capped Calls") with certain financial institutions. The 2029 Capped Call has an initial strike price of approximately $79.42, subject to certain adjustments, which corresponds to the initial conversion price of the 2029 convertible senior notes. The 2029 Capped Calls have an initial cap price of $122.18 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The 2029 Capped Calls are expected to partially offset the potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of the 2029 convertible senior notes, with such offset subject to a cap based on the cap price. Each 2029 Capped Call covers, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, approximately 9.4 million shares of the Company’s common stock. The 2029 Capped Call is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified extraordinary events affecting the Company, including merger events, tender offers, and announcement events. In addition, each 2029 Capped Call is subject to certain specified additional disruption events that may give rise to a termination of the 2029 Capped Calls, including nationalization, insolvency or delisting, changes in law, failures to deliver, insolvency filings, and hedging disruptions. For accounting purposes, each 2029 Capped Call is treated as a separate transaction from, and not part of the terms of the 2029 convertible senior notes. As these transactions meet certain accounting criteria, the 2029 Capped Calls are recorded in stockholders' equity and are not accounted for as derivatives. The 2029 Capped Calls will not be remeasured as long as they continue to meet the conditions for equity classification.
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2025 Convertible Senior Notes and Related Capped Call Transactions
In May and June 2020, the Company issued $747.5 million aggregate principal amount of 2025 convertible senior notes in a private offering, which aggregate principal amount included the exercise in full of the initial purchasers’ option to purchase up to an additional $97.5 million principal amount of the 2025 convertible senior notes. The 2025 convertible senior notes mature on June 1, 2025 and bear interest at a fixed rate of 0.500% per annum, payable semiannually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on December 1, 2020. The total net proceeds from the issuance of the 2025 convertible senior notes, after deducting initial purchasers' discounts and commissions and estimated debt issuance costs, were approximately $728.8 million.
In March 2024, the Company used part of the net proceeds from the issuance of the 2029 convertible senior notes to repurchase $313.1 million aggregate principal amount of the 2025 convertible senior notes in privately-negotiated transactions. As of September 30, 2024, after giving effect to the Repurchase Transaction, approximately $434.4 million aggregate principal amount of 2025 convertible senior notes remained outstanding.
Each $1,000 principal amount of the 2025 convertible senior notes is initially convertible into 7.4437 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “2025 Conversion Option”), which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $134.34 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events. The initial conversion price represents a premium of approximately 30% to the $103.34 per share closing price of the Company’s common stock on The Nasdaq Global Market on May 21, 2020. There have been no changes to the initial conversion price of the 2025 convertible senior notes since issuance. The 2025 convertible senior notes are convertible, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at the option of the holders prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding March 1, 2025, only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 2020 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “2025 Measurement Period”) in which the trading price (as defined in the 2025 Indenture governing the 2025 convertible senior notes) per $1,000 principal amount of the 2025 convertible senior notes for each trading day of the 2025 Measurement Period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate in effect on each such trading day; (3) if the Company calls any or all of the 2025 convertible senior notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or (4) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. On or after March 1, 2025 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert all or any portion of their 2025 convertible senior notes, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at the option of the holder regardless of the foregoing circumstances. 
Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election. If the Company undergoes a fundamental change (as defined in the indenture governing the 2025 convertible senior notes), subject to certain conditions, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their 2025 convertible senior notes, in principal amounts of $1,000 or a multiple thereof, at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2025 convertible senior notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. In addition, following certain corporate events or if the Company issues a notice of redemption, it will, under certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for holders who elect to convert their notes in connection with such corporate event or during the relevant redemption period.
The closing market price of the Company's common stock of $28.73 per share on September 30, 2024, the last trading day during the three months ended September 30, 2024, was below $174.64 per share, which represents 130% of the initial conversion price of $134.34 per share. Additionally, the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day, September 30, 2024, was not greater than or equal to 130% of the initial conversion price. As such, during the three months ended September 30, 2024, the conditions allowing holders of the 2025 convertible senior notes to convert were not met. The 2025 convertible senior notes are therefore not convertible during the three months ending December 31, 2024.
The 2025 convertible senior notes became redeemable at the Company's option on June 6, 2023. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the 2025 convertible senior notes, at its option, prior to March 1, 2025, if the last reported sale price of its common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending not more than two trading days immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2025
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convertible senior notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the 2025 convertible senior notes. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the conditions allowing the Company to redeem for cash all or any portion of the 2025 convertible senior notes were not met.
The 2025 convertible senior notes are the Company’s senior unsecured obligations and rank senior in right of payment to any of the Company’s indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the 2025 convertible senior notes; equal in right of payment to any of the Company’s unsecured indebtedness that is not so subordinated; effectively junior in right of payment to any of the Company’s secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) of the Company’s subsidiaries.
The net carrying amount of the 2025 convertible senior notes as of September 30, 2024 and as of December 31, 2023 was as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Principal$747,500 $747,500 
Unamortized issuance costs(1,478)(5,375)
Principal repaid(313,095) 
Net carrying amount$432,927 $742,125 
Interest expense related to the 2025 convertible senior notes was as follows (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Contractual interest expense$543 $934 $1,890 $2,803 
Amortization of issuance costs562 954 1,901 2,793 
Total interest expense$1,105 $1,888 $3,791 $5,596 
The debt issuance costs are amortized into interest expense over the term of the 2025 convertible senior notes at an effective interest rate of 1.00%.
In connection with the issuance of the 2025 convertible senior notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (each a “2025 Capped Call,” and collectively the "2025 Capped Calls") with certain financial institutions. The 2025 Capped Calls each have an initial strike price of approximately $134.34, which corresponds to the initial conversion price of the 2025 convertible senior notes. The initial cap price of the 2025 Capped Calls was $206.68 per share and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the 2025 Capped Calls. In connection with the Repurchase Transaction, the Company unwound a portion of the 2025 Capped Calls. Refer to the Repurchase Transaction section above for further information. There are no changes or amendments made to the remaining 2025 Capped Calls. The remaining 2025 Capped Calls cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, approximately 3.2 million shares of the Company’s common stock. Each 2025 Capped Call is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified extraordinary events affecting the Company, including merger events, tender offers, and announcement events. In addition, each 2025 Capped Call is subject to certain specified additional disruption events that may give rise to a termination of each 2025 Capped Call, including nationalization, insolvency or delisting, changes in law, failures to deliver, insolvency filings, and hedging disruptions. For accounting purposes, each 2025 Capped Call is a separate transaction from, and not part of the terms of the 2025 convertible senior notes. As these transactions meet certain accounting criteria, the 2025 Capped Calls are recorded in stockholders' equity and are not accounted for as derivatives. The 2025 Capped Calls will not be remeasured as long as they continue to meet the conditions for equity classification.
7. Stockholders’ Equity
Capital Structure
Common Stock
The Company is authorized to issue 450,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.001 per share. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had 75,208,409 and 73,316,968 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, respectively.
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Preferred Stock
The Company is authorized to designate and issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.001 per share in one or more series without stockholder approval and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions thereof. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding.
Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance
Shares of common stock reserved for future issuance related to outstanding equity awards and employee equity incentive plans as of September 30, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2024
Stock options outstanding891
RSUs (including PRSUs) outstanding5,269
Shares available for future grant under 2014 Plan16,470
Shares available for future issuance under ESPP4,461
Total shares of common stock reserved27,091
Stock Options
A summary of the Company’s stock option activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 is as follows (in thousands, except per share data):
Number of
Shares
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
(Years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023918 $55.96 
Options granted   
Options exercised(21)19.86 
Options forfeited or expired(6)136.44 
Outstanding as of September 30, 2024891 56.31 3.9$4,953 
The aggregate intrinsic value amounts are computed based on the difference between the exercise price of the stock options and the fair market value of the Company’s common stock of $28.73 per share as of September 30, 2024 for all in-the-money stock options outstanding.
Restricted Stock Units (including PRSUs)
A summary of the Company’s restricted stock unit ("RSU") activity, including PRSUs, during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 is as follows (in thousands, except per share data):     
Number of SharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Outstanding as of December 31, 20234,076 $83.25 
RSUs granted(1)
3,114 53.32 
RSUs vested and released(1,661)79.87 
RSUs forfeited or cancelled(260)76.86 
Outstanding as of September 30, 20245,269 66.57 
(1) Includes 159,016 PRSUs granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.     
PRSUs with Market and Service Conditions In 2022, the Company granted 284,282 PRSUs subject to market and service conditions (“market-based PRSUs”) with a grant date fair value of $30.6 million as part of its annual grant of equity incentive awards to certain executives and in connection with the appointment of Michael Burkland as its new Chief Executive Officer. In 2023, the Company granted 35,921 market-based PRSUs with a grant date fair value of $3.1 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company granted an additional
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159,016 market-based PRSUs with a grant date fair value of $9.6 million. The amount that may be earned pursuant to the market-based PRSUs ranges from 0% to 200% of the target number based on the Company’s relative total shareholder return (“RTSR”) performance as compared to the companies in the S&P Software and Services Select Index during three one-year performance periods. One-third of the total market-based PRSUs may be earned and settled in shares following the end of each performance period based on RTSR performance and subject to continued employment through the payment date. If the Company’s absolute total shareholder return for any performance period is negative, then no more than 100% of the target amount of market-based PRSUs for such period may be earned. If an executive's employment with the Company terminates before the end of the final one-year performance period due to death or disability, 100% (if due to death) or 50% (if due to disability) of the unvested market-based PRSUs may be earned subject to ultimate RTSR performance in each remaining performance period. Upon a qualifying termination of employment in connection with a change in control of the Company, the unvested market-based PRSUs will vest on a double-trigger basis (i) at the target level for the market-based PRSUs subject to the 2022-2024 performance period, (ii) for the market-based PRSUs subject to the 2023-2025 performance period, and (iii) for the market-based PRSUs subject to the 2024-2026 performance period, (a) at the target level for the uncompleted portions of the performance periods and (b) at the actual level of performance measured through the date of the change in control of the Company, based on the price per share paid in such change in control. The fair value of the market-based PRSUs is determined on their grant date using a Monte Carlo Simulation model based upon assumptions presented below. The Company recognizes the fair value of the market-based PRSUs ratably over their requisite service period.
During the first quarter of 2023, the Company certified the performance results for the 2022 measurement period for the market-based PRSUs subject to the 2022-2024 performance period. Under the market-based PRSU agreements, the TSR payout percentage ranges from 0% to 200%, with a 50% payout at the 25th TSR percentile (threshold), 100% payout at the 55th TSR percentile (target), 200% payout at the 90th percentile or greater (maximum) and no payout below the threshold performance level. The Company determined that its actual total shareholder return was -52.64% for 2022, and that its relative total shareholder return ranking was in the 30.2 percentile relative to companies in the S&P Software & Services Select Index, which resulted in a payout percentage of 58.7% of target. During the first quarter of 2024, the Company certified the performance results for the 2023 measurement period for the market-based PRSUs subject to the 2022-2024 performance period. The Company determined that its actual total shareholder return was 19.95% for 2023, and that its relative total shareholder return ranking was in the 53.8 percentile relative to companies in the S&P Software & Services Select Index, which resulted in a payout percentage of 98.0% of target. During the first quarter of 2024, the Company also certified the performance results for the 2023 measurement period for the market-based PRSUs subject to the 2023-2025 performance period. The Company determined that its actual total shareholder return was 19.95% for 2023, and that its relative total shareholder return ranking was in the 50.5 percentile relative to companies in the S&P Software & Services Select Index, which resulted in a payout percentage of 92.5% of target.
PRSUs with Revenue and Service Conditions In 2022, the Company granted 66,167 PRSUs subject to revenue-based performance and service conditions (“revenue-based PRSUs”) with a grant date fair value of $6.6 million. The amount of revenue-based PRSUs that may be earned will be determined based on achievement of two quarterly revenue goals. One third of the revenue-based PRSUs may be earned based on achievement of the first revenue target and, if achieved, will vest in four quarterly installments, with the first installment occurring on the date such achievement is certified, subject to the executive's continuous service through the applicable vesting dates. Two thirds of the revenue-based PRSUs may be earned based on achievement of the second revenue target and, if achieved, will vest in eight quarterly installments, with the first installment occurring on the date such achievement is certified, subject to the executive's continuous service through the applicable vesting dates. The revenue-based PRSUs are otherwise on the Company's standard award terms for its market-based PRSUs. During 2023, the Company certified that the first revenue target was achieved, and thus recognized the related stock-based compensation expense for this first revenue target. However, the Company certified during the first quarter of 2024
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that, as of December 31, 2023, the second revenue target was not achieved, and thus did not recognize the related stock-based compensation expense and cancelled the shares associated with this target.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense was as follows (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Cost of revenue$7,512 $9,856 $22,904 $29,077 
Research and development8,244 12,980 29,001 38,375 
Sales and marketing12,490 16,404 40,334 50,840 
General and administrative11,310 13,371 35,633 38,429 
Total stock-based compensation expense$39,556 $52,611 $127,872 $156,721 
As of September 30, 2024, unrecognized stock-based compensation expense by award type and expected weighted-average recognition periods are summarized in the following table (in thousands, except years).
Stock OptionRSU
(excluding PRSUs)
PRSUESPP
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense$1,887 $313,198 $13,419 $549 
Weighted-average amortization period1.0 year2.8 years1.5 years0.1 years
The weighted-average assumptions used to value PRSUs with market conditions granted during the periods presented were as follows:
PRSUs (Market Conditions)
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Closing price of common stock as of grant date— — $63.38 $68.15 
Expected term (years)— — 2.852.84
Volatility— — 49.4 51.1 %
Risk-free interest rate— — 4.5 %4.5 %
Dividend yield (1)
— —   
(1)The Company has not paid, and does not anticipate paying, cash dividends on its shares of common stock. Accordingly, the expected dividend yield is zero.
8. Net Loss Per Share
Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, and excludes any dilutive effects of employee stock-based awards and potential shares upon conversion of the convertible senior notes. Diluted net loss per share is computed giving effect to all potentially dilutive shares of common stock, including common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options, vesting of RSUs and PRSUs, and shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of convertible senior notes. As the Company had net losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, all potentially issuable shares of common stock were determined to be anti-dilutive.
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The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except per share data):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Net loss$(4,479)$(20,419)$(24,372)$(69,406)
Weighted-average shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share74,876 72,356 74,192 71,751 
Basic and diluted net loss per share$(0.06)$(0.28)$(0.33)$(0.97)
The following securities were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Stock options891 973 891 973 
RSUs (including PRSUs)
5,269 4,378 5,269 4,378 
Convertible senior notes
12,646 5,564 11,069 5,566 
Total18,806 10,915 17,229 10,917 
The Company used the if-converted method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of its convertible senior notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Under this method, the Company calculates diluted earnings per share under both the cash and share settlement assumptions to determine which is more dilutive. If share settlement is more dilutive, the Company calculates diluted earnings per share assuming that all of the convertible senior notes were converted solely into shares of common stock at the beginning of the reporting period. The potential impact upon the conversion of the convertible senior notes were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 because the effect would have been anti-dilutive.
9. Income Taxes
The (benefit from) provision for income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was approximately $(3.9) million and $0.5 million, respectively. The provision for income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was approximately $0.9 million and $2.2 million, respectively.

The benefit from income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily related to the Company's acquisition of Acqueon, which included a domestic net deferred tax liability balance of $4.8 million and provided the Company with a source of taxable income to release a portion of its U.S.valuation allowance. The provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 consisted primarily of U.S. federal and U.S. state tax expense as a result of IRC Section 174 research and experimental capitalization requirements and tax attribute utilization limitations, and foreign current income tax expense as a result from income produced by the Company's intercompany cost-plus operating model, which were partially offset by the benefit related to the Company's acquisition of Acqueon, discussed above. The provision for income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 consisted primarily of current U.S. state tax expense due to the lack of available net operating losses to offset the taxable income generated and foreign income tax expense due to the Company's intercompany cost-plus operating model.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the (benefit from) provision for income taxes differed from the statutory amount primarily due to the domestic full valuation allowance position maintained against the domestic net deferred tax assets, and the partial release discussed above. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the provision for income taxes differed from the statutory amount primarily due to domestic state income taxes, foreign income taxes and the Company realizing no benefit for prior year domestic losses due to maintaining a full valuation allowance against its domestic net deferred tax assets.
The realization of tax benefits from deferred tax assets is dependent upon future levels of taxable income, of an appropriate character, to be recognized in the periods the items are expected to be deductible or taxable. Based on the weight of the available objective evidence, the Company does not believe it is more likely than not that the U.S. net deferred tax assets will be realizable. Accordingly, the Company has provided a full valuation allowance against
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such net deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Company intends to maintain the valuation allowance until sufficient positive evidence exists to support a reversal of, or decrease in, the valuation allowance. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, there were no material changes to the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits.
10. Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments
The Company’s principal commitments consist of future payment obligations under its convertible senior notes, finance leases to finance data centers and other computer and networking equipment, operating leases for office facilities, cloud services and software and maintenance agreements, and agreements with third parties to provide co-location hosting and telecommunication services. These commitments as of December 31, 2023 are disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, and material updates to these commitments during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 are disclosed herein, including in this Note 10 and in Note 12.
As of September 30, 2024, the Company’s commitments under various co-location hosting and telecommunications agreements totaled $11.7 million for terms ranging up to 58 months. These agreements require the Company to make monthly payments over the service term in exchange for certain network services.
As of September 30, 2024, the Company had outstanding cloud services and software and maintenance agreement commitments totaling $42.1 million, of which $0.4 million is expected to be purchased in the remainder of 2024, $21.9 million is expected to be purchased in 2025, and the remaining $19.8 million is expected to be purchased in 2026. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company entered into equipment finance lease arrangements that resulted in a $17.2 million additional reduction of its outstanding cloud services commitment. See Note 12 for more information.
As of September 30, 2024, (i) $434.4 million of aggregate principal of the 2025 convertible senior notes was outstanding and is due on June 1, 2025, and (ii) $747.5 million of aggregate principal of the 2029 convertible senior notes was outstanding and is due on March 15, 2029. See Note 6 for more information concerning the convertible senior notes.
Legal Matters
The Company is involved in various legal and regulatory matters arising in the normal course of business. In management’s opinion, resolution of these matters is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, cash flows, or its financial position. However, due to the uncertain nature of legal matters, an unfavorable resolution of a matter could materially affect the Company’s future consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position in a particular period. The Company expenses legal fees as incurred.
Indemnification Agreements
In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into agreements of varying scope and terms pursuant to which it agrees to indemnify clients, vendors, lessors, business partners and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of breach of such agreements, including breach of security, services to be provided by the Company or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. In addition, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors, officers and certain employees that requires it, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors, officers or employees. There are no claims that the Company is aware of that could have a material effect on the consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, or consolidated statements of cash flows.
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11. Geographical Information
The following table summarizes revenues by geographic region based on client billing address (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
United States$235,274 $205,679 $679,066 $599,259 
International28,908 24,426 84,212 72,167 
Total revenue$264,182 $230,105 $763,278 $671,426 
The following table summarizes total property and equipment, net in the respective locations (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
United States$123,793 $101,567 
International12,259 7,005 
Property and equipment, net$136,052 $108,572 
12. Leases
The Company has leases for offices, data centers and computer and networking equipment that expire at various dates through 2031. The Company’s leases have remaining terms of one to seven years, some of the leases include a Company option to extend the leases for up to one to five years, and some of the leases include the option to terminate the leases upon 30-days' notice. The Company does not separate lease and non-lease components for real estate operating leases. The Company entered into three-year equipment finance lease agreements and recognized $18.6 million right of use assets during the three months ended September 30, 2024, which were reported within "Finance lease right-of-use assets" and are being depreciated on a straight-line basis over the lease term. As a result, the Company also recognized short-term lease liabilities of $5.9 million within "Finance lease liabilities" and long-term lease liabilities of $12.7 million within "Finance lease liabilities - less current portion" for the three months ended September 30, 2024.
The components of lease expenses were as follows (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Operating lease cost$3,933 $3,360 $10,003 $10,112 
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets$950 $491 $1,862 $570 
Interest on finance lease liabilities132 83 262 83 
Total finance lease cost$1,082 $574 $2,124 $653 
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash used in operating leases$(3,125)$(3,001)$(9,344)$(8,319)
Financing cash used in finance leases(1,039)(496)(2,006)(496)
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases10,679 795 11,314 6,273 
Finance leases18,559 2,936 18,559 5,103 
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Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Operating leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets$43,480 $38,873 
Operating lease liabilities$11,446 $10,731 
Operating lease liabilities — less current portion39,976 36,378 
Total operating lease liabilities$51,422 $47,109 
Finance leases
Finance lease right-of-use assets$21,262 $4,564 
Finance lease liabilities$7,695 $1,767 
Finance lease liabilities — less current portion13,716 2,877 
Total finance lease liabilities$21,411 $4,644 
Weighted average remaining terms were as follows (in years):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Weighted average remaining lease term
Operating leases5.15.7
Finance leases2.82.6
Weighted average discount rates were as follows:
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Weighted average discount rate
Operating leases4.2 %3.8 %
Finance leases5.8 %6.1 %
Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):
Year Ending December 31,Operating LeasesFinance Leases
Remaining 2024$3,489 $2,185 
202512,969 8,685 
202611,042 7,714 
20278,171 4,502 
20286,837  
Thereafter14,420  
Total future minimum lease payments56,928 23,086 
Less: imputed interest(5,506)(1,675)
Total$51,422 $21,411 


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13. Acquisitions
Acqueon
On August 27, 2024, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of Acqueon for total consideration of approximately $173.8 million. This acquisition, which was accounted for as a business combination, is intended to build on the pre-existing partnership between the companies, and to extend the Company's AI-powered CX platform by adding omnichannel proactive customer engagement to expand Five9’s outbound capabilities.
The excess of the purchase price over identifiable intangible assets and net tangible assets in the amount of $138.2 million was allocated to goodwill, which is not deductible for tax purposes. The fair values assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on management’s best estimates and assumptions as of the acquisition date and are considered preliminary pending finalization of valuation analyses pertaining to intangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed and tax liabilities assumed. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the fair value of these tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. The following table presents the preliminary allocation of the purchase price at the acquisition date (in thousands):
Cash$6,661 
Tangible assets acquired 4,580 
Other assets acquired7,333 
Acquired technology30,400 
Customer relationships 8,700 
Trademarks800 
Goodwill138,181 
Total assets acquired196,655 
Deferred tax liability(4,831)
Liabilities assumed(17,997)
         Total$173,827 
The acquired technology, customer relationships, and trademarks will be amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of eight years, five years, and three years, respectively. The Company used the income approach to estimate the fair value of intangible assets acquired.
In connection with this acquisition, the Company incurred total acquisition-related transaction costs of $2.0 million and $5.3 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, which have been expensed as incurred and included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
The results of operations of this acquisition are included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss from the date of acquisition and are not material to the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Aceyus
On August 14, 2023, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of Aceyus, Inc. ("Aceyus") for total cash consideration of approximately $82.0 million. This acquisition, which was accounted for as a business combination, is intended to accelerate the Company's ability to capitalize on two business opportunities, namely facilitating the migration of large enterprise customers from on-premise to cloud and leveraging contextual data to deliver personalized experiences throughout the customer journey, including using this contextual data in the Company's AI & Automation solutions.
The excess of the purchase price over identifiable intangible assets and net tangible assets in the amount of $61.8 million was allocated to goodwill, which is not deductible for tax purposes. The fair values assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on management’s best estimates and assumptions as of the reporting date and are considered final. The Company recorded an adjustment of $0.1 million during the one year from acquisition date measurement period. The following table presents the final allocation of the purchase price at the acquisition date (in thousands):
Cash$1,523 
Tangible assets acquired 383 
Other assets acquired3,002 
Acquired technology19,100 
Customer relationships 2,550 
Trademarks500 
Goodwill61,849 
Total assets acquired88,907 
Liabilities assumed(6,895)
         Total$82,012 
The acquired technology, customer relationships, and trademarks will be amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of eight years, five years, and three years, respectively. The Company used the income approach to estimate the fair value of intangible assets acquired.
In connection with this acquisition, the Company incurred total acquisition-related transaction costs of $2.2 million in 2023, and incurred no additional costs during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, which have been expensed as incurred and included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
The results of operations of this acquisition are included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss from the date of acquisition and are not material to the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.
14. Restructuring

On August 20, 2024, the Company announced a reduction in force plan (“Plan”) as part of its broader efforts to drive balanced, profitable growth, further supporting its positive, long-term outlook and focus on increasing shareholder value. The Plan reduced the Company’s global full-time employees by approximately 6%. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company incurred a total of $9.6 million in restructuring costs under the Plan, primarily consisting of notice period payments, severance payments, employee benefits and related costs, all of which are cash expenditures, of which $2.1 million was recorded in cost of revenue, $1.9 million was recorded in research and development expenses, $4.4 million was recorded in sales and marketing expenses, and $1.2 million was recorded in general and administrative expenses. As of September 30, 2024, $3.0 million had been paid and the remaining $6.6 million was recorded within "Accrued and other current liabilities" and is mostly expected to be paid by the fourth quarter of 2024. The Company does not expect to incur any additional costs under this plan.
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ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
You should read the following discussion in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Overview
We are a pioneer and leading provider of intelligent cloud contact centers with more than 3,000 clients. We believe we achieved this leadership position through our expertise and technology, which has empowered us to help organizations of all sizes transition from legacy on-premise contact center systems to our cloud solution. Our solution, comprised of our Virtual Contact Center, or VCC, cloud platform and applications, allows simultaneous management and optimization of customer interactions across voice, chat, email, web, social media and mobile channels, either directly or through our application programming interfaces, or APIs. Our VCC cloud platform matches each customer interaction with an appropriate agent resource and delivers relevant customer data to the agent in real-time through integrations with adjacent enterprise applications, such as customer relationship management, or CRM, software, to optimize the customer experience and improve agent productivity. Unlike legacy on-premise contact center systems, our solution requires minimal up-front investment, can be rapidly deployed and adjusted depending on our client’s requirements.
Since founding our business in 2001, we have focused exclusively on delivering cloud contact center software. We initially targeted smaller contact center opportunities with our telesales team and, over time, invested in expanding the breadth and depth of the functionality of our cloud platform to meet the evolving requirements of our clients. In 2009, we made a strategic decision to expand our market opportunity to include larger contact centers. This decision drove further investments in research and development and the establishment of our field sales team to meet the requirements of these larger contact centers. We believe this shift has helped us diversify our client base, while significantly enhancing our opportunity for future revenue growth. To complement these efforts, we have also focused on building client awareness and driving adoption of our solution through marketing activities, which include internet advertising, digital marketing campaigns, social media, trade shows, industry events, telemarketing and out of home campaigns.
We provide our solution through a SaaS business model with recurring subscriptions. We offer a comprehensive suite of applications delivered on our VCC cloud platform that are designed to enable our clients to manage and optimize interactions across inbound and outbound contact centers. We primarily generate revenue by selling subscriptions and related usage of our VCC cloud platform. We charge our clients monthly subscription fees for access to our solution, primarily based on the number of agent seats, as well as the specific functionalities and applications our clients deploy. We define agent seats as the maximum number of named agents allowed to concurrently access our solution. Our clients typically have more named agents than agent seats, and multiple named agents may use an agent seat, though not simultaneously. Substantially all of our clients purchase both subscriptions and related telephony usage from us. A small percentage of our clients subscribe to our platform but purchase telephony usage directly from wholesale telecommunications service providers. We do not sell telephony usage on a stand-alone basis to any client. The related usage fees are based on the volume of minutes for inbound and outbound interactions. We also offer bundled plans, generally for smaller deployments, where the client is charged a single monthly fixed fee per agent seat that includes both subscription and unlimited usage in the contiguous 48 states and, in some cases, Canada. We offer monthly, annual and multiple-year contracts to our clients, generally with 30 days’ notice required for reductions in the number of agent seats. Increases in the number of agent seats can be provisioned almost immediately. Our clients, therefore, are able to adjust the number of agent seats used to meet their changing contact center volume needs. Our larger clients typically choose annual contracts, which generally include an implementation and ramp period of several months. Fixed subscription fees, including bundled plans, are generally billed monthly in advance, while related usage fees are billed in arrears. For each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, subscription and related usage fees accounted for 92% of our revenue. For each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, subscription and related usage fees accounted for 92% of our revenue. The remainder was comprised of professional services revenue from the implementation and optimization of our solution.
Macroeconomic and Other Factors
We are subject to risks and exposures, including those caused by adverse economic conditions, including continued macroeconomic challenges, the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the conflict in the Middle East.
Macroeconomic factors include the global economic slowdown, continued inflation, increased interest rates, supply chain disruptions, decreased economic output and fluctuations in currency exchange rates. We continuously
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monitor the direct and indirect impacts of these circumstances on our business and financial results, as well as the overall global economy and geopolitical landscape. While the implications of macroeconomic events on our business, results of operations and overall financial position remain uncertain over the long term, we expect that adverse economic conditions will continue to have an adverse impact on our revenue in future periods. For example, our installed base business, which typically contributes approximately half of our annual revenue growth, continues to experience macroeconomic headwinds.
In August 2024, we announced a Plan as part of our broader efforts to drive balanced, profitable growth, further supporting our positive, long-term outlook and focus on increasing shareholder value. The Plan reduced our global full-time employees by approximately 6%. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, we incurred a total of $9.6 million in restructuring costs under the Plan, primarily consisting of notice period payments, severance payments, employee benefits and related costs, all of which are cash expenditures, of which $2.1 million was recorded in cost of revenue, $1.9 million was recorded in research and development expenses, $4.4 million was recorded in sales and marketing expenses, and $1.2 million was recorded in general and administrative expenses. As of September 30, 2024, $3.0 million had been paid and the remaining $6.6 million was recorded within accrued and other current liabilities and is mostly expected to be paid in the fourth quarter of 2024. We do not expect to incur any additional costs under this plan.
In March 2022 we decided to close our Russia office and to establish a new European development center in Portugal, in part due to the growing uncertainty arising from the Russia-Ukraine conflict. During both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we incurred approximately $0.2 million in costs related to the closure and relocation of our Russian operations. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we incurred approximately $0.9 million and $2.7 million in costs related to the closure and relocation of our Russian operations. Going forward, we do not expect to incur additional material costs related to the closure and relocation of our Russia operations. We currently do not believe that this decision will have a material effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Key GAAP Operating Results
Our revenue increased to $264.2 million and $763.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 from $230.1 million and $671.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. Revenue growth was primarily attributable to our larger clients, driven by an increase in our sales and marketing activities and our improved brand awareness. For each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, no single client accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue. As of September 30, 2024, we had over 3,000 clients across multiple industries with a wide range of seat sizes. We had a net loss of $4.5 million and $24.4 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to a net loss of $20.4 million and $69.4 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.
We have continued to make significant expenditures and investments, including in sales and marketing, research and development, infrastructure and investments in complementary businesses, technologies and intellectual property rights. We primarily evaluate the success of our business based on revenue growth and the efficiency and effectiveness of our investments. The growth of our business and our future success depend on many factors, including our ability to continue to expand our base of larger clients, grow revenue from our existing clients, innovate and expand internationally. While these areas represent significant opportunities for us, they also pose risks and challenges that we must successfully address, including the impact of continued macroeconomic challenges, the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the conflict in the Middle East, in order to successfully grow our business and improve our operating results.
Key Operating and Non-GAAP Financial Performance Metrics
In addition to measures of financial performance presented in our condensed consolidated financial statements, we monitor the key metrics set forth below to help us evaluate growth trends, establish budgets, measure the effectiveness of our sales and marketing efforts and assess operational efficiencies.
Annual Dollar-Based Retention Rate
We believe that our Annual Dollar-Based Retention Rate provides insight into our ability to retain and grow revenue from our clients, and is a measure of the long-term value of our client relationships. Our Annual Dollar-Based Retention Rate is calculated by dividing our Retained Net Revenue by our Retention Base Net Revenue on a monthly basis, which we then average using the rates for the trailing twelve months for the period presented. We define Retention Base Net Revenue as recurring net revenue from all clients in the comparable prior year period, and
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we define Retained Net Revenue as recurring net revenue from that same group of clients in the current period. We define recurring net revenue as net subscription and related usage revenue.
The following table shows our Annual Dollar-Based Retention Rate based on Net Revenue for the periods presented:
Twelve Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Annual Dollar-Based Retention Rate108%110%
Our Dollar-Based Retention Rate decreased year-over-year primarily due to continued macroeconomic headwinds on our installed base.
Adjusted EBITDA
We monitor adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure, to analyze our financial results and believe that it is useful to investors, as a supplement to U.S. GAAP measures, in evaluating our ongoing operational performance and enhancing an overall understanding of our past financial performance. We believe that adjusted EBITDA helps illustrate underlying trends in our business that could otherwise be masked by the effect of the income or expenses that we exclude from adjusted EBITDA. Furthermore, we use this measure to establish budgets and operational goals for managing our business and evaluating our performance. We also believe that adjusted EBITDA provides an additional tool for investors to use in comparing our recurring core business operating results over multiple periods with other companies in our industry.
Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and our calculation of adjusted EBITDA may differ from that of other companies in our industry. We compensate for the inherent limitations associated with using adjusted EBITDA through disclosure of these limitations, presentation of our financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP and reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, net loss. We calculate adjusted EBITDA as net loss before (1) depreciation and amortization, (2) stock-based compensation, (3) interest expense, (4) gain on early extinguishment of debt, (5) interest (income) and other, (6) exit costs related to the closure and relocation of Russian operations, (7) acquisition and related transaction costs and one-time integration costs, (8) lease amortization for finance leases, (9) costs related to a reduction in force plan, (10) (benefit from) provision for income taxes, and (11) other items that do not directly affect what we consider to be our core operating performance.
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The following table shows a reconciliation of net loss to adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Net loss$(4,479)$(20,419)$(24,372)$(69,406)
Non-GAAP adjustments:
Depreciation and amortization (1)
13,144 12,482 38,265 35,553 
Stock-based compensation (2)
39,556 52,611 127,872 156,721 
Interest expense4,068 1,972 10,541 5,683 
Gain on early extinguishment of debt— — (6,615)— 
Interest income and other (11,144)(8,233)(35,503)(18,477)
Exit costs related to closure and relocation of Russian operations (3)
21 659 78 2,070 
Acquisition and related transaction costs and one-time integration costs4,486 778 9,506 3,110 
Lease amortization for finance leases951 492 1,863 492 
Costs related to a reduction in force plan9,625 — 9,625 — 
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes(3,868)942 466 2,222 
Adjusted EBITDA$52,360 $41,284 $131,726 $117,968 
(1)Depreciation and amortization expenses included in our results of operations for the periods presented are as follows (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Cost of revenue$10,414 $10,075 $30,448 $28,251 
Research and development721 831 2,352 2,571 
Sales and marketing32 36 85 38 
General and administrative1,977 1,540 5,380 4,693 
Total depreciation and amortization
$13,144 $12,482 $38,265 $35,553 
(2)See Note 7 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for stock-based compensation expense included in our results of operations for the periods presented.
(3)Exit costs related to the closure and relocation of our Russian operations were $0.2 million during both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The $0.0 million and $0.1 million adjustments presented above were net of $0.2 million and $0.1 million included in “Interest income and other.” Exit costs related to the closure and relocation of our Russian operations were $0.9 million and $2.7 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The $0.7 million and $2.1 million adjustments presented above were net of $0.2 million and $0.6 million included in “Interest income and other.”
Key Components of Our Results of Operations
Revenue
Our revenue consists of subscription and related usage as well as professional services. We consider our subscription and related usage to be recurring revenue. This recurring revenue includes fixed subscription fees for the delivery and support of our VCC cloud platform, as well as related usage fees. The related usage fees are generally based on the volume of minutes for inbound and outbound client interactions. We also offer bundled plans, generally for smaller deployments, where the client is charged a single monthly fixed fee per agent seat that includes both subscription and unlimited usage in the contiguous 48 states and, in some cases, Canada. We offer monthly, annual and multiple-year contracts for our clients, generally with 30 days’ notice required for reductions in the number of agent seats. Increases in the number of agent seats can be provisioned almost immediately. Our clients, therefore, are able to adjust the number of agent seats used to meet their changing contact center volume needs. Our larger clients typically choose annual contracts, which generally include an implementation and ramp period of several months.
Fixed subscription fees, including plans with bundled usage, are generally billed monthly in advance, while variable usage fees are billed in arrears. Fixed subscription fees are recognized on a straight-line basis over the applicable term, which is predominantly the monthly contractual billing period. Support activities include technical assistance for our solution and upgrades and enhancements on a when and if available basis, which are not billed separately. Variable subscription related usage fees for non-bundled plans are billed in arrears based on client-
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specific per minute rate plans and are recognized as actual usage occurs. We generally require advance deposits from clients based on estimated usage. All fees, except usage deposits, are non-refundable.
In addition, we generate professional services revenue from assisting clients in implementing our solution and optimizing use. These services include application configuration, system integration and education and training services. Professional services are primarily billed on a fixed-fee basis and are typically performed by us directly. In limited cases, our clients choose to perform these services themselves or engage their own third-party service providers to perform such services. Professional services are recognized as the services are performed using the proportional performance method, with performance measured based on labor hours, provided all other criteria for revenue recognition are met.
While the implications of macroeconomic events on our business, results of operations and overall financial position remain uncertain over the long term, we expect that macroeconomic challenges will continue to have an adverse impact on our revenue in future periods. For example, our installed base business, which typically contributes approximately half of our annual revenue growth, continues to experience macroeconomic headwinds.
Cost of Revenue
Our cost of revenue consists primarily of personnel costs, including stock-based compensation, fees that we pay to telecommunications providers for usage, Universal Service Fund, or USF, contributions and other regulatory costs, depreciation and related expenses of our servers and equipment, costs to build out and maintain co-location data centers, costs of public cloud-based data centers, allocated office and facility costs, amortization of acquired technology, amortization of internal-use software development costs and lease amortization for finance leases. Cost of revenue can fluctuate based on a number of factors, including the fees we pay to telecommunications providers, which vary depending on our clients’ usage of our VCC cloud platform, the timing of capital expenditures and related depreciation charges and changes in headcount. We expect to continue investing in professional services, public cloud, cloud operations, client support and network infrastructure to maintain high quality and availability of services, which we believe will result in absolute dollar increases in cost of revenue but percentage of revenue declines in the long-term through economies of scale.
Operating Expenses
We classify our operating expenses as research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses.
Research and Development.    Our research and development expenses consist primarily of salary and related expenses, including stock-based compensation, for personnel related to the development of improvements and expanded features for our services, as well as quality assurance, testing, product management and allocated overhead. We expense research and development expenses as they are incurred except for internal use software development costs that qualify for capitalization. We believe that continued investment in our solution is important for our future growth, and we expect our research and development expenses to increase in absolute dollars and fluctuate as a percentage of revenue in the near and longer term.
Sales and Marketing.    Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses, including stock-based compensation, for personnel in sales and marketing, amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs, as well as advertising, marketing, corporate communications, travel costs and allocated overhead. We believe it is important to continue investing in sales and marketing to continue to generate revenue growth, and we expect sales and marketing expenses to increase in absolute dollars and fluctuate as a percentage of revenue in the near and longer term as we continue to support our growth initiatives.
General and Administrative.    General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salary and related expenses, including stock-based compensation, for management, finance and accounting, legal, information systems and human resources personnel, professional fees, compliance costs, other corporate expenses and allocated overhead. We expect that general and administrative expenses will fluctuate in absolute dollars and as a percentage of revenue in the near term, but to increase in absolute dollars and decline as a percentage of revenue in the longer term.
Results of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023
Based on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the following table sets forth our operating results as a percentage of revenue for
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the periods indicated:
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Revenue100 %100 %100 %100 %
Cost of revenue46 %48 %46 %48 %
Gross profit54 %52 %54 %52 %
Operating expenses:
Research and development16 %18 %16 %18 %
Sales and marketing30 %32 %32 %33 %
General and administrative14 %13 %13 %13 %
Total operating expenses60 %63 %61 %64 %
Loss from operations(6)%(11)%(7)%(12)%
Other income (expense), net:
Interest expense(1)%(1)%(1)%(1)%
Gain on early extinguishment of debt— %— %%— %
Interest income and other%%%%
Total other income (expense), net%%%%
Loss before income taxes(3)%(8)%(3)%(10)%
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes(1)%%— %— %
Net loss(2)%(9)%(3)%(10)%
Revenue
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023$
Change
%
Change
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023$
Change
%
Change
(in thousands, except percentages)
Revenue$264,182 $230,105 $34,077 15 %$763,278 $671,426 $91,852 14 %
The increase in revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 was primarily attributable to our larger clients, driven by an increase in our sales and marketing activities and our improved brand awareness.
Cost of Revenue
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023$
Change
%
Change
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023$
Change
%
Change
(in thousands, except percentages)
Cost of revenue$121,933 $111,080 $10,853 10 %$354,877 $320,197 $34,680 11 %
% of Revenue46 %48 %46%48%
The increase in cost of revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 was primarily due to a $4.8 million and $15.8 million increase in depreciation, data center and public cloud costs to support our growing capacity needs, a $3.1 million and $8.9 million increase in personnel-related costs primarily driven by $2.1 million in restructuring costs and an increase in net personnel costs, a $1.1 million and $2.4 million increase in USF contributions and other federal telecommunication service fees due to increased client usage, a $0.9 million and $1.8 million increase in office, facilities and related costs, a $0.5 million and $3.7 million increase in third-party costs driven by increased client activities, a $0.5 million and $2.1 million increase in amortization of capitalized internal-use software development costs, and a $0.4 million and $1.3 million increase in lease amortization of finance leases.

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Gross Profit
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023$
Change
%
Change
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023$
Change
%
Change
(in thousands, except percentages)
Gross profit$142,249 $119,025 $23,224 20 %$408,401$351,229$57,17216%
% of Revenue54 %52 %54%52%
The increase in gross profit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 was primarily due to increases in subscription and related revenues. We expect gross margin to increase in the long term despite continued investments in professional services, public cloud, cloud operations, client support and network infrastructure, as we expect revenue growth in the long term to more than offset these increases.
Operating Expenses
Research and Development
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023$
Change
%
Change
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023$
Change
%
Change
(in thousands, except percentages)
Research and development
$42,482$40,391 $2,091 %$124,717$117,709$7,0086%
% of Revenue16%18 %16%18%
The increase in research and development expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 was primarily due to a $4.3 million and $12.6 million increase in personnel-related costs primarily driven by $1.9 million in restructuring costs and an increase in net personnel costs, a $1.6 million and $2.6 million increase in staff augmentation costs, a $0.5 million and $1.3 million increase in office, facilities and related costs, and a $0.4 million and $1.5 million increase in public cloud development costs, offset in part by a $5.0 million and $11.6 million increase in research and development costs that qualified for capitalization.
Sales and Marketing
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023$
Change
%
Change
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023$
Change
%
Change
(in thousands, except percentages)
Sales and marketing
$78,615 $73,366 $5,249 %$238,056$223,757$14,2996%
% of Revenue30 %32 %32%33%
The increase in sales and marketing expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 was primarily due to a $3.6 million increase in amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs driven by the growth in sales and bookings of our solution, a $3.3 million increase in personnel-related costs primarily driven by $4.4 million in restructuring costs and partially reduced by a decrease in net personnel costs, offset in part by a $1.8 million decrease in marketing spend.
The increase in sales and marketing expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 was primarily due to a $12.5 million increase in amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs driven by the growth in sales and bookings of our solution, a $5.0 million increase in personnel-related costs primarily driven by $4.4 million in restructuring costs, offset in part by a $4.8 million decrease in marketing spend.
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General and Administrative
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023$
Change
%
Change
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023$
Change
%
Change
(in thousands, except percentages)
General and administrative
$36,575 $31,006 $5,569 18 %$101,111$89,741$11,37013%
% of Revenue14 %13 %13%13%
The increase in general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 was primarily due to a $3.9 million increase in costs associated with the acquisition of Acqueon, and a $0.8 million increase in personnel-related costs primarily driven by $1.2 million in restructuring costs and partially reduced by a decrease in net personnel costs.
The increase in general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 was primarily due to a $7.2 million increase in costs associated with the acquisition of Acqueon, and a $4.4 million increase in personnel-related costs primarily driven by an increase in net personnel costs and by $1.2 million in restructuring costs.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023$
Change
%
Change
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023$
Change
%
Change
(in thousands, except percentages)
Interest expense$(4,068)$(1,972)$(2,096)106 %$(10,541)$(5,683)$(4,858)85 %
Gain on early extinguishment of debt— — — — %6,615 — 6,615 100 %
Interest income and other11,144 8,233 2,911 35 %35,503 18,477 17,026 92 %
Total other income (expense), net$7,076 $6,261 $815 13 %$31,577 $12,794 $18,783 147 %
% of Revenue%%%%
The increase in interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 was primarily due to the issuance of the 2029 convertible senior notes in March 2024.
In connection with the issuance of the 2029 convertible senior notes, we used part of the net proceeds from the issuance to repurchase approximately $313.1 million aggregate principal amount of our then outstanding 2025 convertible senior notes in privately-negotiated transactions for aggregate cash consideration of approximately $304.9 million. The repurchase transaction was accounted for as a debt extinguishment. The difference between the consideration used to extinguish the 2025 convertible senior notes and the carrying value of the 2025 convertible senior notes (including unamortized debt discount and issuance cost) resulted in an extinguishment gain of approximately $6.6 million. See Note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further details.
The increase in interest income and other for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 was primarily due to higher interest income on our marketable investments due to higher investable balances and higher interest rates, offset in part by a $1.3 million impairment charge of an equity investment.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
To date, we have financed our operations primarily through sales of our solution, net proceeds from our equity and debt financings, including the issuance of our 2029 convertible senior notes in March 2024, issuance of our 2025 convertible senior notes in May and June 2020 and of our 2023 convertible senior notes in May 2018, and lease facilities. As of September 30, 2024, we had $554.0 million in working capital, which included $291.0 million in cash and cash equivalents and $675.7 million in marketable investments. Our intent is that all marketable investments are available for use in our current operations, including marketable investments with maturity dates greater than one year from September 30, 2024.
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In March 2024, we issued $747.5 million aggregate principal amount of our 2029 convertible senior notes in a private offering. The 2029 convertible senior notes mature of March 15, 2029 and are our senior unsecured obligations. The 2029 convertible senior notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 1.00% per annum, payable semiannually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning on September 15, 2024. The total net proceeds from the issuance of the 2029 convertible senior notes, after deducting initial purchaser' discounts and commissions and estimated debt issuance costs, were approximately $728.9 million. In connection with the issuance of the 2029 convertible senior notes, we used part of the net proceeds from the issuance to repurchase approximately $313.1 million aggregate principal amount of our then outstanding 2025 convertible senior notes in privately-negotiated transactions for aggregate cash consideration of approximately $304.9 million. In connection with the issuance of the 2029 convertible senior notes, we also entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions with certain financial institutions. We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure needs for at least the next 12 months. 
We plan to continue to finance our operations in the future primarily through sales of our solution, net proceeds from equity and debt financings, and lease facilities, but we may consider pursuing a revolving credit facility in the future. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors including our growth rate, continuing market acceptance of our solution, the strength of the global economy, client retention, growth within our installed base, our ability to gain new clients, the timing and extent of spending to support research and development efforts, the outcome of any pending or future litigation or other claims by third parties or governmental entities, the expansion of sales and marketing activities and personnel, the introduction of new and enhanced offerings, expenses incurred in closing our Russia operations and expanding our operations in Portugal and any operational disruptions due to this transition, and the effect of the length and severity of the continued macroeconomic challenges, the Russia-Ukraine conflict, and the conflict in the Middle East on these or other factors. We may also acquire or invest in complementary businesses, technologies and intellectual property rights, such as our recent acquisitions of Aceyus in August 2023 and Acqueon in August 2024, which may increase our use of cash and future capital requirements, both to pay acquisition costs and to support our combined operations. We may raise additional capital through equity or debt financings at any time to fund these or other requirements. However, we may not be able to raise additional capital through equity or debt financings when needed on terms acceptable to us or at all, depending on our financial performance and condition, economic and market conditions, the trading price of our common stock, and other factors, including the length and severity of the current economic downturn and fluctuations in the financial markets, including due to the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the conflict in the Middle East. If we are unable to raise additional capital as needed, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed. In addition, if our operating performance during the next twelve months is below our expectations, our liquidity and ability to operate our business also could be harmed.
If we raise additional funds by issuing equity or equity-linked securities, the ownership of our existing stockholders would be diluted. If we raise additional funds through the incurrence of additional indebtedness, we will be subject to increased debt service obligations and could also be subject to restrictive covenants and other operating restrictions that could negatively impact our ability to operate our business.
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented (in thousands):
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Net cash provided by operating activities$93,353 $92,294 
Net cash used in investing activities(284,741)(234,974)
Net cash provided by financing activities339,398 91,047 
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$148,010 $(51,633)
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Cash provided by operating activities is primarily influenced by our personnel-related expenditures, data center and telecommunications carrier costs, office and facility related costs, USF contributions and other regulatory costs and the amount and timing of client payments. If we continue to improve our financial results, we expect net cash provided by operating activities to increase. Our largest source of operating cash inflows is cash collections from our clients for subscription and related usage services. Payments from clients for these services are typically received monthly.
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Net cash provided by operating activities was $93.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Net cash provided by operating activities resulted from our net loss of $24.3 million, adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities of $207.2 million, primarily consisting of $127.9 million of stock-based compensation, $52.2 million of amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs, $38.3 million of depreciation and amortization, $10.6 million of amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets, $4.0 million of amortization of issuance costs on our convertible senior notes, $1.3 million impairment charge of an equity investment, $(16.8) million accretion of discount on marketable investments and $(6.6) million gain on early extinguishment of debt, partially offset by use of cash for operating assets and liabilities of $(89.5) million primarily due to the timing of cash payments to vendors and cash receipts from customers.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $92.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Net cash provided by operating activities resulted from our net loss of $69.4 million, adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities of $238.6 million, primarily consisting of $156.7 million of stock-based compensation, $35.6 million of depreciation and amortization, $40.1 million of amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs, $9.2 million of amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets, $2.8 million of
amortization of issuance costs on our convertible senior notes, and $(7.7) million accretion of discount on marketable investments, partially offset by use of cash for operating assets and liabilities of $(76.9) million primarily due to the timing of cash payments to vendors and cash receipts from customers.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities of $(284.7) million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was comprised of $993.5 million related to purchases of marketable investments, $167.2 million, net of cash acquired in connection with the acquisition of Acqueon, $33.1 million in capital expenditures and $14.2 million in capitalized software development costs, offset in part by $923.1 million related to cash proceeds from sales and maturities of marketable investments.
Net cash used in investing activities of $(235.0) million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was comprised of $544.7 million related to purchases of marketable investments, $80.6 million, net of cash acquired in connection with the acquisition of Aceyus, $19.9 million in capital expenditures and $5.8 million in capitalized software development costs, offset in part by $416.1 million related to cash proceeds from sales and maturities of marketable investments.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities of $339.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was related to net cash proceeds of $728.8 million from the issuance of the 2029 convertible senior notes, net of initial purchasers' discounts and commissions and debt issuance costs, $9.5 million from the sale of common stock under our employee stock purchase plan, $0.5 million cash received from the partial termination of capped calls associated with the 2025 convertible senior notes, and $0.4 million of cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options, offset in part by $304.5 million from the repurchase of a portion of the 2025 convertible senior notes, $93.4 million from the payment for capped call transactions associated with the 2029 convertible senior notes, and $2.0 million of payments related to finance leases.
Net cash provided by financing activities of $91.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was related to $74.5 million of cash received from the settlement at maturity of the outstanding capped calls associated with the repurchase and early settlements of the 2023 convertible senior notes, $9.4 million from the sale of common stock under our employee stock purchase plan, and cash proceeds of $8.3 million from the exercise of stock options, offset in part by $0.5 million of holdback payment related to an acquisition, $0.5 million of payments related to finance leases and $0.2 million of cash paid in connection with 2023 convertible senior note settlements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
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There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on February 22, 2024.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to Note 1 of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report.
Contractual and Other Obligations
Our material cash requirements include the following contractual and other obligations.
Convertible Senior Notes
In May and June 2020, we issued $747.5 million aggregate principal amount of our 2025 convertible senior notes in a private offering. The 2025 convertible senior notes mature on June 1, 2025 and are our senior unsecured obligations. The 2025 convertible senior notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 0.50% per annum, payable semiannually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning December 1, 2020. The total net proceeds from the offering, after deducting initial purchasers’ discounts and commissions and estimated debt issuance costs, were approximately $728.8 million. In connection with the issuance of the 2029 convertible senior notes, we used part of the net proceeds from the issuance to repurchase approximately $313.1 million aggregate principal amount of our 2025 convertible senior notes. As of September 30, 2024, the aggregate principal amount outstanding of our 2025 convertible senior notes was $434.4 million.
In March 2024, we issued $747.5 million aggregate principal amount of our 2029 convertible senior notes in a private offering. The 2029 convertible senior notes mature of March 15, 2029 and are our senior unsecured obligations. The 2029 convertible senior notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 1.00% per annum, payable semiannually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning on September 15, 2024. The total net proceeds from the issuance of the 2029 convertible senior notes, after deducting initial purchasers' discounts and commissions and debt issuance costs, were approximately $728.9 million. As of September 30, 2024, the aggregate principal amount outstanding of our 2025 convertible senior notes was $747.5 million.
See Note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report for further details.
Leases
We have leases for offices, data centers and computer and networking equipment that expire at various dates through 2031. Our leases have remaining terms of one to seven years. Some of the leases include an option to extend the leases for up to one to five years, and some of the leases include the option to terminate the leases upon 30-days' notice. We had outstanding operating lease obligations of $56.9 million as of September 30, 2024, with $3.5 million payable in the remainder of 2024, $24.0 million payable in 2025 and 2026, $15.0 million payable in 2027 and 2028, and $14.4 million payable after 2028. We also had outstanding finance lease obligations of $23.1 million as of September 30, 2024, with $2.2 million payable in the remainder of 2024, $16.4 million payable in 2025 and 2026, and $4.5 million payable in 2027 and 2028. We entered into three-year equipment finance lease agreements and recognized $18.6 million right of use assets during the three months ended September 30, 2024, which were reported within "Finance lease right-of-use assets" and are being depreciated on a straight-line basis over the lease term. As a result, we also recognized short-term lease liabilities of $5.9 million within "Finance lease liabilities" and long-term lease liabilities of $12.7 million within "Finance lease liabilities - less current portion" for the three months ended September 30, 2024. See Note 12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report for further details.
Cloud Services and Software and Maintenance
As of September 30, 2024, we had outstanding cloud services and software and maintenance agreement commitments totaling $42.1 million, of which $0.4 million is expected to be purchased in the remainder of 2024, $21.9 million is expected to be purchased in 2025, and the remaining $19.8 million is expected to be purchased in 2026. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, we entered into equipment finance lease arrangements that resulted in a $17.2 million additional reduction of our outstanding cloud services commitment. See Note 12 for more information.
Hosting and Telecommunication Usage Services
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We have agreements with third parties to provide co-location hosting and telecommunication usage services. The agreements require payments per month for a fixed period of time in exchange for certain guarantees of network and telecommunication availability. As of September 30, 2024, we had outstanding hosting and telecommunication usage services obligations of $11.7 million, with $1.5 million payable in the remainder of 2024, $7.4 million payable in 2025 and 2026, $2.7 million payable in 2027 and 2028, and $0.1 million payable in 2029.
Indemnification Agreements
In the ordinary course of business, we enter into agreements of varying scope and terms pursuant to which we agree to indemnify clients, vendors, lessors, business partners and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of breach of such agreements, services to be provided by us or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors, officers and certain employees that will require us, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors, officers or employees. There are no claims that we are aware of that could have a material effect on our consolidated balance sheet, consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, or consolidated statements of cash flows.
 Contingencies — Legal and Regulatory
We are subject to certain legal and regulatory proceedings, and from time to time may be involved in a variety of claims, lawsuits, investigations, and proceedings relating to contractual disputes, intellectual property rights, employment matters, regulatory compliance matters, and other litigation matters relating to various claims that arise in the normal course of business. We determine whether an estimated loss from a contingency should be accrued by assessing whether a loss is deemed probable and can be reasonably estimated. We assess our potential liability by analyzing specific litigation and regulatory matters using reasonably available information. We develop our views on estimated losses in consultation with inside and outside counsel, which involves a subjective analysis of potential results and outcomes, assuming various combinations of appropriate litigation and settlement strategies. Legal fees are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. See Note 10 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more details.



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ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
We are exposed to market risk in the ordinary course of our business. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily a result of fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. We do not hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes. For a discussion of market risk, see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk” in Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. Our exposure to market risk has not changed materially since December 31, 2023.
Interest Rate Sensitivity
We had cash and cash equivalents, and marketable securities totaling $966.7 million as of September 30, 2024. Cash equivalents and marketable securities were invested primarily in U.S. agency and government sponsored securities, U.S. treasury securities, municipal bonds, commercial paper, corporate bonds, certificates of deposit and money market funds. Our investment policy is focused on the preservation of capital and supporting our liquidity needs. Under this policy, we invest in highly rated securities, while limiting the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer other than the U.S. government. We do not invest in financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes, nor do we use leveraged financial instruments. We utilize external investment managers who adhere to the guidelines of our investment policy. A hypothetical 100 basis point change in interest rates would not have a material impact on the value of our cash and cash equivalents or marketable investments.
As of September 30, 2024, aggregate principal amount outstanding of our 2025 and 2029 convertible senior notes was $1,181.9 million. The fair value of the convertible senior notes are subject to interest rate risk, market risk and other factors due to their conversion features. The fair value of the convertible senior notes will generally increase as our common stock price increases and will generally decrease as our common stock price declines. The interest and market value changes affect the fair value of the convertible senior notes but do not impact our financial position, cash flows or results of operations due to the fixed nature of the debt obligations. Additionally, we carry the convertible senior notes at face value less unamortized discount on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, and we present the fair value for required disclosure purposes only.
Our 2025 and 2029 convertible senior notes bear fixed interest rates and, therefore, are not subject to interest rate risk. We have not utilized derivative financial instruments, derivative commodity instruments or other market risk sensitive instruments, positions or transactions in any material fashion, except for the privately negotiated capped call transactions entered into in May and June 2020 related to the issuance of our 2025 convertible senior notes and entered into in March 2024 related to the issuance of our 2029 convertible senior notes.
Foreign Currency Risk
The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Our sales are primarily denominated in U.S. dollars and, therefore, our revenue is not directly subject to foreign currency risk. However, we are indirectly exposed to foreign currency risk. A stronger U.S. dollar makes our solution more expensive outside the United States and therefore can reduce demand. A weaker U.S. dollar could have the opposite effects. Such economic exposure to currency fluctuations is difficult to measure or predict because our sales are influenced by many factors in addition to the impact of currency fluctuations. Our operating expenses are generally denominated in the currencies of the countries in which our operations are located, except for Russia where compensation of our employees was primarily denominated in the U.S. dollar. In March 2022, we made a decision to close our Russia office in June 2022 and to establish a new European development center in Portugal.
Our consolidated results of operations and cash flows are, therefore, subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and may be adversely affected in the future due to changes in foreign exchange rates. To date, we have not entered into any hedging arrangements with respect to foreign currency risk or other derivative financial instruments. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the effect of a hypothetical 10% change in foreign currency exchange rates applicable to our business would have a maximum impact of $7.2 million on our operating expenses.
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ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of September 30, 2024.
Based on management’s evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were designed, and were effective, to provide assurance at a reasonable level that the information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During the three months ended September 30, 2024, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings
Information with respect to this Item may be found under the heading “Legal Matters” in Note 10 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which information is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors
Except for the below risk factors, which update those previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 22, 2024, there have been no material changes from the Risk Factors previously disclosed in Part 1, Item 1A, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. In addition to the other information set forth in this report, including the below update to Risk Factors, you should carefully consider the Risk Factors discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K as they could materially affect our business, financial condition and future results of operation.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Convertible Senior Notes
Servicing our debt may require a significant amount of cash. We may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to pay our indebtedness, and we may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to settle conversions of the convertible senior notes in cash or to repurchase the convertible senior notes for cash upon a fundamental change, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
In May and June 2020, we issued $747.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2025 convertible senior notes in a private offering, $434.4 million of which was outstanding as of September 30, 2024. The 2025 convertible senior notes mature on June 1, 2025, and the interest rate of the 2025 convertible senior notes is fixed at 0.500% per annum, payable semiannually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on December 1, 2020. In March 2024, we issued $747.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2029 senior notes in a private offering, all of which were outstanding as of September 30, 2024. The 2029 convertible senior notes mature on March 15, 2029, and the interest rate of the 2029 convertible senior notes is fixed at 1.000% per annum, payable semiannually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning on September 15, 2024.
Our ability to make scheduled payments of principal and interest under our 2025 convertible senior notes and our 2029 convertible senior notes, or to refinance such indebtedness, depends on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control, including those described in this report. Our business may not generate cash flows from operations in the future that are sufficient to service our indebtedness and make necessary capital expenditures. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flows, we may be required to pursue one or more alternatives, such as selling assets, restructuring debt or obtaining additional debt financing or equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive to existing holders of our common stock. Our ability to obtain additional financing or refinance the 2025 convertible senior notes, the 2029 convertible senior notes or any future indebtedness, will depend on conditions in the capital markets and our financial condition at such time, among other factors. We may not be able to engage in any of these activities on favorable terms or at all, which could result in a default on our debt obligations or other material adverse effects on our business and financial condition.
Subject to certain conditions, holders of the convertible senior notes have the right to require us to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their convertible senior notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the indenture governing the convertible senior notes) at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the convertible senior notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the applicable fundamental change repurchase date.
Upon conversion of the convertible senior notes in accordance with their terms, unless we elect to deliver solely shares of our common stock to settle such conversion (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we will be required to settle a portion or all of our conversion obligation through the payment of cash. We may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing at the time we are required to make repurchases in connection with such conversion and our ability to pay may be further limited by law, regulatory authority or agreements governing our future indebtedness. Our failure to repurchase any convertible senior notes at a time when the repurchase is required by the applicable indenture or to pay any cash payable on any future conversions as required by such indenture would constitute a default under such indenture. A default under the applicable indenture would lead to, and the occurrence of the fundamental change itself may also lead to, a default under agreements governing our future indebtedness. If the repayment of the related indebtedness were to be
46

accelerated after any applicable notice or grace periods, we may not have sufficient funds to repay the indebtedness or repurchase the convertible senior notes when required, or to make cash payments upon conversions thereof.
If triggered, the conditional conversion features of the convertible senior notes may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.
If and to the extent the conditional conversion features of either or both series of our convertible senior notes are triggered, holders of such convertible senior notes will be entitled to convert their convertible senior notes at any time during specified periods at their option. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the conversion features of the 2025 convertible senior notes were not triggered. Accordingly, holders of the 2025 convertible senior notes are not entitled to convert their convertible senior notes from October 1, 2024 to December 31, 2024. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the conversion features of the 2029 convertible senior notes were not triggered. Accordingly, holders of the 2029 convertible senior notes are not entitled to convert their convertible senior notes from October 1, 2024 to December 31, 2024. Whether either or both series of our convertible senior notes will be convertible after December 31, 2024 will depend on the satisfaction of the applicable conversion conditions.
To the extent that the conditional conversion features of either or both series of our convertible senior notes are triggered in the future, holders of such convertible senior notes will be entitled to convert their convertible senior notes at any time during the specified periods at their option. If one or more holders elect to convert their convertible senior notes during any such specified period, we have the option to pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election. Any election to settle conversions of convertible senior notes with cash could adversely affect our liquidity.
Transactions relating to the convertible senior notes may dilute the ownership interests of our existing stockholders or adversely affect the market price of our common stock; the trading price of our convertible senior notes may be affected by volatility in the price of our common stock.
The conversion of some or all of the convertible senior notes would dilute the ownership interests of our existing stockholders to the extent we satisfy our conversion obligation by delivering shares of our common stock. In this regard, if holders of the convertible senior notes elect to convert their notes, we may settle our conversion obligations by delivering to them cash, shares of our common stock or a combination thereof. In addition, we may issue shares of our common stock in connection with repurchases, exchanges or other transactions involving the convertible senior notes. Historically, we have elected to satisfy our convertible senior note conversion obligations through the payment of cash in certain circumstances, the issuance of shares of common stock in other circumstances, or a combination thereof, to such convertible senior note holders. See Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation-Liquidity and Capital Resources, for further discussion of our elections to satisfy our conversion obligations.
In addition, in connection with the issuance of each series of the convertible senior notes, we entered into capped call transactions with certain financial institutions, or the Option Counterparties. The capped call transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to holders of our common stock upon any conversion or settlement of the convertible notes and/or offset any cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of such convertible senior notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap under the terms of the capped call transactions. We expect that the Option Counterparties or their respective affiliates may from time to time purchase shares of our common stock and/or enter into various derivative transactions with respect to our common stock in connection with their hedging activities relating to the capped call transactions. The Option Counterparties or their respective affiliates also may modify their hedge positions by entering into or unwinding such derivative transactions and/or purchasing or selling our common stock or other securities of ours in secondary market transactions prior to the applicable maturity of the convertible senior notes. These activities could negatively affect the market price of our common stock.
Volatility and declines in the trading price of our common stock may result in decreases in the trading prices of our convertible senior notes. Our convertible senior notes do not trade in a liquid market and are thus subject to increased volatility, particularly when our common stock price is volatile.
ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
47

ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. Other Information
Rule 10b5-1 Plans
During the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024, none of the Company's directors and officers adopted, modified, or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement:







48

ITEM 6. Exhibits
Exhibit
Number
Description
101.INS*XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH*XBRL Taxonomy Schema Linkbase Document
101.CAL*XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*XBRL Taxonomy Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE*XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data File. Formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.
* Filed herewith.
** Furnished herewith.




49

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Five9, Inc.
Date:November 7, 2024 By:/s/ Michael Burkland
Michael Burkland
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Barry Zwarenstein
Barry Zwarenstein
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
/s/ Leena Mansharamani
Leena Mansharamani
Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)

50

Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF
THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Michael Burkland, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Five9, Inc. for the quarter ended September 30, 2024;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date:November 7, 2024 By:/s/ Michael Burkland
Michael Burkland
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)



Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF
THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Barry Zwarenstein, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Five9, Inc. for the quarter ended September 30, 2024;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date:November 7, 2024By:/s/ Barry Zwarenstein
Barry Zwarenstein
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)




Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Michael Burkland, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Quarterly Report of Five9, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that information contained in such Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly presents in all material respects the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
Date:November 7, 2024 By:/s/ Michael Burkland
Michael Burkland
Chief Executive Officer


I, Barry Zwarenstein, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Quarterly Report of Five9, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that information contained in such Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly presents in all material respects the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
Date:November 7, 2024 By:/s/ Barry Zwarenstein
Barry Zwarenstein
Chief Financial Officer


This certification accompanies the Form 10-Q to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Five9, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.



v3.24.3
Cover Page - shares
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Nov. 04, 2024
Cover [Abstract]    
Document Type 10-Q  
Document Quarterly Report true  
Document Period End Date Sep. 30, 2024  
Document Transition Report false  
Entity File Number 001-36383  
Entity Registrant Name Five9, Inc.  
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code DE  
Entity Tax Identification Number 94-3394123  
Entity Address, Address Line One 3001 Bishop Drive  
Entity Address, Address Line Two Suite 350  
Entity Address, City or Town San Ramon  
Entity Address, State or Province CA  
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 94583  
City Area Code 925  
Local Phone Number 201-2000  
Title of 12(b) Security Common stock, par value $0.001 per share  
Trading Symbol FIVN  
Security Exchange Name NASDAQ  
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes  
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes  
Entity Filer Category Large Accelerated Filer  
Entity Small Business false  
Entity Emerging Growth Company false  
Entity Shell Company false  
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   75,208,409
Entity Central Index Key 0001288847  
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31  
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2024  
Document Fiscal Period Focus Q3  
Amendment Flag false  
v3.24.3
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents $ 290,959 $ 143,201
Marketable investments 675,704 587,096
Accounts receivable, net 116,430 97,424
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 48,640 34,622
Deferred contract acquisition costs, net 72,534 61,711
Total current assets 1,204,267 924,054
Property and equipment, net 136,052 108,572
Operating lease right-of-use assets 43,480 38,873
Finance lease right-of-use assets 21,262 4,564
Intangible assets, net 69,731 38,323
Goodwill 365,450 227,412
Other assets 17,765 16,199
Deferred contract acquisition costs, net — less current portion 149,885 136,571
Total assets 2,007,892 1,494,568
Current liabilities:    
Accounts payable 33,876 24,399
Accrued and other current liabilities 84,297 62,131
Operating lease liabilities 11,446 10,731
Finance lease liabilities 7,695 1,767
Deferred revenue 80,000 68,187
Convertible senior notes 432,927 0
Total current liabilities 650,241 167,215
Convertible senior notes - less current portion 730,932 742,125
Operating lease liabilities — less current portion 39,976 36,378
Finance lease liabilities — less current portion 13,716 2,877
Other long-term liabilities 7,441 7,888
Total liabilities 1,442,306 956,483
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Stockholders’ equity:    
Common stock 75 73
Additional paid-in capital 992,905 942,280
Accumulated other comprehensive income 1,828 582
Accumulated deficit (429,222) (404,850)
Total stockholders’ equity 565,586 538,085
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 2,007,892 $ 1,494,568
v3.24.3
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($)
shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Income Statement [Abstract]        
Revenue $ 264,182 $ 230,105 $ 763,278 $ 671,426
Cost of revenue 121,933 111,080 354,877 320,197
Gross profit 142,249 119,025 408,401 351,229
Operating expenses:        
Research and development 42,482 40,391 124,717 117,709
Sales and marketing 78,615 73,366 238,056 223,757
General and administrative 36,575 31,006 101,111 89,741
Total operating expenses 157,672 144,763 463,884 431,207
Loss from operations (15,423) (25,738) (55,483) (79,978)
Other income (expense), net:        
Interest expense (4,068) (1,972) (10,541) (5,683)
Gain on early extinguishment of debt 0 0 6,615 0
Interest income and other 11,144 8,233 35,503 18,477
Total other income (expense), net 7,076 6,261 31,577 12,794
Loss before income taxes (8,347) (19,477) (23,906) (67,184)
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes (3,868) 942 466 2,222
Net loss $ (4,479) $ (20,419) $ (24,372) $ (69,406)
Net loss per share:        
Basic (in USD per share) $ (0.06) $ (0.28) $ (0.33) $ (0.97)
Diluted (in USD per share) $ (0.06) $ (0.28) $ (0.33) $ (0.97)
Shares used in computing net loss per share:        
Basic (in shares) 74,876 72,356 74,192 71,751
Diluted (in shares) 74,876 72,356 74,192 71,751
Comprehensive Loss:        
Net loss $ (4,479) $ (20,419) $ (24,372) $ (69,406)
Other comprehensive income 2,330 599 1,246 1,890
Comprehensive loss $ (2,149) $ (19,820) $ (23,126) $ (67,516)
v3.24.3
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY - USD ($)
shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands
Total
Common Stock
Additional Paid-In Capital
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Accumulated Deficit
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022   71,047      
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022 $ 309,965 $ 71 $ 635,668 $ (2,688) $ (323,086)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]          
Issuance of common stock upon partial conversion of the 2023 convertible senior notes (in shares)   2      
Issuance of common stock upon partial conversion of the 2023 convertible senior notes 0   0    
Settlement at maturity of the outstanding capped calls and retirement of common stock related to the 2023 convertible senior notes (in shares)   (371)      
Settlement at maturity of the outstanding capped calls and retirement of common stock related to the 2023 convertible senior notes 74,453   74,453    
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)   436      
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options 8,315   8,315    
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)   1,378      
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units 1 $ 2 (1)    
Issuance of common stock under ESPP (in shares)   204      
Issuance of common stock under ESPP 9,444   9,444    
Stock-based compensation 159,208   159,208    
Other comprehensive income 1,890     1,890  
Net loss (69,406)       (69,406)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023   72,696      
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023 493,870 $ 73 887,087 (798) (392,492)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023   72,180      
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2023 458,799 $ 72 832,197 (1,397) (372,073)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]          
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)   57      
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options 1,334   1,334    
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)   459      
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units 0 $ 1 (1)    
Stock-based compensation 53,557   53,557    
Other comprehensive income 599     599  
Net loss (20,419)       (20,419)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023   72,696      
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023 493,870 $ 73 887,087 (798) (392,492)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023   73,317      
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023 538,085 $ 73 942,280 582 (404,850)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]          
Issuance of new capped calls associated with the 2029 convertible senior notes (93,438)   (93,438)    
Settlement at maturity of the outstanding capped calls and retirement of common stock related to the 2023 convertible senior notes 539   539    
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)   21      
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options 423   423    
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)   1,661      
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units 2 $ 2      
Issuance of common stock under ESPP (in shares)   209      
Issuance of common stock under ESPP 9,522   9,522    
Stock-based compensation 133,579   133,579    
Other comprehensive income 1,246     1,246  
Net loss (24,372)       (24,372)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024   75,208      
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2024 565,586 $ 75 992,905 1,828 (429,222)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024   74,719      
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2024 525,878 $ 75 951,048 (502) (424,743)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]          
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)   6      
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options 26   26    
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)   483      
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units 0 $ 0      
Stock-based compensation 41,831   41,831    
Other comprehensive income 2,330     2,330  
Net loss (4,479)       (4,479)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024   75,208      
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2024 $ 565,586 $ 75 $ 992,905 $ 1,828 $ (429,222)
v3.24.3
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities:    
Net loss $ (24,372) $ (69,406)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:    
Depreciation and amortization 38,265 35,553
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets 10,631 9,234
Amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs 52,152 40,088
Accretion of discount on marketable investments (16,833) (7,684)
Provision for credit losses 806 795
Stock-based compensation 127,872 156,721
Amortization of discount and issuance costs on convertible senior notes 3,991 2,793
Gain on early extinguishment of debt (6,615) 0
Impairment charge of an equity investment 1,250 0
Interest on finance lease obligations 258 77
Deferred taxes 441 438
Tax benefit of valuation allowance associated with an acquisition (4,831) 0
Other (145) 592
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:    
Accounts receivable (15,559) (6,661)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (9,562) (6,537)
Deferred contract acquisition costs (76,288) (68,410)
Other assets (1,452) (4,892)
Accounts payable 8,651 5,562
Accrued and other current liabilities 5,380 (1,149)
Deferred revenue 184 1,544
Other liabilities (871) 3,636
Net cash provided by operating activities 93,353 92,294
Cash flows from investing activities:    
Purchases of marketable investments (993,483) (544,713)
Proceeds from sales of marketable investments 93,995 971
Proceeds from maturities of marketable investments 829,122 415,117
Purchases of property and equipment (33,097) (19,941)
Capitalization of software development costs (14,211) (5,820)
Net cash used in investing activities (284,741) (234,974)
Cash flows from financing activities:    
Proceeds from issuance of 2029 convertible senior notes, net of issuance costs 728,843 0
Payments for capped call transactions associated with the 2029 convertible senior notes (93,438) 0
Repurchase of a portion of 2025 convertible senior notes, net of costs (304,485) 0
Repayment of outstanding 2023 convertible senior notes at maturity 0 (169)
Cash received from the settlement at maturity of the outstanding capped calls associated with the 2023 convertible senior notes 0 74,453
Cash received from partial termination of capped calls associated with the 2025 convertible senior notes 539 0
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options 423 8,315
Proceeds from sale of common stock under ESPP 9,522 9,444
Payment of holdback related to an acquisition 0 (500)
Payment of finance lease liabilities (2,006) (496)
Net cash provided by financing activities 339,398 91,047
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 148,010 (51,633)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash:    
Beginning of period 144,842 180,987
End of period 292,852 129,354
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow data:    
Cash paid for interest 5,764 1,956
Cash paid for income taxes 3,337 1,124
Non-cash investing and financing activities:    
Property and equipment unpaid at period-end 12,944 11,419
Capitalization of leasehold improvements and furniture and fixtures through non-cash lease incentive 37 0
Acquisition and related transaction costs accrued at period-end 591 330
Stock-based compensation included in capitalized software development costs 5,707 2,487
Acqueon Inc.    
Cash flows from investing activities:    
Cash paid to acquire Aceyus, Inc. (167,166) 0
Aceyus, Inc.    
Cash flows from investing activities:    
Cash paid to acquire $ 99 $ (80,588)
v3.24.3
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Sep. 30, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash to the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets        
Cash and cash equivalents $ 290,959 $ 143,201 $ 127,828 $ 180,520
Restricted cash in other assets 1,893 1,641 1,526 467
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 292,852 $ 144,842 $ 129,354 $ 180,987
v3.24.3
Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Five9, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Company”) is a provider of cloud software for contact centers. The Company was incorporated in Delaware in 2001 and is headquartered in San Ramon, California. The Company has offices in Europe, Asia and Australia, which primarily provide research, development, sales, marketing, and client support services.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Therefore, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. In the opinion of management, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, necessary for fair financial statement presentation. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The significant estimates made by management affect revenue and related reserves, as well as the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed through business combinations and the fair value of performance-based restricted stock units ("PRSUs"). Management periodically evaluates such estimates and they are adjusted prospectively based upon such periodic evaluation. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Significant Accounting Policies
There have been no material changes from the significant accounting policies previously disclosed in Part II, Item 8, of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 as filed with the SEC on February 22, 2024.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective
In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ ASU”) No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which provides updates to qualitative and quantitative reportable segment disclosure requirements, including enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses and increased interim disclosure requirements, among others. This ASU is effective for the Company’s fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted, and the amendments should be applied retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statement disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This ASU requires disclosure of specific categories in the effective tax rate reconciliation and additional information on income taxes paid. This ASU is effective for the Company’s fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted and may be adopted on a prospective or retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statement disclosures.
v3.24.3
Revenue
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue Revenue
Contract Balances
The following table provides information about accounts receivable, net, deferred contract acquisition costs, net, contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Accounts receivable, net$116,430 $97,424 
Deferred contract acquisition costs, net:
Current$72,534 $61,711 
Non-current149,885 136,571 
Total deferred contract acquisition costs, net$222,419 $198,282 
Contract assets and contract liabilities:
Contract assets (included in prepaid expenses and other current assets)$6,497 $4,106 
Contract liabilities (deferred revenue) (80,000)(68,187)
Noncurrent contract liabilities (deferred revenue) (included in other long-term liabilities)(627)(1,350)
Net contract liabilities$(74,130)$(65,431)
The Company receives payments from customers based upon billing cycles. Invoice payment terms are usually 30 days or less. Accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional.
Deferred contract acquisition costs are recorded when incurred and are amortized over an estimated customer benefit period of five years.
The Company’s contract assets consist of unbilled amounts typically resulting from professional services revenue recognition when it exceeds the total amounts billed to the customer. The Company’s contract liabilities consist of advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized.
In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized revenue of $5.6 million and $52.3 million, respectively, related to its contract liabilities at December 31, 2023.
Remaining Performance Obligations
As of September 30, 2024, the aggregate amount of the total transaction price allocated in contracts with original duration of greater than one year to the remaining performance obligations was $1,100.4 million. The Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately three-fourths of the remaining performance obligations over the next 24 months, with the balance recognized thereafter. The Company excludes amounts for remaining performance obligations that are part of contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less. Such remaining performance obligations represent unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations.
v3.24.3
Investments and Fair Value Measurements
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Investments and Fair Value Measurements Investments and Fair Value Measurements
Marketable Investments
The Company’s marketable investments have been classified and accounted for as available-for-sale. The Company’s intent is that all marketable investments are available for use in its current operations, including marketable investments with maturity dates greater than one year from September 30, 2024. The Company’s
marketable investments as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2024
Short-Term Marketable InvestmentsCostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
Certificates of deposit$1,545 $$— $1,547 
U.S. treasury securities507,567 841 (23)508,385 
U.S. agency and government-sponsored securities113,260 40 (9)113,291 
Commercial paper9,947 21 — 9,968 
Corporate bonds42,246 274 (7)42,513 
Total$674,565 $1,178 $(39)$675,704 
December 31, 2023
Short-Term Marketable InvestmentsCostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
Certificates of deposit$1,463 $— $— $1,463 
U.S. treasury securities315,608 191 (362)315,437 
U.S. agency and government-sponsored securities239,358 78 (177)239,259 
Commercial paper17,382 — 17,391 
Municipal bonds927 — 928 
Corporate bonds12,630 (16)12,618 
Total$587,368 $283 $(555)$587,096 
The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and the fair value for those marketable investments that were in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Gross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
U.S. treasury securities$(23)$60,477 $(362)$79,644 
U.S. agency and government-sponsored securities(9)36,341 (177)165,493 
Corporate bonds(7)8,385 (16)7,550 
Total$(39)$105,203 $(555)$252,687 
Although the Company had certain available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2024, no impairment loss was recorded since it did not intend to sell them, did not anticipate a need to sell them, and the decline in fair value was not due to any credit-related factors.
The amortized cost and fair value of the Company’s marketable investments by contractual maturity as of September 30, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):
CostFair Value
Due within one year$550,615 $551,485 
Due after one year through two years123,950 124,219 
Total$674,565 $675,704 

Fair Value Measurements
The Company carries cash equivalents and marketable investments at fair value. Fair value is based on the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is estimated by applying the following hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:
Level 1 — Observable inputs, which include unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 — Observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs, such as quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are based on management’s assumptions, including fair value measurements determined by using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques.
The Company determined the fair value of its Level 1 financial instruments, which are traded in active markets, using quoted market prices for identical instruments.
Marketable investments classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are valued based on other observable inputs, including broker or dealer quotations or alternative pricing sources. When quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities are not available, the Company relies on non-binding quotes from its investment managers, which are based on proprietary valuation models of independent pricing services. These models generally use inputs such as observable market data, quoted market prices for similar instruments, historical pricing trends of a security as relative to its peers. To validate the fair value determination provided by its investment managers, the Company reviews the pricing movement in the context of overall market trends and trading information from its investment managers. The Company performs routine procedures such as comparing prices obtained from independent sources to ensure that appropriate fair values are recorded.
The following tables set forth the Company’s assets measured at fair value by level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
September 30, 2024
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets
Cash equivalents
Money market funds$157,556 $— $— $157,556 
U.S. treasury securities17,769 — — 17,769 
Total cash equivalents$175,325 $— $— $175,325 
Marketable investments
Certificates of deposit$— $1,547 $— $1,547 
U.S. treasury securities508,385 — — 508,385 
U.S. agency and government sponsored securities— 113,291 — 113,291 
Commercial paper— 9,968 — 9,968 
Corporate bonds— 42,513 — 42,513 
Total marketable investments$508,385 $167,319 $— $675,704 
December 31, 2023
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets
Cash equivalents
Money market funds$66,661 $— $— $66,661 
Certificates of deposit— 493 — 493 
U.S. treasury securities4,983 — — 4,983 
Commercial paper— 1,498 — 1,498 
Total cash equivalents$71,644 $1,991 $— $73,635 
Marketable investments
Certificates of deposit$— $1,463 $— $1,463 
U.S. treasury securities315,437 — — 315,437 
U.S. agency and government-sponsored securities— 239,259 — 239,259 
Commercial paper— 17,391 — 17,391 
Municipal bonds— 928 — 928 
Corporate bonds— 12,618 — 12,618 
Total marketable investments$315,437 $271,659 $— $587,096 
In March 2024, the Company issued $747.5 million aggregate principal amount of 1.00% convertible senior notes due 2029 (the "2029 convertible senior notes") in a private offering. In connection with the issuance of the 2029 convertible senior notes, the Company used part of the net proceeds from the issuance to repurchase approximately $313.1 million aggregate principal amount of its 0.50% convertible senior notes due 2025 (the "2025 convertible senior notes"). As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the estimated fair value of the Company's outstanding 2025 convertible senior notes was $419.4 million and $718.3 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, the estimated fair value of the Company's outstanding 2029 convertible senior notes was $628.0 million. The fair values were determined based on the quoted price of the convertible senior notes in an inactive market on the last trading day of the reporting period and have been classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. See Note 6 for further information on the Company’s convertible senior notes.
In February 2022, the Company made a $2.0 million equity investment in a privately-held company that the Company does not have the ability to exercise significant influence over. The Company elected to utilize the measurement alternative for an equity security without a readily determinable fair value. Accordingly, this investment is accounted for at its cost minus impairment, if any, and is classified within Level 3. If the Company identifies observable price changes in orderly transactions for such investment or a similar investment, it will measure the investment at fair value as of the date that the observable transactions or events occurred. During the third quarter of 2024, the Company noted an indicator of impairment of this investment and recorded a $1.3 million impairment charge.
Except for the equity investment described above, there were no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
The fair value of the Company’s other financial instruments, including accounts receivable, accounts payable and other current liabilities, approximate their carrying value due to the relatively short maturity of those instruments. The carrying amounts of the Company’s operating and finance leases approximate their fair value, which is the present value of expected future cash payments based on assumptions about current interest rates and the creditworthiness of the Company.
v3.24.3
Financial Statement Components
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Financial Statement Components Financial Statement Components
Cash and cash equivalents consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Cash$115,634 $69,566 
Money market funds157,556 66,661 
Certificates of deposit— 493 
U.S. treasury securities17,769 4,983 
Commercial paper— 1,498 
Total cash and cash equivalents$290,959 $143,201 
Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Trade accounts receivable$105,103 $86,912 
Unbilled trade accounts receivable, net of advance client deposits11,668 10,776 
Provision for credit losses(341)(264)
Accounts receivable, net$116,430 $97,424 
There was one client that represented 17% and 11% of accounts receivable as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively,
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Prepaid expenses$33,919 $22,023 
Other current assets8,224 8,493 
Contract assets6,497 4,106 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets$48,640 $34,622 
Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Computer and network equipment$180,998 $155,997 
Computer software67,105 59,452 
Internal-use software development costs39,345 19,734 
Furniture and fixtures5,129 4,666 
Leasehold improvements7,179 6,425 
Property and equipment299,756 246,274 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization(163,704)(137,702)
Property and equipment, net$136,052 $108,572 
Depreciation and amortization expense associated with property and equipment was $9.9 million and $29.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expense associated with property and equipment was $9.3 million and $26.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.
Other assets consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Other assets$13,176 $10,433 
Equity investment in a privately-held company750 2,000 
Deferred tax assets3,839 3,766 
Other assets$17,765 $16,199 
Accrued and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Accrued expenses$25,833 $18,282 
Accrued compensation and benefits50,580 35,927 
Accrued federal fees3,891 4,166 
Sales tax liabilities3,993 3,756 
Accrued and other current liabilities$84,297 $62,131 
Other long-term liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Deferred revenue$627 $1,350 
Sales tax liabilities476 926 
Other long-term liabilities6,338 5,612 
Other long-term liabilities$7,441 $7,888 
v3.24.3
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill of $138.2 million and intangible assets of $39.9 million were recorded as a result of the Company's acquisition of Acqueon Inc. ("Acqueon") in August 2024. See Note 13 for further details. The following table summarizes the activity in the Company's goodwill and intangible asset balances during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 (in thousands):
GoodwillIntangible Assets
Beginning of the period, December 31, 2023$227,412 $38,323 
  Addition (Acqueon)138,181 39,900 
  Measurement period adjustment (Aceyus)(143)— 
  Amortization— (8,492)
End of the period, September 30, 2024$365,450 $69,731 
The components of intangible assets were as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountWeighted Average Remaining Amortization period (Years)Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountWeighted Average Remaining Amortization period (Years)
Developed technology$105,714 $(47,881)$57,833 6.5$75,314 $(40,327)$34,987 5.2
Acquired workforce470 (470)— 0.0470 (470)— 0.0
Customer relationships12,850 (2,039)10,811 4.64,150 (1,252)2,898 4.1
Trademarks1,300 (213)1,087 2.61,000 (562)438 2.6
Total$120,334 $(50,603)$69,731 6.1$80,934 $(42,611)$38,323 5.1
Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $3.2 million and $8.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $3.2 million and $8.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.
As of September 30, 2024, the expected future amortization expense for intangible assets was as follows (in thousands):
PeriodExpected Future Amortization Expense
Remaining 2024$4,100 
202514,466 
202613,008 
20278,612 
20288,246 
Thereafter21,299 
Total$69,731 
v3.24.3
Debt
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Debt Debt
Repurchase Transaction
In connection with the issuance of the 2029 convertible senior notes on March 1, 2024, the Company used part of the net proceeds from the issuance to repurchase approximately $313.1 million aggregate principal amount of
the outstanding 2025 convertible senior notes in privately-negotiated transactions for aggregate cash consideration of approximately $304.9 million (the “Repurchase Transaction”).
The Repurchase Transaction was accounted for as a debt extinguishment. The difference between the consideration used to extinguish the 2025 convertible senior notes and the carrying value of the 2025 convertible senior notes (including unamortized debt discount and issuance costs) resulted in an extinguishment gain of approximately $6.6 million recorded through Other income (expense), net on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
In connection with the Repurchase Transaction, the Company also entered into a partial termination agreement with each bank counterparty and unwound a corresponding portion of the previously purchased capped call instruments entered into in connection with the issuance of the 2025 convertible senior notes (the “2025 Capped Calls”). The Company received approximately $0.5 million in cash in connection with these partial terminations, representing the fair value at the date of settlement of the unwound 2025 Capped Calls.
2029 Convertible Senior Notes and Related Capped Call Transactions
In March 2024, the Company issued $747.5 million aggregate principal amount of 2029 convertible senior notes in a private offering, which aggregate principal amount included the exercise in full of the initial purchasers’ option to purchase up to an additional $97.5 million principal amount of the 2029 convertible senior notes. The 2029 convertible senior notes mature on March 15, 2029 and bear interest at a fixed rate of 1.00% per annum, payable semiannually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning on September 15, 2024. The total net proceeds from the issuance of the 2029 convertible senior notes, after deducting initial purchasers' discounts and commissions and estimated debt issuance costs, were approximately $728.8 million.
Each $1,000 principal amount of the 2029 convertible senior notes is initially convertible into 12.5918 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “2029 Conversion Option”), which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $79.42 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events. The initial conversion price represents a premium of approximately 30% to the $61.09 per share closing price of the Company’s common stock on The Nasdaq Global Market on February 27, 2024. There have been no changes to the initial conversion price of the 2029 convertible senior notes since issuance. The 2029 convertible senior notes are convertible, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at the option of the holders prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding December 15, 2028, only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on June 30, 2024 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “2029 Measurement Period”) in which the trading price (as defined in the 2029 Indenture governing the 2029 convertible senior notes) per $1,000 principal amount of the 2029 convertible senior notes for each trading day of the 2029 Measurement Period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate in effect on each such trading day; (3) if the Company calls any or all of the 2029 convertible senior notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or (4) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. On or after December 15, 2028 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert all or any portion of their 2029 convertible senior notes, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at the option of the holder regardless of the foregoing circumstances.
Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election. If the Company undergoes a fundamental change (as defined in the indenture governing the 2029 convertible senior notes), subject to certain conditions, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their 2029 convertible senior notes, in principal amounts of $1,000 or a multiple thereof, at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2029 convertible senior notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. In addition, following certain corporate events or if the Company issues a notice of redemption, it will, under certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for holders who elect to convert their notes in connection with such corporate event or during the relevant redemption period.
The closing market price of the Company's common stock of $28.73 per share on September 30, 2024, the last trading day during the three months ended September 30, 2024, was below $103.24 per share, which represents 130% of the initial conversion price of $79.42 per share. Additionally, the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day, September 30, 2024, was not greater than or equal to 130% of
the initial conversion price. As such, during the three months ended September 30, 2024, the conditions allowing holders of the 2029 convertible senior notes to convert were not met. The 2029 convertible senior notes are therefore not convertible during the three months ending December 31, 2024.
The Company may not redeem the 2029 convertible senior notes prior to March 22, 2027. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the 2029 convertible senior notes, at its option, on or after March 22, 2027 and prior to December 15, 2028, if the last reported sale price of its common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2029 convertible senior notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date. However, the Company may not redeem less than all of the outstanding 2029 convertible senior notes unless at least $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2029 convertible senior notes are outstanding and not called for redemption at the time the redemption notice is sent. No sinking fund is provided for the 2029 convertible senior notes.
The 2029 convertible senior notes are the Company’s senior unsecured obligations and rank senior in right of payment to any of the Company’s indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the 2029 convertible senior notes; equal in right of payment to any of the Company’s unsecured indebtedness that is not so subordinated (including the 2025 convertible senior notes); effectively junior in right of payment to any of the Company’s secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities.
The net carrying amount of the 2029 convertible senior notes as of September 30, 2024 was as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2024
Principal$747,500 
Unamortized issuance costs(16,568)
Net carrying amount$730,932 
Interest expense related to the 2029 convertible senior notes was as follows (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2024
Contractual interest expense$1,869 $4,360 
Amortization of issuance costs920 2,090 
Total interest expense$2,789 $6,450 
The debt issuance costs are amortized into interest expense over the term of the 2029 convertible senior notes at an effective interest rate of 1.49%.
In connection with the issuance of the 2029 convertible senior notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (each a “2029 Capped Call,” and collectively the "2029 Capped Calls") with certain financial institutions. The 2029 Capped Call has an initial strike price of approximately $79.42, subject to certain adjustments, which corresponds to the initial conversion price of the 2029 convertible senior notes. The 2029 Capped Calls have an initial cap price of $122.18 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The 2029 Capped Calls are expected to partially offset the potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of the 2029 convertible senior notes, with such offset subject to a cap based on the cap price. Each 2029 Capped Call covers, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, approximately 9.4 million shares of the Company’s common stock. The 2029 Capped Call is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified extraordinary events affecting the Company, including merger events, tender offers, and announcement events. In addition, each 2029 Capped Call is subject to certain specified additional disruption events that may give rise to a termination of the 2029 Capped Calls, including nationalization, insolvency or delisting, changes in law, failures to deliver, insolvency filings, and hedging disruptions. For accounting purposes, each 2029 Capped Call is treated as a separate transaction from, and not part of the terms of the 2029 convertible senior notes. As these transactions meet certain accounting criteria, the 2029 Capped Calls are recorded in stockholders' equity and are not accounted for as derivatives. The 2029 Capped Calls will not be remeasured as long as they continue to meet the conditions for equity classification.
2025 Convertible Senior Notes and Related Capped Call Transactions
In May and June 2020, the Company issued $747.5 million aggregate principal amount of 2025 convertible senior notes in a private offering, which aggregate principal amount included the exercise in full of the initial purchasers’ option to purchase up to an additional $97.5 million principal amount of the 2025 convertible senior notes. The 2025 convertible senior notes mature on June 1, 2025 and bear interest at a fixed rate of 0.500% per annum, payable semiannually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on December 1, 2020. The total net proceeds from the issuance of the 2025 convertible senior notes, after deducting initial purchasers' discounts and commissions and estimated debt issuance costs, were approximately $728.8 million.
In March 2024, the Company used part of the net proceeds from the issuance of the 2029 convertible senior notes to repurchase $313.1 million aggregate principal amount of the 2025 convertible senior notes in privately-negotiated transactions. As of September 30, 2024, after giving effect to the Repurchase Transaction, approximately $434.4 million aggregate principal amount of 2025 convertible senior notes remained outstanding.
Each $1,000 principal amount of the 2025 convertible senior notes is initially convertible into 7.4437 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “2025 Conversion Option”), which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $134.34 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events. The initial conversion price represents a premium of approximately 30% to the $103.34 per share closing price of the Company’s common stock on The Nasdaq Global Market on May 21, 2020. There have been no changes to the initial conversion price of the 2025 convertible senior notes since issuance. The 2025 convertible senior notes are convertible, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at the option of the holders prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding March 1, 2025, only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 2020 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “2025 Measurement Period”) in which the trading price (as defined in the 2025 Indenture governing the 2025 convertible senior notes) per $1,000 principal amount of the 2025 convertible senior notes for each trading day of the 2025 Measurement Period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate in effect on each such trading day; (3) if the Company calls any or all of the 2025 convertible senior notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or (4) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. On or after March 1, 2025 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert all or any portion of their 2025 convertible senior notes, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at the option of the holder regardless of the foregoing circumstances. 
Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election. If the Company undergoes a fundamental change (as defined in the indenture governing the 2025 convertible senior notes), subject to certain conditions, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their 2025 convertible senior notes, in principal amounts of $1,000 or a multiple thereof, at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2025 convertible senior notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. In addition, following certain corporate events or if the Company issues a notice of redemption, it will, under certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for holders who elect to convert their notes in connection with such corporate event or during the relevant redemption period.
The closing market price of the Company's common stock of $28.73 per share on September 30, 2024, the last trading day during the three months ended September 30, 2024, was below $174.64 per share, which represents 130% of the initial conversion price of $134.34 per share. Additionally, the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day, September 30, 2024, was not greater than or equal to 130% of the initial conversion price. As such, during the three months ended September 30, 2024, the conditions allowing holders of the 2025 convertible senior notes to convert were not met. The 2025 convertible senior notes are therefore not convertible during the three months ending December 31, 2024.
The 2025 convertible senior notes became redeemable at the Company's option on June 6, 2023. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the 2025 convertible senior notes, at its option, prior to March 1, 2025, if the last reported sale price of its common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending not more than two trading days immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2025
convertible senior notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the 2025 convertible senior notes. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the conditions allowing the Company to redeem for cash all or any portion of the 2025 convertible senior notes were not met.
The 2025 convertible senior notes are the Company’s senior unsecured obligations and rank senior in right of payment to any of the Company’s indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the 2025 convertible senior notes; equal in right of payment to any of the Company’s unsecured indebtedness that is not so subordinated; effectively junior in right of payment to any of the Company’s secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) of the Company’s subsidiaries.
The net carrying amount of the 2025 convertible senior notes as of September 30, 2024 and as of December 31, 2023 was as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Principal$747,500 $747,500 
Unamortized issuance costs(1,478)(5,375)
Principal repaid(313,095)— 
Net carrying amount$432,927 $742,125 
Interest expense related to the 2025 convertible senior notes was as follows (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Contractual interest expense$543 $934 $1,890 $2,803 
Amortization of issuance costs562 954 1,901 2,793 
Total interest expense$1,105 $1,888 $3,791 $5,596 
The debt issuance costs are amortized into interest expense over the term of the 2025 convertible senior notes at an effective interest rate of 1.00%.
In connection with the issuance of the 2025 convertible senior notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (each a “2025 Capped Call,” and collectively the "2025 Capped Calls") with certain financial institutions. The 2025 Capped Calls each have an initial strike price of approximately $134.34, which corresponds to the initial conversion price of the 2025 convertible senior notes. The initial cap price of the 2025 Capped Calls was $206.68 per share and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the 2025 Capped Calls. In connection with the Repurchase Transaction, the Company unwound a portion of the 2025 Capped Calls. Refer to the Repurchase Transaction section above for further information. There are no changes or amendments made to the remaining 2025 Capped Calls. The remaining 2025 Capped Calls cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, approximately 3.2 million shares of the Company’s common stock. Each 2025 Capped Call is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified extraordinary events affecting the Company, including merger events, tender offers, and announcement events. In addition, each 2025 Capped Call is subject to certain specified additional disruption events that may give rise to a termination of each 2025 Capped Call, including nationalization, insolvency or delisting, changes in law, failures to deliver, insolvency filings, and hedging disruptions. For accounting purposes, each 2025 Capped Call is a separate transaction from, and not part of the terms of the 2025 convertible senior notes. As these transactions meet certain accounting criteria, the 2025 Capped Calls are recorded in stockholders' equity and are not accounted for as derivatives. The 2025 Capped Calls will not be remeasured as long as they continue to meet the conditions for equity classification.
v3.24.3
Stockholders' Equity
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Equity [Abstract]  
Stockholders' Equity Stockholders’ Equity
Capital Structure
Common Stock
The Company is authorized to issue 450,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.001 per share. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had 75,208,409 and 73,316,968 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, respectively.
Preferred Stock
The Company is authorized to designate and issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.001 per share in one or more series without stockholder approval and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions thereof. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding.
Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance
Shares of common stock reserved for future issuance related to outstanding equity awards and employee equity incentive plans as of September 30, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2024
Stock options outstanding891
RSUs (including PRSUs) outstanding5,269
Shares available for future grant under 2014 Plan16,470
Shares available for future issuance under ESPP4,461
Total shares of common stock reserved27,091
Stock Options
A summary of the Company’s stock option activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 is as follows (in thousands, except per share data):
Number of
Shares
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
(Years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023918 $55.96 
Options granted — — 
Options exercised(21)19.86 
Options forfeited or expired(6)136.44 
Outstanding as of September 30, 2024891 56.31 3.9$4,953 
The aggregate intrinsic value amounts are computed based on the difference between the exercise price of the stock options and the fair market value of the Company’s common stock of $28.73 per share as of September 30, 2024 for all in-the-money stock options outstanding.
Restricted Stock Units (including PRSUs)
A summary of the Company’s restricted stock unit ("RSU") activity, including PRSUs, during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 is as follows (in thousands, except per share data):     
Number of SharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Outstanding as of December 31, 20234,076 $83.25 
RSUs granted(1)
3,114 53.32 
RSUs vested and released(1,661)79.87 
RSUs forfeited or cancelled(260)76.86 
Outstanding as of September 30, 20245,269 66.57 
(1) Includes 159,016 PRSUs granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.     
PRSUs with Market and Service Conditions In 2022, the Company granted 284,282 PRSUs subject to market and service conditions (“market-based PRSUs”) with a grant date fair value of $30.6 million as part of its annual grant of equity incentive awards to certain executives and in connection with the appointment of Michael Burkland as its new Chief Executive Officer. In 2023, the Company granted 35,921 market-based PRSUs with a grant date fair value of $3.1 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company granted an additional
159,016 market-based PRSUs with a grant date fair value of $9.6 million. The amount that may be earned pursuant to the market-based PRSUs ranges from 0% to 200% of the target number based on the Company’s relative total shareholder return (“RTSR”) performance as compared to the companies in the S&P Software and Services Select Index during three one-year performance periods. One-third of the total market-based PRSUs may be earned and settled in shares following the end of each performance period based on RTSR performance and subject to continued employment through the payment date. If the Company’s absolute total shareholder return for any performance period is negative, then no more than 100% of the target amount of market-based PRSUs for such period may be earned. If an executive's employment with the Company terminates before the end of the final one-year performance period due to death or disability, 100% (if due to death) or 50% (if due to disability) of the unvested market-based PRSUs may be earned subject to ultimate RTSR performance in each remaining performance period. Upon a qualifying termination of employment in connection with a change in control of the Company, the unvested market-based PRSUs will vest on a double-trigger basis (i) at the target level for the market-based PRSUs subject to the 2022-2024 performance period, (ii) for the market-based PRSUs subject to the 2023-2025 performance period, and (iii) for the market-based PRSUs subject to the 2024-2026 performance period, (a) at the target level for the uncompleted portions of the performance periods and (b) at the actual level of performance measured through the date of the change in control of the Company, based on the price per share paid in such change in control. The fair value of the market-based PRSUs is determined on their grant date using a Monte Carlo Simulation model based upon assumptions presented below. The Company recognizes the fair value of the market-based PRSUs ratably over their requisite service period.
During the first quarter of 2023, the Company certified the performance results for the 2022 measurement period for the market-based PRSUs subject to the 2022-2024 performance period. Under the market-based PRSU agreements, the TSR payout percentage ranges from 0% to 200%, with a 50% payout at the 25th TSR percentile (threshold), 100% payout at the 55th TSR percentile (target), 200% payout at the 90th percentile or greater (maximum) and no payout below the threshold performance level. The Company determined that its actual total shareholder return was -52.64% for 2022, and that its relative total shareholder return ranking was in the 30.2 percentile relative to companies in the S&P Software & Services Select Index, which resulted in a payout percentage of 58.7% of target. During the first quarter of 2024, the Company certified the performance results for the 2023 measurement period for the market-based PRSUs subject to the 2022-2024 performance period. The Company determined that its actual total shareholder return was 19.95% for 2023, and that its relative total shareholder return ranking was in the 53.8 percentile relative to companies in the S&P Software & Services Select Index, which resulted in a payout percentage of 98.0% of target. During the first quarter of 2024, the Company also certified the performance results for the 2023 measurement period for the market-based PRSUs subject to the 2023-2025 performance period. The Company determined that its actual total shareholder return was 19.95% for 2023, and that its relative total shareholder return ranking was in the 50.5 percentile relative to companies in the S&P Software & Services Select Index, which resulted in a payout percentage of 92.5% of target.
PRSUs with Revenue and Service Conditions In 2022, the Company granted 66,167 PRSUs subject to revenue-based performance and service conditions (“revenue-based PRSUs”) with a grant date fair value of $6.6 million. The amount of revenue-based PRSUs that may be earned will be determined based on achievement of two quarterly revenue goals. One third of the revenue-based PRSUs may be earned based on achievement of the first revenue target and, if achieved, will vest in four quarterly installments, with the first installment occurring on the date such achievement is certified, subject to the executive's continuous service through the applicable vesting dates. Two thirds of the revenue-based PRSUs may be earned based on achievement of the second revenue target and, if achieved, will vest in eight quarterly installments, with the first installment occurring on the date such achievement is certified, subject to the executive's continuous service through the applicable vesting dates. The revenue-based PRSUs are otherwise on the Company's standard award terms for its market-based PRSUs. During 2023, the Company certified that the first revenue target was achieved, and thus recognized the related stock-based compensation expense for this first revenue target. However, the Company certified during the first quarter of 2024
that, as of December 31, 2023, the second revenue target was not achieved, and thus did not recognize the related stock-based compensation expense and cancelled the shares associated with this target.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense was as follows (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Cost of revenue$7,512 $9,856 $22,904 $29,077 
Research and development8,244 12,980 29,001 38,375 
Sales and marketing12,490 16,404 40,334 50,840 
General and administrative11,310 13,371 35,633 38,429 
Total stock-based compensation expense$39,556 $52,611 $127,872 $156,721 
As of September 30, 2024, unrecognized stock-based compensation expense by award type and expected weighted-average recognition periods are summarized in the following table (in thousands, except years).
Stock OptionRSU
(excluding PRSUs)
PRSUESPP
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense$1,887 $313,198 $13,419 $549 
Weighted-average amortization period1.0 year2.8 years1.5 years0.1 years
The weighted-average assumptions used to value PRSUs with market conditions granted during the periods presented were as follows:
PRSUs (Market Conditions)
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Closing price of common stock as of grant date— — $63.38 $68.15 
Expected term (years)— — 2.852.84
Volatility— — 49.4 51.1 %
Risk-free interest rate— — 4.5 %4.5 %
Dividend yield (1)
— — — — 
(1)The Company has not paid, and does not anticipate paying, cash dividends on its shares of common stock. Accordingly, the expected dividend yield is zero.
v3.24.3
Net Loss Per Share
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Net Loss Per Share Net Loss Per Share
Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, and excludes any dilutive effects of employee stock-based awards and potential shares upon conversion of the convertible senior notes. Diluted net loss per share is computed giving effect to all potentially dilutive shares of common stock, including common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options, vesting of RSUs and PRSUs, and shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of convertible senior notes. As the Company had net losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, all potentially issuable shares of common stock were determined to be anti-dilutive.
The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except per share data):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Net loss$(4,479)$(20,419)$(24,372)$(69,406)
Weighted-average shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share74,876 72,356 74,192 71,751 
Basic and diluted net loss per share$(0.06)$(0.28)$(0.33)$(0.97)
The following securities were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Stock options891 973 891 973 
RSUs (including PRSUs)
5,269 4,378 5,269 4,378 
Convertible senior notes
12,646 5,564 11,069 5,566 
Total18,806 10,915 17,229 10,917 
The Company used the if-converted method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of its convertible senior notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Under this method, the Company calculates diluted earnings per share under both the cash and share settlement assumptions to determine which is more dilutive. If share settlement is more dilutive, the Company calculates diluted earnings per share assuming that all of the convertible senior notes were converted solely into shares of common stock at the beginning of the reporting period. The potential impact upon the conversion of the convertible senior notes were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 because the effect would have been anti-dilutive.
v3.24.3
Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The (benefit from) provision for income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was approximately $(3.9) million and $0.5 million, respectively. The provision for income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was approximately $0.9 million and $2.2 million, respectively.

The benefit from income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily related to the Company's acquisition of Acqueon, which included a domestic net deferred tax liability balance of $4.8 million and provided the Company with a source of taxable income to release a portion of its U.S.valuation allowance. The provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 consisted primarily of U.S. federal and U.S. state tax expense as a result of IRC Section 174 research and experimental capitalization requirements and tax attribute utilization limitations, and foreign current income tax expense as a result from income produced by the Company's intercompany cost-plus operating model, which were partially offset by the benefit related to the Company's acquisition of Acqueon, discussed above. The provision for income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 consisted primarily of current U.S. state tax expense due to the lack of available net operating losses to offset the taxable income generated and foreign income tax expense due to the Company's intercompany cost-plus operating model.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the (benefit from) provision for income taxes differed from the statutory amount primarily due to the domestic full valuation allowance position maintained against the domestic net deferred tax assets, and the partial release discussed above. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the provision for income taxes differed from the statutory amount primarily due to domestic state income taxes, foreign income taxes and the Company realizing no benefit for prior year domestic losses due to maintaining a full valuation allowance against its domestic net deferred tax assets.
The realization of tax benefits from deferred tax assets is dependent upon future levels of taxable income, of an appropriate character, to be recognized in the periods the items are expected to be deductible or taxable. Based on the weight of the available objective evidence, the Company does not believe it is more likely than not that the U.S. net deferred tax assets will be realizable. Accordingly, the Company has provided a full valuation allowance against
such net deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Company intends to maintain the valuation allowance until sufficient positive evidence exists to support a reversal of, or decrease in, the valuation allowance. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, there were no material changes to the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits.
v3.24.3
Commitments and Contingencies
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Commitments and Contingencies Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments
The Company’s principal commitments consist of future payment obligations under its convertible senior notes, finance leases to finance data centers and other computer and networking equipment, operating leases for office facilities, cloud services and software and maintenance agreements, and agreements with third parties to provide co-location hosting and telecommunication services. These commitments as of December 31, 2023 are disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, and material updates to these commitments during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 are disclosed herein, including in this Note 10 and in Note 12.
As of September 30, 2024, the Company’s commitments under various co-location hosting and telecommunications agreements totaled $11.7 million for terms ranging up to 58 months. These agreements require the Company to make monthly payments over the service term in exchange for certain network services.
As of September 30, 2024, the Company had outstanding cloud services and software and maintenance agreement commitments totaling $42.1 million, of which $0.4 million is expected to be purchased in the remainder of 2024, $21.9 million is expected to be purchased in 2025, and the remaining $19.8 million is expected to be purchased in 2026. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company entered into equipment finance lease arrangements that resulted in a $17.2 million additional reduction of its outstanding cloud services commitment. See Note 12 for more information.
As of September 30, 2024, (i) $434.4 million of aggregate principal of the 2025 convertible senior notes was outstanding and is due on June 1, 2025, and (ii) $747.5 million of aggregate principal of the 2029 convertible senior notes was outstanding and is due on March 15, 2029. See Note 6 for more information concerning the convertible senior notes.
Legal Matters
The Company is involved in various legal and regulatory matters arising in the normal course of business. In management’s opinion, resolution of these matters is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, cash flows, or its financial position. However, due to the uncertain nature of legal matters, an unfavorable resolution of a matter could materially affect the Company’s future consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position in a particular period. The Company expenses legal fees as incurred.
Indemnification Agreements
In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into agreements of varying scope and terms pursuant to which it agrees to indemnify clients, vendors, lessors, business partners and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of breach of such agreements, including breach of security, services to be provided by the Company or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. In addition, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors, officers and certain employees that requires it, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors, officers or employees. There are no claims that the Company is aware of that could have a material effect on the consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, or consolidated statements of cash flows.
v3.24.3
Geographical Information
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Geographical Information Geographical Information
The following table summarizes revenues by geographic region based on client billing address (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
United States$235,274 $205,679 $679,066 $599,259 
International28,908 24,426 84,212 72,167 
Total revenue$264,182 $230,105 $763,278 $671,426 
The following table summarizes total property and equipment, net in the respective locations (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
United States$123,793 $101,567 
International12,259 7,005 
Property and equipment, net$136,052 $108,572 
v3.24.3
Leases
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Leases [Abstract]  
Leases Leases
The Company has leases for offices, data centers and computer and networking equipment that expire at various dates through 2031. The Company’s leases have remaining terms of one to seven years, some of the leases include a Company option to extend the leases for up to one to five years, and some of the leases include the option to terminate the leases upon 30-days' notice. The Company does not separate lease and non-lease components for real estate operating leases. The Company entered into three-year equipment finance lease agreements and recognized $18.6 million right of use assets during the three months ended September 30, 2024, which were reported within "Finance lease right-of-use assets" and are being depreciated on a straight-line basis over the lease term. As a result, the Company also recognized short-term lease liabilities of $5.9 million within "Finance lease liabilities" and long-term lease liabilities of $12.7 million within "Finance lease liabilities - less current portion" for the three months ended September 30, 2024.
The components of lease expenses were as follows (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Operating lease cost$3,933 $3,360 $10,003 $10,112 
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets$950 $491 $1,862 $570 
Interest on finance lease liabilities132 83 262 83 
Total finance lease cost$1,082 $574 $2,124 $653 
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash used in operating leases$(3,125)$(3,001)$(9,344)$(8,319)
Financing cash used in finance leases(1,039)(496)(2,006)(496)
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases10,679 795 11,314 6,273 
Finance leases18,559 2,936 18,559 5,103 
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Operating leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets$43,480 $38,873 
Operating lease liabilities$11,446 $10,731 
Operating lease liabilities — less current portion39,976 36,378 
Total operating lease liabilities$51,422 $47,109 
Finance leases
Finance lease right-of-use assets$21,262 $4,564 
Finance lease liabilities$7,695 $1,767 
Finance lease liabilities — less current portion13,716 2,877 
Total finance lease liabilities$21,411 $4,644 
Weighted average remaining terms were as follows (in years):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Weighted average remaining lease term
Operating leases5.15.7
Finance leases2.82.6
Weighted average discount rates were as follows:
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Weighted average discount rate
Operating leases4.2 %3.8 %
Finance leases5.8 %6.1 %
Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):
Year Ending December 31,Operating LeasesFinance Leases
Remaining 2024$3,489 $2,185 
202512,969 8,685 
202611,042 7,714 
20278,171 4,502 
20286,837 — 
Thereafter14,420 — 
Total future minimum lease payments56,928 23,086 
Less: imputed interest(5,506)(1,675)
Total$51,422 $21,411 
Leases Leases
The Company has leases for offices, data centers and computer and networking equipment that expire at various dates through 2031. The Company’s leases have remaining terms of one to seven years, some of the leases include a Company option to extend the leases for up to one to five years, and some of the leases include the option to terminate the leases upon 30-days' notice. The Company does not separate lease and non-lease components for real estate operating leases. The Company entered into three-year equipment finance lease agreements and recognized $18.6 million right of use assets during the three months ended September 30, 2024, which were reported within "Finance lease right-of-use assets" and are being depreciated on a straight-line basis over the lease term. As a result, the Company also recognized short-term lease liabilities of $5.9 million within "Finance lease liabilities" and long-term lease liabilities of $12.7 million within "Finance lease liabilities - less current portion" for the three months ended September 30, 2024.
The components of lease expenses were as follows (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Operating lease cost$3,933 $3,360 $10,003 $10,112 
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets$950 $491 $1,862 $570 
Interest on finance lease liabilities132 83 262 83 
Total finance lease cost$1,082 $574 $2,124 $653 
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash used in operating leases$(3,125)$(3,001)$(9,344)$(8,319)
Financing cash used in finance leases(1,039)(496)(2,006)(496)
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases10,679 795 11,314 6,273 
Finance leases18,559 2,936 18,559 5,103 
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Operating leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets$43,480 $38,873 
Operating lease liabilities$11,446 $10,731 
Operating lease liabilities — less current portion39,976 36,378 
Total operating lease liabilities$51,422 $47,109 
Finance leases
Finance lease right-of-use assets$21,262 $4,564 
Finance lease liabilities$7,695 $1,767 
Finance lease liabilities — less current portion13,716 2,877 
Total finance lease liabilities$21,411 $4,644 
Weighted average remaining terms were as follows (in years):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Weighted average remaining lease term
Operating leases5.15.7
Finance leases2.82.6
Weighted average discount rates were as follows:
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Weighted average discount rate
Operating leases4.2 %3.8 %
Finance leases5.8 %6.1 %
Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):
Year Ending December 31,Operating LeasesFinance Leases
Remaining 2024$3,489 $2,185 
202512,969 8,685 
202611,042 7,714 
20278,171 4,502 
20286,837 — 
Thereafter14,420 — 
Total future minimum lease payments56,928 23,086 
Less: imputed interest(5,506)(1,675)
Total$51,422 $21,411 
v3.24.3
Acquisitions
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Business Combination, Asset Acquisition, and Joint Venture Formation [Abstract]  
Acquisitions Acquisitions
Acqueon
On August 27, 2024, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of Acqueon for total consideration of approximately $173.8 million. This acquisition, which was accounted for as a business combination, is intended to build on the pre-existing partnership between the companies, and to extend the Company's AI-powered CX platform by adding omnichannel proactive customer engagement to expand Five9’s outbound capabilities.
The excess of the purchase price over identifiable intangible assets and net tangible assets in the amount of $138.2 million was allocated to goodwill, which is not deductible for tax purposes. The fair values assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on management’s best estimates and assumptions as of the acquisition date and are considered preliminary pending finalization of valuation analyses pertaining to intangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed and tax liabilities assumed. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the fair value of these tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. The following table presents the preliminary allocation of the purchase price at the acquisition date (in thousands):
Cash$6,661 
Tangible assets acquired 4,580 
Other assets acquired7,333 
Acquired technology30,400 
Customer relationships 8,700 
Trademarks800 
Goodwill138,181 
Total assets acquired196,655 
Deferred tax liability(4,831)
Liabilities assumed(17,997)
         Total$173,827 
The acquired technology, customer relationships, and trademarks will be amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of eight years, five years, and three years, respectively. The Company used the income approach to estimate the fair value of intangible assets acquired.
In connection with this acquisition, the Company incurred total acquisition-related transaction costs of $2.0 million and $5.3 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, which have been expensed as incurred and included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
The results of operations of this acquisition are included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss from the date of acquisition and are not material to the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.
Aceyus
On August 14, 2023, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of Aceyus, Inc. ("Aceyus") for total cash consideration of approximately $82.0 million. This acquisition, which was accounted for as a business combination, is intended to accelerate the Company's ability to capitalize on two business opportunities, namely facilitating the migration of large enterprise customers from on-premise to cloud and leveraging contextual data to deliver personalized experiences throughout the customer journey, including using this contextual data in the Company's AI & Automation solutions.
The excess of the purchase price over identifiable intangible assets and net tangible assets in the amount of $61.8 million was allocated to goodwill, which is not deductible for tax purposes. The fair values assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on management’s best estimates and assumptions as of the reporting date and are considered final. The Company recorded an adjustment of $0.1 million during the one year from acquisition date measurement period. The following table presents the final allocation of the purchase price at the acquisition date (in thousands):
Cash$1,523 
Tangible assets acquired 383 
Other assets acquired3,002 
Acquired technology19,100 
Customer relationships 2,550 
Trademarks500 
Goodwill61,849 
Total assets acquired88,907 
Liabilities assumed(6,895)
         Total$82,012 
The acquired technology, customer relationships, and trademarks will be amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of eight years, five years, and three years, respectively. The Company used the income approach to estimate the fair value of intangible assets acquired.
In connection with this acquisition, the Company incurred total acquisition-related transaction costs of $2.2 million in 2023, and incurred no additional costs during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, which have been expensed as incurred and included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
The results of operations of this acquisition are included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss from the date of acquisition and are not material to the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.
v3.24.3
Restructuring
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Restructuring Restructuring
On August 20, 2024, the Company announced a reduction in force plan (“Plan”) as part of its broader efforts to drive balanced, profitable growth, further supporting its positive, long-term outlook and focus on increasing shareholder value. The Plan reduced the Company’s global full-time employees by approximately 6%. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company incurred a total of $9.6 million in restructuring costs under the Plan, primarily consisting of notice period payments, severance payments, employee benefits and related costs, all of which are cash expenditures, of which $2.1 million was recorded in cost of revenue, $1.9 million was recorded in research and development expenses, $4.4 million was recorded in sales and marketing expenses, and $1.2 million was recorded in general and administrative expenses. As of September 30, 2024, $3.0 million had been paid and the remaining $6.6 million was recorded within "Accrued and other current liabilities" and is mostly expected to be paid by the fourth quarter of 2024. The Company does not expect to incur any additional costs under this plan.
v3.24.3
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure        
Net loss $ (4,479) $ (20,419) $ (24,372) $ (69,406)
v3.24.3
Insider Trading Arrangements
3 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual  
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false
v3.24.3
Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Therefore, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. In the opinion of management, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, necessary for fair financial statement presentation. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
Use of Estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The significant estimates made by management affect revenue and related reserves, as well as the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed through business combinations and the fair value of performance-based restricted stock units ("PRSUs"). Management periodically evaluates such estimates and they are adjusted prospectively based upon such periodic evaluation. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective
In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ ASU”) No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which provides updates to qualitative and quantitative reportable segment disclosure requirements, including enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses and increased interim disclosure requirements, among others. This ASU is effective for the Company’s fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted, and the amendments should be applied retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statement disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This ASU requires disclosure of specific categories in the effective tax rate reconciliation and additional information on income taxes paid. This ASU is effective for the Company’s fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted and may be adopted on a prospective or retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statement disclosures.
Receivables The Company receives payments from customers based upon billing cycles. Invoice payment terms are usually 30 days or less. Accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional.
Deferred Contract Acquisition
Deferred contract acquisition costs are recorded when incurred and are amortized over an estimated customer benefit period of five years.
Revenue
The Company’s contract assets consist of unbilled amounts typically resulting from professional services revenue recognition when it exceeds the total amounts billed to the customer. The Company’s contract liabilities consist of advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized.
v3.24.3
Revenue (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Schedule of Contract Balances
The following table provides information about accounts receivable, net, deferred contract acquisition costs, net, contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Accounts receivable, net$116,430 $97,424 
Deferred contract acquisition costs, net:
Current$72,534 $61,711 
Non-current149,885 136,571 
Total deferred contract acquisition costs, net$222,419 $198,282 
Contract assets and contract liabilities:
Contract assets (included in prepaid expenses and other current assets)$6,497 $4,106 
Contract liabilities (deferred revenue) (80,000)(68,187)
Noncurrent contract liabilities (deferred revenue) (included in other long-term liabilities)(627)(1,350)
Net contract liabilities$(74,130)$(65,431)
v3.24.3
Investments and Fair Value Measurements (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Schedule of Marketable Investments
The Company’s marketable investments have been classified and accounted for as available-for-sale. The Company’s intent is that all marketable investments are available for use in its current operations, including marketable investments with maturity dates greater than one year from September 30, 2024. The Company’s
marketable investments as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2024
Short-Term Marketable InvestmentsCostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
Certificates of deposit$1,545 $$— $1,547 
U.S. treasury securities507,567 841 (23)508,385 
U.S. agency and government-sponsored securities113,260 40 (9)113,291 
Commercial paper9,947 21 — 9,968 
Corporate bonds42,246 274 (7)42,513 
Total$674,565 $1,178 $(39)$675,704 
December 31, 2023
Short-Term Marketable InvestmentsCostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
Certificates of deposit$1,463 $— $— $1,463 
U.S. treasury securities315,608 191 (362)315,437 
U.S. agency and government-sponsored securities239,358 78 (177)239,259 
Commercial paper17,382 — 17,391 
Municipal bonds927 — 928 
Corporate bonds12,630 (16)12,618 
Total$587,368 $283 $(555)$587,096 
Schedule of Gross Unrealized Losses and Fair Value of Marketable Investments
The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and the fair value for those marketable investments that were in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Gross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
U.S. treasury securities$(23)$60,477 $(362)$79,644 
U.S. agency and government-sponsored securities(9)36,341 (177)165,493 
Corporate bonds(7)8,385 (16)7,550 
Total$(39)$105,203 $(555)$252,687 
Schedule of Assets Carried at Fair Value
The amortized cost and fair value of the Company’s marketable investments by contractual maturity as of September 30, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):
CostFair Value
Due within one year$550,615 $551,485 
Due after one year through two years123,950 124,219 
Total$674,565 $675,704 
The following tables set forth the Company’s assets measured at fair value by level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
September 30, 2024
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets
Cash equivalents
Money market funds$157,556 $— $— $157,556 
U.S. treasury securities17,769 — — 17,769 
Total cash equivalents$175,325 $— $— $175,325 
Marketable investments
Certificates of deposit$— $1,547 $— $1,547 
U.S. treasury securities508,385 — — 508,385 
U.S. agency and government sponsored securities— 113,291 — 113,291 
Commercial paper— 9,968 — 9,968 
Corporate bonds— 42,513 — 42,513 
Total marketable investments$508,385 $167,319 $— $675,704 
December 31, 2023
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets
Cash equivalents
Money market funds$66,661 $— $— $66,661 
Certificates of deposit— 493 — 493 
U.S. treasury securities4,983 — — 4,983 
Commercial paper— 1,498 — 1,498 
Total cash equivalents$71,644 $1,991 $— $73,635 
Marketable investments
Certificates of deposit$— $1,463 $— $1,463 
U.S. treasury securities315,437 — — 315,437 
U.S. agency and government-sponsored securities— 239,259 — 239,259 
Commercial paper— 17,391 — 17,391 
Municipal bonds— 928 — 928 
Corporate bonds— 12,618 — 12,618 
Total marketable investments$315,437 $271,659 $— $587,096 
v3.24.3
Financial Statement Components (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Schedule of Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Cash$115,634 $69,566 
Money market funds157,556 66,661 
Certificates of deposit— 493 
U.S. treasury securities17,769 4,983 
Commercial paper— 1,498 
Total cash and cash equivalents$290,959 $143,201 
Schedule of Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Trade accounts receivable$105,103 $86,912 
Unbilled trade accounts receivable, net of advance client deposits11,668 10,776 
Provision for credit losses(341)(264)
Accounts receivable, net$116,430 $97,424 
Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Prepaid expenses$33,919 $22,023 
Other current assets8,224 8,493 
Contract assets6,497 4,106 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets$48,640 $34,622 
Schedule of Property and Equipment
Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Computer and network equipment$180,998 $155,997 
Computer software67,105 59,452 
Internal-use software development costs39,345 19,734 
Furniture and fixtures5,129 4,666 
Leasehold improvements7,179 6,425 
Property and equipment299,756 246,274 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization(163,704)(137,702)
Property and equipment, net$136,052 $108,572 
Schedule of Other Assets
Other assets consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Other assets$13,176 $10,433 
Equity investment in a privately-held company750 2,000 
Deferred tax assets3,839 3,766 
Other assets$17,765 $16,199 
Schedule of Accrued and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Accrued expenses$25,833 $18,282 
Accrued compensation and benefits50,580 35,927 
Accrued federal fees3,891 4,166 
Sales tax liabilities3,993 3,756 
Accrued and other current liabilities$84,297 $62,131 
Schedule of Other Long-term Liabilities
Other long-term liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Deferred revenue$627 $1,350 
Sales tax liabilities476 926 
Other long-term liabilities6,338 5,612 
Other long-term liabilities$7,441 $7,888 
v3.24.3
Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Intangible Assets and Goodwill The following table summarizes the activity in the Company's goodwill and intangible asset balances during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 (in thousands):
GoodwillIntangible Assets
Beginning of the period, December 31, 2023$227,412 $38,323 
  Addition (Acqueon)138,181 39,900 
  Measurement period adjustment (Aceyus)(143)— 
  Amortization— (8,492)
End of the period, September 30, 2024$365,450 $69,731 
Schedule of Intangible Assets
The components of intangible assets were as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountWeighted Average Remaining Amortization period (Years)Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountWeighted Average Remaining Amortization period (Years)
Developed technology$105,714 $(47,881)$57,833 6.5$75,314 $(40,327)$34,987 5.2
Acquired workforce470 (470)— 0.0470 (470)— 0.0
Customer relationships12,850 (2,039)10,811 4.64,150 (1,252)2,898 4.1
Trademarks1,300 (213)1,087 2.61,000 (562)438 2.6
Total$120,334 $(50,603)$69,731 6.1$80,934 $(42,611)$38,323 5.1
Schedule of Expected Future Amortization Expense of Intangible Assets
As of September 30, 2024, the expected future amortization expense for intangible assets was as follows (in thousands):
PeriodExpected Future Amortization Expense
Remaining 2024$4,100 
202514,466 
202613,008 
20278,612 
20288,246 
Thereafter21,299 
Total$69,731 
v3.24.3
Debt (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2029  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Schedule of Net Carrying Amount of Notes and Impact to Additional Paid-in Capital
The net carrying amount of the 2029 convertible senior notes as of September 30, 2024 was as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2024
Principal$747,500 
Unamortized issuance costs(16,568)
Net carrying amount$730,932 
Schedule of Interest Expense Related to the Notes
Interest expense related to the 2029 convertible senior notes was as follows (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2024
Contractual interest expense$1,869 $4,360 
Amortization of issuance costs920 2,090 
Total interest expense$2,789 $6,450 
Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2025  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Schedule of Net Carrying Amount of Notes and Impact to Additional Paid-in Capital
The net carrying amount of the 2025 convertible senior notes as of September 30, 2024 and as of December 31, 2023 was as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Principal$747,500 $747,500 
Unamortized issuance costs(1,478)(5,375)
Principal repaid(313,095)— 
Net carrying amount$432,927 $742,125 
Schedule of Interest Expense Related to the Notes
Interest expense related to the 2025 convertible senior notes was as follows (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Contractual interest expense$543 $934 $1,890 $2,803 
Amortization of issuance costs562 954 1,901 2,793 
Total interest expense$1,105 $1,888 $3,791 $5,596 
v3.24.3
Stockholders' Equity (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Equity [Abstract]  
Schedule of Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance
Shares of common stock reserved for future issuance related to outstanding equity awards and employee equity incentive plans as of September 30, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2024
Stock options outstanding891
RSUs (including PRSUs) outstanding5,269
Shares available for future grant under 2014 Plan16,470
Shares available for future issuance under ESPP4,461
Total shares of common stock reserved27,091
Schedule of Stock Option Activity
A summary of the Company’s stock option activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 is as follows (in thousands, except per share data):
Number of
Shares
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
(Years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023918 $55.96 
Options granted — — 
Options exercised(21)19.86 
Options forfeited or expired(6)136.44 
Outstanding as of September 30, 2024891 56.31 3.9$4,953 
Schedule of RSU Activity
A summary of the Company’s restricted stock unit ("RSU") activity, including PRSUs, during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 is as follows (in thousands, except per share data):     
Number of SharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Outstanding as of December 31, 20234,076 $83.25 
RSUs granted(1)
3,114 53.32 
RSUs vested and released(1,661)79.87 
RSUs forfeited or cancelled(260)76.86 
Outstanding as of September 30, 20245,269 66.57 
(1) Includes 159,016 PRSUs granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense
Stock-based compensation expense was as follows (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Cost of revenue$7,512 $9,856 $22,904 $29,077 
Research and development8,244 12,980 29,001 38,375 
Sales and marketing12,490 16,404 40,334 50,840 
General and administrative11,310 13,371 35,633 38,429 
Total stock-based compensation expense$39,556 $52,611 $127,872 $156,721 
Schedule of Unrecognized Compensation Expense
As of September 30, 2024, unrecognized stock-based compensation expense by award type and expected weighted-average recognition periods are summarized in the following table (in thousands, except years).
Stock OptionRSU
(excluding PRSUs)
PRSUESPP
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense$1,887 $313,198 $13,419 $549 
Weighted-average amortization period1.0 year2.8 years1.5 years0.1 years
Schedule of Valuation Assumptions, Stock Option
The weighted-average assumptions used to value PRSUs with market conditions granted during the periods presented were as follows:
PRSUs (Market Conditions)
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Closing price of common stock as of grant date— — $63.38 $68.15 
Expected term (years)— — 2.852.84
Volatility— — 49.4 51.1 %
Risk-free interest rate— — 4.5 %4.5 %
Dividend yield (1)
— — — — 
(1)The Company has not paid, and does not anticipate paying, cash dividends on its shares of common stock. Accordingly, the expected dividend yield is zero.
v3.24.3
Net Loss Per Share (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Schedule of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share
The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except per share data):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Net loss$(4,479)$(20,419)$(24,372)$(69,406)
Weighted-average shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share74,876 72,356 74,192 71,751 
Basic and diluted net loss per share$(0.06)$(0.28)$(0.33)$(0.97)
Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Net Loss Per Share
The following securities were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Stock options891 973 891 973 
RSUs (including PRSUs)
5,269 4,378 5,269 4,378 
Convertible senior notes
12,646 5,564 11,069 5,566 
Total18,806 10,915 17,229 10,917 
v3.24.3
Geographical Information (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Schedule of Revenues and Property and Equipment by Geographic Region
The following table summarizes revenues by geographic region based on client billing address (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
United States$235,274 $205,679 $679,066 $599,259 
International28,908 24,426 84,212 72,167 
Total revenue$264,182 $230,105 $763,278 $671,426 
The following table summarizes total property and equipment, net in the respective locations (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
United States$123,793 $101,567 
International12,259 7,005 
Property and equipment, net$136,052 $108,572 
v3.24.3
Leases (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Leases [Abstract]  
Schedule of Lease Expenses and Terms
The components of lease expenses were as follows (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Operating lease cost$3,933 $3,360 $10,003 $10,112 
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets$950 $491 $1,862 $570 
Interest on finance lease liabilities132 83 262 83 
Total finance lease cost$1,082 $574 $2,124 $653 
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash used in operating leases$(3,125)$(3,001)$(9,344)$(8,319)
Financing cash used in finance leases(1,039)(496)(2,006)(496)
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases10,679 795 11,314 6,273 
Finance leases18,559 2,936 18,559 5,103 
Weighted average remaining terms were as follows (in years):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Weighted average remaining lease term
Operating leases5.15.7
Finance leases2.82.6
Weighted average discount rates were as follows:
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Weighted average discount rate
Operating leases4.2 %3.8 %
Finance leases5.8 %6.1 %
Schedule of Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Operating leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets$43,480 $38,873 
Operating lease liabilities$11,446 $10,731 
Operating lease liabilities — less current portion39,976 36,378 
Total operating lease liabilities$51,422 $47,109 
Finance leases
Finance lease right-of-use assets$21,262 $4,564 
Finance lease liabilities$7,695 $1,767 
Finance lease liabilities — less current portion13,716 2,877 
Total finance lease liabilities$21,411 $4,644 
Schedule of Operating Lease Maturities
Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):
Year Ending December 31,Operating LeasesFinance Leases
Remaining 2024$3,489 $2,185 
202512,969 8,685 
202611,042 7,714 
20278,171 4,502 
20286,837 — 
Thereafter14,420 — 
Total future minimum lease payments56,928 23,086 
Less: imputed interest(5,506)(1,675)
Total$51,422 $21,411 
v3.24.3
Acquisitions (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Business Combination, Asset Acquisition, and Joint Venture Formation [Abstract]  
Schedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed The following table presents the preliminary allocation of the purchase price at the acquisition date (in thousands):
Cash$6,661 
Tangible assets acquired 4,580 
Other assets acquired7,333 
Acquired technology30,400 
Customer relationships 8,700 
Trademarks800 
Goodwill138,181 
Total assets acquired196,655 
Deferred tax liability(4,831)
Liabilities assumed(17,997)
         Total$173,827 
The following table presents the final allocation of the purchase price at the acquisition date (in thousands):
Cash$1,523 
Tangible assets acquired 383 
Other assets acquired3,002 
Acquired technology19,100 
Customer relationships 2,550 
Trademarks500 
Goodwill61,849 
Total assets acquired88,907 
Liabilities assumed(6,895)
         Total$82,012 
v3.24.3
Revenue - Schedule of Contract Balances (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]    
Accounts receivable, net $ 116,430 $ 97,424
Deferred contract acquisition costs, net:    
Current 72,534 61,711
Non-current 149,885 136,571
Total deferred contract acquisition costs, net 222,419 198,282
Contract assets and contract liabilities:    
Contract assets (included in prepaid expenses and other current assets) 6,497 4,106
Contract liabilities (deferred revenue) (80,000) (68,187)
Noncurrent contract liabilities (deferred revenue) (included in other long-term liabilities) (627) (1,350)
Net contract liabilities $ (74,130) $ (65,431)
v3.24.3
Revenue - Narrative (Details)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]    
Contract revenue recognized $ 5.6 $ 52.3
Contract acquisition costs    
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]    
Amortization period of capitalized contract cost (in years) 5 years 5 years
v3.24.3
Revenue - Remaining Performance Obligations (Details)
$ in Millions
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Performance obligation $ 1,100.4
Performance obligation, description of timing The Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately three-fourths of the remaining performance obligations over the next 24 months, with the balance recognized thereafter. The Company excludes amounts for remaining performance obligations that are part of contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less. Such remaining performance obligations represent unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations.
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-10-01  
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]  
Performance obligation satisfaction period (in months) 24 months
Remaining performance obligation expected to be recognized (as a percent) 75.00%
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-10-01  
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]  
Performance obligation satisfaction period (in months)
Remaining performance obligation expected to be recognized (as a percent) 25.00%
v3.24.3
Investments and Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Marketable Investments (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Cost $ 674,565 $ 587,368
Gross Unrealized Gains 1,178 283
Gross Unrealized Losses (39) (555)
Fair Value 675,704 587,096
Certificates of deposit    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Cost 1,545 1,463
Gross Unrealized Gains 2 0
Gross Unrealized Losses 0 0
Fair Value 1,547 1,463
U.S. treasury securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Cost 507,567 315,608
Gross Unrealized Gains 841 191
Gross Unrealized Losses (23) (362)
Fair Value 508,385 315,437
U.S. agency and government-sponsored securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Cost 113,260 239,358
Gross Unrealized Gains 40 78
Gross Unrealized Losses (9) (177)
Fair Value 113,291 239,259
Commercial paper    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Cost 9,947 17,382
Gross Unrealized Gains 21 9
Gross Unrealized Losses 0 0
Fair Value 9,968 17,391
Municipal bonds    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Cost   927
Gross Unrealized Gains   1
Gross Unrealized Losses   0
Fair Value   928
Corporate bonds    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Cost 42,246 12,630
Gross Unrealized Gains 274 4
Gross Unrealized Losses (7) (16)
Fair Value $ 42,513 $ 12,618
v3.24.3
Investments and Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Gross Unrealized Losses $ (39) $ (555)
Fair Value 105,203 252,687
U.S. treasury securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Gross Unrealized Losses (23) (362)
Fair Value 60,477 79,644
U.S. agency and government sponsored securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Gross Unrealized Losses (9) (177)
Fair Value 36,341 165,493
Corporate bonds    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Gross Unrealized Losses (7) (16)
Fair Value $ 8,385 $ 7,550
v3.24.3
Investments and Fair Value Measurements - Maturities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]    
Due within one year $ 550,615  
Due after one year through two years 123,950  
Cost 674,565 $ 587,368
Due within one year 551,485  
Due after one year through two years 124,219  
Fair Value $ 675,704 $ 587,096
v3.24.3
Investments and Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Assets Carried at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Assets    
Cash equivalents $ 175,325 $ 73,635
Marketable investments 675,704 587,096
Level 1    
Assets    
Cash equivalents 175,325 71,644
Marketable investments 508,385 315,437
Level 2    
Assets    
Cash equivalents 0 1,991
Marketable investments 167,319 271,659
Level 3    
Assets    
Cash equivalents 0 0
Marketable investments 0 0
Certificates of deposit    
Assets    
Marketable investments 1,547 1,463
Certificates of deposit | Level 1    
Assets    
Marketable investments 0 0
Certificates of deposit | Level 2    
Assets    
Marketable investments 1,547 1,463
Certificates of deposit | Level 3    
Assets    
Marketable investments 0 0
U.S. treasury securities    
Assets    
Marketable investments 508,385 315,437
U.S. treasury securities | Level 1    
Assets    
Marketable investments 508,385 315,437
U.S. treasury securities | Level 2    
Assets    
Marketable investments 0 0
U.S. treasury securities | Level 3    
Assets    
Marketable investments 0 0
U.S. agency and government sponsored securities    
Assets    
Marketable investments 113,291 239,259
U.S. agency and government sponsored securities | Level 1    
Assets    
Marketable investments 0 0
U.S. agency and government sponsored securities | Level 2    
Assets    
Marketable investments 113,291 239,259
U.S. agency and government sponsored securities | Level 3    
Assets    
Marketable investments 0 0
Commercial paper    
Assets    
Marketable investments 9,968 17,391
Commercial paper | Level 1    
Assets    
Marketable investments 0 0
Commercial paper | Level 2    
Assets    
Marketable investments 9,968 17,391
Commercial paper | Level 3    
Assets    
Marketable investments 0 0
Municipal bonds    
Assets    
Marketable investments   928
Municipal bonds | Level 1    
Assets    
Marketable investments   0
Municipal bonds | Level 2    
Assets    
Marketable investments   928
Municipal bonds | Level 3    
Assets    
Marketable investments   0
Corporate bonds    
Assets    
Marketable investments 42,513 12,618
Corporate bonds | Level 1    
Assets    
Marketable investments 0 0
Corporate bonds | Level 2    
Assets    
Marketable investments 42,513 12,618
Corporate bonds | Level 3    
Assets    
Marketable investments 0 0
Money market funds    
Assets    
Cash equivalents 157,556 66,661
Money market funds | Level 1    
Assets    
Cash equivalents 157,556 66,661
Money market funds | Level 2    
Assets    
Cash equivalents 0 0
Money market funds | Level 3    
Assets    
Cash equivalents 0 0
Certificates of deposit    
Assets    
Cash equivalents   493
Certificates of deposit | Level 1    
Assets    
Cash equivalents   0
Certificates of deposit | Level 2    
Assets    
Cash equivalents   493
Certificates of deposit | Level 3    
Assets    
Cash equivalents   0
U.S. treasury securities    
Assets    
Cash equivalents 17,769 4,983
U.S. treasury securities | Level 1    
Assets    
Cash equivalents 17,769 4,983
U.S. treasury securities | Level 2    
Assets    
Cash equivalents 0 0
U.S. treasury securities | Level 3    
Assets    
Cash equivalents $ 0 0
Commercial paper    
Assets    
Cash equivalents   1,498
Commercial paper | Level 1    
Assets    
Cash equivalents   0
Commercial paper | Level 2    
Assets    
Cash equivalents   1,498
Commercial paper | Level 3    
Assets    
Cash equivalents   $ 0
v3.24.3
Investments and Fair Value Measurements - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Mar. 01, 2024
Sep. 30, 2024
Mar. 31, 2024
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Dec. 31, 2023
Feb. 28, 2022
Jun. 30, 2020
May 31, 2020
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                  
Equity investment in a privately-held company   $ 750,000   $ 750,000   $ 2,000,000 $ 2,000,000    
Impairment charge of an equity investment   1,300,000   1,250,000 $ 0        
Nonrecurring                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                  
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on nonrecurring basis   $ 0   $ 0   0      
Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2029 | Convertible Debt                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                  
Stated interest rate on debt (as a percent)   1.00% 1.00% 1.00%          
Extinguishment of debt, amount     $ 313,100,000            
Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2029 | Convertible Debt | Level 2                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                  
Fair value of long-term debt   $ 628,000,000   $ 628,000,000          
Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2029 | Convertible Debt | Private Placement                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                  
Aggregate principal amount of debt   $ 747,500,000 $ 747,500,000 $ 747,500,000          
Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2025 | Convertible Debt                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                  
Stated interest rate on debt (as a percent)   0.50%   0.50%       0.50%  
Extinguishment of debt, amount $ 313,100,000     $ 313,100,000          
Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2025 | Convertible Debt | Level 2                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                  
Fair value of long-term debt   $ 419,400,000   $ 419,400,000   $ 718,300,000      
Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2025 | Convertible Debt | Private Placement                  
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                  
Aggregate principal amount of debt               $ 747,500,000 $ 747,500,000
v3.24.3
Financial Statement Components - Schedule of Cash and Cash Equivalents (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Sep. 30, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Line Items]        
Total cash and cash equivalents $ 290,959 $ 143,201 $ 127,828 $ 180,520
Cash        
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Line Items]        
Total cash and cash equivalents 115,634 69,566    
Money market funds        
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Line Items]        
Total cash and cash equivalents 157,556 66,661    
Certificates of deposit        
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Line Items]        
Total cash and cash equivalents 0 493    
U.S. treasury securities        
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Line Items]        
Total cash and cash equivalents 17,769 4,983    
Commercial paper        
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Line Items]        
Total cash and cash equivalents $ 0 $ 1,498    
v3.24.3
Financial Statement Components - Schedule of Accounts Receivable (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Accounts Receivable [Line Items]    
Provision for credit losses $ (341) $ (264)
Accounts receivable, net 116,430 97,424
Trade accounts receivable    
Accounts Receivable [Line Items]    
Trade accounts receivable 105,103 86,912
Unbilled trade accounts receivable, net of advance client deposits    
Accounts Receivable [Line Items]    
Trade accounts receivable $ 11,668 $ 10,776
v3.24.3
Financial Statement Components - Narrative (Details)
9 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
One Client | Accounts Receivable | Customer Concentration Risk    
Concentration Risk [Line Items]    
Percentage of total account receivable 17.00% 11.00%
v3.24.3
Financial Statement Components - Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]    
Prepaid expenses $ 33,919 $ 22,023
Other current assets 8,224 8,493
Contract assets 6,497 4,106
Prepaid expenses and other current assets $ 48,640 $ 34,622
v3.24.3
Financial Statement Components - Schedule of Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]          
Property and equipment $ 299,756   $ 299,756   $ 246,274
Accumulated depreciation and amortization (163,704)   (163,704)   (137,702)
Property and equipment, net 136,052   136,052   108,572
Depreciation and amortization associated with property and equipment 9,900 $ 9,300 29,800 $ 26,700  
Computer and network equipment          
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]          
Property and equipment 180,998   180,998   155,997
Computer software          
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]          
Property and equipment 67,105   67,105   59,452
Internal-use software development costs          
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]          
Property and equipment 39,345   39,345   19,734
Furniture and fixtures          
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]          
Property and equipment 5,129   5,129   4,666
Leasehold improvements          
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]          
Property and equipment $ 7,179   $ 7,179   $ 6,425
v3.24.3
Financial Statement Components - Schedule of Other Assets (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Feb. 28, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]      
Other assets $ 13,176 $ 10,433  
Equity investment in a privately-held company 750 2,000 $ 2,000
Deferred tax assets 3,839 3,766  
Other assets $ 17,765 $ 16,199  
v3.24.3
Financial Statement Components - Schedule of Accrued and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]    
Accrued expenses $ 25,833 $ 18,282
Accrued compensation and benefits 50,580 35,927
Accrued federal fees 3,891 4,166
Sales tax liabilities 3,993 3,756
Accrued and other current liabilities $ 84,297 $ 62,131
v3.24.3
Financial Statement Components - Schedule of Long-term Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]    
Deferred revenue $ 627 $ 1,350
Sales tax liabilities 476 926
Other long-term liabilities 6,338 5,612
Other long-term liabilities $ 7,441 $ 7,888
v3.24.3
Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Aug. 27, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]            
Goodwill $ 365,450   $ 365,450     $ 227,412
Amortization $ 3,200 $ 3,200 $ 8,492 $ 8,900    
Acqueon Inc.            
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]            
Goodwill         $ 138,200  
Intangible assets         $ 39,900  
v3.24.3
Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Goodwill        
Beginning of the period, December 31, 2023     $ 227,412  
Addition (Acqueon)     138,181  
Measurement period adjustment (Aceyus)     (143)  
End of the period, September 30, 2024 $ 365,450   365,450  
Intangible Assets        
Beginning of the period, December 31, 2023     38,323  
Addition (Acqueon)     39,900  
Amortization (3,200) $ (3,200) (8,492) $ (8,900)
End of the period, September 30, 2024 $ 69,731   $ 69,731  
v3.24.3
Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets    
Gross Carrying Amount $ 120,334 $ 80,934
Accumulated Amortization (50,603) (42,611)
Net Carrying Amount $ 69,731 $ 38,323
Weighted Average Remaining Amortization period (Years) 6 years 1 month 6 days 5 years 1 month 6 days
Developed technology    
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets    
Gross Carrying Amount $ 105,714 $ 75,314
Accumulated Amortization (47,881) (40,327)
Net Carrying Amount $ 57,833 $ 34,987
Weighted Average Remaining Amortization period (Years) 6 years 6 months 5 years 2 months 12 days
Acquired workforce    
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets    
Gross Carrying Amount $ 470 $ 470
Accumulated Amortization (470) (470)
Net Carrying Amount $ 0 $ 0
Weighted Average Remaining Amortization period (Years) 0 years 0 years
Customer relationships    
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets    
Gross Carrying Amount $ 12,850 $ 4,150
Accumulated Amortization (2,039) (1,252)
Net Carrying Amount $ 10,811 $ 2,898
Weighted Average Remaining Amortization period (Years) 4 years 7 months 6 days 4 years 1 month 6 days
Trademarks    
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets    
Gross Carrying Amount $ 1,300 $ 1,000
Accumulated Amortization (213) (562)
Net Carrying Amount $ 1,087 $ 438
Weighted Average Remaining Amortization period (Years) 2 years 7 months 6 days 2 years 7 months 6 days
v3.24.3
Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Future Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]    
Remaining 2024 $ 4,100  
2025 14,466  
2026 13,008  
2027 8,612  
2028 8,246  
Thereafter 21,299  
Net Carrying Amount $ 69,731 $ 38,323
v3.24.3
Debt - Narrative (Details)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Millions
1 Months Ended 2 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Mar. 01, 2024
USD ($)
Mar. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2020
USD ($)
$ / shares
Sep. 30, 2024
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Mar. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2023
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2024
USD ($)
day
$ / shares
Rate
shares
Sep. 30, 2023
USD ($)
Feb. 27, 2024
$ / shares
May 31, 2020
USD ($)
May 21, 2020
$ / shares
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Gain on early extinguishment of debt         $ 0   $ 0 $ 6,615,000 $ 0      
Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2025 | Convertible Debt                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Extinguishment of debt, amount   $ 313,100,000           313,100,000        
Aggregate consideration to repurchase note   $ 304,900,000                    
Gain on early extinguishment of debt               6,600,000        
Cash received from unwound capped call settlement               $ 500,000        
Stated interest rate on debt (as a percent) 0.50%     0.50% 0.50%     0.50%        
Proceeds from issuance of debt       $ 728,800,000                
Conversion ratio on convertible debt | Rate               0.74437%        
Conversion price on convertible debt (in USD per share) | $ / shares $ 134.34       $ 134.34     $ 134.34        
Premium on conversion price in relation to closing price (as a percent)                       30.00%
Closing price of common stock (in USD per share) | $ / shares 28.73       28.73     28.73       $ 103.34
Share price of common stock with conversion premium (in USD per share) | $ / shares $ 174.64       $ 174.64     $ 174.64        
Sinking fund payment               $ 0        
Effective interest rate on debt (as a percent) 1.00%       1.00%     1.00%        
Cap initial strike price (in USD per share) | $ / shares       $ 134.34                
Cap price of the capped call transactions (in USD per share) | $ / shares       $ 206.68                
Number of shares covered in the capped call transactions (in shares) | shares 3.2       3.2     3.2        
Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2025 | Convertible Debt | Fundamental Change Event                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Debt redemption price as percentage of principal amount (as a percent)               100.00%        
Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2025 | Convertible Debt | On or After June 6, 2023                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Number of trading days (in days) | day               20        
Number of consecutive trading days (in days) | day               30        
Threshold percentage of stock price trigger (as a percent) 130.00%             130.00%        
Debt redemption price as percentage of principal amount (as a percent)               100.00%        
Number of trading days preceding notice of redemption (in days) | day               2        
Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2025 | Convertible Debt | Convertible, Term One                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Number of trading days (in days) | day               20        
Number of consecutive trading days (in days) | day               30        
Threshold percentage of stock price trigger (as a percent)               130.00%        
Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2025 | Convertible Debt | Convertible, Term Two                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Number of trading days (in days) | day               5        
Number of consecutive trading days (in days) | day               5        
Threshold percentage of stock price trigger (as a percent)               98.00%        
Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2025 | Convertible Debt | Private Placement                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Aggregate principal amount of debt       $ 747,500,000             $ 747,500,000  
Option to purchase additional debt through private offering       $ 97,500,000             $ 97,500,000  
Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2029 | Convertible Debt                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Extinguishment of debt, amount           $ 313,100,000            
Stated interest rate on debt (as a percent) 1.00%   1.00%   1.00% 1.00%   1.00%        
Proceeds from issuance of debt     $ 728,800,000                  
Conversion ratio on convertible debt | Rate               1.25918%        
Conversion price on convertible debt (in USD per share) | $ / shares $ 79.42       $ 79.42     $ 79.42        
Premium on conversion price in relation to closing price (as a percent)                   30.00%    
Closing price of common stock (in USD per share) | $ / shares                   $ 61.09    
Share price of common stock with conversion premium (in USD per share) | $ / shares $ 103.24       $ 103.24     $ 103.24        
Minimum aggregate principal amount outstanding $ 100,000,000       $ 100,000,000     $ 100,000,000        
Sinking fund payment               $ 0        
Effective interest rate on debt (as a percent) 1.49%       1.49%     1.49%        
Cap initial strike price (in USD per share) | $ / shares               $ 79.42        
Cap price of the capped call transactions (in USD per share) | $ / shares               $ 122.18        
Number of shares covered in the capped call transactions (in shares) | shares 9.4       9.4     9.4        
Convertible debt $ 434,400,000       $ 434,400,000     $ 434,400,000        
Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2029 | Convertible Debt | Fundamental Change Event                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Debt redemption price as percentage of principal amount (as a percent)               100.00%        
Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2029 | Convertible Debt | On or After June 6, 2023                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Number of trading days (in days) | day               20        
Number of consecutive trading days (in days) | day               30        
Threshold percentage of stock price trigger (as a percent)               130.00%        
Debt redemption price as percentage of principal amount (as a percent)               100.00%        
Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2029 | Convertible Debt | Convertible, Term One                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Number of trading days (in days) | day               20        
Number of consecutive trading days (in days) | day               30        
Threshold percentage of stock price trigger (as a percent)               130.00%        
Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2029 | Convertible Debt | Convertible, Term Two                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Number of trading days (in days) | day               5        
Number of consecutive trading days (in days) | day               5        
Threshold percentage of stock price trigger (as a percent)               98.00%        
Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2029 | Convertible Debt | Private Placement                        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                        
Aggregate principal amount of debt $ 747,500,000   747,500,000   $ 747,500,000 $ 747,500,000   $ 747,500,000        
Option to purchase additional debt through private offering     $ 97,500,000     $ 97,500,000            
v3.24.3
Debt - Schedule of Net Carrying Amount of the Liability Component of the Notes (Details) - Convertible Debt - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2029    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Principal $ 747,500  
Unamortized issuance costs (16,568)  
Net carrying amount 730,932  
Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2025    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
Principal 434,400  
Principal 747,500 $ 747,500
Unamortized issuance costs (1,478) (5,375)
Principal repaid (313,095) 0
Net carrying amount $ 432,927 $ 742,125
v3.24.3
Debt - Schedule of Interest Expense Related to the Notes (Details) - Convertible Debt - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2029        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Contractual interest expense $ 1,869   $ 4,360  
Amortization of issuance costs 920   2,090  
Total interest expense 2,789   6,450  
Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2025        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Contractual interest expense 543 $ 934 1,890 $ 2,803
Amortization of issuance costs 562 954 1,901 2,793
Total interest expense $ 1,105 $ 1,888 $ 3,791 $ 5,596
v3.24.3
Stockholders' Equity - Capital Structure (Narrative) (Details) - $ / shares
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]    
Common stock shares authorized (in shares) 450,000,000  
Common stock par value (in USD per share) $ 0.001  
Common stock shares issued (in shares) 75,208,409 73,316,968
Common stock shares outstanding (in shares) 75,208,409 73,316,968
Preferred stock shares authorized (up to) (in shares) 5,000,000  
Preferred stock par value (in USD per share) $ 0.001  
Preferred stock shares issued (in shares) 0 0
Preferred stock shares outstanding (in shares) 0 0
Closing market price of common stock (in USD per share) $ 28.73  
v3.24.3
Stockholders' Equity - Schedule of Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance (Details)
shares in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
shares
Class of Stock  
Total shares of common stock reserved (in shares) 27,091
Shares available for future grant under 2014 Plan  
Class of Stock  
Total shares of common stock reserved (in shares) 16,470
Stock Option  
Class of Stock  
Total shares of common stock reserved (in shares) 891
RSUs (including PRSUs)  
Class of Stock  
Total shares of common stock reserved (in shares) 5,269
Shares available for future issuance under ESPP  
Class of Stock  
Total shares of common stock reserved (in shares) 4,461
v3.24.3
Stockholders' Equity - Schedule of Stock Option Activity (Details) - Stock Option
$ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Number of Shares  
Outstanding, beginning balance (in shares) | shares 918
Options granted (in shares) | shares 0
Options exercised (in shares) | shares (21)
Options forfeited or expired (in shares) | shares (6)
Outstanding, ending balance (in shares) | shares 891
Weighted Average Exercise Price  
Outstanding, beginning balance, weighted average exercise price (in USD per share) | $ / shares $ 55.96
Options granted, weighted average exercise price (in USD per share) | $ / shares 0
Options exercised, weighted average exercise price (in USD per share) | $ / shares 19.86
Options forfeited or expired, weighted average exercise price (in USD per share) | $ / shares 136.44
Outstanding, ending balance, weighted average exercise price (in USD per share) | $ / shares $ 56.31
Outstanding, ending balance, weighted average remaining contractual life (years) 3 years 10 months 24 days
Outstanding, ending balance, aggregate intrinsic value | $ $ 4,953
v3.24.3
Stockholders' Equity - Schedule of RSU Activity (Details)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
$ / shares
shares
RSUs (including PRSUs)  
Number of Shares  
Outstanding, beginning balance (in shares) 4,076,000
RSUs granted (in shares) 3,114,000
RSUs vested and released (in shares) (1,661,000)
RSUs forfeited or cancelled (in shares) (260,000)
Outstanding, ending balance (in shares) 5,269,000
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share  
Outstanding, beginning balance, weighted-average grant date fair value per share (in USD per share) | $ / shares $ 83.25
RSUs granted, weighted average grant date fair value (in USD per share) | $ / shares 53.32
RSUs vested and released, weighted average grant date fair value (in USD per share) | $ / shares 79.87
RSUs forfeited or cancelled, weighted average grant date fair value (in USD per share) | $ / shares 76.86
Outstanding, ending balance, weighted-average grant date fair value per share (in USD per share) | $ / shares $ 66.57
Performance Based And Market Based Restricted Stock Units PRSUs  
Number of Shares  
RSUs granted (in shares) 159,016
v3.24.3
Stockholders' Equity - Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units (Narrative) (Details)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Rate
Sep. 30, 2024
USD ($)
period
Rate
shares
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
shares
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
installment
goal
shares
Market-Based PRSUs        
Stockholders' Equity Capital Structure [Line Items]        
Equity instruments granted (in shares) | shares   159,016 35,921 284,282
Equity instruments granted, weighted average grant date fair value | $   $ 9.6 $ 3.1 $ 30.6
PRSUs        
Stockholders' Equity Capital Structure [Line Items]        
Earnout target percentage (as a percent) 58.70% 98.00%    
Number of performance periods | period   3    
Term of the performance period (in years)   1 year    
Actual total shareholder return (as a percent) (52.64%) 19.95%    
Relative total shareholder return ranking (as a percent)   53.80%    
PRSUs | Tranche One        
Stockholders' Equity Capital Structure [Line Items]        
Award vesting percentage   33.33%    
PRSUs | Tranche Two        
Stockholders' Equity Capital Structure [Line Items]        
Award vesting percentage   66.67%    
PRSUs | Payout At The 25th TSR Percentile        
Stockholders' Equity Capital Structure [Line Items]        
Earnout target percentage (as a percent) 50.00%      
PRSUs | Payout At The 55th TSR Percentile        
Stockholders' Equity Capital Structure [Line Items]        
Earnout target percentage (as a percent) 100.00%      
PRSUs | Payout At The 90th TSR Percentile        
Stockholders' Equity Capital Structure [Line Items]        
Earnout target percentage (as a percent) 200.00%      
PRSUs | Minimum        
Stockholders' Equity Capital Structure [Line Items]        
Earnout target percentage (as a percent) 0.00% 0    
PRSUs | Maximum        
Stockholders' Equity Capital Structure [Line Items]        
Earnout target percentage (as a percent) 200.00% 2    
PRSUs | Maximum | Shareholder for Performance Any Period is Negative        
Stockholders' Equity Capital Structure [Line Items]        
Earnout target percentage (as a percent)   1    
PRSUs | Maximum | Executive Employment Terminates due to Death by end of 2024        
Stockholders' Equity Capital Structure [Line Items]        
Earnout target percentage (as a percent)   1    
PRSUs | Maximum | Executive Employment Terminates due to Disability by end of 2024        
Stockholders' Equity Capital Structure [Line Items]        
Earnout target percentage (as a percent)   0.50    
Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units (PRSUs) 2023-2025        
Stockholders' Equity Capital Structure [Line Items]        
Earnout target percentage (as a percent)   92.50%    
Actual total shareholder return (as a percent)   19.95%    
Relative total shareholder return ranking (as a percent)   50.50%    
Revenue-Based PRSUs        
Stockholders' Equity Capital Structure [Line Items]        
Equity instruments granted (in shares) | shares       66,167
Equity instruments granted, weighted average grant date fair value | $       $ 6.6
Number of quarterly revenue goals | goal       2
Revenue-Based PRSUs | Tranche One        
Stockholders' Equity Capital Structure [Line Items]        
Number of quarterly installments | installment       4
Revenue-Based PRSUs | Tranche Two        
Stockholders' Equity Capital Structure [Line Items]        
Number of quarterly installments | installment       8
v3.24.3
Stockholders' Equity - Stock-based Compensation (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Stock-based Compensation Expense        
Total stock-based compensation expense $ 39,556 $ 52,611 $ 127,872 $ 156,721
Stock Option        
Stock-based Compensation Expense        
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense 1,887   $ 1,887  
Weighted-average amortization period     1 year  
RSU (excluding PRSUs)        
Stock-based Compensation Expense        
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense 313,198   $ 313,198  
Weighted-average amortization period     2 years 9 months 18 days  
PRSU        
Stock-based Compensation Expense        
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense 13,419   $ 13,419  
Weighted-average amortization period     1 year 6 months  
ESPP        
Stock-based Compensation Expense        
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense 549   $ 549  
Weighted-average amortization period     1 month 6 days  
Cost of revenue        
Stock-based Compensation Expense        
Total stock-based compensation expense 7,512 9,856 $ 22,904 29,077
Research and development        
Stock-based Compensation Expense        
Total stock-based compensation expense 8,244 12,980 29,001 38,375
Sales and marketing        
Stock-based Compensation Expense        
Total stock-based compensation expense 12,490 16,404 40,334 50,840
General and administrative        
Stock-based Compensation Expense        
Total stock-based compensation expense $ 11,310 $ 13,371 $ 35,633 $ 38,429
v3.24.3
Stockholders' Equity - Valuation Assumptions (Details) - $ / shares
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Class of Stock        
Closing price of common stock as of grant date (in USD per share) $ 28.73   $ 28.73  
Dividend yield 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
PRSUs        
Class of Stock        
Closing price of common stock as of grant date (in USD per share) $ 63.38 $ 68.15 $ 63.38 $ 68.15
Expected term (years)     2 years 10 months 6 days 2 years 10 months 2 days
Volatility     49.40% 51.10%
Risk-free interest rate     4.50% 4.50%
Dividend yield     0.00% 0.00%
v3.24.3
Net Loss Per Share - Schedule of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]        
Net loss $ (4,479) $ (20,419) $ (24,372) $ (69,406)
Weighted-average shares used in computing basic net loss per share (in shares) 74,876 72,356 74,192 71,751
Weighted-average shares used in computing diluted net loss per share (in shares) 74,876 72,356 74,192 71,751
Basic net loss per share (in USD per share) $ (0.06) $ (0.28) $ (0.33) $ (0.97)
Diluted net loss per share (in USD per share) $ (0.06) $ (0.28) $ (0.33) $ (0.97)
v3.24.3
Net Loss Per Share - Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Details) - shares
shares in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share        
Total (in shares) 18,806 10,915 17,229 10,917
Stock Option        
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share        
Total (in shares) 891 973 891 973
RSUs (including PRSUs)        
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share        
Total (in shares) 5,269 4,378 5,269 4,378
Convertible senior notes        
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share        
Total (in shares) 12,646 5,564 11,069 5,566
v3.24.3
Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Business Acquisition [Line Items]        
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes $ (3,868) $ 942 $ 466 $ 2,222
Acqueon        
Business Acquisition [Line Items]        
Deferred tax liabilities $ 4,800   $ 4,800  
v3.24.3
Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Other Commitments [Line Items]    
Additional reduction of commercial commitments $ 17,200  
Convertible Debt | Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2025    
Other Commitments [Line Items]    
Debt balance 434,400 $ 434,400
Convertible Debt | Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2029    
Other Commitments [Line Items]    
Debt balance 747,500 747,500
Hosting and telecommunications agreement    
Other Commitments [Line Items]    
Total commitments under agreements 11,700 11,700
Purchase Commitment - Cloud Services Agreement    
Other Commitments [Line Items]    
Expiring commercial commitment balance 42,100 42,100
Commercial commitment to be paid remainder of 2024 400 400
Commercial commitment to be paid in year 2025 21,900 21,900
Commercial commitment to be paid in year 2026 $ 19,800 $ 19,800
Maximum | Hosting and telecommunications agreement    
Other Commitments [Line Items]    
Period for various agreements (in months)   58 months
v3.24.3
Geographical Information - Schedule of Revenue and Property and Equipment by Geographic Region (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Dec. 31, 2023
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets          
Total revenue $ 264,182 $ 230,105 $ 763,278 $ 671,426  
Property and equipment, net 136,052   136,052   $ 108,572
United States          
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets          
Total revenue 235,274 205,679 679,066 599,259  
Property and equipment, net 123,793   123,793   101,567
International          
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets          
Total revenue 28,908 $ 24,426 84,212 $ 72,167  
Property and equipment, net $ 12,259   $ 12,259   $ 7,005
v3.24.3
Leases - Narrative (Details)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2024
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]    
Operating lease termination notice, period (in days)   30 days
Equipment finance lease agreements 3 years 3 years
Current finance liability acquired $ 5.9  
Noncurrent finance liability acquired $ 12.7  
Minimum    
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]    
Operating lease, term of contract (in months) 1 year 1 year
Operating lease, extension term (in years) 1 year 1 year
Maximum    
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]    
Operating lease, term of contract (in months) 7 years 7 years
Operating lease, extension term (in years) 5 years 5 years
v3.24.3
Leases - Lease Cost and Supplemental Cash Flow (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Leases [Abstract]        
Operating lease cost $ 3,933 $ 3,360 $ 10,003 $ 10,112
Finance lease cost:        
Amortization of right-of-use assets 950 491 1,862 570
Interest on finance lease liabilities 132 83 262 83
Total finance lease cost 1,082 574 2,124 653
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:        
Operating cash used in operating leases (3,125) (3,001) (9,344) (8,319)
Financing cash used in finance leases (1,039) (496) (2,006) (496)
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:        
Operating leases 10,679 795 11,314 6,273
Finance leases $ 18,559 $ 2,936 $ 18,559 $ 5,103
v3.24.3
Leases - Balance Sheet Disclosures (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Operating leases    
Operating lease right-of-use assets $ 43,480 $ 38,873
Operating lease liabilities 11,446 10,731
Operating lease liabilities — less current portion 39,976 36,378
Total operating lease liabilities 51,422 47,109
Finance leases    
Finance lease right-of-use assets 21,262 4,564
Finance lease liabilities 7,695 1,767
Finance lease liabilities — less current portion 13,716 2,877
Total finance lease liabilities $ 21,411 $ 4,644
v3.24.3
Leases - Weighted Average Remaining Terms and Discount Rates (Details)
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]    
Operating leases (in years) 5 years 1 month 6 days 5 years 8 months 12 days
Finance leases (in years) 2 years 9 months 18 days 2 years 7 months 6 days
Operating leases (in percent) 4.20% 3.80%
Finance leases (in percent) 5.80% 6.10%
v3.24.3
Leases - Lease Maturities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Operating Leases    
Remaining 2024 $ 3,489  
2025 12,969  
2026 11,042  
2027 8,171  
2028 6,837  
Thereafter 14,420  
Total future minimum lease payments 56,928  
Less: imputed interest (5,506)  
Total 51,422 $ 47,109
Finance Leases    
Remaining 2024 2,185  
2025 8,685  
2026 7,714  
2027 4,502  
2028 0  
Thereafter 0  
Total future minimum lease payments 23,086  
Less: imputed interest (1,675)  
Total $ 21,411 $ 4,644
v3.24.3
Acquisitions - Narrative (Details)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Aug. 27, 2024
USD ($)
Aug. 14, 2023
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2024
USD ($)
opportunity
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]          
Goodwill     $ 365,450 $ 365,450 $ 227,412
Number of business opportunities | opportunity       2  
Acqueon          
Business Acquisition [Line Items]          
Consideration transferred $ 173,800        
Goodwill $ 138,181        
Acquisition-related transaction costs     $ 2,000 $ 5,300  
Acqueon | Acquired technology          
Business Acquisition [Line Items]          
Acquired finite-lived intangible assets, weighted average useful life (Years)   8 years      
Acqueon | Customer relationships          
Business Acquisition [Line Items]          
Acquired finite-lived intangible assets, weighted average useful life (Years)   5 years      
Acqueon | Trademarks          
Business Acquisition [Line Items]          
Acquired finite-lived intangible assets, weighted average useful life (Years)   3 years      
Aceyus, Inc.          
Business Acquisition [Line Items]          
Consideration transferred   $ 82,000      
Goodwill   61,849      
Acquisition-related transaction costs   $ 2,200   0  
Measurement period adjustment       $ 100  
Aceyus, Inc. | Acquired technology          
Business Acquisition [Line Items]          
Acquired finite-lived intangible assets, weighted average useful life (Years)   8 years      
Aceyus, Inc. | Customer relationships          
Business Acquisition [Line Items]          
Acquired finite-lived intangible assets, weighted average useful life (Years)   5 years      
Aceyus, Inc. | Trademarks          
Business Acquisition [Line Items]          
Acquired finite-lived intangible assets, weighted average useful life (Years)   3 years      
v3.24.3
Acquisitions - Schedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
Aug. 27, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Aug. 14, 2023
Business Acquisition [Line Items]        
Goodwill $ 365,450   $ 227,412  
Acqueon        
Business Acquisition [Line Items]        
Cash   $ 6,661    
Tangible assets acquired   4,580    
Other assets acquired   7,333    
Goodwill   138,181    
Total assets acquired   196,655    
Deferred tax liability   (4,831)    
Liabilities assumed   (17,997)    
Total   173,827    
Acqueon | Acquired technology        
Business Acquisition [Line Items]        
Finite-lived intangibles acquired   30,400    
Acqueon | Customer relationships        
Business Acquisition [Line Items]        
Finite-lived intangibles acquired   8,700    
Acqueon | Trademarks        
Business Acquisition [Line Items]        
Finite-lived intangibles acquired   $ 800    
Aceyus, Inc.        
Business Acquisition [Line Items]        
Cash       $ 1,523
Tangible assets acquired       383
Other assets acquired       3,002
Goodwill       61,849
Total assets acquired       88,907
Liabilities assumed       (6,895)
Total       82,012
Aceyus, Inc. | Acquired technology        
Business Acquisition [Line Items]        
Finite-lived intangibles acquired       19,100
Aceyus, Inc. | Customer relationships        
Business Acquisition [Line Items]        
Finite-lived intangibles acquired       2,550
Aceyus, Inc. | Trademarks        
Business Acquisition [Line Items]        
Finite-lived intangibles acquired       $ 500
v3.24.3
Restructuring (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended
Aug. 20, 2024
Sep. 30, 2024
Number of positions eliminated 6.00%  
Restructuring charges   $ 9,600
Payments for restructuring   3,000
Restructuring reserve   6,600
Restructuring and related cost, expected cost remaining   0
Cost of revenue    
Restructuring charges   2,100
Research and development    
Restructuring charges   1,900
Sales and marketing    
Restructuring charges   4,400
General and administrative    
Restructuring charges   $ 1,200

Five9 (NASDAQ:FIVN)
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Five9 (NASDAQ:FIVN)
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De Nov 2023 à Nov 2024 Plus de graphiques de la Bourse Five9