Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to

Commission file number 001-13489



(Exact name of registrant as specified in its Charter)

Delaware	52-2057472
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization	Identification No.)

100 E. Vine Street
Murfreesboro, TN 37130
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)

(615) 890–2020
Registrant's telephone number, including area code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:

Title of each class

Trading

Symbols(s)

Name of each exchange on which

registered

Common, $0.01 par value

NHC

NYSE American

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) Has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d), of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S–T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated filer ☒	Accelerated filer ☐

Non–accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐

	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as is defined in Rule 12b–2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

15,324,560 shares of common stock of the registrant were outstanding as of October 30, 2023.

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
		Page
Item 1.	Financial Statements	3

Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	38

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	38

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	39

Item 1A	Risk Factors	39

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	39

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	39

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	39

Item 5.	Other Information	39

Item 6.	Exhibits	40

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

NATIONAL HEALTHCARE CORPORATION

Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30						Nine Months Ended September 30
	2023			2022			2023			2022

Revenues and grant income:
Net patient revenues	$	277,005		$	260,247		$	804,617		$	776,661
Other revenues		11,480			10,596			36,013			33,584
Government stimulus income		-			-			-			10,940
Net operating revenues and grant income		288,485			270,843			840,630			821,185

Cost and expenses:
Salaries, wages, and benefits		182,664			173,198			525,782			518,828
Other operating		72,490			72,883			217,213			218,279
Facility rent		10,094			10,294			30,087			30,770
Depreciation and amortization		10,135			10,253			30,266			30,011
Interest		77			137			268			451
Total costs and expenses		275,460			266,765			803,616			798,339

Income from operations		13,025			4,078			37,014			22,846

Other income:
Non–operating income		4,097			2,731			12,116			8,451
Unrealized gains/(losses) on marketable equity securities		(3,093	)		(11,056	)		2,943			(11,479	)

Income/(loss) before income taxes		14,029			(4,247	)		52,073			19,818
Income tax (provision)/benefit		(3,908	)		1,140			(14,750	)		(5,415	)
Net income/(loss)		10,121			(3,107	)		37,323			14,403
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest		267			678			1,069			1,689

Net income/(loss) attributable to National HealthCare Corporation	$	10,388		$	(2,429	)	$	38,392		$	16,092

Earnings/(loss) per share attributable to National HealthCare Corporation stockholders:
Basic	$	0.68		$	(0.16	)	$	2.51		$	1.04
Diluted	$	0.68		$	(0.16	)	$	2.50		$	1.04

Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic		15,299,913			15,445,569			15,311,453			15,438,375
Diluted		15,324,511			15,445,569			15,334,269			15,477,103

Dividends declared per common share	$	0.59		$	0.57		$	1.75		$	1.69

The accompanying notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

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NATIONAL HEALTHCARE CORPORATION

Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income/(Loss)

(unaudited – in thousands)

	Three Months Ended September 30						Nine Months Ended September 30
	2023			2022			2023			2022

Net income/(loss)	$	10,121		$	(3,107	)	$	37,323		$	14,403

Other comprehensive loss:
Unrealized losses on investments in marketable debt securities		(1,185	)		(3,979	)		(605	)		(13,985	)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses on sales of marketable debt securities		-			-			20			(122	)
Income tax benefit related to items of other comprehensive income		124			539			3			2,079
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		(1,061	)		(3,440	)		(582	)		(12,028	)

Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest		267			678			1,069			1,689

Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to National HealthCare Corporation	$	9,327		$	(5,869	)	$	37,810		$	4,064

The accompanying notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

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NATIONAL HEALTHCARE CORPORATION

Interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands)

	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
	unaudited
Assets
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	100,308		$	58,667
Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current portion		18,865			15,121
Marketable equity securities		102,137			100,786
Marketable debt securities		8,049			23,136
Restricted marketable equity securities		23,683			22,358
Restricted marketable debt securities, current portion		12,005			16,244
Accounts receivable		102,603			99,986
Inventories		7,373			7,088
Prepaid expenses and other assets		7,555			10,546
Total current assets		382,578			353,932

Property and Equipment:
Property and equipment, at cost		1,102,467			1,081,219
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(604,201	)		(574,687	)
Net property and equipment		498,266			506,532

Other Assets:
Restricted cash and cash equivalents, less current portion		1,082			1,077
Restricted marketable debt securities, less current portion		106,857			103,267
Deposits and other assets		13,472			12,728
Operating lease right-of-use assets		100,788			120,521
Goodwill		168,295			168,295
Intangible assets		7,038			7,038
Investments in unconsolidated companies		3,531			2,060
Total other assets		401,063			414,986
Total assets	$	1,281,907		$	1,275,450

The accompanying notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

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NATIONAL HEALTHCARE CORPORATION

Interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (continued)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
	unaudited
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current Liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	$	16,471		$	16,958
Finance lease obligations, current portion		2,134			4,985
Operating lease liabilities, current portion		29,222			29,075
Accrued payroll		69,719			72,510
Amounts due to third party payors		15,588			16,631
Accrued risk reserves, current portion		30,870			31,365
Other current liabilities		31,650			17,615
Dividends payable		9,040			8,748
Total current liabilities		204,694			197,887

Finance lease obligations, less current portion		-			860
Operating lease liabilities, less current portion		70,200			91,016
Accrued risk reserves, less current portion		77,255			71,104
Refundable entrance fees		5,949			6,207
Deferred income taxes		9,847			10,909
Other noncurrent liabilities		26,622			19,953
Total liabilities		394,567			397,936

Equity:
Common stock, $.01 par value; 45,000,000 shares authorized; 15,324,560 and 15,357,746 shares, respectively, issued and outstanding		153			153
Capital in excess of par value		226,888			226,991
Retained earnings		668,244			656,664
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(10,114	)		(9,532	)
Total National HealthCare Corporation stockholders’ equity		885,171			874,276
Noncontrolling interest		2,169			3,238
Total equity		887,340			877,514
Total liabilities and equity	$	1,281,907		$	1,275,450

The accompanying notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

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NATIONAL HEALTHCARE CORPORATION

Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited – in thousands)

	Nine Months Ended September 30
	2023			2022
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net income	$	37,323		$	14,403
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		30,266			30,011
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated investments		(1,941	)		(498	)
Distributions from unconsolidated investments		470			439
Unrealized (gains)/losses on marketable equity securities		(2,943	)		11,479
Realized losses on sale of marketable securities		603			756
Recovery of notes receivable		-			(3,728	)
Deferred income taxes		(1,059	)		4,977
Stock–based compensation		2,119			1,980
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(2,617	)		(2,879	)
Inventories		(285	)		1,284
Prepaid expenses and other assets		2,444			(11,484	)
Operating lease obligations		(936	)		-
Trade accounts payable		(487	)		(3,045	)
Accrued payroll		(2,791	)		(29,356	)
Amounts due to third party payors		(1,043	)		(2,099	)
Accrued risk reserves		5,656			5,662
Provider relief funds		-			(8,927	)
Contract liabilities		-			(14,884	)
Other current liabilities		14,035			4,014
Other noncurrent liabilities		6,669			(1,297	)
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities		85,483			(3,192	)
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Purchases of property and equipment		(19,300	)		(24,563	)
Acquisition of skilled nursing facility		(2,700	)		-
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment		-			4,175
Investments in notes receivable		(400	)		(2,000	)
Collections of notes receivable		203			4,181
Purchases of marketable securities		(21,763	)		(28,717	)
Proceeds from sale of marketable securities		36,578			38,114
Net cash used in investing activities		(7,382	)		(8,810	)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Principal payments under finance lease obligations		(3,711	)		(3,495	)
Dividends paid to common stockholders		(26,520	)		(25,830	)
Noncontrolling interest contributions		-			250
Issuance of common shares		260			1,281
Repurchase of common shares		(2,482	)		(6,907	)
Entrance fee refunds		(258	)		(840	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(32,711	)		(35,541	)
Net Increase/(Decrease) in Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents		45,390			(47,543	)
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Period		74,865			119,743
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents, End of Period	$	120,255		$	72,200

Balance Sheet Classifications:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	100,308		$	44,515
Restricted cash and cash equivalents		19,947			27,685
Total Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents	$	120,255		$	72,200

The accompanying notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

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NATIONAL HEALTHCARE CORPORATION

Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(unaudited)

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

	Common Stock					Capital in Excess of			Retained			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Non- controlling			Total Stockholders’
	Shares			Amount		Par Value			Earnings			Loss			Interest			Equity
Balance at January 1, 2023		15,357,746		$	153	$	226,991		$	656,664		$	(9,532	)	$	3,238		$	877,514
Net income/(loss)		–			–		–			11,723			–			(438	)		11,285
Other comprehensive income		–			–		–			–			1,679			–			1,679
Stock–based compensation		–			–		639			–			–			–			639
Shares sold – options exercised		7,046			–		–			–			–			–			–
Repurchase of common shares		(44,349	)		–		(2,482	)		–			–			–			(2,482	)
Dividends declared to common stockholders ($0.57 per share)		–			–		–			(8,733	)		–			–			(8,733	)
Balance at March 31, 2023		15,320,443		$	153	$	225,148		$	659,654		$	(7,853	)	$	2,800			879,902
Net income/(loss)		–			–		–			16,281			–			(364	)		15,917
Other comprehensive loss		–			–		–			–			(1,200	)		–			(1,200	)
Stock–based compensation		–			–		772			–			–			–			772
Shares sold – options exercised		100			–		6			–			–			–			6
Dividends declared to common stockholders ($0.59 per share)		–			–		–			(9,039	)		–			–			(9,039	)
Balance at June 30, 2023		15,320,543			153		225,926			666,896			(9,053	)		2,436			886,358
Net income/(loss)		–			–		–			10,388			–			(267	)		10,121
Other comprehensive loss		–			–		–			–			(1,061	)		–			(1,061	)
Stock–based compensation		–			–		708			–			–			–			708
Shares sold – options exercised		4,017			–		254			–			–			–			254
Dividends declared to common stockholders ($0.59 per share)		–			–		–			(9,040	)		–			–			(9,040	)
Balance at September 30, 2023		15,324,560			153		226,888			668,244			(10,114	)		2,169			887,340

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022:

	Common Stock						Capital in Excess of			Retained			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Non- controlling			Total Stockholders’
	Shares			Amount			Par Value			Earnings			Income/(Loss)			Interest			Equity
Balance at January 1, 2022		15,452,033		$	154		$	232,167		$	669,078		$	1,605		$	5,456		$	908,460
Net income		–			–			–			15,318			–			31			15,349
Other comprehensive loss		–			–			–			–			(5,060	)		–			(5,060	)
Stock–based compensation		–			–			712			–			–			–			712
Shares sold – options exercised		21,463			–			–			–			–			–			–
Repurchase of common shares		(2,165	)		–			(146	)		–			–			–			(146	)
Dividends declared to common stockholders ($0.55 per share)		–			–			–			(8,509	)		–			–			(8,509	)
Balance at March 31, 2022		15,471,331		$	154		$	232,733		$	675,887		$	(3,455	)	$	5,737		$	911,056
Net income/(loss)		–			–			–			3,203			–			(1,042	)		2,161
Other comprehensive loss		–			–			–			–			(3,528	)		–			(3,528	)
Stock–based compensation		–			–			629			–			–			–			629
Shares sold – options exercised		16,554			–			1,120			–			–			–			1,120
Dividends declared to common stockholders ($0.57 per share)		–			–			–			(8,828	)		–			–			(8,828	)
Balance at June 30, 2022		15,487,885		$	154		$	234,482		$	670,262		$	(6,983	)	$	4,695		$	902,610
Net income loss		–			–			–			(2,429	)		–			(678	)		(3,107	)
Other comprehensive loss		–			–			–			–			(3,440	)		–			(3,440	)
Stock–based compensation		–			–			639			–			–			–			639
Shares sold – options exercised		2,600			–			161			–			–			–			161
Repurchase of common shares		(97,382	)		(1	)		(6,760	)		–			–			–			(6,761	)
Dividends declared to common stockholders ($0.57 per share)		–			–			–			(8,774	)		–			–			(8,774	)
Balance at September 30, 2022		15,393,103			153			228,522			659,059			(10,423	)		4,017			881,328

The accompanying notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

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NATIONAL HEALTHCARE CORPORATION

Notes to Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2023

(unaudited)

Note 1 – Description of Business

National HealthCare Corporation (“NHC” or the “Company”) is a leading provider of senior health care services. As of September 30, 2023, we operate or manage, through certain affiliates, 68 skilled nursing facilities with a total of 8,732 licensed beds, 26 assisted living facilities with 1,501 units, five independent living facilities, three behavioral health hospitals, 35 homecare agencies, and 30 hospice agencies. We operate specialized care units within certain of our healthcare centers such as Alzheimer's disease care units and sub-acute nursing units. In addition, we provide insurance services, management and accounting services, and we lease properties to operators of skilled nursing and assisted living facilities. We operate in 8 states and are located primarily in the southeastern United States.

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The listing below is not intended to be a comprehensive list of all our significant accounting policies. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), with limited need for management’s judgment in their application. There are also areas in which management’s judgment in selecting any available alternative would not produce a materially different result. See our audited December 31, 2022 consolidated financial statements and notes thereto which contain accounting policies and other disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. Our audited December 31, 2022 consolidated financial statements are available at our web site: www.nhccare.com.

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements to which these notes are attached include all normal, recurring adjustments which are necessary to fairly present the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of NHC. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all entities controlled by NHC. The Company presents noncontrolling interest within the equity section of its consolidated balance sheets. The Company presents the amount of consolidated net income that is attributable to NHC and the noncontrolling interest in its consolidated statements of operations.

We assume that users of these interim financial statements have read or have access to the audited December 31, 2022 consolidated financial statements and that the adequacy of additional disclosure needed for a fair presentation, except in regard to material contingencies, may be determined in that context. Accordingly, footnotes and other disclosures which would substantially duplicate the disclosure contained in our most recent annual report to stockholders have been omitted. This interim financial information is not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for a full year for a variety of reasons.

Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates and could cause our reported net income to vary significantly from period to period.

Net Patient Revenues and Accounts Receivable

Net patient revenues are derived from services rendered to patients for skilled and intermediate nursing, rehabilitation therapy, assisted living and independent living, home health care services, hospice services, and behavioral health services. Net patient revenue is reported at the amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for providing patient services. These amounts are due from patients, governmental programs, and other third-party payors, and include variable consideration for retroactive revenue adjustments due to settlement of audits, reviews, and investigations.

The Company recognizes revenue as its performance obligations are completed. Routine services are treated as a single performance obligation satisfied over time as services are rendered. These routine services represent a bundle of services that are not capable of being distinct. The performance obligations are satisfied over time as the patient simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the healthcare services provided. Additionally, there may be ancillary services which are not included in the daily rates for routine services, but instead are treated as separate performance obligations satisfied at a point in time when those services are rendered. Contract liabilities are recorded for payments the Company receives in which performance obligations have not been completed.

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The Company determines the transaction price based on established billing rates reduced by explicit price concessions provided to third party payors. Explicit price concessions are based on contractual agreements and historical experience. The Company considers the patient's ability and intent to pay the amount of consideration upon admission. Credit losses are recorded as bad debt expense, which is included as a component of other operating expenses in the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations. Bad debt expense was $1,668,000 and $5,331,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, bad debt expense was $1,685,000 and $6,026,000, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company has recorded allowance for doubtful accounts of $8,598,000 and $6,246,000, respectively, as our best estimate of expected losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance.

Other Revenues

Other revenues include revenues from the provision of insurance services to other healthcare providers, management and accounting services to other healthcare providers, and rental income. Our insurance revenues consist of premiums that are generally paid in advance and then amortized into income over the policy period. We charge for management services based on a percentage of net revenues. We charge for accounting services based on a monthly fee or a fixed fee per bed of the healthcare center under contract. We record other revenues as the performance obligations are satisfied based on the terms of our contractual arrangements.

We recognize rental income based on the terms of our operating leases. Under certain of our leases, we receive variable rent, which is based on the increase in revenues of a lessee over a base year. We recognize variable rent annually or monthly, as applicable, when, based on the actual revenue of the lessee is earned.

Government Grants

We account for government grants in accordance with International Accounting Standard (“IAS”) 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance, and as such, we recognize grant income on a systematic basis in line with the recognition of specific expenses and lost revenues for which the grants are intended to compensate.

Segment Reporting

In accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 280, Segment Reporting, the Company is required to report financial and descriptive information about its reportable operating segments. The Company has two reportable operating segments: (1) inpatient services, which includes the operation of skilled nursing facilities, assisted and independent living facilities, and behavioral health hospitals, and (2) homecare and hospice services. The Company also reports an “all other” category that includes revenues from rental income, management and accounting services fees, insurance services, and costs of the corporate office. See Note 7 for further disclosure of the Company’s operating segments.

Other Operating Expenses

Other operating expenses include the costs of care and services that we provide to the residents of our facilities and the costs of maintaining our facilities. Our primary patient care costs include drugs, medical supplies, purchased professional services, food, and professional liability insurance and licensing fees. The primary facility costs include utilities and property insurance.

General and Administrative Costs

With the Company being a healthcare provider, the majority of our expenses are "cost of revenue" items. Costs that could be classified as "general and administrative" by the Company would include its corporate office costs, excluding stock-based compensation and incentive compensation, which were $5,661,000 and $16,309,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. General and administrative costs were $6,050,000 and $16,636,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

Long-Term Leases

The Company’s lease portfolio primarily consists of finance and operating real estate leases for certain skilled nursing facilities, assisted and independent living facilities, homecare and hospice offices, and pharmacy warehouses. The original terms of the leases typically range from two to fifteen years. Several of the real estate leases include renewal options which vary in length and may not include specific rent renewal amounts. We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception of a contract. We determine the lease term by assuming exercise of renewal options that are reasonably certain.

The Company records right-of-use assets and liabilities for non-cancelable real estate operating leases with original or remaining lease terms in excess of one year. Leases with a lease term of 12 months or less at inception are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We recognize lease components and non-lease components together and not as separate parts of a lease for real estate leases.

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Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recorded at the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. The present value of the lease payments are discounted using the incremental borrowing rate associated with each lease. The variable components of the lease payment that fluctuate with the operations of a health facility are not included in determining the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. Rather, these variable components are expensed as incurred.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is provided by the straight-line method over the expected useful lives of the assets estimated as follows: buildings and improvements, 20-40 years and equipment and furniture, 3-15 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over periods that do not exceed the non-cancelable respective lease terms using the straight-line method.

Finance leases are recorded at cost. Finance leases are amortized in accordance with the provision codified within ASC 842, Leases. Amortization of finance lease assets is included in depreciation and amortization expense.

Business Combinations

We account for acquisitions using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. Acquisitions are accounted for as purchases and are included in our consolidated financial statements from their respective acquisition dates. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed, if any, are measured at fair value on the acquisition date using the appropriate valuation method. Goodwill generated from acquisitions is recognized for the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. In determining the fair value of identifiable assets, we use various valuation techniques. These valuation methods require us to make estimates and assumptions surrounding projected revenues and costs, future growth, and discount rates.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in business combinations. Goodwill is not amortized but is subject to an annual impairment test. We perform our annual goodwill impairment assessment on the first day of the fourth quarter. Tests are performed more frequently if events occur, or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount.

The Company’s indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of trade names and certificates of need and licenses. The Company reviews indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the fair value of the intangible asset is below its carrying amount.

Accrued Risk Reserves

We are self–insured for risks related to workers' compensation and general and professional liability insurance. We have two wholly–owned limited purpose insurance companies that insure these risks. The accrued risk reserves include a liability for reported claims and estimates for incurred but unreported claims. Our policy is to engage an external, independent actuary to assist in estimating our exposure for claims obligations (for both asserted and unasserted claims). We reassess our accrued risk reserves on a quarterly basis.

Professional liability remains an area of particular concern to us. The long-term care industry has seen an increase in personal injury/wrongful death claims based on alleged negligence by skilled nursing facilities and their employees in providing care to residents. The Company has been, and continues to be, subject to claims and legal actions that arise in the ordinary course of business, including potential claims related to patient care and treatment. A significant increase in the number of these claims, or an increase in the amounts due as a result of these claims could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. It is also possible that future events could cause us to make significant adjustments or revisions to these reserve estimates and cause our reported net income to vary significantly from period to period.

We are principally self-insured for incidents occurring in all centers owned or leased by us. The coverage includes both primary policies and excess policies. In all years, settlements, if any, in excess of available insurance policy limits and our own reserves would be expensed by us.

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Continuing Care Contracts

We have one continuing care retirement center (“CCRC”) within our operations. Residents at this retirement center may enter into continuing care contracts with us. The contracts provide that 10% of the resident entry fee becomes non-refundable upon occupancy, and the remaining refundable portion of the entry fee is calculated using the lessor of the price at which the apartment is re-assigned or 90% of the original entry fee, plus 40% of any appreciation if the apartment value exceeds the original resident’s entry fee.

Non-refundable fees are included as a component of the transaction price and are amortized into revenue over the actuarily determined remaining life of the resident, which is the expected period of occupancy by the resident. We pay the refundable portion of our entry fees to residents when they relocate from our community and the apartment is re-occupied. Refundable entrance fees are not included as part of the transaction price and are classified as noncurrent liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.

We also annually estimate the present value of the cost of future services and the use of facilities to be provided to the current CCRC residents and compare that amount with the balance of non-refundable deferred revenue from entrance fees received. If the present value of the cost of future services exceeds the related anticipated revenues, a liability is recorded with a corresponding charge to income. As of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we have recorded a future service obligation liability in the amount of $2,218,000. This obligation is reflected within other noncurrent liabilities in the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Other Noncurrent Liabilities

Other noncurrent liabilities include reserves primarily related to various uncertain income tax positions, deferred revenue, and obligations to provide future services to our CCRC residents. Deferred revenue includes the deferred gain on the sale of assets to National Health Corporation (“National”) and the non-refundable portion (10%) of CCRC entrance fees being amortized over the remaining life expectancies of the residents.

Noncontrolling Interest

The noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary is presented within total equity in the Company's interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company presents the noncontrolling interest and the amount of consolidated net income attributable to NHC in its interim condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company’s earnings per share is calculated based on net income attributable to NHC’s stockholders. The carrying amount of the noncontrolling interest is adjusted based on an allocation of the subsidiary earnings, contributions, and distributions.

Variable Interest Entities

We have equity interests in unconsolidated limited liability companies that operate various post-acute and senior healthcare businesses. We analyze our investments in these limited liability companies to determine if the company is considered a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and would require consolidation. To the extent that we own interests in a VIE and we (i) have the power to direct the activities of the VIE and (ii) have the obligation or rights to absorb the VIE's losses or receive its benefits, then we would be determined to be the primary beneficiary and would consolidate the VIE. To the extent we own interests in a VIE, then at each reporting period, we re-assess our conclusions as to which, if any, party within the VIE is considered the primary beneficiary.

The Company's maximum exposure to losses in its investments in unconsolidated VIEs cannot be quantified and may or may not be limited to its investment in the unconsolidated VIE. The investments in unconsolidated VIEs are classified as “investments in unconsolidated companies” in the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Note 3 – Coronavirus Pandemic

In early March 2020, COVID-19, a disease caused by the novel strain of the coronavirus, was characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The U.S. government enacted several laws beginning in March 2020 designed to help the nation respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. The laws impacted healthcare providers in a variety of ways, but the largest legislation from a monetary relief perspective was the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act"). Through the CARES Act, as well as the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act ("PPPCHE"), the federal government allocated $178 billion to the Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund, which is referred to as the Provider Relief Fund. The Provider Relief Fund is administered through grants and other mechanisms to skilled nursing providers, home health providers, hospitals, and other Medicare and Medicaid enrolled providers to cover unreimbursed health care related expenses or lost revenue attributable to the public health emergency resulting from COVID-19.

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The Provider Relief Fund grants come with terms and condition certifications in which all providers are required to submit documents to ensure the funds are used for healthcare-related expenses or lost revenue attributable to COVID-19. The Company recorded $0 of government stimulus income from the Provider Relief Funds for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. The Company recorded $0 and $10,940,000 of government stimulus income from the Provider Relief Funds for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The grant income was determined on a systematic basis in line with the recognition of specific expenses and lost revenues for which the grants are intended to compensate. The Company’s assessment of whether the terms and conditions for amounts received have been met for income recognition and the Company’s related income calculation considered all frequently asked questions and other interpretive guidance issued to date by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”).

We have also received supplemental Medicaid payments from many of the states in which we operate to help mitigate the incremental costs resulting from the COVID-19 public health emergency. We have recorded $4,232,000 and $4,773,000 in net patient revenues for these supplemental Medicaid payments for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We have recorded $15,362,000 and $15,312,000 in net patient revenues for these supplemental Medicaid payments for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Note 4 – Net Patient Revenues

The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers by service type and by payor.

Revenue by Service Type

The Company’s net patient services can generally be classified into the following two categories: (1) inpatient services, which includes the operation of skilled nursing facilities, assisted and independent living facilities, and behavioral health hospitals, and (2) homecare and hospice services (in thousands).

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net patient revenues:
Inpatient services	$	243,865	$	228,138	$	706,795	$	680,776
Homecare and hospice		33,140		32,109		97,822		95,885
Total net patient revenue	$	277,005	$	260,247	$	804,617	$	776,661

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For inpatient and hospice services, revenue is recognized on a daily basis as each day represents a separate contract and performance obligation. For homecare, revenue is recognized when services are provided based on the number of days of service rendered in the period of care or on a per-visit basis. Typically, patients and third-party payors are billed monthly after services are performed or the patient is discharged, and payments are due based on contract terms.

As our performance obligations relate to contracts with a duration of one year or less, the Company is not required to disclose the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied at the end of the reporting period. The Company has minimal unsatisfied performance obligations at the end of the reporting period as our patients are typically under no obligation to remain admitted in our facilities or under our care. As the period between the time of service and time of payment is typically one year or less, the Company did not adjust for the effects of a significant financing component.

Revenue by Payor

Certain groups of patients receive funds to pay the cost of their care from a common source. The following table sets forth sources of net patient revenues for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
Source	2023		2022		2023		2022
Medicare		33%		37%		35%		37%
Managed Care		10%		9%		10%		10%
Medicaid		32%		29%		30%		28%
Private Pay and Other		25%		25%		25%		25%
Total		100%		100%		100%		100%

Medicare covers skilled nursing services for beneficiaries who require nursing care and/or rehabilitation services following a hospitalization of at least three consecutive days. For each eligible day a Medicare beneficiary is in a skilled nursing facility, Medicare pays the facility a daily payment, subject to adjustment for certain factors such as a wage index in the geographic area. The payment covers all services provided by the skilled nursing facility for the beneficiary that day, including room and board, nursing, therapy and drugs, as well as an estimate of capital–related costs to deliver those services.

For homecare services, Medicare pays based on the acuity level of the patient and based on periods of care. A period of care is defined as a length of care up to 30 days with multiple continuous periods allowed. The services covered by the payment include all disciplines of care, in addition to medical supplies, within the scope of the home health benefit.

For hospice services, Medicare pays a daily rate to cover the hospice’s costs for providing services included in the patient care plan. Medicare makes daily payments based on 1 of 4 levels of hospice care. All hospice care and services offered to patients and their families must follow an individualized written plan of care that meets the patient’s needs.

Our hospice service revenue is subject to certain limitations on payments from Medicare. We are subject to an inpatient cap limit and an overall Medicare payment cap for each provider number. We monitor these caps on a provider-by-provider basis and estimate amounts due back to Medicare if we estimate a cap has been exceeded. If applicable, we record these cap adjustments as a reduction to revenue.

Medicaid is operated by individual states with the financial participation of the federal government. The states in which we operate currently use prospective cost–based reimbursement systems. Under cost–based reimbursement systems, the skilled nursing facility is reimbursed for the reasonable direct and indirect allowable costs it incurred in a base year in providing routine resident care services as defined by the program.

Private pay, managed care, and other payment sources include commercial insurance, individual patient funds, managed care plans and the Veterans Administration. Private paying patients, private insurance carriers and the Veterans Administration generally pay based on the healthcare center's charges or specifically negotiated contracts. For private pay patients in skilled nursing, assisted living and independent living facilities, the Company bills for room and board charges, with the remittance being due on receipt of the statement and generally by the 10th day of the month the services are performed.

Certain managed care payors for homecare services pay on a per-visit basis. This revenue is recorded on an accrual basis based upon the date of services at amounts equal to its established or estimated per-visit rates.

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Third Party Payors

Laws and regulations governing Medicare and Medicaid programs are complex and subject to interpretation. Noncompliance with such laws and regulations can be subject to regulatory actions including fines, penalties, and exclusion from the Medicare and Medicaid programs. We believe that we are following all applicable laws and regulations.

Medicare and Medicaid program revenues, as well as certain Managed Care program revenues, are subject to audit and retroactive adjustment by government representatives or their agents. Settlements with third-party payors for retroactive adjustments due to audits, reviews or investigations are considered variable consideration and are included in the determination of the estimated transaction price for providing patient care. These settlements are estimated based on the terms of the payment agreement with the payor, correspondence from the payor and the Company’s historical settlement activity, including an assessment to ensure that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the retroactive adjustment is subsequently resolved. Estimated settlements are adjusted in future periods as adjustments become known, or as years are settled or are no longer subject to such audits, reviews, and investigations. We believe that any differences between the net revenues recorded, and final determination will not materially affect the consolidated financial statements. We have made provisions of approximately $15,588,000 and $16,631,000 as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, for various Medicare, Medicaid, and Managed Care claims reviews and current and prior year cost reports.

Note 5 – Other Revenues

Other revenues are outlined in the table below. Revenues from rental income include health care real estate properties owned by us and leased to third party operators. Revenues from management and accounting services include fees provided to manage and provide accounting services to other healthcare operators. Revenues from insurance services include premiums for workers’ compensation and professional liability insurance policies that our wholly owned insurance subsidiaries have written for certain healthcare operators to which we provide management or accounting services. "Other" revenues include miscellaneous health care related earnings (in thousands).

	Three Months Ended September 30					Nine Months Ended September 30
	2023		2022			2023		2022
Rental income	$	5,958	$	5,830		$	17,966	$	17,642
Management and accounting services fees		4,185		3,922			14,045		11,993
Insurance services		989		1,015			2,920		3,497
Other		348		(171	)		1,082		452
Total other revenues	$	11,480	$	10,596		$	36,013	$	33,584

Rental Income

The Company leases real estate assets consisting of skilled nursing facilities and assisted living facilities to third party operators. Additionally, we sublease four Florida skilled nursing facilities included in our lease from National Health Investors (“NHI”) as noted in Note 8 – Long Term Leases.

Management Fees from National Health Corporation

We manage five skilled nursing facilities owned by National Health Corporation (“National”). We recognized management fees and interest on management fees from these facilities of $1,243,000 and $1,029,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We recognized management fees and interest on management fees of $3,968,000 and $3,012,000 from these facilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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Insurance Services

For workers’ compensation insurance services, the premium revenues reflected in the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were $678,000 and $496,000, respectively. The premium revenues reflected in the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were $1,985,000 and $1,939,000, respectively. Associated losses and expenses including those for self-insurance are included in the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations as "Salaries, wages and benefits."

For professional liability insurance services, the premium revenues reflected in the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were $312,000 and $519,000, respectively. The premium revenues reflected in the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were $935,000 and $1,558,000, respectively. Associated losses and expenses including those for self–insurance are included in the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations as "Other operating costs and expenses".

Note 6 – Non–Operating Income

Non–operating income includes equity in earnings of unconsolidated investments, dividends and other realized gains and losses on sales of marketable securities, and interest income (in thousands).

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Dividends and net realized gains and losses on sales of securities	$	1,690	$	1,324	$	4,604	$	4,381
Interest income		2,222		1,373		5,571		3,572
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated investments		185		34		1,941		498
Total non-operating income	$	4,097	$	2,731	$	12,116	$	8,451

Note 7 – Business Segments

The Company has two reportable operating segments: (1) inpatient services, which includes the operation of skilled nursing facilities, assisted and independent living facilities, and behavioral health hospitals; and (2) homecare and hospice services. These reportable operating segments are consistent with information used by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, as chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), to assess performance and allocate resources. The Company also reports an “all other” category that includes revenues from rental income, management and accounting services fees, insurance services, and costs of the corporate office.

The Company’s CODM evaluates performance and allocates capital resources to each segment based on an operating model that is designed to improve the quality of patient care and profitability of the Company while enhancing long-term shareholder value. The CODM does not review assets by segment in his resource allocation and therefore, assets by segment are not disclosed below.

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The following table sets forth the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations by business segment (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Inpatient Services		Homecare and Hospice		All Other			Total
Revenues:
Net patient revenues	$	243,865	$	33,140	$	-		$	277,005
Other revenues		297		-		11,183			11,480
Net operating revenues		244,162		33,140		11,183			288,485

Costs and expenses:
Salaries, wages, and benefits		151,912		20,066		10,686			182,664
Other operating		64,228		5,868		2,394			72,490
Rent		8,186		538		1,370			10,094
Depreciation and amortization		9,203		185		747			10,135
Interest		77		-		-			77
Total costs and expenses		233,606		26,657		15,197			275,460

Income/(loss) from operations		10,556		6,483		(4,014	)		13,025
Non-operating income		-		-		4,097			4,097
Unrealized losses on marketable equity securities		-		-		(3,093	)		(3,093	)

Income/(loss) before income taxes	$	10,556	$	6,483	$	(3,010	)	$	14,029

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Inpatient Services			Homecare and Hospice		All Other			Total
Revenues:
Net patient revenues	$	228,138		$	32,109	$	-		$	260,247
Other revenues		(198	)		-		10,794			10,596
Net operating revenues		227,940			32,109		10,794			270,843

Costs and expenses:
Salaries, wages, and benefits		144,047			19,581		9,570			173,198
Other operating		66,522			6,310		51			72,883
Rent		8,088			575		1,631			10,294
Depreciation and amortization		9,198			248		807			10,253
Interest		137			-		-			137
Total costs and expenses		227,992			26,714		12,059			266,765

Income/(loss) from operations		(52	)		5,395		(1,265	)		4,078
Non-operating income		-			-		2,731			2,731
Unrealized losses on marketable equity securities		-			-		(11,056	)		(11,056	)

Income/(loss) before income taxes	$	(52	)	$	5,395	$	(9,590	)	$	(4,247	)

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	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Inpatient Services		Homecare and Hospice		All Other			Total
Revenues:
Net patient revenues	$	706,795	$	97,822	$	-		$	804,617
Other revenues		894		-		35,119			36,013
Net operating revenues		707,689		97,822		35,119			840,630

Costs and expenses:
Salaries, wages, and benefits		435,517		60,804		29,461			525,782
Other operating		192,473		17,356		7,384			217,213
Rent		24,520		1,639		3,928			30,087
Depreciation and amortization		27,474		555		2,237			30,266
Interest		268		-		-			268
Total costs and expenses		680,252		80,354		43,010			803,616

Income/(loss) from operations		27,437		17,468		(7,891	)		37,014
Non-operating income		-		-		12,116			12,116
Unrealized gains on marketable equity securities		-		-		2,943			2,943

Income before income taxes	$	27,437	$	17,468	$	7,168		$	52,073

	Nine Months Ended September, 2022
	Inpatient Services		Homecare and Hospice		All Other			Total
Revenues and grant income:
Net patient revenues	$	680,776	$	95,885	$	-		$	776,661
Other revenues		15		-		33,569			33,584
Government stimulus income		10,940		-		-			10,940
Net operating revenues and grant income		691,731		95,885		33,569			821,185

Costs and expenses:
Salaries, wages, and benefits		435,322		58,007		25,499			518,828
Other operating		192,791		19,848		5,640			218,279
Rent		24,498		1,759		4,513			30,770
Depreciation and amortization		27,120		472		2,419			30,011
Interest		451		-		-			451
Total costs and expenses		680,182		80,086		38,071			798,339

Income/(loss) from operations		11,549		15,799		(4,502	)		22,846
Non-operating income		-		-		8,451			8,451
Unrealized losses on marketable equity securities		-		-		(11,479	)		(11,479	)

Income/(loss) before income taxes	$	11,549	$	15,799	$	(7,530	)	$	19,818

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Note 8 – Long-Term Leases

Operating Leases

At September 30, 2023, we lease from NHI the real property of 28 skilled nursing facilities, five assisted living centers and three independent living centers under one lease agreement. As part of the lease agreement, we sublease four Florida skilled nursing facilities to a third-party operator. The lease includes base rent plus a percentage rent. The annual base rent is $34,075,000 in 2023, $32,625,000 in 2024, $32,225,000 in 2025, and $31,975,000 in 2026 with the lease term expiring in 2026. The percentage rent is based on a quarterly calculation of revenue increases and is payable on a quarterly basis. Total facility rent expense to NHI was $9,300,000 and $9,478,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Total facility rent expense to NHI was $27,719,000 and $28,293,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Finance Leases

At September 30, 2023, we leased and operated three senior healthcare facilities in the state of Missouri under three separate lease agreements. Two of the healthcare facilities are skilled nursing facilities that also include assisted living facilities and the third healthcare facility is a memory care facility. Each of the leases is a ten-year lease with two five–year renewal options with the original lease expiring in 2024. Under the terms of the leases, base rent totals $5,200,000 annually with rent thereafter escalating by 4% of the increase in facility revenue over the 2014 base year.

Minimum Lease Payments

The following table summarizes the maturity of our finance and operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2023 (in thousands):

	Finance Leases			Operating Leases
2024	$	2,166		$	34,765
2025		-			33,699
2026		-			32,991
2027		-			8,510
2028		-			184
Thereafter		-			4
Total minimum lease payments		2,166			110,153
Less: amounts representing interest		(32	)		(10,731	)
Present value of future minimum lease payments		2,134			99,422
Less: current portion		(2,134	)		(29,222	)
Noncurrent lease liabilities	$	-		$	70,200

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Note 9 – Earnings per Share

Basic net income per share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for each period presented. Diluted net income per share reflects the potential dilution that would have occurred if securities to issue common stock were exercised, converted, or resulted in the issuance of common stock that would have then shared in our earnings.

The following table summarizes the earnings and the weighted average number of common shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except for share and per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended September 30					Nine Months Ended September 30
	2023		2022			2023		2022
Basic:
Weighted average common shares outstanding		15,299,913		15,445,569			15,311,453		15,438,375
Net income attributable to National HealthCare Corporation	$	10,388	$	(2,429	)	$	38,392	$	16,092
Earnings per common share, basic	$	0.68	$	(0.16	)	$	2.51	$	1.04

Diluted:
Weighted average common shares outstanding		15,299,913		15,445,569			15,311,453		15,438,375
Effects of dilutive instruments		24,598		-			22,816		38,728
Weighted average common shares outstanding		15,324,511		15,445,569			15,334,269		15,477,103

Net income attributable to National HealthCare Corporation	$	10,388	$	(2,429	)	$	38,392	$	16,092
Earnings per common share, diluted	$	0.68	$	(0.16	)	$	2.50	$	1.04

In the above table, options to purchase 637,409 and 389,781 shares of our common stock have been excluded for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, due to their anti-dilutive impact.

Note 10 – Investments in Marketable Securities

Our investments in marketable equity securities are carried at fair value with the changes in unrealized gains and losses recognized in our results of operations at each measurement date. Our investments in marketable debt securities are classified as available for sale securities and carried at fair value with the unrealized gains and losses recognized through accumulated other comprehensive income at each measurement date. Any credit-related decline in fair market values below the amortized cost of our available for sale debt securities are recorded in our results of operations through an allowance for credit losses. Realized gains and losses from securities sales are recognized in results of operations upon disposition of the securities using the specific identification method on a trade date basis. Refer to Note 11 for a description of the Company's methodology for determining the fair value of marketable securities.

Marketable securities consist of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Investments available for sale:
Marketable equity securities	$	30,176	$	102,137	$	30,176	$	100,786
Corporate debt securities		4,358		4,252		14,317		13,885
Asset-backed securities		-		-		500		494
U.S. Treasury securities		3,838		3,797		9,009		8,757
Restricted investments available for sale:
Marketable equity securities		24,059		23,683		24,326		22,358
Corporate debt securities		57,745		53,928		54,412		51,009
Asset-based securities		20,661		18,572		24,605		22,437
U.S. Treasury securities		47,824		42,401		45,989		41,294
State and municipal securities		4,133		3,961		4,877		4,771
	$	192,794	$	252,731	$	208,211		265,791

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Included in the marketable equity securities are the following (in thousands, except share amounts):

September 30, 2023

December 31, 2022

Cost

Fair

Value

Cost

Fair

Value

NHI Common Stock

1,630,642

24,734

83,750

1,630,642

24,734

85,152

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities classified as available for sale, by contractual maturity, are as follows (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Cost		Fair Value		Cost		Fair Value
Maturities:
Within 1 year	$	21,937	$	21,534	$	33,662	$	33,037
1 to 5 years		76,971		71,362		81,500		76,394
6 to 10 years		38,178		32,606		38,547		33,216
Over 10 years		1,473		1,409		-		-
	$	138,559	$	126,911	$	153,709	$	142,647

Gross unrealized gains related to marketable equity securities are $73,823,000 and $71,869,000 as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Gross unrealized losses related to marketable equity securities are $2,238,000 and $3,227,000 as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized net unrealized losses of $3,093,000 and $11,056,000, respectively, for the changes in fair market value of the marketable equity securities in the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized net unrealized gains of $2,943,000 and net unrealized losses of $11,479,000, respectively, for the changes in fair market value of the marketable equity securities in the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Gross unrealized gains related to available for sale marketable debt securities are $3,000 and $9,000 as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Gross unrealized losses related to available for sale marketable debt securities are $11,651,000, comprised of securities with a fair value of $123,530,000, as of September 30, 2023. Gross unrealized losses related to available for sale marketable debt securities are $11,071,000, comprised of securities with a fair value of $139,629,000, as of December 31, 2022.

The Company’s unrealized losses in our available for sale marketable debt securities were determined to be non-credit related. The Company has not recognized any credit related impairments for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

For the marketable debt securities in gross unrealized loss positions, (a) it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell the investment securities before recovery of the unrealized losses, and (b) the Company expects that the contractual principal and interest will be received on the investment securities.

Proceeds from the sale of available for sale marketable securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were $36,578,000 and $38,114,000, respectively. Investment losses of $603,000 and $756,000 were realized on these sales during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Note 11 – Fair Value Measurements

The accounting standard for fair value measurements provides a framework for measuring fair value and requires expanded disclosures regarding fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for an asset or the exit price that would be paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. This accounting standard establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs, where available. The following summarizes the three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

	Level 1 – The valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments.
	Level 2 – The valuation is based on observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model–based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.
	Level 3 – The valuation is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by minimal or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the instrument. Level 3 valuations are typically performed using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that incorporate management’s own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the instrument, or valuations that require significant management judgment or estimation.

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A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The following table summarizes fair value measurements by level at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements Using
September 30, 2023	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets For Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	100,308	$	100,308	$	–	$	–
Restricted cash and cash equivalents		19,947		19,947		–		–
Marketable equity securities		125,820		125,820		–		–
Corporate debt securities		58,180		34,905		23,275		–
Mortgage–backed securities		18,572		–		18,572		–
U.S. Treasury securities		46,198		46,198		–		–
State and municipal securities		3,961		1,288		2,673		–
Total financial assets	$	372,986	$	328,466	$	44,520	$	–

	Fair Value Measurements Using
December 31, 2022	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets For Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	58,667	$	58,667	$	–	$	–
Restricted cash and cash equivalents		16,198		16,198		–		–
Marketable equity securities		123,144		123,144		–		–
Corporate debt securities		64,894		48,525		16,369		–
Asset–backed securities		22,931		–		22,931		–
U.S. Treasury securities		50,051		50,051		–		–
State and municipal securities		4,771		1,337		3,434		–
Total financial assets	$	340,656	$	297,922	$	42,734	$	–

Note 12 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

At September 30, 2023, the Company reviewed the carrying value of goodwill for impairment indicators. As a result of the review, there were no impairment indicators regarding the Company’s goodwill that required a quantitative test to be performed. However, our accounting estimates could materially change from period to period due to changing market factors. We will continue to monitor future events, changes in circumstances, and the potential impact thereof. If actual results are not consistent with our assumptions and estimates, we may be exposed to future goodwill impairment losses.

At September 30, 2023, the following table represents the activity related to our goodwill by segment (in thousands):

	Inpatient Services		Homecare and Hospice		All Other		Total
January 1, 2023	$	3,741	$	164,554	$	–	$	168,295
Additions		–		–		–		–
September 30, 2023	$	3,741	$	164,554	$	–	$	168,295

We also have recorded indefinite-lived intangible assets that consist of trade names ($4,340,000) and certificates of need and licenses ($2,698,000).

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Note 13 - Stock Repurchase Program

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company repurchased 44,349 shares of its common stock for a total cost of $2,482,000. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 99,547 shares of its common stock for a total cost of $6,907,000. The shares were funded from cash on hand and were cancelled and returned to the status of authorized but unissued.

Note 14 – Stock–Based Compensation

NHC recognizes stock–based compensation expense for all stock options granted over the requisite service period using the fair value at the date of grant using the Black–Scholes pricing model. Stock–based compensation totaled $708,000 and $639,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Stock-based compensation totaled $2,119,000 and $1,980,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Stock–based compensation is included in “Salaries, wages and benefits” in the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations.

At September 30, 2023, the Company had $4,068,000 of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock–based compensation awards. This unrecognized compensation cost will be amortized over an approximate two-year period.

Stock Options

The following table summarizes the significant assumptions used to value the options granted for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and for the year ended December 31, 2022.

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Risk–free interest rate		4.52%		1.83%
Expected volatility		29.30%		31.40%
Expected life, in years		2.9		2.9
Expected dividend yield		4.41%		3.57%

The following table summarizes our outstanding stock options for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and for the year ended December 31, 2022.

	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Options outstanding at January 1, 2022		374,926		$	72.95	$	–
Options granted		302,266			64.72		–
Options exercised		(32,597	)		64.49		–
Options cancelled		(199,451	)		75.98		–
Options outstanding at December 31, 2022		445,144			66.62		–
Options granted		299,712			54.45		–
Options exercised		(7,540	)		65.39		–
Options cancelled		(47,407	)		60.75		–
Options outstanding at September 30, 2023		689,909			61.75	$	2,768,603

Options exercisable at September 30, 2023		175,847			70.97	$	–

Options Outstanding September 30, 2023	Exercise Prices				Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life in Years
601,514		53.94	-	69.19		59.84		3.7
88,395		71.64	-	77.92		74.72		1.6
689,909						61.75		3.5

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Note 15 – Income Taxes

The Company's income tax provision as a percentage of our income before income taxes was 27.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The Company’s income tax benefit as a percentage of our income before income taxes was 26.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2022.

The Company's income tax provision as a percentage of our income before income taxes was 28.3% and 27.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Typically, these percentages vary from the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21% primarily due to state income taxes, excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation, benefits resulting from the lapsing of statute of limitations of items in our tax contingency reserve, and non-deductible expenses. The tax benefit related to the statute of limitation expirations was $0 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The tax benefit related to the statute of limitation expirations was $437,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Our quarterly income tax provision, and our estimate of our annual effective income tax rate, is subject to variation due to several factors, including volatility based on the amount of pre-tax income or loss.

The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal and state examinations by tax authorities for years before 2019 (with certain state exceptions).

Note 16 – Credit Facility

In May 2023, we entered into an unsecured $50,000,000 credit facility that has a 364-day maturity date. Loans bear interest at the one-month secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) plus 1.25%. If we maintain certain aggregate deposit levels within the financial institution, the credit facility shall bear interest at one-month SOFR plus 1.10%. The credit facility is available for general corporate purposes, including working capital and acquisitions. The credit facility agreement contains customary representations and financial covenants, including covenants that restrict, among other things, asset dispositions, additional indebtedness, investments, sale-leasebacks, and certain contingent liabilities. The credit facility contains customary events of default and remedies.

As of September 30, 2023, we have no outstanding balance on the credit facility.

Note 17 – Contingencies and Commitments

Accrued Risk Reserves

We have wholly–owned limited purpose insurance companies that insure risks related to workers’ compensation and general and professional liability insurance claims both for our owned and leased entities and certain of the entities to which we provide management or accounting services. The liability we have recognized for reported claims and estimates for incurred but unreported claims totals $108,125,000 and $102,469,000 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The liability is included in accrued risk reserves in the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets and is subject to adjustment for actual claims incurred. It is possible that these claims plus unasserted claims could exceed our insurance coverages and our reserves, which could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

As a result of the terms of our insurance policies and our use of wholly owned limited purpose insurance companies, we have retained significant insurance risk with respect to workers’ compensation and general and professional liability. We consider the professional services of independent actuaries to assist us in estimating our exposures for claims obligations (for both asserted and unasserted claims) related to deductibles and exposures in excess of coverage limits, and we maintain reserves for these obligations. Such estimates are based on many variables including historical and statistical information and other factors.

Workers’ Compensation

For workers’ compensation, we utilize a wholly–owned Tennessee domiciled property/casualty insurance company to write coverage for NHC affiliates and for third–party customers. Policies are written for a duration of twelve months and cover only risks related to workers’ compensation losses. All customers are companies which operate in the senior care industry. Business is written on a direct basis.

General and Professional Liability Insurance and Lawsuits

The senior care industry has experienced significant increases in both the number of personal injury/wrongful death claims and in the severity of awards based upon alleged negligence by skilled nursing facilities and their employees in providing care to residents. The Company has been, and continues to be, subject to claims and legal actions that arise in the ordinary course of business, including potential claims related to patient care and treatment. The defense of these lawsuits may result in significant legal costs, regardless of the outcome, and can result in large settlement amounts or damage awards. Additional insurance is purchased through third party providers that serve to supplement the coverage provided through our wholly owned captive insurance company.

There is certain additional litigation incidental to our business, none of which, based upon information available to date, would be material to our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. In addition, the long–term care industry is continuously subject to scrutiny by governmental regulators, which could result in litigation or claims related to regulatory compliance matters.

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Qui Tam Litigation

United States of America, ex rel. Jennifer Cook and Sally Gaither v. Integrated Behavioral Health, Inc., NHC HealthCare/Moulton, LLC, et al., Case No. 2:20-CV-00877-AMM (N.D. Ala.) This is a qui tam case originally filed under seal on June 22, 2020. The United States declined intervention on March 1, 2021. Thereafter, the Plaintiffs filed an amended Complaint against Dr. Sanja Malhotra, Integrated Behavioral Health, Inc. and other entities that Dr. Malhotra was alleged to own or in which he allegedly had a financial interest. The Complaint also named multiple skilled nursing facilities as Defendants, including NHC Healthcare/Moulton, LLC, an affiliate of National HealthCare Corporation. The Complaint alleged that nurse practitioners affiliated with Dr. Malhotra provided free services to the facilities in exchange for referrals to entities owned by or in which Dr. Malhotra had a financial interest in violation of the False Claims Act and Anti-Kickback Statute. NHC Healthcare/Moulton, LLC denied the allegations and filed a motion to dismiss on November 4, 2021. On January 28, 2022, the district court stayed this matter and administratively terminated the motion to dismiss pending the U.S. Supreme Court's review of a petition for certiorari filed in an unrelated matter but involving one of the legal arguments raised in the motion to dismiss. Thereafter, the U.S. Supreme Court denied the petition for certiorari in the unrelated matter. As a result, NHC Healthcare/Moulton, LLC renewed its motion to dismiss. The District Court granted NHC Healthcare/Moulton’s Motion to Dismiss, along with other pending Motions to Dismiss, and entered an Order of Dismissal on March 23, 2023 and an Amended Order of Dismissal on April 4, 2023, which dismissed the case in its entirety with prejudice with respect to the claims asserted by the Plaintiffs. The Plaintiffs filed a Notice of Appeal on April 20, 2023 to appeal the dismissal to the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals, which remains pending.

Governmental Regulations

Laws and regulations governing Medicare, Medicaid and other federal healthcare programs are complex and subject to interpretation. Management believes that it is following all applicable laws and regulations in all material respects. However, compliance with such laws and regulations can be subject to future government review and interpretation as well as significant regulatory action including fines, penalties, and exclusions from the Medicare, Medicaid and other federal healthcare programs.

Item 2.

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Forward–Looking Statements

References throughout this document to the Company include National HealthCare Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiaries. In accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commissions “Plain English” guidelines, this Quarterly Report on Form 10–Q has been written in the first person. In this document, the words “we”, “our”, “ours” and “us” refer only to National HealthCare Corporation and its wholly–owned subsidiaries and not any other person.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10–Q and other information we provide from time to time, contains certain “forward–looking” statements as that term is defined by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements regarding our expected future financial position, results of operations or cash flows, continued performance improvements, ability to service and refinance our debt obligations, ability to finance growth opportunities, ability to control our patient care liability costs, ability to respond to changes in government regulations, ability to execute our three–year strategic plan, and similar statements including, without limitations, those containing words such as “believes”, “anticipates”, “expects”, “intends”, “estimates”, “plans”, and other similar expressions are forward–looking statements.

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Forward–looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results in future periods to differ materially from those projected or contemplated in the forward–looking statements as a result of, but not limited to, the following factors:

●	national and local economic conditions, including their effect on the availability and cost of labor, utilities and materials;

●	the effect of government regulations and changes in regulations governing the healthcare industry, including our compliance with such regulations;

●	changes in Medicare and Medicaid payment levels and methodologies and the application of such methodologies by the government and its fiscal intermediaries;

●	liabilities and other claims asserted against us, including patient care liabilities, as well as the resolution of current litigation (see Note 17: Contingencies and Commitments);

●	the ability to attract and retain qualified personnel;

●	the availability and terms of capital to fund acquisitions and capital improvements;

●	the competitive environment in which we operate;

●	our need to make investments continually in our processes and information systems to protect the privacy of patients, partners and other persons and reduce the risk of successful cybersecurity attacks;

●	damage to our reputation, regulatory penalties, legal claims and liability under state and federal laws that we could suffer upon any cybersecurity or privacy breaches;

●	the ability to maintain and increase census levels; and

●	demographic changes.

See the notes to the quarterly financial statements, and “Item 1. Business” in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10–K for a discussion of various governmental regulations and other operating factors relating to the healthcare industry and the risk factors inherent in them. This may be found on our web site at www.nhccare.com. You should carefully consider these risks before making any investment in the Company. These risks and uncertainties are not the only ones facing us. There may be additional risks that we do not presently know of or that we currently deem immaterial. If any of the risks occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In that case, the trading price of our shares of stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. Given these risks and uncertainties, we can give no assurances that these forward–looking statements will, in fact, transpire and, therefore, caution investors not to place undue reliance on them.

Overview

National HealthCare Corporation (“NHC” or the “Company”) is a leading provider of senior health care services. As of September 30, 2023, we operate or manage, through certain affiliates, 68 skilled nursing facilities with a total of 8,732 licensed beds, 26 assisted living facilities with 1,501 units, five independent living facilities, three behavioral health hospitals, 35 homecare agencies, and 30 hospice agencies. We operate specialized care units within certain of our healthcare centers such as Alzheimer's disease care units and sub-acute nursing units. In addition, we provide insurance services, management and accounting services, and we lease properties to operators of skilled nursing and assisted living facilities. We operate in 8 states and are located primarily in the southeastern United States.

Impact of COVID-19

In early March 2020, COVID-19, a disease caused by the novel strain of the coronavirus, was characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. As a provider of healthcare services, we were significantly exposed to the public health and economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. NHC’s primary objective was and has remained the same throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: that is to protect the health and safety of our patients, residents, and partners (employees). We continue to follow all guidance from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (“CDC”), and state and local health departments to prevent the spread of the disease within our operations.

We began our first vaccination clinics in our skilled nursing facilities in December 2020. As the vaccination clinics progressed and as the vaccine became more accessible, we began to see a significant decline in COVID-19 cases among our operations, as well as a significant decrease in the adverse health events related to COVID. Despite the COVID-19 cases and adverse health events from COVID declining, our operating expenses remained elevated with incentive compensation being paid to attract and retain frontline partners, as well as increased costs of personal protective equipment (“PPE”), sanitizers and cleaning supplies, and COVID-19 testing of our patients and partners. Despite the continued disruption of COVID-19 to our operations, our capital and financial resources, including our overall liquidity, remain strong. Our liquidity provides us with significant flexibility to maintain the strength of our balance sheet in periods of uncertainty or stress.

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Legislation and Government Stimulus Due to COVID-19

The U.S. government enacted several laws beginning in March 2020 designed to help the nation respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. The new laws impacted healthcare providers in a variety of ways, but the largest legislation from a monetary relief perspective was the CARES Act. Through the CARES Act, as well as the PPPCHE, the federal government allocated $178 billion to the Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund, which is referred to as the Provider Relief Fund. The Provider Relief Fund is administered through grants and other mechanisms to skilled nursing providers, home health providers, hospitals, and other Medicare and Medicaid enrolled providers to cover unreimbursed health care related expenses or lost revenue attributable to the public health emergency resulting from COVID-19.

The Provider Relief Fund grants come with terms and condition certifications in which all providers are required to submit documents to ensure the funds are used for healthcare-related expenses or lost revenue attributable to COVID-19. The Company recorded $0 of government stimulus income from the Provider Relief Funds for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. The Company recorded $0 and $10,940,000 of government stimulus income from the Provider Relief Funds for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The grant income was determined on a systematic basis in line with the recognition of specific expenses and lost revenues for which the grants are intended to compensate. The Company’s assessment of whether the terms and conditions for amounts received have been met for income recognition and the Company’s related income calculation considered all frequently asked questions and other interpretive guidance issued to date by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”).

We have also received supplemental Medicaid payments from many of the states in which we operate to help mitigate the incremental costs resulting from the COVID-19 public health emergency. We have recorded $4,232,000 and $4,773,000 in net patient revenues for these supplemental Medicaid payments for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We have recorded $15,362,000 and $15,312,000 in net patient revenues for these supplemental Medicaid payments for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Summary of Goals and Areas of Focus

Occupancy

A primary area of management focus continues to be the rates of occupancy within our skilled nursing facilities. The overall census in owned and leased skilled nursing facilities for the three months ending September 30, 2023 was 88.1% compared to 83.7% for the same period a year ago. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, overall census in our owned and leased skilled nursing facilities was 87.8% compared to 83.4% for the same period a year ago.

Due to America’s healthcare labor shortage, the challenge of maintaining desirable patient census levels has been amplified. Management has undertaken a number of steps in order to best position our current and future health care facilities. This includes working internally to examine and improve systems to be most responsive to referral sources and payors, as well as find creative initiatives to retain and attract qualified healthcare professionals. Additionally, NHC is in various stages of partnerships with hospital systems, payors, and other post–acute alliances to better position us so we are an active participant in the delivery of post-acute healthcare services.

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Quality of Patient Care

CMS introduced the Five-Star Quality Rating System to help consumers, their families and caregivers compare skilled nursing facilities more easily. The Five-Star Quality Rating System gives each skilled nursing operation a rating ranging between one and five stars in various categories (five stars being the best). The Company has always strived for patient-centered care and quality outcomes as precursors to outstanding financial performance.

The tables below summarize NHC's overall performance in these Five-Star ratings versus the skilled nursing industry as of September 30, 2023:

	NHC Ratings			Industry Ratings
Total number of skilled nursing facilities, end of period		68
Number of 4 and 5-star rated skilled nursing facilities		39
Percentage of 4 and 5-star rated skilled nursing facilities		57	%		36	%
Average rating for all skilled nursing facilities, end of period		3.6			2.9

Development and Growth

We are undertaking to expand our senior care operations while protecting our existing operations and markets. The following table lists our recent development activities.

Type of Operation	Description	Size	Location	Placed in Service
Homecare	New Agency	1 agency	Anderson, SC	January 2022
Hospice	New Agency	1 agency	Tullahoma, TN	March 2022
Behavioral Health Hospital	New Facility	64 beds	Knoxville, TN	April 2022
Behavioral Health Hospital	New Facility	16 beds	St. Louis, MO	June 2022
Hospice	New Agency	1 agency	Cedar Bluff, VA	March 2023
Skilled Nursing	Acquisition	66 beds	Nashville, TN	May 2023
Homecare	New Agency	1 agency	Tallahassee, FL	May 2023
Assisted Living Facility	New Operations	135 units	Vero Beach, FL	July 2023
Assisted Living Facility	New Operations	95 units	Merritt Island, FL	July 2023
Assisted Living Facility	New Operations	100 units	Stuart, FL	July 2023

Accrued Risk Reserves

Our accrued professional liability and workers’ compensation reserves totaled $108,125,000 at September 30, 2023 and are a primary area of management focus. We have set aside restricted cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities to fund our estimated professional liability and workers’ compensation liabilities.

As to exposure for professional liability claims, we have developed performance certification criteria to measure and bring focus to the patient care issues most likely to produce professional liability exposure, including in–house acquired pressure ulcers, significant weight loss and numbers of falls. These programs for certification, which we regularly modify and improve, have produced measurable improvements in reducing these incidents. Our experience is that achieving goals in these patient care areas improves both patient and employee satisfaction.

Government Reimbursement Programs

Medicare – Skilled Nursing Facilities

In July 2022, CMS released its final rule outlining fiscal year 2023 Medicare payment rates and policy changes for skilled nursing facilities, which began on October 1, 2022. The fiscal year 2023 rule provided for an approximate 2.7% increase, or $904 million, compared to 2022 levels. The net increase includes a 3.9% market-basket increase plus a 1.5% market basket forecast error adjustment, less a 0.3% productivity adjustment and a 2.3% decrease in the FY 2023 SNF PPS rates as a result of the recalibrated parity adjustment. The recalibrated parity adjustment is a total of 4.6% and is being phased in over the next two years (2.3% annually).

In July 2023, CMS released its final rule outlining fiscal year 2024 Medicare payment rates and policy changes for skilled nursing facilities, which begins on October 1, 2023. The fiscal year 2024 rule equates to a net increase of 4.0%, or approximately $1.4 billion, in Medicare Part A payments to SNFs in fiscal year 2024 compared to 2023 levels. The rule includes a 3.0% market basket rate increase, a 3.6% market basket forecast error adjustment, less a 0.2% productivity adjustment, as well as a negative 2.3%, or approximately $789 million, decrease in 2024 SNF Payment Prospective Systems rates as a result of the second phase of the Patient Driven Payment Model parity adjustment recalibration.

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For the first nine months of 2023, our average Medicare per diem rate for skilled nursing facilities increased 2.2% as compared to the same period in 2022.

Medicaid – Skilled Nursing Facilities

Effective July 1, 2023 and for the fiscal year 2024, the state of Tennessee implemented specific individual nursing facility increases. We estimate the resulting increase in revenue for the 2024 fiscal year will be approximately $15,000,000 annually, or $3,750,000 per quarter.

Effective October 1, 2023 and for the fiscal year 2024, the state of South Carolina implemented specific individual nursing facility increases. We estimate the resulting increase in revenue for the 2024 fiscal year will be approximately $9,000,000 annually, or $2,250,000 per quarter.

Effective July 1, 2023 and for the fiscal year 2024, the state of Missouri implemented specific individual nursing facility increases. We estimate the resulting increase in revenue for the 2024 fiscal year will be approximately $5,000,000 annually, or $1,250,000 per quarter.

We have also received from many of the states in which we operate supplemental Medicaid payments to help mitigate the incremental costs resulting from the COVID-19 public health emergency. This funding includes healthcare relief funding under the American Rescue Plan Act (“ARPA”) and increases in the Federal Medical Assistance Percentage (“FMAP”) under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act (“FFCRA”). We have recorded $4,232,000 and $4,773,000 in net patient revenues for these supplemental Medicaid payments for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We have recorded $15,362,000 and $15,312,000 in net patient revenues for these supplemental Medicaid payments for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The end of the public health emergency created a gradual phase down of the temporary increase in FMAP funding until it is completely phased out at the end of 2023.

For the first nine months of 2023, our average Medicaid per diem increased 7.9% compared to the same period in 2022.

State Medicaid plans subject to budget constraints are of particular concern to us. Changes in federal funding coupled with state budget problems and Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act have produced an uncertain environment. Some states will not keep pace with post-acute healthcare inflation. States are currently under pressure to pursue other alternatives to skilled nursing care such as community and home–based services. Medicaid programs are funded jointly by the federal government and the states and are administered by states under approved plans. Most state Medicaid payments are made under a prospective payment system or under programs which negotiate payment levels with individual providers. Some states use, or have applied to use, waivers granted by CMS to implement expansion, impose different eligibility or enrollment restrictions, or otherwise implement programs that vary from federal standards.

Medicare – Homecare Programs

In October 2022, CMS released its final rule outlining fiscal year 2023 Medicare payment rates. CMS issued a rate increase of 0.7%, or $125 million, effective January 1, 2023. The increase reflects the effects of the home health payment update percentage of 4.0%, a permanent behavioral assumption adjustment resulting in a decrease of 3.5%, and an estimated 0.2% increase that reflects the effects of an update to the fixed-dollar loss ratio used in determining outlier payments.

In June 2023, CMS released its proposed rule outlining fiscal year 2024 Medicare payment rates. CMS projects payments to home health agencies in fiscal year 2024 will decrease by 2.2% or $375 million, relative to the prior year. This decrease reflects a 3.0% market basket update, reduced by a 0.3 % productivity adjustment. However, the agency also proposes to apply the full permanent behavioral adjustment due to the implementation of the Patient-Driven Groups Model, resulting in a decrease of 5.1% in CY 2024, which would reduce total payments by an aggregate of $870 million. In addition, the agency also proposes an estimated 0.2% increase in payments for high-cost outlier cases.

Medicare – Hospice

In July 2022, CMS released its final rule outlining fiscal year 2023 Medicare payment rates. CMS issued a rate increase of 3.8%, or $825 million, effective October 1, 2022. The increase is the result of a 4.1% inpatient hospital market basket increase reduced by a 0.3% productivity adjustment. The FY2023 hospice payment update also includes an update to the statutory aggregate cap amount, which limits the overall payments per patient that are made annually. The cap amount for FY2023 is $32,487.

In July 2023, CMS released its final rule outlining fiscal year 2024 Medicare payment rates. CMS issued a rate increase of 3.1%, or $780 million, effective October 1, 2023. This increase is the result of a 3.3% market basket increase reduced by a 0.2% productivity adjustment. The FY2024 hospice payment update also includes an update to the statutory aggregate cap amount, which limits the overall payments per patient that are made annually. The cap amount for FY2024 is $33,494.

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Segment Reporting

The Company’s CODM evaluates performance and allocates capital resources to each segment based on an operating model that is designed to improve the quality of patient care and profitability of the Company while enhancing long-term shareholder value. The CODM does not review assets by segment in his resource allocation and therefore, assets by segment are not disclosed below.

The following table sets forth the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations by business segment (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Inpatient Services		Homecare and Hospice		All Other			Total
Revenues:
Net patient revenues	$	243,865	$	33,140	$	-		$	277,005
Other revenues		297		-		11,183			11,480
Net operating revenues		244,162		33,140		11,183			288,485

Costs and expenses:
Salaries, wages, and benefits		151,912		20,066		10,686			182,664
Other operating		64,228		5,868		2,394			72,490
Rent		8,186		538		1,370			10,094
Depreciation and amortization		9,203		185		747			10,135
Interest		77		-		-			77
Total costs and expenses		233,606		26,657		15,197			275,460

Income/(loss) from operations		10,556		6,483		(4,014	)		13,025
Non-operating income		-		-		4,097			4,097
Unrealized losses on marketable equity securities		-		-		(3,093	)		(3,093	)

Income/(loss) before income taxes	$	10,556	$	6,483	$	(3,010	)	$	14,029

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Inpatient Services			Homecare and Hospice		All Other			Total
Revenues:
Net patient revenues	$	228,138		$	32,109	$	-		$	260,247
Other revenues		(198	)		-		10,794			10,596
Net operating revenues		227,940			32,109		10,794			270,843

Costs and expenses:
Salaries, wages, and benefits		144,047			19,581		9,570			173,198
Other operating		66,522			6,310		51			72,883
Rent		8,088			575		1,631			10,294
Depreciation and amortization		9,198			248		807			10,253
Interest		137			-		-			137
Total costs and expenses		227,992			26,714		12,059			266,765

Income/(loss) from operations		(52	)		5,395		(1,265	)		4,078
Non-operating income		-			-		2,731			2,731
Unrealized losses on marketable equity securities		-			-		(11,056	)		(11,056	)

Income/(loss) before income taxes	$	(52	)	$	5,395	$	(9,590	)	$	(4,247	)

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	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Inpatient Services		Homecare and Hospice		All Other			Total
Revenues:
Net patient revenues	$	706,795	$	97,822	$	-		$	804,617
Other revenues		894		-		35,119			36,013
Net operating revenues		707,689		97,822		35,119			840,630

Costs and expenses:
Salaries, wages, and benefits		435,517		60,804		29,461			525,782
Other operating		192,473		17,356		7,384			217,213
Rent		24,520		1,639		3,928			30,087
Depreciation and amortization		27,474		555		2,237			30,266
Interest		268		-		-			268
Total costs and expenses		680,252		80,354		43,010			803,616

Income/(loss) from operations		27,437		17,468		(7,891	)		37,014
Non-operating income		-		-		12,116			12,116
Unrealized gains on marketable equity securities		-		-		2,943			2,943

Income before income taxes	$	27,437	$	17,468	$	7,168		$	52,073

	Nine Months Ended September, 2022
	Inpatient Services		Homecare and Hospice		All Other			Total
Revenues and grant income:
Net patient revenues	$	680,776	$	95,885	$	-		$	776,661
Other revenues		15		-		33,569			33,584
Government stimulus income		10,940		-		-			10,940
Net operating revenues and grant income		691,731		95,885		33,569			821,185

Costs and expenses:
Salaries, wages, and benefits		435,322		58,007		25,499			518,828
Other operating		192,791		19,848		5,640			218,279
Rent		24,498		1,759		4,513			30,770
Depreciation and amortization		27,120		472		2,419			30,011
Interest		451		-		-			451
Total costs and expenses		680,182		80,086		38,071			798,339

Income/(loss) from operations		11,549		15,799		(4,502	)		22,846
Non-operating income		-		-		8,451			8,451
Unrealized losses on marketable equity securities		-		-		(11,479	)		(11,479	)

Income/(loss) before income taxes	$	11,549	$	15,799	$	(7,530	)	$	19,818

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Non-GAAP Financial Presentation

The Company is providing certain non-GAAP financial measures as the Company believes that these figures are helpful in allowing investors to more accurately assess the ongoing nature of the Company’s operations and measure the Company’s performance more consistently across periods. Therefore, the Company believes this information is meaningful in addition to the information contained in the GAAP presentation of financial information. The presentation of this additional non-GAAP financial information is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP.

Specifically, the Company believes the presentation of non-GAAP financial information that excludes the unrealized gains or losses on our marketable equity securities, operating results for the newly constructed healthcare facilities or start-up operations not at full capacity, and share-based compensation expense is helpful in allowing investors to assess the Company’s operations more accurately.

The operating results for the newly constructed healthcare facilities or agencies not at full capacity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 include facilities or agencies that began operations from 2021 to 2023, which is two behavioral health hospitals, two homecare agencies, and two hospice agencies. For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022, included are facilities or agencies that began operations from 2020 to 2022, which is two behavioral health hospitals, one homecare agency, and one hospice agency.

The tables below provide reconciliations of GAAP to non-GAAP items (dollars in thousands, except per share data):

	Three Months Ended September 30						Nine Months Ended September 30
	2023			2022			2023			2022

Net income/(loss) attributable to National Healthcare Corporation	$	10,388		$	(2,429	)	$	38,392		$	16,092
Non-GAAP adjustments:
Unrealized (gains)/losses on marketable equity securities		3,093			11,056			(2,943	)		11,479
Operating results for newly opened facilities or agencies not at full capacity		66			2,105			1,616			4,033
Share-based compensation expense		708			639			2,119			1,980
Income tax provision on non-GAAP adjustments		(1,005	)		(3,588	)		(206	)		(4,548	)
Non-GAAP Net income	$	13,250		$	7,783		$	38,978		$	29,036


GAAP diluted earnings/(loss) per share	$	0.68		$	(0.16	)	$	2.51		$	1.04
Non-GAAP adjustments:
Unrealized (gains)/losses on marketable equity securities		0.15			0.53			(0.14	)		0.56
Operating results for newly opened facilities or agencies not at full capacity		-			0.10			0.07			0.19
Share-based compensation expense		0.03			0.03			0.10			0.09
Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share	$	0.86		$	0.50		$	2.54		$	1.88

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Results of Operations

The following table and discussion set forth items from the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations as a percentage of net operating revenues and grant income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Percentage of Net Operating Revenues and Grant Income

	Three Months Ended September 30						Nine Months Ended September 30
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Net operating revenues and grant income		100.0	%		100.0	%		100	%		100	%
Costs and expenses:
Salaries, wages, and benefits		63.3			63.9			62.5			63.2
Other operating		25.1			26.9			25.8			26.5
Facility rent		3.5			3.8			3.6			3.7
Depreciation and amortization		3.5			3.8			3.6			3.7
Interest		0.1			0.1			0.1			0.1
Total costs and expenses		95.5			98.5			95.6			97.2
Income from operations		4.5			1.5			4.4			2.8
Non–operating income		1.4			1.0			1.4			1.0
Unrealized gains/(losses) on marketable equity securities		(1.0	)		(4.1	)		0.4			(1.4	)
Income/(loss) before income taxes		4.9			(1.6	)		6.2			2.4
Income tax (provision)/benefit		(1.4	)		0.5			(1.8	)		(0.6	)
Net income/(loss)		3.5			(1.1	)		4.4			1.8
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest		0.1			0.2			0.2			0.2
Net income/(loss) attributable to stockholders of NHC		3.6			(0.9	)		4.6			2.0

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2022

Results for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 compared to the third quarter of 2022 include a 6.5% increase in net operating revenues. The net operating revenues increase was primarily driven by the continued occupancy increase in our skilled nursing facilities, as well as increases in skilled nursing per diems from some of our government payors. Excluding the seven skilled nursing facilities in Massachusetts and New Hampshire in which we ceased operations in September 2022, same-facility net operating revenues increased 11.8% during the third quarter of 2023 compared to the same period a year ago.

For the quarter ended September 30, 2023, GAAP net income attributable to NHC was $10,388,000 compared to a net loss of $2,429,000 for the same period in 2022. Excluding the unrealized losses in our marketable equity securities portfolio and other non-GAAP adjustments, adjusted net income for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 was $13,250,000 compared to $7,783,000 for the same period in 2022. The increase in non-GAAP earnings for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 compared to the third quarter of 2022 was primarily due to the continued occupancy increase in our skilled nursing and assisted living facilities, skilled nursing per diem increases from some of our government payors, and the continued reduction of nurse agency staffing expense within our operations.

Net operating revenues

Net patient revenues increased $16,758,000, or 6.4%, compared to the same period last year.

The total census at owned and leased skilled nursing facilities for the quarter averaged 88.1%, compared to an average of 83.7% for the same quarter a year ago. Overall, the composite skilled nursing facility per diem increased 7.6% compared to the same quarter a year ago. Our Medicare per diem rates increased 3.0% and managed care per diem rates increased 14.0% compared to the same quarter a year ago. Medicaid and private pay per diem rates increased 7.9% and 6.7%, respectively, compared to the same quarter a year ago. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, $4,232,000 and $4,773,000 have been included in our net patient revenues for supplemental COVID-19 Medicaid payments.

New operations, which include one skilled nursing facility acquired May 1, 2023, three assisted living facilities that we began operating on July 1, 2023, two behavioral health hospitals, two hospice agencies and two homecare agencies, have attributed to an increase of $9,625,000 in net patient revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same quarter last year. In September 2022, the Company transferred the operations of seven skilled nursing facilities located in Massachusetts and New Hampshire, which resulted in net patient revenues decreasing $12,876,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same quarter last year.

Other revenues increased $884,000, or 8.3%, compared to the same quarter last year, as further detailed in Note 5 to our interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Total costs and expenses

Total costs and expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period of 2022 increased $8,695,000, or 3.3% to $275,460,000 from $266,765,000.

Salaries, wages, and benefits increased $9,466,000 or 5.5%, to $182,664,000 from $173,198,000. Salaries, wages, and benefits as a percentage of net operating revenues was 63.3% compared to 63.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We continue to face workforce and labor shortages within all of our operations. The labor and workforce shortages have resulted in us contracting with agency nurse staffing companies in certain markets. The agency nurse staffing companies charge inflated hourly rates; therefore, we are working diligently to find solutions to reduce and eliminate the agency nurse staffing within our healthcare operations. For the quarter ended September 30, 2023, our agency nurse staffing expenses decreased $8,181,000, or approximately 48.4%, compared to the same period a year ago.

New operations, which include one skilled nursing facility acquired May 1, 2023, three assisted living facilities that we began operating on July 1, 2023, two behavioral health hospitals, two hospice agencies and two homecare agencies, have attributed to an increase in salaries, wages, and benefits of $4,778,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same quarter last year. In September 2022, the Company transferred the operations of seven skilled nursing facilities located in Massachusetts and New Hampshire, which resulted in salaries, wages, and benefits decreasing $8,210,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same quarter last year.

Other operating expenses decreased $393,000, or 0.5%, to $72,490,000 for the 2023 period compared to $72,883,000 for the 2022 period. Other operating expenses as a percentage of net operating revenues was 25.1% and 26.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The transfer of the operations of the seven skilled nursing facilities located in Massachusetts and New Hampshire, as noted above, resulted in other operating expenses decreasing $3,245,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same quarter last year. We continue to face inflationary pressures in certain categories within other operating expenses as well, such as food/dietary supplies and drugs/pharmaceutical supplies.

Other income

Non–operating income increased by $1,366,000 compared to the same period last year, as further detailed in Note 6 to our interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

Income taxes

The income tax provision for the three months ended September 30, 2023 is $3,908,000 (an effective income tax rate of 27.9%).

Noncontrolling interest

The noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries is presented within total equity of the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company presents the noncontrolling interest and the amount of consolidated net income attributable to NHC in its consolidated statements of operations. The Company’s earnings per share is calculated based on net income attributable to NHC’s stockholders. The carrying amount of the noncontrolling interest is adjusted based on an allocation of subsidiary earnings based on ownership interest.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022

Results for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period of 2022 include a 2.4% increase in net operating revenues and grant income. Excluding the government stimulus income and the seven skilled nursing facilities in Massachusetts and New Hampshire in which we ceased operations in September 2022, same-facility net operating revenues increased 10.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period a year ago.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, GAAP net income attributable to NHC was $38,392,000 compared to net income of $16,092,000 for the same period in 2022. Excluding the unrealized gains and losses in our marketable equity securities portfolio and other non-GAAP adjustments, adjusted net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $38,978,000 compared to $29,036,000 for the same period in 2022. The increase in non-GAAP earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in the prior year was primarily due to the continued occupancy increase in our skilled nursing facilities, skilled nursing per diem increases from some of our government payors, and the continued reduction of nurse agency staffing expense within our operations.

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Net operating revenues and grant income

Net patient revenues increased $27,956,000, or 3.6%, compared to the same period last year.

The total census at owned and leased skilled nursing facilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 averaged 87.8%, compared to an average of 83.4% for the same period a year ago. Overall, the composite skilled nursing facility per diem increased 6.0% compared to the same period a year ago. Our Medicare per diem rates increased 2.2% and managed care per diem rates increased 8.2% compared to the same period a year ago. Medicaid and private pay per diem rates increased 7.9% and 4.1%, respectively, compared to the same period a year ago. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, $15,362,000 and $15,312,000 have been included in our net patient revenues for supplemental COVID-19 Medicaid payments.

New operations, which include one skilled nursing facility acquired May 1, 2023, three assisted living facilities that we began operating on July 1, 2023, two behavioral health hospitals, two hospice agencies and two homecare agencies, have attributed to an increase of $18,490,000 in net patient revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period last year. In September 2022, the Company transferred the operations of seven skilled nursing facilities located in Massachusetts and New Hampshire, which resulted in net patient revenues decreasing $48,362,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period last year.

Other revenues increased $2,429,000, or 7.2%, compared to the same period last year, as further detailed in Note 5 to our interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, we recorded $0 and $10,940,000 in government stimulus income related to funds received from the CARES Act Provider Relief Fund. See Note 3 - Coronavirus Pandemic for additional information.

Total costs and expenses

Total costs and expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period of 2022 increased $5,277,000, or 0.7% to $803,616,000 from $798,339,000.

Salaries, wages, and benefits increased $6,954,000, or 1.3%, to $525,782,000 from $518,828,000. Salaries, wages, and benefits as a percentage of net operating revenues and grant income was 62.5% compared to 63.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We continue to face workforce and labor shortages within all of our operations. The labor and workforce shortages have resulted in us contracting with agency nurse staffing companies. The agency nurse staffing companies charge inflated hourly rates; therefore, we are working diligently to find solutions to reduce and eliminate the agency nurse staffing within our healthcare operations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, our agency nurse staffing expenses decreased $23,709,000, or approximately 43.6%, compared to the same period a year ago.

New operations, which include one skilled nursing facility acquired May 1, 2023, three assisted living facilities that we began operating on July 1, 2023, two behavioral health hospitals, two hospice agencies and two homecare agencies, have attributed to an increase in salaries, wages, and benefits of $9,968,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period last year. In September 2022, the Company transferred the operations of seven skilled nursing facilities located in Massachusetts and New Hampshire, which resulted in salaries, wages, and benefits decreasing $31,856,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period last year.

Other operating expenses decreased $1,066,000, or 0.5%, to $217,213,000 for the 2023 period compared to $218,279,000 for the 2022 period. Other operating expenses as a percentage of net operating revenues and grant income was 25.8% and 26.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The transfer of the operations of the seven skilled nursing facilities located in Massachusetts and New Hampshire, as noted above, resulted in other operating expenses decreasing $13,170,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period last year. We continue to face inflationary pressures in certain categories within other operating expenses as well, such as food/dietary supplies and drugs/pharmaceutical supplies.

Other income

Non–operating income increased by $3,665,000 compared to the same period last year, as further detailed in Note 6 to our interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

Income taxes

The income tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is $14,750,000 (an effective income tax rate of 28.3%).

Noncontrolling interest

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Liquidity, Capital Resources, and Financial Condition

Our primary sources of cash include revenues from the operations of our healthcare and senior living facilities, management and accounting services, rental income, and investment income. Our primary uses of cash include salaries, wages and other operating costs of our healthcare and senior living facilities, the cost of additions to and acquisitions of real property, facility rent expenses, and dividend distributions. These sources and uses of cash are reflected in our interim condensed consolidated statements of cash flows and are discussed in further detail below.

The following is a summary of our sources and uses of cash flows (dollars in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended September 30						Nine Month Change
	2023			2022			$			%
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents, at beginning of period	$	74,865		$	119,743		$	(44,878	)		(37.5	)%

Cash provided by/(used in) operating activities		85,483			(3,192	)		88,675			2,778.0

Cash used in investing activities		(7,382	)		(8,810	)		1,428			16.2

Cash used in financing activities		(32,711	)		(35,541	)		2,830			8.0

Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents, at end of period	$	120,255		$	72,200		$	48,055			66.6	%

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Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $85,483,000 as compared to cash used in operating activities of $3,192,000 in the same period last year. Cash provided by operating activities consisted of net income of $37,323,000 and adjustments for non–cash items of $26,442,000. There was cash provided by working capital in the amount of $20,645,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to cash used for working capital needs of $63,011,000 for the same period a year ago.

Included in the adjustments for non-cash items are depreciation expense, equity in earnings of unconsolidated investments, unrealized gains and losses on our marketable equity securities, deferred taxes, and stock compensation.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities totaled $7,382,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $8,810,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Cash used for property and equipment additions was $19,300,000 and $24,563,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively. On May 1, 2023, we acquired the assets of a 66-bed skilled nursing facility in Nashville, Tennessee. Proceeds from the sale of marketable securities, net of purchases, resulted in cash provided by investing activity of $14,815,000 and $9,397,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities totaled $32,711,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $35,541,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. We made principal payments under our finance lease obligations in the amount of $3,711,000 and $3,495,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Cash used for dividend payments to common stockholders totaled $26,520,000 in the current year period compared to $25,830,000 for the same period a year ago. We repurchased common shares outstanding in the amount of $2,482,000 in the current year period compared to $6,907,000 for the same period a year ago.

Short–term liquidity

We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements primarily from our cash flows from operating activities. In addition to cash flows from operations, our current cash on hand of $100,308,000, our marketable equity and debt securities of $110,186,000, and our borrowing capacity on the $50 million credit facility are expected to be adequate to meet our contractual obligations, operating liquidity, and our growth and development plans in the next twelve months.

Long–term liquidity

We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements primarily from our cash flows from operating activities, our current cash on hand of $100,308,000, our marketable equity and debt securities of $110,186,000, and our borrowing capacity on the credit facility. At September 30, 2023, we do not have an outstanding balance on our credit facility; therefore, leaving $50 million available for future borrowings. We also have substantial value in our unencumbered real estate assets, which could potentially be used as collateral in future borrowing opportunities.

Our ability to meet our long–term contractual obligations, and to finance our operating requirements and growth plans will depend upon our future performance. Our future performance will be affected by business, economic, financial and other factors, including potential changes in state and federal government payment rates for healthcare, customer demand, success of our marketing efforts, pressures from competitors, and the state of the economy, including the state of financial and credit markets, as well as many unforeseen factors.

Commitment and Contingencies

Governmental Regulations

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Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Market risk represents the potential economic loss arising from adverse changes in the fair value of financial instruments. Currently, our exposure to market risk relates primarily to our fixed–income and equity portfolios. These investment portfolios are exposed primarily to, but not limited to, interest rate risk, credit risk, equity price risk, and concentration risk. We also have exposure to market risk that includes our cash and cash equivalents. The Company's senior management has established comprehensive risk management policies and procedures to manage these market risks.

Interest Rate Risk

The fair values of our fixed–income investments fluctuate in response to changes in market interest rates. Increases and decreases in prevailing interest rates generally translate into decreases and increases, respectively, in the fair values of those instruments. Additionally, the fair values of interest rate sensitive instruments may be affected by the creditworthiness of the issuer, prepayment options, the liquidity of the instrument and other general market conditions. At September 30, 2023, we have available for sale marketable debt securities in the amount of $126,911,000. The fixed maturity portfolio is comprised of investments with primarily short–term and intermediate–term maturities. The portfolio composition allows flexibility in reacting to fluctuations of interest rates. The fixed maturity portfolio allows our insurance company subsidiaries to achieve an adequate risk–adjusted return while maintaining sufficient liquidity to meet obligations.

Our cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with a maturity of less than three months when purchased. As a result of the short–term nature of our cash instruments, a hypothetical 1% change in interest rates would have minimal impact on our future earnings and cash flows related to these instruments.

We do not currently use any derivative instruments to hedge our interest rate exposure. We have not used derivative instruments for trading purposes and the use of such instruments in the future would be subject to approval by the Investment Committee of the Board of Directors.

Credit Risk

Credit risk is managed by diversifying the fixed maturity portfolio to avoid concentrations in any single industry group or issuer and by limiting investments in securities with lower credit ratings.

Equity Price and Concentration Risk

Our marketable equity securities are recorded at their fair market value based on quoted market prices. Thus, there is exposure to equity price risk, which is the potential change in fair value due to a change in quoted market prices. At September 30, 2023, the fair value of our marketable equity securities is approximately $125,820,000. Of the $125.8 million equity securities portfolio, our investment in NHI comprises approximately $83.7 million, or 66.5%, of the total fair value. We manage our exposure to NHI by closely monitoring the financial condition, performance, and outlook of the company. Hypothetically, a 10% change in quoted market prices would result in a related increase or decrease in the fair value of our equity investments of approximately $12.6 million. At September 30, 2023, our equity securities had net unrealized gains of $71.6 million. Of the $71.6 million of unrealized gains, $59.0 million is related to our investment in NHI.

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures.

As of September 30, 2023, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s management, including the CEO and CFO, concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2023.

During the period covered by this report, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

Table of Contents

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings.

For a discussion of prior, current, and pending litigation of material significance to NHC, please see Note 17 of this Form 10–Q.

Item 1A.

Risk Factors.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, there were no material changes to the risk factors that were disclosed in Item 1A of National HealthCare Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Item 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Not applicable

Item 3.

Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable

Item 5.

Other Information.

None

Table of Contents

Item 6.

Exhibits.

(a) List of exhibits

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.		Description

3.1		Certificate of Incorporation of National HealthCare Corporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s registration statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-37185) dated October 3, 1997.)

3.2		Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of National HealthCare Corporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to the quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed on August 3, 2017.)

3.3		Certificate of Designation Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s registration statement on Form 8-A, dated August 3, 2007.)

3.4		Restated Bylaws as amended February 14, 2013 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to the quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed on May 8, 2013.)

4.1		Form of Common Stock (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed on August 3, 2017.)

10.1		Amendment No. 9 to Master Agreement to Lease between National Health Investors, Inc. and National HealthCare Corporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed on November 3, 2022.)

10.2		Amendment No. 10 to Master Agreement to Lease between National Health Investors, Inc. and National HealthCare Corporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed on November 3, 2022.)

31.1		Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer

31.2		Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer

32		Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 by Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer

101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104		Cover Page Interactive File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and include in Exhibit 101)

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	NATIONAL HEALTHCARE CORPORATION
	(Registrant)

Date: November 2, 2023	/s/ Stephen F. Flatt
	Stephen F. Flatt
	Chief Executive Officer


Date: November 2, 2023	/s/ Brian F. Kidd
	Brian F. Kidd
	Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Stephen F. Flatt, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of National HealthCare Corporation;

Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report;

3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.	The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function);

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 2, 2023

	/s/ Stephen F. Flatt
	Stephen F. Flatt
	Chief Executive Officer

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Brian F. Kidd, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of National HealthCare Corporation;

3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

5.	The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 2, 2023

	/s/ Brian F. Kidd
	Brian F. Kidd
	Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Exhibit 32

Certification of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

of National HealthCare Corporation

For the Quarter Ended September 30, 2023

The undersigned hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the undersigned's best knowledge and belief, the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for National HealthCare Corporation ("Issuer") for the period ending September 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"):

(a)	fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(b)	the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Issuer.

This Certification accompanies the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Issuer for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023.

This Certification is executed as of November 2, 2023.

	/s/Stephen F. Flatt
	Stephen F. Flatt
	Chief Executive Officer


	/s/ Brian F. Kidd
	Brian F. Kidd
	Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

Document And Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
Document And Entity Information - shares	Sep. 30, 2023	Oct. 31, 2023
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Central Index Key	0001047335
Entity Registrant Name	NATIONAL HEALTHCARE CORP
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-13489
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	52-2057472
Entity Address, Address Line One	100 E. Vine Street
Entity Address, City or Town	Murfreesboro
Entity Address, State or Province	TN
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	37130
City Area Code	615
Local Phone Number	890–2020
Title of 12(b) Security	Common, $0.01 par value
Trading Symbol	NHC
Security Exchange Name	NYSEAMER
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		15,324,560

Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Revenues and grant income:
Net patient revenues	$ 277,005,000	$ 260,247,000	$ 804,617,000	$ 776,661,000
Other revenues	11,480,000	10,596,000	36,013,000	33,584,000
Government stimulus income	0	0	0	10,940,000
Net operating revenues and grant income	288,485,000	270,843,000	840,630,000	821,185,000
Cost and expenses:
Salaries, wages, and benefits	182,664,000	173,198,000	525,782,000	518,828,000
Other operating	72,490,000	72,883,000	217,213,000	218,279,000
Facility rent	10,094,000	10,294,000	30,087,000	30,770,000
Depreciation and amortization	10,135,000	10,253,000	30,266,000	30,011,000
Interest	77,000	137,000	268,000	451,000
Total costs and expenses	275,460,000	266,765,000	803,616,000	798,339,000
Income from operations	13,025,000	4,078,000	37,014,000	22,846,000
Other income:
Non–operating income	4,097,000	2,731,000	12,116,000	8,451,000
Unrealized gains/(losses) on marketable equity securities	(3,093,000)	(11,056,000)	2,943,000	(11,479,000)
Income/(loss) before income taxes	14,029,000	(4,247,000)	52,073,000	19,818,000
Income tax (provision)/benefit	(3,908,000)	1,140,000	(14,750,000)	(5,415,000)
Net income/(loss)	10,121,000	(3,107,000)	37,323,000	14,403,000
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	267,000	678,000	1,069,000	1,689,000
Net income/(loss) attributable to National HealthCare Corporation	$ 10,388,000	$ (2,429,000)	$ 38,392,000	$ 16,092,000
Earnings/(loss) per share attributable to National HealthCare Corporation stockholders:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.68	$ (0.16)	$ 2.51	$ 1.04
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.68	$ (0.16)	$ 2.5	$ 1.04
Basic (in shares)	15,299,913	15,445,569	15,311,453	15,438,375
Diluted (in shares)	15,324,511	15,445,569	15,334,269	15,477,103
Dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.59	$ 0.57	$ 1.75	$ 1.69

Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income/(Loss) ( Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Net income	$ 10,121	$ (3,107)	$ 37,323	$ 14,403
Other comprehensive loss:
Unrealized losses on investments in marketable debt securities	(1,185)	(3,979)	(605)	(13,985)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses on sales of marketable debt securities	0	0	20	(122)
Income tax benefit related to items of other comprehensive income	124	539	3	2,079
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(1,061)	(3,440)	(582)	(12,028)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	267	678	1,069	1,689
Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to National HealthCare Corporation	$ 9,327	$ (5,869)	$ 37,810	$ 4,064

Interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 100,308	$ 58,667
Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current portion	18,865	15,121
Marketable equity securities	102,137	100,786
Marketable debt securities	8,049	23,136
Restricted marketable equity securities	23,683	22,358
Restricted marketable debt securities, current portion	12,005	16,244
Accounts receivable	102,603	99,986
Inventories	7,373	7,088
Prepaid expenses and other assets	7,555	10,546
Total current assets	382,578	353,932
Property and Equipment:
Property and equipment, at cost	1,102,467	1,081,219
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(604,201)	(574,687)
Net property and equipment	498,266	506,532
Other Assets:
Restricted cash and cash equivalents, less current portion	1,082	1,077
Restricted marketable debt securities, less current portion	106,857	103,267
Deposits and other assets	13,472	12,728
Operating lease right-of-use assets	100,788	120,521
Goodwill	168,295	168,295
Intangible assets	7,038	7,038
Investments in unconsolidated companies	3,531	2,060
Total other assets	401,063	414,986
Total assets	1,281,907	1,275,450
Current Liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	16,471	16,958
Finance lease obligations, current portion	2,134	4,985
Operating lease liabilities, current portion	29,222	29,075
Accrued payroll	69,719	72,510
Amounts due to third party payors	15,588	16,631
Accrued risk reserves, current portion	30,870	31,365
Other current liabilities	31,650	17,615
Dividends payable	9,040	8,748
Total current liabilities	204,694	197,887
Finance lease obligations, less current portion	0	860
Operating lease liabilities, less current portion	70,200	91,016
Accrued risk reserves, less current portion	77,255	71,104
Refundable entrance fees	5,949	6,207
Deferred income taxes	9,847	10,909
Other noncurrent liabilities	26,622	19,953
Total liabilities	394,567	397,936
Equity:
Common stock, $.01 par value; 45,000,000 shares authorized; 15,324,560 and 15,357,746 shares, respectively, issued and outstanding	153	153
Capital in excess of par value	226,888	226,991
Retained earnings	668,244	656,664
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(10,114)	(9,532)
Total National HealthCare Corporation stockholders’ equity	885,171	874,276
Noncontrolling interest	2,169	3,238
Total equity	887,340	877,514
Total liabilities and equity	$ 1,281,907	$ 1,275,450

Interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	45,000,000	45,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	15,324,560	15,357,746
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	15,324,560	15,357,746

Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net income	$ 37,323,000	$ 14,403,000
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	30,266,000	30,011,000
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated investments	(1,941,000)	(498,000)
Distributions from unconsolidated investments	470,000	439,000
Unrealized (gains)/losses on marketable equity securities	(2,943,000)	11,479,000
Realized losses on sale of marketable securities	603,000	756,000
Recovery of notes receivable	0	(3,728,000)
Deferred income taxes	1,059,000	(4,977,000)
Stock–based compensation	2,119,000	1,980,000
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(2,617,000)	(2,879,000)
Inventories	(285,000)	1,284,000
Prepaid expenses and other assets	2,444,000	(11,484,000)
Operating lease obligations	(936,000)	0
Trade accounts payable	(487,000)	(3,045,000)
Accrued payroll	(2,791,000)	(29,356,000)
Amounts due to third party payors	(1,043,000)	(2,099,000)
Accrued risk reserves	5,656,000	5,662,000
Provider relief funds	0	(8,927,000)
Contract liabilities	0	(14,884,000)
Other current liabilities	14,035,000	4,014,000
Other noncurrent liabilities	6,669,000	(1,297,000)
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities	85,483,000	(3,192,000)
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(19,300,000)	(24,563,000)
Acquisition of skilled nursing facility	(2,700,000)	0
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment	0	4,175,000
Investments in notes receivable	(400,000)	(2,000,000)
Collections of notes receivable	203,000	4,181,000
Purchases of marketable securities	(21,763,000)	(28,717,000)
Proceeds from sale of marketable securities	36,578,000	38,114,000
Net cash used in investing activities	(7,382,000)	(8,810,000)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Principal payments under finance lease obligations	(3,711,000)	(3,495,000)
Dividends paid to common stockholders	(26,520,000)	(25,830,000)
Noncontrolling interest contributions	0	250,000
Issuance of common shares	260,000	1,281,000
Repurchase of common shares	(2,482,000)	(6,907,000)
Entrance fee refunds	(258,000)	(840,000)
Net cash used in financing activities	(32,711,000)	(35,541,000)
Net Increase/(Decrease) in Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents	45,390,000	(47,543,000)
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Period	74,865,000	119,743,000
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents, End of Period	120,255,000	72,200,000
Balance Sheet Classifications:
Cash and cash equivalents	100,308,000	44,515,000
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents	19,947,000	27,685,000
Total Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents	$ 120,255,000	$ 72,200,000

Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholder's Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]	Noncontrolling Interest [Member]	Total
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	15,452,033
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 154	$ 232,167	$ 669,078	$ 1,605	$ 5,456	$ 908,460
Net income	0	0	15,318	0	31	15,349
Other comprehensive income	0	0	0	(5,060)	0	(5,060)
Stock–based compensation	$ 0	712	0	0	0	712
Shares sold – options exercised (in shares)	21,463
Shares sold – options exercised	$ 0	0	0	0	0	0
Repurchase of common shares (in shares)	(2,165)
Repurchase of common shares	$ 0	(146)	0	0	0	(146)
Dividends declared to common stockholders	$ 0	0	(8,509)	0	0	(8,509)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022	15,471,331
Balance at Mar. 31, 2022	$ 154	232,733	675,887	(3,455)	5,737	911,056
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	15,452,033
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 154	232,167	669,078	1,605	5,456	908,460
Net income						14,403
Other comprehensive income						(12,028)
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022	15,393,103
Balance at Sep. 30, 2022	$ 153	228,522	659,059	(10,423)	4,017	881,328
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	15,452,033
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 154	232,167	669,078	1,605	5,456	$ 908,460
Shares sold – options exercised (in shares)						32,597
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	15,357,746
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 153	226,991	656,664	(9,532)	3,238	$ 877,514
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022	15,471,331
Balance at Mar. 31, 2022	$ 154	232,733	675,887	(3,455)	5,737	911,056
Net income	0	0	3,203	0	(1,042)	2,161
Other comprehensive income	0	0	0	(3,528)	0	(3,528)
Stock–based compensation	$ 0	629	0	0	0	629
Shares sold – options exercised (in shares)	16,554
Shares sold – options exercised	$ 0	1,120	0	0	0	1,120
Dividends declared to common stockholders	$ 0	0	(8,828)	0	0	(8,828)
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022	15,487,885
Balance at Jun. 30, 2022	$ 154	234,482	670,262	(6,983)	4,695	902,610
Net income	0	0	(2,429)	0	(678)	(3,107)
Other comprehensive income	0	0	0	(3,440)	0	(3,440)
Stock–based compensation	$ 0	639	0	0	0	639
Shares sold – options exercised (in shares)	2,600
Shares sold – options exercised	$ 0	161	0	0	0	161
Repurchase of common shares (in shares)	(97,382)
Repurchase of common shares	$ (1)	(6,760)	0	0	0	(6,761)
Dividends declared to common stockholders	$ 0	0	(8,774)	0	0	(8,774)
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022	15,393,103
Balance at Sep. 30, 2022	$ 153	228,522	659,059	(10,423)	4,017	881,328
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	15,357,746
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 153	226,991	656,664	(9,532)	3,238	877,514
Net income	0	0	11,723	0	(438)	11,285
Other comprehensive income	0	0	0	1,679	0	1,679
Stock–based compensation	$ 0	639	0	0	0	639
Shares sold – options exercised (in shares)	7,046
Shares sold – options exercised	$ 0	0	0	0	0	0
Repurchase of common shares (in shares)	(44,349)
Repurchase of common shares	$ 0	(2,482)	0	0	0	(2,482)
Dividends declared to common stockholders	$ 0	0	(8,733)	0	0	(8,733)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	15,320,443
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 153	225,148	659,654	(7,853)	2,800	879,902
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	15,357,746
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 153	226,991	656,664	(9,532)	3,238	877,514
Net income						37,323
Other comprehensive income						$ (582)
Shares sold – options exercised (in shares)						7,540
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023	15,324,560
Balance at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 153	226,888	668,244	(10,114)	2,169	$ 887,340
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	15,320,443
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 153	225,148	659,654	(7,853)	2,800	879,902
Net income	0	0	16,281	0	(364)	15,917
Other comprehensive income	0	0	0	(1,200)	0	(1,200)
Stock–based compensation	$ 0	772	0	0	0	772
Shares sold – options exercised (in shares)	100
Shares sold – options exercised	$ 0	6	0	0	0	6
Dividends declared to common stockholders	$ 0	0	(9,039)	0	0	(9,039)
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023	15,320,543
Balance at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 153	225,926	666,896	(9,053)	2,436	886,358
Net income	0	0	10,388	0	(267)	10,121
Other comprehensive income	0	0	0	(1,061)	0	(1,061)
Stock–based compensation	$ 0	708	0	0	0	708
Shares sold – options exercised (in shares)	4,017
Shares sold – options exercised	$ 0	254	0	0	0	254
Dividends declared to common stockholders	$ 0	0	(9,040)	0	0	(9,040)
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023	15,324,560
Balance at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 153	$ 226,888	$ 668,244	$ (10,114)	$ 2,169	$ 887,340

Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholder's Equity (Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Dividends declared to common stockholders, per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.59	$ 0.59	$ 0.57	$ 0.57	$ 0.57	$ 0.55	$ 1.75	$ 1.69

Note 1 - Description of Business

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 1 – Description of Business

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

Estimates and Assumptions

Net Patient Revenues and Accounts Receivable

Other Revenues

Government Grants

Segment Reporting

Other Operating Expenses

General and Administrative Costs

Long-Term Leases

Property and Equipment

Business Combinations

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Accrued Risk Reserves

Continuing Care Contracts

Other Noncurrent Liabilities

Noncontrolling Interest

Variable Interest Entities

Note 3 - Coronavirus Pandemic	9 Months Ended
Note 3 - Coronavirus Pandemic	Sep. 30, 2023
COVID 19 [Member]
Notes to Financial Statements
Unusual or Infrequent Items, or Both, Disclosure [Text Block]	Note 3 – Coronavirus Pandemic In early March 2020, COVID-19, a disease caused by the novel strain of the coronavirus, was characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The U.S. government enacted several laws beginning in March 2020 designed to help the nation respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. The laws impacted healthcare providers in a variety of ways, but the largest legislation from a monetary relief perspective was the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act"). Through the CARES Act, as well as the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act ("PPPCHE"), the federal government allocated $178 billion to the Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund, which is referred to as the Provider Relief Fund. The Provider Relief Fund is administered through grants and other mechanisms to skilled nursing providers, home health providers, hospitals, and other Medicare and Medicaid enrolled providers to cover unreimbursed health care related expenses or lost revenue attributable to the public health emergency resulting from COVID-19. The Provider Relief Fund grants come with terms and condition certifications in which all providers are required to submit documents to ensure the funds are used for healthcare-related expenses or lost revenue attributable to COVID-19. The Company recorded $0 of government stimulus income from the Provider Relief Funds for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. The Company recorded $0 and $10,940,000 of government stimulus income from the Provider Relief Funds for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The grant income was determined on a systematic basis in line with the recognition of specific expenses and lost revenues for which the grants are intended to compensate. The Company’s assessment of whether the terms and conditions for amounts received have been met for income recognition and the Company’s related income calculation considered all frequently asked questions and other interpretive guidance issued to date by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”). We have also received supplemental Medicaid payments from many of the states in which we operate to help mitigate the incremental costs resulting from the COVID-19 public health emergency. We have recorded $4,232,000 and $4,773,000 in net patient revenues for these supplemental Medicaid payments for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We have recorded $15,362,000 and $15,312,000 in net patient revenues for these supplemental Medicaid payments for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Note 4 - Net Patient Revenues

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Text Block]

Note 4 – Net Patient Revenues

The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers by service type and by payor.

Revenue by Service Type

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net patient revenues:
Inpatient services	$	243,865	$	228,138	$	706,795	$	680,776
Homecare and hospice		33,140		32,109		97,822		95,885
Total net patient revenue	$	277,005	$	260,247	$	804,617	$	776,661

Revenue by Payor

Certain groups of patients receive funds to pay the cost of their care from a common source. The following table sets forth sources of net patient revenues for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
Source	2023		2022		2023		2022
Medicare		33%		37%		35%		37%
Managed Care		10%		9%		10%		10%
Medicaid		32%		29%		30%		28%
Private Pay and Other		25%		25%		25%		25%
Total		100%		100%		100%		100%

Third Party Payors

Note 5 - Other Revenues

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Other Revenues [Text Block]

Note 5 – Other Revenues

	Three Months Ended September 30					Nine Months Ended September 30
	2023		2022			2023		2022
Rental income	$	5,958	$	5,830		$	17,966	$	17,642
Management and accounting services fees		4,185		3,922			14,045		11,993
Insurance services		989		1,015			2,920		3,497
Other		348		(171	)		1,082		452
Total other revenues	$	11,480	$	10,596		$	36,013	$	33,584

Rental Income

Management Fees from National Health Corporation

Insurance Services

Note 6 - Non-operating Income

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Other Nonoperating Income and Expense [Text Block]

Note 6 – Non–Operating Income

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Dividends and net realized gains and losses on sales of securities	$	1,690	$	1,324	$	4,604	$	4,381
Interest income		2,222		1,373		5,571		3,572
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated investments		185		34		1,941		498
Total non-operating income	$	4,097	$	2,731	$	12,116	$	8,451

Note 7 - Business Segments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Segment Reporting Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 7 – Business Segments

The following table sets forth the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations by business segment (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Inpatient Services		Homecare and Hospice		All Other			Total
Revenues:
Net patient revenues	$	243,865	$	33,140	$	-		$	277,005
Other revenues		297		-		11,183			11,480
Net operating revenues		244,162		33,140		11,183			288,485

Costs and expenses:
Salaries, wages, and benefits		151,912		20,066		10,686			182,664
Other operating		64,228		5,868		2,394			72,490
Rent		8,186		538		1,370			10,094
Depreciation and amortization		9,203		185		747			10,135
Interest		77		-		-			77
Total costs and expenses		233,606		26,657		15,197			275,460

Income/(loss) from operations		10,556		6,483		(4,014	)		13,025
Non-operating income		-		-		4,097			4,097
Unrealized losses on marketable equity securities		-		-		(3,093	)		(3,093	)

Income/(loss) before income taxes	$	10,556	$	6,483	$	(3,010	)	$	14,029

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Inpatient Services			Homecare and Hospice		All Other			Total
Revenues:
Net patient revenues	$	228,138		$	32,109	$	-		$	260,247
Other revenues		(198	)		-		10,794			10,596
Net operating revenues		227,940			32,109		10,794			270,843

Costs and expenses:
Salaries, wages, and benefits		144,047			19,581		9,570			173,198
Other operating		66,522			6,310		51			72,883
Rent		8,088			575		1,631			10,294
Depreciation and amortization		9,198			248		807			10,253
Interest		137			-		-			137
Total costs and expenses		227,992			26,714		12,059			266,765

Income/(loss) from operations		(52	)		5,395		(1,265	)		4,078
Non-operating income		-			-		2,731			2,731
Unrealized losses on marketable equity securities		-			-		(11,056	)		(11,056	)

Income/(loss) before income taxes	$	(52	)	$	5,395	$	(9,590	)	$	(4,247	)

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Inpatient Services		Homecare and Hospice		All Other			Total
Revenues:
Net patient revenues	$	706,795	$	97,822	$	-		$	804,617
Other revenues		894		-		35,119			36,013
Net operating revenues		707,689		97,822		35,119			840,630

Costs and expenses:
Salaries, wages, and benefits		435,517		60,804		29,461			525,782
Other operating		192,473		17,356		7,384			217,213
Rent		24,520		1,639		3,928			30,087
Depreciation and amortization		27,474		555		2,237			30,266
Interest		268		-		-			268
Total costs and expenses		680,252		80,354		43,010			803,616

Income/(loss) from operations		27,437		17,468		(7,891	)		37,014
Non-operating income		-		-		12,116			12,116
Unrealized gains on marketable equity securities		-		-		2,943			2,943

Income before income taxes	$	27,437	$	17,468	$	7,168		$	52,073

	Nine Months Ended September, 2022
	Inpatient Services		Homecare and Hospice		All Other			Total
Revenues and grant income:
Net patient revenues	$	680,776	$	95,885	$	-		$	776,661
Other revenues		15		-		33,569			33,584
Government stimulus income		10,940		-		-			10,940
Net operating revenues and grant income		691,731		95,885		33,569			821,185

Costs and expenses:
Salaries, wages, and benefits		435,322		58,007		25,499			518,828
Other operating		192,791		19,848		5,640			218,279
Rent		24,498		1,759		4,513			30,770
Depreciation and amortization		27,120		472		2,419			30,011
Interest		451		-		-			451
Total costs and expenses		680,182		80,086		38,071			798,339

Income/(loss) from operations		11,549		15,799		(4,502	)		22,846
Non-operating income		-		-		8,451			8,451
Unrealized losses on marketable equity securities		-		-		(11,479	)		(11,479	)

Income/(loss) before income taxes	$	11,549	$	15,799	$	(7,530	)	$	19,818

Note 8 - Long-term Leases

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Lessee, Operating and Finance Leases [Text Block]

Note 8 – Long-Term Leases

Operating Leases

Finance Leases

Minimum Lease Payments

The following table summarizes the maturity of our finance and operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2023 (in thousands):

	Finance Leases			Operating Leases
2024	$	2,166		$	34,765
2025		-			33,699
2026		-			32,991
2027		-			8,510
2028		-			184
Thereafter		-			4
Total minimum lease payments		2,166			110,153
Less: amounts representing interest		(32	)		(10,731	)
Present value of future minimum lease payments		2,134			99,422
Less: current portion		(2,134	)		(29,222	)
Noncurrent lease liabilities	$	-		$	70,200

Note 9 - Earnings Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Earnings Per Share [Text Block]

Note 9 – Earnings per Share

	Three Months Ended September 30					Nine Months Ended September 30
	2023		2022			2023		2022
Basic:
Weighted average common shares outstanding		15,299,913		15,445,569			15,311,453		15,438,375
Net income attributable to National HealthCare Corporation	$	10,388	$	(2,429	)	$	38,392	$	16,092
Earnings per common share, basic	$	0.68	$	(0.16	)	$	2.51	$	1.04

Diluted:
Weighted average common shares outstanding		15,299,913		15,445,569			15,311,453		15,438,375
Effects of dilutive instruments		24,598		-			22,816		38,728
Weighted average common shares outstanding		15,324,511		15,445,569			15,334,269		15,477,103

Net income attributable to National HealthCare Corporation	$	10,388	$	(2,429	)	$	38,392	$	16,092
Earnings per common share, diluted	$	0.68	$	(0.16	)	$	2.50	$	1.04

Note 10 - Investments in Marketable Securities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Investments in Debt and Marketable Equity Securities (and Certain Trading Assets) Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 10 – Investments in Marketable Securities

Marketable securities consist of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Investments available for sale:
Marketable equity securities	$	30,176	$	102,137	$	30,176	$	100,786
Corporate debt securities		4,358		4,252		14,317		13,885
Asset-backed securities		-		-		500		494
U.S. Treasury securities		3,838		3,797		9,009		8,757
Restricted investments available for sale:
Marketable equity securities		24,059		23,683		24,326		22,358
Corporate debt securities		57,745		53,928		54,412		51,009
Asset-based securities		20,661		18,572		24,605		22,437
U.S. Treasury securities		47,824		42,401		45,989		41,294
State and municipal securities		4,133		3,961		4,877		4,771
	$	192,794	$	252,731	$	208,211		265,791

Included in the marketable equity securities are the following (in thousands, except share amounts):

September 30, 2023

December 31, 2022

Cost

Fair

Value

Cost

Fair

Value

NHI Common Stock

1,630,642

24,734

83,750

1,630,642

24,734

85,152

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities classified as available for sale, by contractual maturity, are as follows (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Cost		Fair Value		Cost		Fair Value
Maturities:
Within 1 year	$	21,937	$	21,534	$	33,662	$	33,037
1 to 5 years		76,971		71,362		81,500		76,394
6 to 10 years		38,178		32,606		38,547		33,216
Over 10 years		1,473		1,409		-		-
	$	138,559	$	126,911	$	153,709	$	142,647

Note 11 - Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

Note 11 – Fair Value Measurements

	Level 1 – The valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments.
	Level 2 – The valuation is based on observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model–based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.
	Level 3 – The valuation is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by minimal or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the instrument. Level 3 valuations are typically performed using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that incorporate management’s own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the instrument, or valuations that require significant management judgment or estimation.

A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

	Fair Value Measurements Using
September 30, 2023	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets For Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	100,308	$	100,308	$	–	$	–
Restricted cash and cash equivalents		19,947		19,947		–		–
Marketable equity securities		125,820		125,820		–		–
Corporate debt securities		58,180		34,905		23,275		–
Mortgage–backed securities		18,572		–		18,572		–
U.S. Treasury securities		46,198		46,198		–		–
State and municipal securities		3,961		1,288		2,673		–
Total financial assets	$	372,986	$	328,466	$	44,520	$	–

	Fair Value Measurements Using
December 31, 2022	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets For Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	58,667	$	58,667	$	–	$	–
Restricted cash and cash equivalents		16,198		16,198		–		–
Marketable equity securities		123,144		123,144		–		–
Corporate debt securities		64,894		48,525		16,369		–
Asset–backed securities		22,931		–		22,931		–
U.S. Treasury securities		50,051		50,051		–		–
State and municipal securities		4,771		1,337		3,434		–
Total financial assets	$	340,656	$	297,922	$	42,734	$	–

Note 12 - Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 12 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

At September 30, 2023, the following table represents the activity related to our goodwill by segment (in thousands):

	Inpatient Services		Homecare and Hospice		All Other		Total
January 1, 2023	$	3,741	$	164,554	$	–	$	168,295
Additions		–		–		–		–
September 30, 2023	$	3,741	$	164,554	$	–	$	168,295

We also have recorded indefinite-lived intangible assets that consist of trade names ($4,340,000) and certificates of need and licenses ($2,698,000).

Note 13 - Stock Repurchase Program

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Treasury Stock [Text Block]

Note 13 - Stock Repurchase Program

Note 14 - Stock-based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Text Block]

Note 14 – Stock–Based Compensation

Stock Options

The following table summarizes the significant assumptions used to value the options granted for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and for the year ended December 31, 2022.

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Risk–free interest rate		4.52%		1.83%
Expected volatility		29.30%		31.40%
Expected life, in years		2.9		2.9
Expected dividend yield		4.41%		3.57%

The following table summarizes our outstanding stock options for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and for the year ended December 31, 2022.

	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Options outstanding at January 1, 2022		374,926		$	72.95	$	–
Options granted		302,266			64.72		–
Options exercised		(32,597	)		64.49		–
Options cancelled		(199,451	)		75.98		–
Options outstanding at December 31, 2022		445,144			66.62		–
Options granted		299,712			54.45		–
Options exercised		(7,540	)		65.39		–
Options cancelled		(47,407	)		60.75		–
Options outstanding at September 30, 2023		689,909			61.75	$	2,768,603

Options exercisable at September 30, 2023		175,847			70.97	$	–

Options Outstanding September 30, 2023	Exercise Prices				Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life in Years
601,514		53.94	-	69.19		59.84		3.7
88,395		71.64	-	77.92		74.72		1.6
689,909						61.75		3.5

Note 15 - Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 15 – Income Taxes

The Company's income tax provision as a percentage of our income before income taxes was 28.3% and 27.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal and state examinations by tax authorities for years before 2019 (with certain state exceptions).

Note 16 - Credit Facility - Schedule of Long-Term Debt Instruments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Schedule of Long-Term Debt Instruments [Table Text Block]

Note 16 – Credit Facility

As of September 30, 2023, we have no outstanding balance on the credit facility.

Note 17 - Contingencies and Commitments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 17 – Contingencies and Commitments

Accrued Risk Reserves

Workers’ Compensation

General and Professional Liability Insurance and Lawsuits

Qui Tam Litigation

Governmental Regulations

Insider Trading Arrangements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Insider Trading Arr Line Items

Material Terms of Trading Arrangement [Text Block]

Item 5.

Other Information.

None

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted [Flag]

false

Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted [Flag]

false

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated [Flag]

false

Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated [Flag]

false

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	9 Months Ended
Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Sep. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Basis of Presentation The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements to which these notes are attached include all normal, recurring adjustments which are necessary to fairly present the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of NHC. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all entities controlled by NHC. The Company presents noncontrolling interest within the equity section of its consolidated balance sheets. The Company presents the amount of consolidated net income that is attributable to NHC and the noncontrolling interest in its consolidated statements of operations. We assume that users of these interim financial statements have read or have access to the audited December 31, 2022 consolidated financial statements and that the adequacy of additional disclosure needed for a fair presentation, except in regard to material contingencies, may be determined in that context. Accordingly, footnotes and other disclosures which would substantially duplicate the disclosure contained in our most recent annual report to stockholders have been omitted. This interim financial information is not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for a full year for a variety of reasons.
Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Estimates and Assumptions The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates and could cause our reported net income to vary significantly from period to period.
Revenue [Policy Text Block]	Net Patient Revenues and Accounts Receivable Net patient revenues are derived from services rendered to patients for skilled and intermediate nursing, rehabilitation therapy, assisted living and independent living, home health care services, hospice services, and behavioral health services. Net patient revenue is reported at the amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for providing patient services. These amounts are due from patients, governmental programs, and other third-party payors, and include variable consideration for retroactive revenue adjustments due to settlement of audits, reviews, and investigations. The Company recognizes revenue as its performance obligations are completed. Routine services are treated as a single performance obligation satisfied over time as services are rendered. These routine services represent a bundle of services that are not capable of being distinct. The performance obligations are satisfied over time as the patient simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the healthcare services provided. Additionally, there may be ancillary services which are not included in the daily rates for routine services, but instead are treated as separate performance obligations satisfied at a point in time when those services are rendered. Contract liabilities are recorded for payments the Company receives in which performance obligations have not been completed. The Company determines the transaction price based on established billing rates reduced by explicit price concessions provided to third party payors. Explicit price concessions are based on contractual agreements and historical experience. The Company considers the patient's ability and intent to pay the amount of consideration upon admission. Credit losses are recorded as bad debt expense, which is included as a component of other operating expenses in the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations. Bad debt expense was $1,668,000 and $5,331,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, bad debt expense was $1,685,000 and $6,026,000, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company has recorded allowance for doubtful accounts of $8,598,000 and $6,246,000, respectively, as our best estimate of expected losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance.
Revenue Recognition for Alternative Revenue Programs, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Other Revenues Other revenues include revenues from the provision of insurance services to other healthcare providers, management and accounting services to other healthcare providers, and rental income. Our insurance revenues consist of premiums that are generally paid in advance and then amortized into income over the policy period. We charge for management services based on a percentage of net revenues. We charge for accounting services based on a monthly fee or a fixed fee per bed of the healthcare center under contract. We record other revenues as the performance obligations are satisfied based on the terms of our contractual arrangements. We recognize rental income based on the terms of our operating leases. Under certain of our leases, we receive variable rent, which is based on the increase in revenues of a lessee over a base year. We recognize variable rent annually or monthly, as applicable, when, based on the actual revenue of the lessee is earned.
Government Assistance [Policy Text Block]	Government Grants We account for government grants in accordance with International Accounting Standard (“IAS”) 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance, and as such, we recognize grant income on a systematic basis in line with the recognition of specific expenses and lost revenues for which the grants are intended to compensate.
Segment Reporting, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Segment Reporting In accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 280, Segment Reporting, the Company is required to report financial and descriptive information about its reportable operating segments. The Company has two reportable operating segments: (1) inpatient services, which includes the operation of skilled nursing facilities, assisted and independent living facilities, and behavioral health hospitals, and (2) homecare and hospice services. The Company also reports an “all other” category that includes revenues from rental income, management and accounting services fees, insurance services, and costs of the corporate office. See Note 7 for further disclosure of the Company’s operating segments.
Other Operating Expenses Policy [Policy Text Block]	Other Operating Expenses Other operating expenses include the costs of care and services that we provide to the residents of our facilities and the costs of maintaining our facilities. Our primary patient care costs include drugs, medical supplies, purchased professional services, food, and professional liability insurance and licensing fees. The primary facility costs include utilities and property insurance.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses, Policy [Policy Text Block]	General and Administrative Costs With the Company being a healthcare provider, the majority of our expenses are "cost of revenue" items. Costs that could be classified as "general and administrative" by the Company would include its corporate office costs, excluding stock-based compensation and incentive compensation, which were $5,661,000 and $16,309,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. General and administrative costs were $6,050,000 and $16,636,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.
Lessee, Leases [Policy Text Block]	Long-Term Leases The Company’s lease portfolio primarily consists of finance and operating real estate leases for certain skilled nursing facilities, assisted and independent living facilities, homecare and hospice offices, and pharmacy warehouses. The original terms of the leases typically range from two to fifteen years. Several of the real estate leases include renewal options which vary in length and may not include specific rent renewal amounts. We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception of a contract. We determine the lease term by assuming exercise of renewal options that are reasonably certain. The Company records right-of-use assets and liabilities for non-cancelable real estate operating leases with original or remaining lease terms in excess of one year. Leases with a lease term of 12 months or less at inception are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We recognize lease components and non-lease components together and not as separate parts of a lease for real estate leases. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recorded at the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. The present value of the lease payments are discounted using the incremental borrowing rate associated with each lease. The variable components of the lease payment that fluctuate with the operations of a health facility are not included in determining the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. Rather, these variable components are expensed as incurred.
Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is provided by the straight-line method over the expected useful lives of the assets estimated as follows: buildings and improvements, 20-40 years and equipment and furniture, 3-15 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over periods that do not exceed the non-cancelable respective lease terms using the straight-line method. Finance leases are recorded at cost. Finance leases are amortized in accordance with the provision codified within ASC 842, Leases. Amortization of finance lease assets is included in depreciation and amortization expense.
Business Combinations Policy [Policy Text Block]	Business Combinations We account for acquisitions using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. Acquisitions are accounted for as purchases and are included in our consolidated financial statements from their respective acquisition dates. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed, if any, are measured at fair value on the acquisition date using the appropriate valuation method. Goodwill generated from acquisitions is recognized for the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. In determining the fair value of identifiable assets, we use various valuation techniques. These valuation methods require us to make estimates and assumptions surrounding projected revenues and costs, future growth, and discount rates.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Goodwill, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in business combinations. Goodwill is not amortized but is subject to an annual impairment test. We perform our annual goodwill impairment assessment on the first day of the fourth quarter. Tests are performed more frequently if events occur, or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount. The Company’s indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of trade names and certificates of need and licenses. The Company reviews indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the fair value of the intangible asset is below its carrying amount.
Liability Reserve Estimate, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Accrued Risk Reserves We are self–insured for risks related to workers' compensation and general and professional liability insurance. We have two wholly–owned limited purpose insurance companies that insure these risks. The accrued risk reserves include a liability for reported claims and estimates for incurred but unreported claims. Our policy is to engage an external, independent actuary to assist in estimating our exposure for claims obligations (for both asserted and unasserted claims). We reassess our accrued risk reserves on a quarterly basis. Professional liability remains an area of particular concern to us. The long-term care industry has seen an increase in personal injury/wrongful death claims based on alleged negligence by skilled nursing facilities and their employees in providing care to residents. The Company has been, and continues to be, subject to claims and legal actions that arise in the ordinary course of business, including potential claims related to patient care and treatment. A significant increase in the number of these claims, or an increase in the amounts due as a result of these claims could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. It is also possible that future events could cause us to make significant adjustments or revisions to these reserve estimates and cause our reported net income to vary significantly from period to period. We are principally self-insured for incidents occurring in all centers owned or leased by us. The coverage includes both primary policies and excess policies. In all years, settlements, if any, in excess of available insurance policy limits and our own reserves would be expensed by us.
Continuing Care Contracts and Refundable Entrance Fees, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Continuing Care Contracts We have one continuing care retirement center (“CCRC”) within our operations. Residents at this retirement center may enter into continuing care contracts with us. The contracts provide that 10% of the resident entry fee becomes non-refundable upon occupancy, and the remaining refundable portion of the entry fee is calculated using the lessor of the price at which the apartment is re-assigned or 90% of the original entry fee, plus 40% of any appreciation if the apartment value exceeds the original resident’s entry fee. Non-refundable fees are included as a component of the transaction price and are amortized into revenue over the actuarily determined remaining life of the resident, which is the expected period of occupancy by the resident. We pay the refundable portion of our entry fees to residents when they relocate from our community and the apartment is re-occupied. Refundable entrance fees are not included as part of the transaction price and are classified as noncurrent liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. We also annually estimate the present value of the cost of future services and the use of facilities to be provided to the current CCRC residents and compare that amount with the balance of non-refundable deferred revenue from entrance fees received. If the present value of the cost of future services exceeds the related anticipated revenues, a liability is recorded with a corresponding charge to income. As of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we have recorded a future service obligation liability in the amount of $2,218,000. This obligation is reflected within other noncurrent liabilities in the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Other Noncurrent Liabilities [Policy Text Block]	Other Noncurrent Liabilities Other noncurrent liabilities include reserves primarily related to various uncertain income tax positions, deferred revenue, and obligations to provide future services to our CCRC residents. Deferred revenue includes the deferred gain on the sale of assets to National Health Corporation (“National”) and the non-refundable portion (10%) of CCRC entrance fees being amortized over the remaining life expectancies of the residents.
Consolidation, Subsidiaries or Other Investments, Consolidated Entities, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Noncontrolling Interest The noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary is presented within total equity in the Company's interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company presents the noncontrolling interest and the amount of consolidated net income attributable to NHC in its interim condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company’s earnings per share is calculated based on net income attributable to NHC’s stockholders. The carrying amount of the noncontrolling interest is adjusted based on an allocation of the subsidiary earnings, contributions, and distributions.
Consolidation, Variable Interest Entity, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Variable Interest Entities We have equity interests in unconsolidated limited liability companies that operate various post-acute and senior healthcare businesses. We analyze our investments in these limited liability companies to determine if the company is considered a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and would require consolidation. To the extent that we own interests in a VIE and we (i) have the power to direct the activities of the VIE and (ii) have the obligation or rights to absorb the VIE's losses or receive its benefits, then we would be determined to be the primary beneficiary and would consolidate the VIE. To the extent we own interests in a VIE, then at each reporting period, we re-assess our conclusions as to which, if any, party within the VIE is considered the primary beneficiary. The Company's maximum exposure to losses in its investments in unconsolidated VIEs cannot be quantified and may or may not be limited to its investment in the unconsolidated VIE. The investments in unconsolidated VIEs are classified as “investments in unconsolidated companies” in the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Note 4 - Net Patient Revenues (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Disaggregation of Revenue [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net patient revenues:
Inpatient services	$	243,865	$	228,138	$	706,795	$	680,776
Homecare and hospice		33,140		32,109		97,822		95,885
Total net patient revenue	$	277,005	$	260,247	$	804,617	$	776,661

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
Source	2023		2022		2023		2022
Medicare		33%		37%		35%		37%
Managed Care		10%		9%		10%		10%
Medicaid		32%		29%		30%		28%
Private Pay and Other		25%		25%		25%		25%
Total		100%		100%		100%		100%

Note 5 - Other Revenues (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Schedule of Other Revenues [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended September 30					Nine Months Ended September 30
	2023		2022			2023		2022
Rental income	$	5,958	$	5,830		$	17,966	$	17,642
Management and accounting services fees		4,185		3,922			14,045		11,993
Insurance services		989		1,015			2,920		3,497
Other		348		(171	)		1,082		452
Total other revenues	$	11,480	$	10,596		$	36,013	$	33,584

Note 6 - Non-operating Income (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Schedule of Other Nonoperating Income, by Component [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Dividends and net realized gains and losses on sales of securities	$	1,690	$	1,324	$	4,604	$	4,381
Interest income		2,222		1,373		5,571		3,572
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated investments		185		34		1,941		498
Total non-operating income	$	4,097	$	2,731	$	12,116	$	8,451

Note 7 - Business Segments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Inpatient Services		Homecare and Hospice		All Other			Total
Revenues:
Net patient revenues	$	243,865	$	33,140	$	-		$	277,005
Other revenues		297		-		11,183			11,480
Net operating revenues		244,162		33,140		11,183			288,485

Costs and expenses:
Salaries, wages, and benefits		151,912		20,066		10,686			182,664
Other operating		64,228		5,868		2,394			72,490
Rent		8,186		538		1,370			10,094
Depreciation and amortization		9,203		185		747			10,135
Interest		77		-		-			77
Total costs and expenses		233,606		26,657		15,197			275,460

Income/(loss) from operations		10,556		6,483		(4,014	)		13,025
Non-operating income		-		-		4,097			4,097
Unrealized losses on marketable equity securities		-		-		(3,093	)		(3,093	)

Income/(loss) before income taxes	$	10,556	$	6,483	$	(3,010	)	$	14,029

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Inpatient Services			Homecare and Hospice		All Other			Total
Revenues:
Net patient revenues	$	228,138		$	32,109	$	-		$	260,247
Other revenues		(198	)		-		10,794			10,596
Net operating revenues		227,940			32,109		10,794			270,843

Costs and expenses:
Salaries, wages, and benefits		144,047			19,581		9,570			173,198
Other operating		66,522			6,310		51			72,883
Rent		8,088			575		1,631			10,294
Depreciation and amortization		9,198			248		807			10,253
Interest		137			-		-			137
Total costs and expenses		227,992			26,714		12,059			266,765

Income/(loss) from operations		(52	)		5,395		(1,265	)		4,078
Non-operating income		-			-		2,731			2,731
Unrealized losses on marketable equity securities		-			-		(11,056	)		(11,056	)

Income/(loss) before income taxes	$	(52	)	$	5,395	$	(9,590	)	$	(4,247	)

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Inpatient Services		Homecare and Hospice		All Other			Total
Revenues:
Net patient revenues	$	706,795	$	97,822	$	-		$	804,617
Other revenues		894		-		35,119			36,013
Net operating revenues		707,689		97,822		35,119			840,630

Costs and expenses:
Salaries, wages, and benefits		435,517		60,804		29,461			525,782
Other operating		192,473		17,356		7,384			217,213
Rent		24,520		1,639		3,928			30,087
Depreciation and amortization		27,474		555		2,237			30,266
Interest		268		-		-			268
Total costs and expenses		680,252		80,354		43,010			803,616

Income/(loss) from operations		27,437		17,468		(7,891	)		37,014
Non-operating income		-		-		12,116			12,116
Unrealized gains on marketable equity securities		-		-		2,943			2,943

Income before income taxes	$	27,437	$	17,468	$	7,168		$	52,073

	Nine Months Ended September, 2022
	Inpatient Services		Homecare and Hospice		All Other			Total
Revenues and grant income:
Net patient revenues	$	680,776	$	95,885	$	-		$	776,661
Other revenues		15		-		33,569			33,584
Government stimulus income		10,940		-		-			10,940
Net operating revenues and grant income		691,731		95,885		33,569			821,185

Costs and expenses:
Salaries, wages, and benefits		435,322		58,007		25,499			518,828
Other operating		192,791		19,848		5,640			218,279
Rent		24,498		1,759		4,513			30,770
Depreciation and amortization		27,120		472		2,419			30,011
Interest		451		-		-			451
Total costs and expenses		680,182		80,086		38,071			798,339

Income/(loss) from operations		11,549		15,799		(4,502	)		22,846
Non-operating income		-		-		8,451			8,451
Unrealized losses on marketable equity securities		-		-		(11,479	)		(11,479	)

Income/(loss) before income taxes	$	11,549	$	15,799	$	(7,530	)	$	19,818

Note 8 - Long-term Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Lessee, Lease, Liability, Maturity [Table Text Block]

	Finance Leases			Operating Leases
2024	$	2,166		$	34,765
2025		-			33,699
2026		-			32,991
2027		-			8,510
2028		-			184
Thereafter		-			4
Total minimum lease payments		2,166			110,153
Less: amounts representing interest		(32	)		(10,731	)
Present value of future minimum lease payments		2,134			99,422
Less: current portion		(2,134	)		(29,222	)
Noncurrent lease liabilities	$	-		$	70,200

Note 9 - Earnings Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended September 30					Nine Months Ended September 30
	2023		2022			2023		2022
Basic:
Weighted average common shares outstanding		15,299,913		15,445,569			15,311,453		15,438,375
Net income attributable to National HealthCare Corporation	$	10,388	$	(2,429	)	$	38,392	$	16,092
Earnings per common share, basic	$	0.68	$	(0.16	)	$	2.51	$	1.04

Diluted:
Weighted average common shares outstanding		15,299,913		15,445,569			15,311,453		15,438,375
Effects of dilutive instruments		24,598		-			22,816		38,728
Weighted average common shares outstanding		15,324,511		15,445,569			15,334,269		15,477,103

Net income attributable to National HealthCare Corporation	$	10,388	$	(2,429	)	$	38,392	$	16,092
Earnings per common share, diluted	$	0.68	$	(0.16	)	$	2.50	$	1.04

Note 10 - Investments in Marketable Securities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Marketable Securities [Table Text Block]

	September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Investments available for sale:
Marketable equity securities	$	30,176	$	102,137	$	30,176	$	100,786
Corporate debt securities		4,358		4,252		14,317		13,885
Asset-backed securities		-		-		500		494
U.S. Treasury securities		3,838		3,797		9,009		8,757
Restricted investments available for sale:
Marketable equity securities		24,059		23,683		24,326		22,358
Corporate debt securities		57,745		53,928		54,412		51,009
Asset-based securities		20,661		18,572		24,605		22,437
U.S. Treasury securities		47,824		42,401		45,989		41,294
State and municipal securities		4,133		3,961		4,877		4,771
	$	192,794	$	252,731	$	208,211		265,791

Schedule of Available-for-Sale Securities Reconciliation [Table Text Block]

September 30, 2023

December 31, 2022

Cost

Fair

Value

Cost

Fair

Value

NHI Common Stock

1,630,642

24,734

83,750

1,630,642

24,734

85,152

Investments Classified by Contractual Maturity Date [Table Text Block]

	September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Cost		Fair Value		Cost		Fair Value
Maturities:
Within 1 year	$	21,937	$	21,534	$	33,662	$	33,037
1 to 5 years		76,971		71,362		81,500		76,394
6 to 10 years		38,178		32,606		38,547		33,216
Over 10 years		1,473		1,409		-		-
	$	138,559	$	126,911	$	153,709	$	142,647

Note 11 - Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]

	Fair Value Measurements Using
September 30, 2023	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets For Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	100,308	$	100,308	$	–	$	–
Restricted cash and cash equivalents		19,947		19,947		–		–
Marketable equity securities		125,820		125,820		–		–
Corporate debt securities		58,180		34,905		23,275		–
Mortgage–backed securities		18,572		–		18,572		–
U.S. Treasury securities		46,198		46,198		–		–
State and municipal securities		3,961		1,288		2,673		–
Total financial assets	$	372,986	$	328,466	$	44,520	$	–

	Fair Value Measurements Using
December 31, 2022	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets For Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	58,667	$	58,667	$	–	$	–
Restricted cash and cash equivalents		16,198		16,198		–		–
Marketable equity securities		123,144		123,144		–		–
Corporate debt securities		64,894		48,525		16,369		–
Asset–backed securities		22,931		–		22,931		–
U.S. Treasury securities		50,051		50,051		–		–
State and municipal securities		4,771		1,337		3,434		–
Total financial assets	$	340,656	$	297,922	$	42,734	$	–

Note 12 - Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Schedule of Goodwill [Table Text Block]

	Inpatient Services		Homecare and Hospice		All Other		Total
January 1, 2023	$	3,741	$	164,554	$	–	$	168,295
Additions		–		–		–		–
September 30, 2023	$	3,741	$	164,554	$	–	$	168,295

Note 14 - Stock-based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Schedule of Share-Based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Risk–free interest rate		4.52%		1.83%
Expected volatility		29.30%		31.40%
Expected life, in years		2.9		2.9
Expected dividend yield		4.41%		3.57%

Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Activity [Table Text Block]

	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Options outstanding at January 1, 2022		374,926		$	72.95	$	–
Options granted		302,266			64.72		–
Options exercised		(32,597	)		64.49		–
Options cancelled		(199,451	)		75.98		–
Options outstanding at December 31, 2022		445,144			66.62		–
Options granted		299,712			54.45		–
Options exercised		(7,540	)		65.39		–
Options cancelled		(47,407	)		60.75		–
Options outstanding at September 30, 2023		689,909			61.75	$	2,768,603

Options exercisable at September 30, 2023		175,847			70.97	$	–

Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Table Text Block]

Options Outstanding September 30, 2023	Exercise Prices				Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life in Years
601,514		53.94	-	69.19		59.84		3.7
88,395		71.64	-	77.92		74.72		1.6
689,909						61.75		3.5

Note 1 - Description of Business (Details Textual)	Sep. 30, 2023
Number of Skilled Nursing Centers	68
Number of Beds	8,732
Number of Assisted Living Facilities	26
Number of Independent Living Facilities	5
Number of Behavioral Health Hospitals	3
Number of Homecare Programs	35
Number of Hospice Agencies	30
Number of States in which Entity Operates	8

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Textual)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Accounts Receivable, Credit Loss Expense (Reversal)	$ 1,668,000	$ 1,685,000	$ 5,331,000	$ 6,026,000
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss	8,598,000		$ 8,598,000		$ 6,246,000
Number of Reportable Segments			2
General and Administrative Expense	5,661,000	$ 6,050,000	$ 16,309,000	$ 16,636,000
Continuing Care Retirement Communities, Refund Obligation	$ 2,218,000		$ 2,218,000		$ 2,218,000
Refundable Advance Fees [Member]
Nonrefundable Resident Entry Fee Percentage			10.00%
Original Entry Fee [Member]
Refundable Resident Entry Fee Percentage			90.00%
Appreciation [Member]
Appreciation of Apartment Over Original Residents Entry Fee Percentage			40.00%
Minimum [Member]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Term of Contract (Year)	2 years		2 years
Minimum [Member] \| Building and Building Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life (Year)	20 years		20 years
Minimum [Member] \| Equipment and Furniture [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life (Year)	3 years		3 years
Maximum [Member]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Term of Contract (Year)	15 years		15 years
Maximum [Member] \| Building and Building Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life (Year)	40 years		40 years
Maximum [Member] \| Equipment and Furniture [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life (Year)	15 years		15 years

Note 3 - Coronavirus Pandemic (Details Textual) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Including Assessed Tax	$ 277,005,000	$ 260,247,000	$ 804,617,000	$ 776,661,000
Supplemental Medicaid Payments [Member]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Including Assessed Tax	4,232,000	4,773,000	15,362,000	15,312,000
Provider Relief Fund Under CARES Act [Member]
Government Assistance, Amount	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 10,940,000

Note 4 - Net Patient Revenues (Details Textual) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss	$ 8,598,000	$ 6,246,000
Medicare and Medicaid [Member]
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss	$ 15,588,000	$ 16,631,000

Note 4 - Net Patient Revenues - Revenue Disaggregation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Net patient revenues	$ 277,005	$ 260,247	$ 804,617	$ 776,661
Revenue, concentration percentage	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Medicare [Member]
Revenue, concentration percentage	33.00%	37.00%	35.00%	37.00%
Inpatient Services [Member]
Net patient revenues	$ 243,865	$ 228,138	$ 706,795	$ 680,776
Managed Care [Member]
Revenue, concentration percentage	10.00%	9.00%	10.00%	10.00%
Homecare and Hospice [Member]
Net patient revenues	$ 33,140	$ 32,109	$ 97,822	$ 95,885
Medicaid [Member]
Revenue, concentration percentage	32.00%	29.00%	30.00%	28.00%
Private Pay and Other [Member]
Revenue, concentration percentage	25.00%	25.00%	25.00%	25.00%

Note 5 - Other Revenues (Details Textual)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Note 5 - Other Revenues (Details Textual)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Number of Skilled Nursing Centers	68		68
Insurance Services Revenue	$ 989,000	$ 1,015,000	$ 2,920,000	$ 3,497,000
Workers Compensation Revenue [Member]
Insurance Services Revenue	678,000	496,000	1,985,000	1,939,000
Professional Liability Insurance [Member]
Insurance Services Revenue	$ 312,000	519,000	$ 935,000	1,558,000
National [Member]
Number of Skilled Nursing Centers	5		5
Property Management Fee Revenue	$ 1,243,000	$ 1,029,000	$ 3,968,000	$ 3,012,000
FLORIDA
Number of Skilled Nursing Centers	4		4

Note 5 - Other Revenues - Summary of Other Revenues (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Rental income	$ 5,958	$ 5,830	$ 17,966	$ 17,642
Management and accounting services fees	4,185	3,922	14,045	11,993
Insurance services	989	1,015	2,920	3,497
Other	348	(171)	1,082	452
Total other revenues	$ 11,480	$ 10,596	$ 36,013	$ 33,584

Note 6 - Non-operating Income - Summary of Non-operating Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Dividends and net realized gains and losses on sales of securities	$ 1,690	$ 1,324	$ 4,604	$ 4,381
Interest income	2,222	1,373	5,571	3,572
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated investments	185	34	1,941	498
Total non-operating income	$ 4,097	$ 2,731	$ 12,116	$ 8,451

Note 7 - Business Segments (Details Textual)	9 Months Ended
Note 7 - Business Segments (Details Textual)	Sep. 30, 2023
Number of Operating Segments	2

Note 7 - Business Segments - Summary of Financial Information by Reporting Segment (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Net patient revenues	$ 277,005,000	$ 260,247,000	$ 804,617,000	$ 776,661,000
Other revenues	11,480,000	10,596,000	36,013,000	33,584,000
Net operating revenues	288,485,000	270,843,000	840,630,000	821,185,000
Cost and expenses:
Salaries, wages, and benefits	182,664,000	173,198,000	525,782,000	518,828,000
Other operating	72,490,000	72,883,000	217,213,000	218,279,000
Facility rent	10,094,000	10,294,000	30,087,000	30,770,000
Depreciation and amortization	10,135,000	10,253,000	30,266,000	30,011,000
Interest	77,000	137,000	268,000	451,000
Total costs and expenses	275,460,000	266,765,000	803,616,000	798,339,000
Income/(loss) from operations	13,025,000	4,078,000	37,014,000	22,846,000
Non-operating income (loss)	4,097,000	2,731,000	12,116,000	8,451,000
Unrealized losses on marketable equity securities	(3,093,000)	(11,056,000)	2,943,000	(11,479,000)
Income/(loss) before income taxes	14,029,000	(4,247,000)	52,073,000	19,818,000
Revenues and grant income:
Net patient revenues	277,005,000	260,247,000	804,617,000	776,661,000
Other revenues	11,480,000	10,596,000	36,013,000	33,584,000
Net operating revenues	288,485,000	270,843,000	840,630,000	821,185,000
Government stimulus income	0	0	0	10,940,000
Inpatient Services Segment [Member]
Net patient revenues	243,865,000	228,138,000	706,795,000	680,776,000
Other revenues	297,000	(198,000)	894,000	15,000
Net operating revenues	244,162,000	227,940,000	707,689,000	691,731,000
Cost and expenses:
Salaries, wages, and benefits	151,912,000	144,047,000	435,517,000	435,322,000
Other operating	64,228,000	66,522,000	192,473,000	192,791,000
Facility rent	8,186,000	8,088,000	24,520,000	24,498,000
Depreciation and amortization	9,203,000	9,198,000	27,474,000	27,120,000
Interest	77,000	137,000	268,000	451,000
Total costs and expenses	233,606,000	227,992,000	680,252,000	680,182,000
Income/(loss) from operations	10,556,000	(52,000)	27,437,000	11,549,000
Non-operating income (loss)	0	0	0	0
Unrealized losses on marketable equity securities	0	0	0	0
Income/(loss) before income taxes	10,556,000	(52,000)	27,437,000	11,549,000
Revenues and grant income:
Net patient revenues	243,865,000	228,138,000	706,795,000	680,776,000
Other revenues	297,000	(198,000)	894,000	15,000
Net operating revenues	244,162,000	227,940,000	707,689,000	691,731,000
Government stimulus income				10,940,000
Homecare Services Segment [Member]
Net patient revenues	33,140,000	32,109,000	97,822,000	95,885,000
Other revenues	0	0	0	0
Net operating revenues	33,140,000	32,109,000	97,822,000	95,885,000
Cost and expenses:
Salaries, wages, and benefits	20,066,000	19,581,000	60,804,000	58,007,000
Other operating	5,868,000	6,310,000	17,356,000	19,848,000
Facility rent	538,000	575,000	1,639,000	1,759,000
Depreciation and amortization	185,000	248,000	555,000	472,000
Interest	0	0	0	0
Total costs and expenses	26,657,000	26,714,000	80,354,000	80,086,000
Income/(loss) from operations	6,483,000	5,395,000	17,468,000	15,799,000
Non-operating income (loss)	0	0	0	0
Unrealized losses on marketable equity securities	0	0	0	0
Income/(loss) before income taxes	6,483,000	5,395,000	17,468,000	15,799,000
Revenues and grant income:
Net patient revenues	33,140,000	32,109,000	97,822,000	95,885,000
Other revenues	0	0	0	0
Net operating revenues	33,140,000	32,109,000	97,822,000	95,885,000
Government stimulus income				0
Other Segments [Member]
Net patient revenues	0	0	0	0
Other revenues	11,183,000	10,794,000	35,119,000	33,569,000
Net operating revenues	11,183,000	10,794,000	35,119,000	33,569,000
Cost and expenses:
Salaries, wages, and benefits	10,686,000	9,570,000	29,461,000	25,499,000
Other operating	2,394,000	51,000	7,384,000	5,640,000
Facility rent	1,370,000	1,631,000	3,928,000	4,513,000
Depreciation and amortization	747,000	807,000	2,237,000	2,419,000
Interest	0	0	0	0
Total costs and expenses	15,197,000	12,059,000	43,010,000	38,071,000
Income/(loss) from operations	(4,014,000)	(1,265,000)	(7,891,000)	(4,502,000)
Non-operating income (loss)	4,097,000	2,731,000	12,116,000	8,451,000
Unrealized losses on marketable equity securities	(3,093,000)	(11,056,000)	2,943,000	(11,479,000)
Income/(loss) before income taxes	(3,010,000)	(9,590,000)	7,168,000	(7,530,000)
Revenues and grant income:
Net patient revenues	0	0	0	0
Other revenues	11,183,000	10,794,000	35,119,000	33,569,000
Net operating revenues	$ 11,183,000	$ 10,794,000	$ 35,119,000	33,569,000
Government stimulus income				$ 0

Note 8 - Long-term Leases (Details Textual)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Note 8 - Long-term Leases (Details Textual)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Year One	$ 34,765,000		$ 34,765,000
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Year Two	33,699,000		33,699,000
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Year Three	32,991,000		32,991,000
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Year Four	8,510,000		8,510,000
Operating Lease, Expense	$ 10,094,000	$ 10,294,000	$ 30,087,000	$ 30,770,000
Two Leases with NHI [Member]
Number of Skilled Nursing Centers Leased from NHI	28		28
Number of Assisted Living Centers Leased from NHI	5		5
Number of Independent Living Centers Leased from NHI	3		3
Lease One With NHI [Member]
Number of Skilled Nursing Facilities Subleased	4		4
NHI Lease Agreement [Member]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Year One	$ 34,075,000		$ 34,075,000
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Year Two	32,625,000		32,625,000
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Year Three	32,225,000		32,225,000
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Year Four	31,975,000		31,975,000
Both NHI Lease Agreements [Member]
Operating Lease, Expense	$ 9,300,000	$ 9,478,000	$ 27,719,000	$ 28,293,000
Senior Healthcare Facilities [Member]
Lessee, Finance Lease, Term of Contract (Year)	10 years		10 years
Number of Additional Lease Options	2		2
Lessee, Finance Lease, Annual Base Rent Expense			$ 5,200,000
Lessee, Finance Lease Additional Percentage Rent Percentage			4.00%

Note 8 - Long-term Leases - Maturity of Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
2024, finance leases	$ 2,166
2024, operating leases	34,765
2025, finance leases	0
2025, operating leases	33,699
2026, finance leases	0
2026, operating leases	32,991
2027, finance leases	0
2027, operating leases	8,510
2028, finance leases	0
2028, operating leases	184
Thereafter, finance leases	0
Thereafter, operating leases	4
Total minimum lease payments, finance leases	2,166
Total minimum lease payments, operating leases	110,153
Less: amounts representing interest, finance leases	(32)
Less: amounts representing interest, operating leases	(10,731)
Present value of future minimum lease payments, finance leases	2,134
Present value of future minimum lease payments, operating leases	99,422
Less: current portion, finance leases	(2,134)	$ (4,985)
Less: current portion, operating leases	(29,222)	(29,075)
Noncurrent lease liabilities, finance leases	0	860
Noncurrent lease liabilities, operating leases	$ 70,200	$ 91,016

Note 9 - Earnings Per Share (Details Textual) - shares	9 Months Ended
Note 9 - Earnings Per Share (Details Textual) - shares	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount (in shares)	637,409	389,781

Note 9 - Earnings Per Share - Summary of Earnings and Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Used in Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Basic:
Weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	15,299,913	15,445,569	15,311,453	15,438,375
Net income attributable to National HealthCare Corporation	$ 10,388	$ (2,429)	$ 38,392	$ 16,092
Earnings per common share, basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.68	$ (0.16)	$ 2.51	$ 1.04
Diluted:
Weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	15,299,913	15,445,569	15,311,453	15,438,375
Effects of dilutive instruments (in shares)	24,598	0	22,816	38,728
Weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	15,324,511	15,445,569	15,334,269	15,477,103
Net income attributable to National HealthCare Corporation	$ 10,388	$ (2,429)	$ 38,392	$ 16,092
Earnings per common share, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.68	$ (0.16)	$ 2.5	$ 1.04

Note 10 - Investments in Marketable Securities (Details Textual) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Equity Securities Fv Ni Gross Unrealized Gain	$ 73,823,000		$ 73,823,000		$ 71,869,000
Equity Securities Fv Ni Gross Unrealized Loss	2,238,000		2,238,000		3,227,000
Equity Securities, FV-NI, Unrealized Gain (Loss)	(3,093,000)	$ (11,056,000)	2,943,000	$ (11,479,000)
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	3,000		3,000		9,000
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	11,651,000		11,651,000		11,071,000
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position	$ 123,530,000		123,530,000		$ 139,629,000
Other-than-temporary Impairment Loss, Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale			0	0
Proceeds from Sale and Maturity of Marketable Securities			36,578,000	38,114,000
Debt Securities, Realized Gain (Loss)			$ (603,000)	$ (756,000)

Note 10 - Investments in Marketable Securities - Marketable Securities and Restricted Marketable Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Unrestricted investments available for sale, equity, amortized cost	$ 24,734	$ 24,734
Marketable equity securities	102,137	100,786
Unrestricted investments available for sale, debt, amortized cost	138,559	153,709
Unrestricted investments available for sale, debt, fair value	126,911	142,647
Restricted marketable equity securities	23,683	22,358
Investments available for sale, amortized cost	192,794	208,211
Marketable Securities	252,731	265,791
Equity Securities [Member]
Unrestricted investments available for sale, equity, amortized cost	30,176	30,176
Marketable equity securities	102,137	100,786
Restricted investments available for sale, equity, amortized cost	24,059	24,326
Restricted marketable equity securities	23,683	22,358
Corporate Debt Securities [Member]
Unrestricted investments available for sale, debt, amortized cost	4,358	14,317
Unrestricted investments available for sale, debt, fair value	4,252	13,885
Restricted investments available for sale, debt, amortized cost	57,745	54,412
Restricted investments available for sale, debt, fair value	53,928	51,009
Asset-Backed Securities [Member]
Unrestricted investments available for sale, debt, amortized cost	0	500
Unrestricted investments available for sale, debt, fair value	0	494
Restricted investments available for sale, debt, amortized cost	20,661	24,605
Restricted investments available for sale, debt, fair value	18,572	22,437
US Government Corporations and Agencies Securities [Member]
Unrestricted investments available for sale, debt, amortized cost	3,838	9,009
Unrestricted investments available for sale, debt, fair value	3,797	8,757
Restricted investments available for sale, debt, amortized cost	47,824	45,989
Restricted investments available for sale, debt, fair value	42,401	41,294
US States and Political Subdivisions Debt Securities [Member]
Restricted investments available for sale, debt, amortized cost	4,133	4,877
Restricted investments available for sale, debt, fair value	$ 3,961	$ 4,771

Note 10 - Investments in Marketable Securities - Available for Sale Marketable Equity Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
NHI Common Stock, Shares (in shares)	1,630,642	1,630,642
NHI Common Stock, Cost	$ 24,734	$ 24,734
NHI Common Stock, fair value	102,137	100,786
NHI Common Stock [Member]
NHI Common Stock, fair value	$ 83,750	$ 85,152

Note 10 - Investments in Marketable Securities - Amortized Cost and Estimated Fair Value of Debt Securities as Available for Sale (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Within 1 year, cost	$ 21,937	$ 33,662
Within 1 year, fair value	21,534	33,037
1 to 5 years, cost	76,971	81,500
1 to 5 years, fair value	71,362	76,394
6 to 10 years, cost	38,178	38,547
6 to 10 years, fair value	32,606	33,216
Over 10 years, cost	1,473	0
Over 10 years, fair value	1,409	0
Cost	138,559	153,709
Fair Value	$ 126,911	$ 142,647

Note 11 - Fair Value Measurements - Summary of Fair Value Measurements by Level (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	$ 19,947		$ 27,685
Available-for-sale securities (USD)	126,911	$ 142,647
Corporate Debt Securities [Member]
Available-for-sale securities (USD)	4,252	13,885
Asset-Backed Securities [Member]
Available-for-sale securities (USD)	0	494
Fair Value, Recurring [Member]
Cash and cash equivalents	100,308	58,667
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	19,947	16,198
Total financial assets	372,986	340,656
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] \| Equity Securities [Member]
Marketable equity securities	125,820	123,144
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] \| Corporate Debt Securities [Member]
Available-for-sale securities (USD)	58,180	64,894
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] \| Collateralized Mortgage-Backed Securities [Member]
Available-for-sale securities (USD)	18,572
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] \| Asset-Backed Securities [Member]
Available-for-sale securities (USD)		22,931
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] \| US Treasury Securities [Member]
Available-for-sale securities (USD)	46,198	50,051
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] \| US States and Political Subdivisions Debt Securities [Member]
Available-for-sale securities (USD)	3,961	4,771
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Cash and cash equivalents	100,308	58,667
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	19,947	16,198
Total financial assets	328,466	297,922
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] \| Equity Securities [Member]
Marketable equity securities	125,820	123,144
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] \| Corporate Debt Securities [Member]
Available-for-sale securities (USD)	34,905	48,525
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] \| Collateralized Mortgage-Backed Securities [Member]
Available-for-sale securities (USD)	0
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] \| Asset-Backed Securities [Member]
Available-for-sale securities (USD)		0
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] \| US Treasury Securities [Member]
Available-for-sale securities (USD)	46,198	50,051
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] \| US States and Political Subdivisions Debt Securities [Member]
Available-for-sale securities (USD)	1,288	1,337
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Total financial assets	44,520	42,734
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] \| Equity Securities [Member]
Marketable equity securities	0	0
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] \| Corporate Debt Securities [Member]
Available-for-sale securities (USD)	23,275	16,369
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] \| Collateralized Mortgage-Backed Securities [Member]
Available-for-sale securities (USD)	18,572
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] \| Asset-Backed Securities [Member]
Available-for-sale securities (USD)		22,931
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] \| US Treasury Securities [Member]
Available-for-sale securities (USD)	0	0
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] \| US States and Political Subdivisions Debt Securities [Member]
Available-for-sale securities (USD)	$ 2,673	$ 3,434

Note 12 - Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Details Textual)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Goodwill and Intangible Asset Impairment, Total	$ 0
Acquisition of Caris [Member] \| Trade Names [Member]
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired	4,340,000
Acquisition of Caris [Member] \| Certificates of Need and Licenses [Member]
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets Acquired	$ 2,698,000

Note 12 - Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Activity Related to Goodwill By Segment (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Goodwill, balance	$ 168,295
Goodwill, additions	0
Goodwill, balance	168,295
Inpatient Services Segment [Member]
Goodwill, balance	3,741
Goodwill, additions	0
Goodwill, balance	3,741
Homecare and Hospice Segment [Member]
Goodwill, balance	164,554
Goodwill, additions	0
Goodwill, balance	$ 164,554

Note 13 - Stock Repurchase Program (Details Textual) - Common Stock [Member] - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Stock Repurchased and Retired During Period, Shares (in shares)	44,349	99,547
Stock Repurchased and Retired During Period, Value	$ 2,482,000	$ 6,907,000

Note 14 - Stock-based Compensation (Details Textual) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Amount	$ 4,068,000		$ 4,068,000
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition (Year)			2 years
Salaries, Wages, and Benefits [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expense	$ 708,000	$ 639,000	$ 2,119,000	$ 1,980,000

Note 14 - Stock-based Compensation - Summary of Assumptions Used to Value Options Granted (Details)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Risk–free interest rate	4.52%	1.83%
Expected volatility	29.30%	31.40%
Expected life (Year)	2 years 10 months 24 days	2 years 10 months 24 days
Expected dividend yield	4.41%	3.57%

Note 14 - Stock-based Compensation - Summary of Options Outstanding (Details)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares
Options outstanding, shares (in shares) \| shares	445,144	374,926
Options outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 66.62	$ 72.95
Options granted, shares (in shares) \| shares	299,712	302,266
Options granted, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 54.45	$ 64.72
Options exercised, shares (in shares) \| shares	(7,540)	(32,597)
Options exercised, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 65.39	$ 64.49
Options cancelled, shares (in shares) \| shares	(47,407)	(199,451)
Options cancelled, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 60.75	$ 75.98
Options outstanding, shares (in shares) \| shares	689,909	445,144
Options outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 61.75	$ 66.62
Options outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value \| $	$ 2,768,603
Options exercisable, shares (in shares) \| shares	175,847
Options exercisable, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 70.97

Note 14 - Stock-based Compensation - Options Outstanding by Exercise Price Range (Details) shares in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares
Options, outstanding (in shares) \| shares	0
Weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 61.75
Weighted average remaining contractual life (Year)	3 years 6 months
Exercise Price Range 1 [Member]
Exercise price, lower range (in dollars per share)	$ 53.94
Options, outstanding (in shares) \| shares	0
Exercise price, upper range (in dollars per share)	$ 69.19
Weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 59.84
Weighted average remaining contractual life (Year)	3 years 8 months 12 days
Exercise Price Range 2 [Member]
Exercise price, lower range (in dollars per share)	$ 71.64
Options, outstanding (in shares) \| shares	0
Exercise price, upper range (in dollars per share)	$ 77.92
Weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 74.72
Weighted average remaining contractual life (Year)	1 year 7 months 6 days

Note 15 - Income Taxes (Details Textual) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Note 15 - Income Taxes (Details Textual) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent	27.90%	26.80%	28.30%	27.30%
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, at Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Percent			21.00%	21.00%
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Benefit Resulting from Expiration of Applicable Statute Limitations, Amount	$ 0	$ 437,000	$ 0	$ 437,000

Note 16 - Credit Facility - Schedule of Long-Term Debt Instruments (Details Textual) - Credit Facility [Member]	1 Months Ended
	May 31, 2023 USD ($)
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 50,000,000
Long-Term Debt, Gross	$ 0
Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	1.25%
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate, With Maintained Levels of Deposits	1.10%