Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________ to __________

Commission file number 001-40646

ABSCI CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware						85-3383487
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

18105 SE Mill Plain Blvd Vancouver, WA						98683
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)						(Zip Code)

(360) 949-1041

Registrant's telephone number, including area code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock. $0.0001 par value

ABSI

The Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):


Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The registrant had outstanding 113,083,669 shares of $0.0001 par value common stock as of April 30, 2024.

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		Page No.
Part I Financial Information (Unaudited)		6
Item 1.	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023	6
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	7
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	8
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	9
	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	10
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	17
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk	27
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	27

Part II Other Information		28
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	28
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	28
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	28
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	28
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	28
Item 5.	Other Information	28
Item 6.	Exhibits	29
Signatures		30

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include statements that may relate to our plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events, future revenue or performance, capital expenditures, financing needs and other information that is not historical information. Many of these statements appear, in particular, under the headings “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and “Risk Factors”. Forward-looking statements can often be identified by the use of terminology such as “may,” “might,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. In addition, any statements or information that refer to expectations, beliefs, plans, projections, objectives, performance or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking. In particular, these forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

•our expectations regarding our further development of, successful application of, and the rate and degree of market acceptance of, our Integrated Drug Creation platform, including progress towards fully in silico biologic drug discovery;

•our expectations regarding our ability to leverage our Integrated Drug Creation platform to shorten preclinical development of biologics;

•our expectations regarding the markets for our services and technologies, including the growth rate of the biologics market;

•our ability to attract new partners and enter into drug creation agreements that contain milestone and royalty obligations in favor of us;

•our potential to receive revenue from the achievement of milestones and from royalties on net sales under agreements with our partners with respect to products originating from our Integrated Drug Creation platform;

•our ability to enter into license agreements for our existing Active Programs with those partners who do not currently have milestone payment and royalty obligations to us;

•our ability to manage and grow our business by expanding our relationships with existing partners or introducing our Integrated Drug Creation platform to new partners and developing lead drug candidates for our internal drug discovery efforts;

•our expectations regarding our current and future partners’ continued development of, and ability to commercialize, biologic drugs generated utilizing our platform;

•our plans and expectations regarding our internal discovery and development, including preclinical and clinical trial timelines, of programs using our platform;

•our expectations and estimates of our expenses, ongoing losses, future revenue, capital requirements and our need for or ability to obtain additional funding before we can expect to generate additional revenue;

•our estimates of the sufficiency of our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments;

•our calculations and estimates related to the valuation of our intangible assets;

•our ability to establish, maintain or expand collaborations, partnerships or strategic relationships;

•our ability to provide our partners with a full biologic drug discovery and cell line development solution from target to Investigational New Drug application (IND)-ready, including non-standard amino acid incorporation capabilities and the application of artificial intelligence across our Integrated Drug Creation platform;

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•our ability to obtain, maintain and enforce intellectual property protection for our platform, products and technologies, the duration of such protection and our ability to operate our business without infringing on the intellectual property rights of others;

•our ability to attract, hire and retain key personnel and to manage our growth effectively;

•our expectations regarding use of our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments;

•our financial performance and that of companies in our industry and the financial markets generally;

•the volatility of the trading price of our common stock;

•our competitive position and the development of and projections relating to our competitors or our industry;

•the effects of the organizational realignment that we announced in September 2023;

•the impact of laws and regulations;

•our expectations regarding the time during which we will be an emerging growth company under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (JOBS Act); and

•global economic conditions, including market volatility, acts of war and civil and political unrest, and our expectations about market trends and effects from inflation.

We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions, or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Actual results or events could differ materially from the plans, intentions, and expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements we make. Moreover, we operate in a competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, collaborations, joint ventures, or investments we may make or enter into.

You should read this Quarterly Report and the documents that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. The forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report are made as of the date of this Quarterly Report, and we do not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.

In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Quarterly Report, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete. Our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

Except as otherwise indicated, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “Absci,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Absci Corporation and its subsidiaries.

Trademarks

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains references to our trademarks and service marks and to those belonging to third parties. Absci’s stylized A logo, Absci®, SoluPro®, Bionic SoluPro®, and SoluPure® are our registered trademarks with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. We also use various other trademarks, service marks and trade names in our business, including but not limited to, the Absci AI logo mark, HiPrBind, Bionic proteins, IgDesign,Translating Ideas into Drugs, Integrated Drug Creation, Unlimit with us, Creating drugs at the speed of Ai, Better biologics for patients, faster, Breakthrough therapeutics at the click of a button, for everyone, Denovium, and Denovium Engine. All other trademarks, service marks or trade names referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are the intellectual property of their respective owners. Use of these marks/trade names does not imply affiliation, endorsement, or sponsorship of any kind. Solely for convenience, the trademarks and trade names in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may be referred to with

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or without the ® and ™ symbols, but references which omit the ® and ™ symbols should not be construed as any indicator that their respective owners will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, their rights thereto.

Availability of Other Information about Absci

Investors and others should note that we routinely communicate with investors and the public using our website (www.absci.com) and our investor relations website (investors.absci.com) free of charge, including without limitation, through the posting of investor presentations, SEC filings (including amendments and exhibits to such filings as soon as reasonably practicable after filed with or furnished to the SEC), press releases, public conference calls and webcasts on these websites, as well as on X (Twitter), LinkedIn and YouTube. The information that we post on these websites and social media outlets could be deemed to be material information. As a result, investors, the media, and others interested in Absci are encouraged to review this information on a regular basis. The contents of our website and social media postings, or any other website that may be accessed from our website or social media postings, shall not be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

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Part I. Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

ABSCI CORPORATION

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS



	March 31,		December 31,
(In thousands, except for share and per share data)	2024		2023
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	58,831	$	72,362
Restricted cash	16,350		16,193
Short-term investments	102,712		25,297
Receivables under development arrangements, net	42		2,189
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,863		4,537
Total current assets	181,798		120,578
Operating lease right-of-use assets	4,275		4,490
Property and equipment, net	38,755		41,328
Intangibles, net	47,411		48,253

Restricted cash, long-term	1,126		1,112
Other long-term assets	1,533		1,537
TOTAL ASSETS	$	274,898	$	217,298
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	1,653	$	1,503
Accrued expenses	15,398		19,303
Long-term debt	3,301		3,258
Operating lease obligations	1,586		1,679
Financing lease obligations	287		641
Deferred revenue	3,063		3,174
Total current liabilities	25,288		29,558
Long-term debt, net of current portion	3,745		4,660
Operating lease obligations, net of current portion	5,296		5,643
Finance lease obligations, net of current portion	29		76
Deferred tax liability, net	175		186
Deferred revenue, long-term	180		966
Other long-term liabilities	78		33
TOTAL LIABILITIES	34,791		41,122

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding	—		—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 112,998,922 and 93,087,675 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	11		9
Additional paid-in capital	668,698		582,699
Accumulated deficit	(428,470)		(406,495)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(132)		(37)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	240,107		176,176
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$	274,898	$	217,298

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ABSCI CORPORATION

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS



	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands, except for share and per share data)		2024		2023
Revenues
Technology development revenue		$	898	$	1,269

Total revenues		898		1,269
Operating expenses
Research and development		12,236		12,657
Selling, general and administrative		8,744		9,593
Depreciation and amortization		3,416		3,504

Total operating expenses		24,396		25,754
Operating loss		(23,498)		(24,485)
Other income (expense)
Interest expense		(176)		(321)
Other income, net		1,711		1,458
Total other income, net		1,535		1,137
Loss before income taxes		(21,963)		(23,348)
Income tax expense		(12)		(7)
Net loss		$	(21,975)	$	(23,355)




Net loss per share: Basic and diluted		$	(0.22)	$	(0.26)

Weighted-average common shares outstanding: Basic and diluted		99,393,333		91,479,452

Comprehensive loss:
Net loss		$	(21,975)	$	(23,355)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(47)		(14)
Unrealized (loss) gain on investments		(48)		39
Comprehensive loss		$	(22,070)	$	(23,330)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ABSCI CORPORATION

UNAUDITED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY



(In thousands, except for share and per share data)	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Stockholders' Equity
						Shares			Amount
Balances - December 31, 2023			93,087,675	$	9		$	582,699	$	(406,495)	$	(37)	$	176,176
Issuance of common shares, net of issuance costs of $411			19,205,000	2			80,825		—		—		80,827
Issuance of shares under stock plans, net of shares withheld for tax payments			706,247	—			1,630		—		—		1,630
Stock-based compensation			—	—			3,544		—		—		3,544

Foreign currency translation adjustments			—	—			—		—		(47)		(47)
Unrealized gain on investments			—	—			—		—		(48)		(48)

Net loss			—	—			—		(21,975)		—		(21,975)
Balances - March 31, 2024			112,998,922	$	11		$	668,698	$	(428,470)	$	(132)	$	240,107



(In thousands, except for share and per share data)	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Stockholders' Equity
						Shares			Amount
Balances - December 31, 2022			92,411,103	$	9		$	570,454	$	(295,929)	$	(120)	$	274,414
Issuance of shares under stock plans, net of shares withheld for tax payments			171,899	—			229		—		—		229
Stock-based compensation			—	—			2,652		—		—		2,652
Forfeiture of common stock			(101,030)	—			—		—		—		—
Foreign currency translation adjustments			—	—			—		—		(14)		(14)
Unrealized gain on investments			—	—			—		—		39		39

Net loss			—	—			—		(23,355)		—		(23,355)
Balances - March 31, 2023			92,481,972	$	9		$	573,335	$	(319,284)	$	(95)	$	253,965

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ABSCI CORPORATION

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS



	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)	2024		2023
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Net loss	(21,975)		(23,355)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	3,416		3,504




Deferred income taxes	(11)		(14)
Stock-based compensation	3,590		2,652

Accretion of discount on short-term investments	(631)		(832)


Other	(45)		(338)




Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables under development arrangements	2,147		247
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	520		1,153
Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities	(225)		(201)
Other long-term assets	4		60
Accounts payable	150		(482)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(3,905)		(2,427)
Deferred revenue	(898)		(86)
Net cash used in operating activities	(17,863)		(20,119)
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Purchases of property and equipment	—		(280)


Investment in short-term investments	(97,330)		(69,073)
Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments	20,500		42,000
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment	149		52

Net cash used in investing activities	(76,681)		(27,301)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities



Principal payments on long-term debt	(872)		(662)
Principal payments on finance lease obligations	(401)		(671)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs	82,457		229

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	81,184		(1,104)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(13,360)		(48,524)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - Beginning of year	89,667		76,842
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash - End of period	$	76,307	$	28,318



Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities



Property and equipment purchases included in accounts payable	—		126

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ABSCI CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.Organization and nature of operations

Absci Corporation (the “Company”) is a data-first generative AI drug creation company that combines AI with scalable wet lab technologies to create better biologics for patients, faster. Absci leverages its integrated drug creation platform (the “Integrated Drug Creation Platform”) to improve upon traditional biologic drug discovery by using AI to simultaneously optimize multiple drug characteristics important to development and therapeutic benefit. The Company was organized in the State of Oregon in August 2011 as a limited liability company and converted to a limited liability company (“LLC”) in Delaware in April 2016. In October 2020, the Company converted from a Delaware LLC to a Delaware corporation. The Company’s headquarters are located in Vancouver, Washington.

Unaudited interim financial information

The Company prepared its interim condensed consolidated financial statements that accompany these notes in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (US GAAP), consistent in all material respects with those applied in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

The Company has made estimates and judgments affecting the amounts reported in its condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. The actual results that the Company experiences may differ materially from its estimates. The interim financial information is unaudited and reflects all normal adjustments that are, in the Company’s opinion, necessary to provide a fair statement of results for the interim periods presented. This report should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 where the Company includes additional information about its critical accounting estimates.

2.Revenue recognition

Contract balances

Contract liabilities are recorded in deferred revenue when cash payments are received or due in advance of the satisfaction of performance obligations. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, contract liabilities were $3.2 million and $4.1 million, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $0.9 million and $0.1 million, respectively, as revenue that had been included in deferred revenue at the beginning of the period.

Concentration Risk

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, two partners represented approximately 99% of total revenue under technology development arrangements. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, one partner represented approximately 93% of total revenue under technology development arrangements.

3.Investments

Cash equivalents, marketable securities and deposits are classified as available-for-sale and are, therefore, recorded at fair value on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, with any unrealized gains and losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss, which is reflected as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets, until realized. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

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ABSCI CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The amortized cost and fair value of investments are as follows (in thousands):



	March 31, 2024
	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair market value
Assets
Money market funds	$	1,513	$	—	$	—	$	1,513

U.S. treasuries	114,679		—		(46)		114,633
Total	$	116,192	$	—	$	(46)	$	116,146
Classified as:
Cash equivalents							$	13,434
Short-term investments							102,712

Total							$	116,146



	December 31, 2023
	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair market value
Assets
Money market funds	$	1,158	$	—	$	—	$	1,158

U.S. treasuries	39,332		2		—		39,334
Total	$	40,490	$	2	$	—	$	40,492
Classified as:
Cash equivalents							$	15,195
Short-term investments							25,297

Total							$	40,492

Investments held as of March 31, 2024 have a remaining maturity of less than one year. Proceeds from maturities of available for sale securities were $34.6 million and $42.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Unrealized gains and losses on securities were primarily due to changes in interest rates.

The Company holds a non-marketable equity investment with a carrying value of $1.2 million which is classified as other long-term assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

4.Stock-based compensation

The Company grants stock options, restricted stock units, and stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) under the 2021 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (“2021 Plan”) and the 2023 Inducement Plan (the “2023 Inducement Plan”). On January 1, 2024, the number of shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2021 Plan was increased by 4,654,384 shares pursuant to an automatic annual increase. As of March 31, 2024, 3,667,088 shares were available for future grant under the 2021 Plan. As of March 31, 2024, 2,500,000 shares were available for future grant under the 2023 Inducement Plan.

Total stock-based compensation expense related to all of the Company’s stock-based awards was recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as follows (in thousands):

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ABSCI CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
		2024		2023
Research and development		$	1,654	$	1,193
Selling, general and administrative		1,943		1,473
Total stock-based compensation expense		$	3,597	$	2,666

Stock options

Stock options generally vest either 25% after one year from the date of the grant with the remainder vesting monthly over the following three-year period or ratably over three years in three equal installments. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur and uses the straight-line expense recognition method. Activity for stock options is shown below:


	Number of Options	Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands $)
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	17,104,505	$	3.03	8.3	$	30,661
Granted	3,970,309	4.38
Exercised	(542,741)	2.68			1,233
Canceled/Forfeited	(225,111)	2.59
Expired	(40,087)	5.11
Outstanding at March 31, 2024	20,266,875	3.31		8.5	$	55,369
Exercisable at March 31, 2024	5,926,599	$	3.66	7.1	$	16,497

The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding stock options as of March 31, 2024 was calculated based on the Company’s closing stock price of $5.68 per share as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on such date.

The weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $3.15 and $1.46, respectively, per share. As of March 31, 2024, total unrecognized stock-based compensation related to stock options was $29.6 million, which the Company expects to recognize over a remaining weighted average period of 2.6 years.

Determination of fair value

The estimated grant-date fair value of all the Company’s stock options was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, based on the following assumptions:



	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
		2024	2023
Expected term (in years)		5.5-6.1	5.3-6.1
Volatility		81%-82%	79%-80%
Risk-free interest rate		3.8%-4.1%	3.4%-4.2%
Dividend Yield		—%	—%

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ABSCI CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Restricted stock

In connection with certain business combinations and as compensation for other service relationships, the Company has issued shares of restricted stock that vest over time subject to continued service by the stockholder. Shares of restricted stock that have not yet vested are subject to the Company’s right of repurchase or forfeiture by the stockholder. Activity for restricted shares is shown below:


			Number of shares
Unvested as of December 31, 2023			374,208


Vested			(105,336)
Unvested as of March 31, 2024			268,872

As of March 31, 2024, there was $0.6 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to the outstanding shares of restricted stock expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 0.9 years.

Restricted stock units subject to time-based vesting generally vest ratably over a term of 1-4 years. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur and uses the straight-line expense recognition method. Activity for restricted stock units is shown below:


	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested as of December 31, 2023	2,198,334	$	1.42
Granted	2,426,855	3.62
Vested	(14,326)	2.21
Forfeitures	(61,908)	1.56
Unvested as of March 31, 2024	4,548,955	$	2.59

The weighted-average grant date fair value of restricted stock units granted during the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $3.62. The aggregate grant date fair value of restricted stock units vested during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $0.0 million. As of March 31, 2024, there was $11.7 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to the outstanding restricted stock units expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 2.0 years. Fair value of restricted stock units subject to time-based vesting is calculated based on the Company’s closing stock price per share as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on the date of grant.

Restricted Stock Unit Award with Market Conditions

In March 2024, the Company granted 1,500,000 performance restricted stock units to its Founder and Chief Executive Officer that contained market conditions (the “2024 Market Award”). Subject to the holder’s continued service, the 2024 Market Award provided for vesting in tranches once the Company’s closing stock price meets or exceeds certain thresholds established by the Company’s Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. The original grant-date fair value of the 2024 Market Award of $5.5 million was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model using an expected volatility of 97% and risk-free rate of 4.5%. The stock based compensation expense will be recognized over the derived service period for each tranche over periods up to 1.3 years. As of March 31, 2024, none of the stock price thresholds for the 2024 Market Award had been met resulting in no shares vesting. Any unvested tranches of the 2024 Market Award will expire in March 2027 if the vesting conditions are not met.

Stock appreciation rights

In January 2021, the Company issued SARs that are contingent upon a qualifying liquidity event that continues to not be probable of occurrence; accordingly, no compensation expense has been recognized for these awards. The aggregate intrinsic value of the 394,736 SARs outstanding as of March 31, 2024 is $2.2

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ABSCI CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

million based on the Company’s closing stock price of $5.68 per share as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on such date.

Under the Company’s 2020 Stock Option and Grant Plan and 2021 Plan, the Company has also granted a limited quantity of cash-settled SARs to certain employees and consultants based outside the United States. As of March 31, 2024, 197,150 of these SARs were outstanding with a weighted average exercise price of $4.65 per share. The fair value is remeasured at the end of each reporting period based on the Company’s stock price, with remeasurements reflected as an adjustment to compensation expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for such period. As of March 31, 2024 and as of December 31, 2023, the Company had recognized a less than $0.1 million liability for SARs classified within other long-term liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

5.Fair value measurements

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) has defined fair value to establish a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the accounting guidance establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets.

Level 2: Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

When quoted market prices are available in active markets, the fair value of assets and liabilities is estimated within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy.

If quoted prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of assets and liabilities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flows, within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. In cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, the fair values are estimated by using inputs within Level 3 of the hierarchy.

The following tables summarize the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):



	March 31, 2024
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Debt Securities:
Money market funds	$	1,513	$	—	$	—	$	1,513

U.S. treasuries	7,715		106,918		—		114,633


Total assets	$	9,228	$	106,918	$	—	$	116,146
Liabilities:



Contingent consideration	$	—	$	—	$	12,750	$	12,750
Total liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	12,750	$	12,750

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ABSCI CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



	December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Debt Securities:
Money market funds	$	1,158	$	—	$	—	$	1,158

U.S. treasuries	15,929		23,405		—		39,334


Total assets	$	17,087	$	23,405	$	—	$	40,492
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	$	—	$	—	$	12,750	$	12,750
Total liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	12,750	$	12,750

The Company reviews trading activity and pricing for its available-for-sale securities as of the measurement date.

There was no change to the value of liabilities measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The contingent consideration liability is related to the acquisition of Totient, Inc. and is included in accrued expenses on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The fair value estimate is based on a probability-weighted approach. The contingent consideration of $15.0 million held in escrow shall be paid upon the achievement of the milestone of either entering into agreements meeting certain financial criteria with third parties using, or relating to, Totient technology or the first commercial sale of a Totient product. The contingent consideration held in escrow is included in restricted cash on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The carrying amount of long-term debt approximates fair value.

There are significant judgments, assumptions and estimates inherent in the determination of the fair value of each of the instruments described above. In the future, depending on the valuation approaches used and the expected timing and weighting of each, the inputs described above, or other inputs, may have a greater or lesser impact on the Company’s estimates of fair value.

6.Net loss per share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period.

The following table sets forth the computation of the Company’s basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):



	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
		2024		2023
Numerator:



Net loss		$	(21,975)	$	(23,355)

Denominator:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		99,393,333		91,479,452

Net loss per share, basic and diluted		$	(0.22)	$	(0.26)

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ABSCI CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The common stock issuable upon the conversion or exercise of the following dilutive securities has been excluded from the diluted net loss per share calculation because their effect would have been anti-dilutive. Diluted net loss per share, therefore, does not differ from basic net loss per share for the periods presented.

Potentially dilutive securities not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share because to do so would be anti-dilutive are as follows (in common stock equivalent shares calculated on a weighted-average basis for the period outstanding):



	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
		2024	2023

Stock options		19,326,573	13,770,552
Restricted stock units		2,975,663	34,546
Unvested restricted stock		311,133	876,859
Employee stock purchase plan		102,381	104,576

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

Absci is a data-first generative AI drug creation company that combines AI with scalable wet lab technologies to create better biologics for patients, faster. With the data to train, the AI to create, and the wet lab to validate, our Integrated Drug Creation platform aims to engineer better biologics with design-in functionality and best-in-class properties.

Antibody-based therapeutics represent an extraordinary medical and economic opportunity, yet the biopharmaceutical industry faces significant challenges in bringing these life-changing medicines to patients. Our Integrated Drug Creation platform is designed to improve upon traditional biologic drug discovery by using AI to simultaneously optimize multiple drug characteristics that may be important to development and therapeutic benefit. This has the potential to significantly shorten time to clinic and increase the probability of success. Our approach expands the possibilities in biopharmaceuticals — shifting from a paradigm of drug discovery to drug creation — with the goal of bringing best-in-class and first-in-class antibody therapeutics to the patients who need them.

Generative AI depends on massive training datasets to generate quality results. For example, GPT-4, a well-known generative AI model, was trained on data at scale readily available through public sources such as the internet. Such a data set does not exist for drug discovery. For this reason, current AI drug discovery mainly focuses on small-molecule drugs. Their simpler structure allows the synthesis and screening of million-member chemical libraries, which can then provide training data for generative AI models. In contrast, using AI models to design biologic drugs is more challenging because the existing biological datasets are much smaller, meaning there is less training data available for developing highly predictive AI models. Biologic drugs, however, are inherently more selective than small molecules and hence have in general better safety profiles in patients. Hence, building large training data sets for biologic drugs interactions offers the potential for AI models to design highly specific, safe therapeutics for a wide variety of disease targets less addressable by small molecules.

Our AI models accelerate the design and optimization of antibody candidates with potentially novel, best-in-class attributes. We then use our proprietary wet lab assays to validate those antibody candidates at scale. This combination of in silico modeling with wet lab testing allows us to generate immense real-world datasets that we harness to train and refine our deep learning models.

Through iterative AI predictions, wet lab validation, and AI training we enable a virtuous cycle that we believe will accelerate us toward fully in silico biologic drug discovery. With the data to learn, the AI to create, and the wet lab to validate, Absci can create billions of antibody designs and screen millions of ranked antibody sequences in weeks, allowing us to go from AI-designed antibodies to wet lab-validated candidates in as little as six weeks. Our unique Integrated Drug Creation approach has the potential to significantly shorten preclinical development timelines from 5-7 years in benchmarked timelines to 18-24 months, enabling us to build a strong pipeline of both partnered and wholly-owned candidates that can expand therapeutic possibilities.

Our business model is to use our platform for rapid creation of biologic drug candidates by:

Establishing partnerships with stakeholders in the drug discovery and development life cycle: We create drug candidates with partners, including pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies who are responsible for preclinical and clinical testing of biologic candidates generated through our platform. Our partnerships will provide us with the opportunity to participate in the future success of the biologic candidates generated utilizing our platform, including through potential clinical, regulatory and commercial milestone payments as well as royalties on net sales of approved products. We aim to assemble economic interests in a diversified portfolio of partnered pipeline assets of biologics across multiple indications.

Developing our own proprietary asset pipeline: We aim to create therapeutic assets comprising our own internal program pipeline. With the ability to find targets and develop potential best-in-class assets, we intend to develop promising assets to value inflection points, anywhere from preclinical

validation through clinical trials, before partnering or selling them. We may enter into clinical trials and/or manufacturing partnerships to advance specific therapeutic assets to target such value inflection points. We believe that by developing our own pipeline, we will create optionality for enhanced monetization and validation of our platform.

Our evolving business model is underpinned by a strategic shift towards diversifying our program portfolio through both partnered drug creation programs and internal asset development programs. Our approach is to balance the portfolio between partnered programs that broaden our reach into various indications and provide R&D and upfront funding, and internal programs for which we have more control and the potential for partnerships or asset sales that provide more significant economic returns. The cornerstone of this business model evolution lies in the diversification of risk and potential return on investment. Engaging in drug creation partnerships may enable us to reach broader indications and markets, whereas internal asset development may be more advantageous in terms of greater control over program selection, development timeline, and return on investment. Our dual-faceted model not only secures a focused set of indications but also gives us greater optionality, enhancing our ability to pivot and adapt as the programs progress. We believe we will grow and diversify our portfolio of programs through our model, ultimately driving innovation and delivering value for all stakeholders.

Total revenue was $0.9 million and $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, due to timing of project-based milestones achieved and the mix of ongoing programs utilizing our Integrated Drug Creation platform. We incurred a net loss of $22.0 million and $23.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Research and development expenses decreased by $0.4 million, or 3%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. As of March 31, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $428.5 million and cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments totaling $161.5 million.

We expect to continue to incur significant expenses in connection with our ongoing activities, including as we:

•implement an effective business development strategy to drive adoption of our Integrated Drug Creation platform by new and existing partners;

•develop our internal proprietary asset pipeline of lead drug candidates;

•continue to engage in research and development efforts and scale our drug creation activities to meet potential demand at a reasonable cost;

•develop, acquire, in-license or otherwise obtain technologies that enable us to expand our platform capabilities; and

•attract, retain and motivate highly qualified personnel.

Our corporate headquarters and primary research and development facilities are located in Vancouver, Washington in a 77,974 square foot facility that includes general administrative office space and laboratory space. Our AI Research Lab is located in New York, New York and our Innovation Center is located in Zug, Switzerland. Additionally, we have a research and development presence in Belgrade, Serbia.

Key Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations and Future Performance

We believe that our future financial performance will be primarily driven by multiple factors as described below, each of which presents growth opportunities for our business. These factors also pose important challenges that we must successfully address in order to sustain our growth and improve our results of operations. Our ability to successfully address these challenges is subject to various risks and uncertainties, including those described in the sections of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and of this Quarterly Report titled “Risk Factors”.

•Establish new partnerships: Our potential to grow revenue and long-term earnings will require us to successfully identify and establish drug creation arrangements with new partners.

•Increase the number of programs under existing partnerships: The execution of our long-term strategy relies substantially on the value our partners believe can be recognized from our programs. Our continued growth depends on our ability to expand the scope of our existing partnerships and add new molecules for drug creation partnerships with current partners.

•Create our proprietary asset pipeline: We are in the process of selectively creating our own lead drug candidates and intend to advance them up to value inflection points anywhere from preclinical validation through clinical trials. In some cases we may out-license or transfer drug candidates for clinical advancement by a partner, with the expectation of a greater share in the economics relative to the milestones and royalties we may secure for our core platform technology development licenses.

•Successfully complete our drug creation activities and enter licensing arrangements with our partners: Our business model depends upon entering into licensing arrangements with our partners to advance the drug candidates which we generate through clinical development to commercialization. Both our ability to successfully complete drug creation activities to meet the needs of a partner, and the partner’s prioritization of the subject program, impact the likelihood and timing of any election by a partner to enter into a licensing arrangement. There is no assurance that a partner will elect to license.

•Our partners successfully developing and commercializing the drug candidates generated with our technology: Our business model is dependent on the eventual progression of biologic drug candidates discovered or initially developed utilizing our Integrated Drug Creation platform into clinical trials and commercialization. Given the nature of our relationships with our partners, we often do not fully control the progression, clinical development, regulatory strategy, public disclosure or eventual commercialization, if approved, of our partnered product candidates. As a result, our future success and our potential eligibility to receive milestone payments and royalties are significantly dependent on our partners’ efforts over which we have no control. The timing and scope of any approval that may be required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), or any other regulatory body, for drugs that are developed based on molecules discovered and/or manufactured using our Integrated Drug Creation platform technologies can significantly impact our results of operations and future performance.

•Continued significant investments in our research and development of new technologies and platform expansion: We are seeking to further refine and expand our platform and the scope of our capabilities, which may or may not be successful. This includes, but is not limited to, novel target identification, de novo discovery, incorporation of non-standard amino acids (Bionic protein creation), and application of artificial intelligence across our Integrated Drug Creation platform. We may also invest significantly in developing our own proprietary lead drug candidates and advancing them through preclinical, or later, validation. We expect to incur significant expenses to advance these research and development efforts or to invest in or acquire complementary technologies, but these efforts may not be successful.

•Drive commercial adoption of our Integrated Drug Creation platform capabilities: Driving the adoption of our Integrated Drug Creation platform across existing and new markets will require significant investment. We plan to further invest in research and development to support the expansion of our platform capabilities including new molecules to existing partners or help deliver our platform to new markets.

Key Business Metrics

We continue to identify key business metrics to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate financial projections and make strategic decisions. We believe that the following metrics are the most important for understanding our current business trajectory. These metrics may change or may be substituted for additional or different metrics as our business develops. For example, as our business matures and to the extent drug candidates generated with our technologies enter clinical development, or as we may enter partnerships addressing programs over multiple years, or as certain programs may be discontinued by partners, we anticipate updating these metrics to reflect such changes.


	March 31,	December 31,
	2024	2023
Partners, Cumulative (1)	24	24
Active Programs (2)	16	16

(1) Partners represents the unique number of partners with whom we have executed drug creation agreements. We view this metric as an indication of our ability to execute our business development activities and level of our market penetration.

(2) Active Programs represents drug creation programs that are subject to ongoing technology development activities intended to determine if the program can be pursued by our partner for future clinical development, as well as any program for which our partner obtains and maintains a license to our technology to advance the program after completion of the drug creation phase. There is no assurance, however, that our partners will advance any drug candidates that are currently the subject of Active Programs into further preclinical or clinical development or that our partners will elect to license our technologies upon completion of the drug creation phase in a timely manner, or at all. In light of the inherent risks and uncertainties associated with drug development, we anticipate that our partners may from time to time abandon or terminate the development of one or more drug candidates generated from our platform. As we are notified of such terminations, we will remove the subject programs from our Active Programs count.

As of March 31, 2024, our Active Programs are as follows:

Partner

Contract Date

Active Programs

Therapeutic Area

PrecisionLife

December 2023

Undisclosed

Almirall

November 2023

Dermatology

AstraZeneca

November 2023

Oncology

Undisclosed

July 2023

Undisclosed

March 2023

Undisclosed

Merck

January 2022

Undisclosed

Merck

December 2019

Undisclosed

Alpha Cancer Technologies

August 2019

Oncology

SFJ Pharmaceuticals

April 2019

Hematology

Total Active Programs

Our Integrated Drug Creation platform is primarily utilized in our partnerships for drug creation across indications using AI to simultaneously optimize multiple drug characteristics that may be important to development and therapeutic benefit. One of our Active Programs with an undisclosed partner is leveraging our platform capabilities to optimize pharmacokinetic properties for a Phase II candidate and one of our Active Programs with an undisclosed partner is leveraging our platform capabilities including our antibody library. We also have three Active Programs focused on our legacy model of developing production cell lines for drug candidates that our partners are developing. Two of these legacy cell line development Active Programs are preclinical and one is in Phase 3 clinical development (PhaseBio Pharmaceuticals’ drug candidate, bentracimab, assumed by SFJ Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in January 2023).

We have negotiated license agreements, or expect to negotiate license agreements upon completion of certain drug creation activities, with potential downstream milestone payments and royalties for all Active Programs. We have not negotiated terms for a sufficient number of royalty- and milestone-bearing licenses, however, to enable us to make accurate predictions regarding our potential revenue and financial performance.

Internal Pipeline

Our biologics pipeline reflects our differentiated capabilities in de novo antibody creation, multi-parameteric lead optimization, and reverse immunology. We’re developing a diversified portfolio of programs with a focus on cytokine biology as we scale our Integrated Drug Creation platform and strive to impact millions of lives.

Internal Asset Programs

As of March 31, 2024, we have identified three wholly-owned internal asset programs focusing on cytokine biology as well as several undisclosed internal pipeline programs under evaluation.


Program Name						Target Description
ABS-101						Candidate in IND-enabling studies targeting TL1A in inflammatory bowel disease
ABS-201						Lead and optimization stage for an undisclosed therapeutic target in dermatology
ABS-301						Lead and optimization stage for an undisclosed therapeutic target in immuno-oncology

We are aware of clinical stage assets targeting TL1A that are being developed by Merck, Roche and Sanofi. For purposes of comparing the anticipated attributes of ABS-101 to these competitive product candidates, we generated putative clinical competitor molecules and performed a head to head comparison against several potential ABS-101 molecules. In these preclinical studies, ABS-101 potential candidates exhibited properties consistent with a potentially superior product profile by demonstrating equal or superior potency data from multiple biophysical and cellular assays, in addition to improved developability properties. We believe these attributes support the program’s potential to create an efficacious candidate conducive to subcutaneous dosing. Furthermore, in vitro and preliminary in vivo PK studies confirm the potential for extended half-life, supporting the objective for significantly improved dosing intervals. While we are encouraged by these preclinical results, we cannot assure you that similar results will be obtained in clinical studies of ABS-101. Additionally, while we endeavored to create molecules with the same attributes as those of competitive product candidates under development, we cannot assure you that the molecules we created are similar or better than those being developed by our competitors, nor can we assure you that direct comparisons of our clinical product candidate to those of our competitors will produce similar results.

In February 2024, we initiated IND-enabling studies to further evaluate certain properties of ABS-101. Based on these IND-enabling studies, we expect to initiate Phase 1 clinical studies for ABS-101 in early 2025.

Our Active Programs, internal asset programs, and historical programs demonstrate our platform’s capabilities to successively address broad ranges of biologics and modalities.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

Our revenue currently consists primarily of fees earned from our partners in conjunction with drug creation partnership agreements utilizing our integrated drug creation platform, which are delineated as technology development revenue in our results of operations. These fees are earned and paid at various points throughout the terms of these agreements including upfront, upon the achievement of specified project-based milestones, and throughout the program.

We expect revenue to increase over time as we enter into additional drug creation partnership agreements. We expect revenue to increase over time as we grant licenses to our partners for the clinical and commercial use of intellectual property rights to the biological assets we create, and as the partners advance product

candidates into and through clinical development and commercialization. We expect that our revenue will fluctuate from period to period due to the timing of executing additional partnerships, the uncertainty of the timing of milestone achievements and our dependence on the program decisions of our partners.

Operating Expenses

Research and development

Research and development expenses include the cost of materials, personnel-related costs (comprised of salaries, benefits and share-based compensation) for personnel performing research and development functions, consulting fees, equipment and allocated facility costs (including occupancy and information technology). These expenses are exclusive of depreciation and amortization. Research and development activities consist of continued development of our Integrated Drug Creation platform, internal pipeline, and drug creation for partners. We derive improvements to our platform from each type of activity. Research and development efforts apply to our platform broadly and across programs.

We expect research and development expenses to increase in absolute dollars over the long term as we enter into additional drug creation partnerships, continue to invest in platform enhancements, and develop and advance our internal asset pipeline.

Selling, general, and administrative

Selling, general, and administrative expenses include personnel-related costs (comprised of salaries, benefits and share-based compensation) for executive, business development, alliance management, legal, finance, marketing and other administrative functions. Marketing and business development expenses include costs associated with attending conferences and all promotion efforts of our Integrated Drug Creation platform. Professional service expenses such as external legal expenses, accounting and tax service expenses, and other consultants, and allocated facilities costs (including occupancy and information technology) are also included within selling, general and administrative expenses. These expenses are exclusive of depreciation and amortization.

We expect our selling costs to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to grow our business development efforts and increase marketing activities to drive awareness and adoption of our platform. We expect general and administrative expenses to continue to stabilize as we more effectively control costs associated with operating as a public company, including expenses related to complying with legal, accounting and regulatory requirements, maintaining compliance with exchange listing and requirements of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), director and officer insurance premiums, and engaging in investor relations activities. We expect these expenses to vary from period to period as a percentage of revenue in the near term, and to decrease as a percentage of revenue in the long term.

We have a comprehensive intellectual property portfolio directed towards the many aspects of our Integrated Drug Creation platform, including those related to our proprietary cell lines and protein expression technologies, non-standard amino acid technology, proprietary screening assays, antibody discovery methods, and generative AI models. We regularly file patent applications to protect innovations arising from our research and development. We also hold trademarks and trademark applications in the United States and foreign jurisdictions. Costs to secure and defend our intellectual property are expensed as incurred and are classified as selling, general and administrative expenses.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense consists of the depreciation expense of our property and equipment and amortization of our intangibles. Our equipment is used most actively as part of our lab operations.

We expect depreciation expense to stabilize following the completion of the build-out of our primary facility, though it may fluctuate in the future in line with continued growth and compute demands in absolute dollars if we purchase additional equipment.

Other income (expense)

Interest expense

Interest expense, net, consists primarily of interest related to borrowings under our term debt and financed laboratory equipment.

Other income

Other income consists primarily of interest income from our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments.

Results of Operations

The results of operations presented below should be reviewed in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. The following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods presented (In thousands):


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
		2024		2023
Revenues
Technology development revenue		$	898	$	1,269

Total revenues		898		1,269
Operating expenses
Research and development		12,236		12,657
Selling, general and administrative		8,744		9,593
Depreciation and amortization		3,416		3,504

Total operating expenses		24,396		25,754
Operating loss		(23,498)		(24,485)
Other income (expense)
Interest expense		(176)		(321)
Other income, net		1,711		1,458
Total other income, net		1,535		1,137
Loss before income taxes		(21,963)		(23,348)
Income tax expense		(12)		(7)
Net loss		$	(21,975)	$	(23,355)

Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (In thousands, except for percentages):

Revenue



	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023		$ Change		% Change
Revenues
Technology development revenue	$	898	$	1,269	$	(371)	(29)	%

Total revenues	$	898	$	1,269	$	(371)	(29)	%

Technology development revenue decreased by $0.4 million, or 29%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, driven by a combination of overall program progress, the timing of project-based milestones achieved, and the mix of ongoing programs activity.

Operating expenses

The following table summarizes our operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (In thousands, except for percentages):



	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023		$ Change		% Change
Operating expenses
Research and development	$	12,236	$	12,657	$	(421)	(3)	%
Selling, general and administrative	8,744		9,593		(849)		(9)	%
Depreciation and amortization	3,416		3,504		(88)		(3)	%

Total operating expenses	$	24,396	$	25,754	$	(1,358)	(5)	%

Research and development

Research and development expenses decreased by $0.4 million, or 3%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in personnel costs of $0.8 million, decreased administrative costs of $0.1 million, offset by a $0.5 million increase in stock-based compensation.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general, and administrative expenses decreased by $0.8 million, or 9%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in personnel costs of $0.3 million, decreased insurance and other administrative costs of $1.1 million, offset by a $0.5 million increase in stock-based compensation.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense decreased by $0.1 million, or 3%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, remaining relatively consistent between periods.

Other income (expense)

The following table summarizes our other income (expense) for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (In thousands, except for percentages):



	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023		$ Change		% Change
Other income (expense)
Interest expense	$	(176)	$	(321)	$	145	(45)	%
Other income, net	1,711		1,458		253		17	%
Total other income, net	$	1,535	$	1,137	$	398	35	%

Interest expense

Interest expense was $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, representing a decrease of $0.1 million, or 45%, primarily attributable to decreased finance lease and long-term debt obligations.

Other income, net

Other income, net, was $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, representing an increase of approximately $0.3 million, or 17%, primarily attributable to increases in investment income from cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

As of March 31, 2024, we had $161.5 million of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments.

We have incurred net operating losses since inception. As of March 31, 2024, our accumulated deficit was $428.5 million. To date, we have funded operations through issuances and sales of equity securities and debt, in addition to revenue generated from our drug creation agreements. We believe that our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments will be sufficient to meet our operating expenses, working capital and capital expenditure needs over at least the next 12 months following the date of this filing.

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to our ability to raise additional capital through equity or debt financing, our ability to successfully secure additional partnerships under contract with new partners and increase the number of programs covered under contracts with existing partners, the successful preclinical and clinical development by our partners of product candidates generated using our Integrated Drug Creation platform, the successful commercialization by our partners of any such product candidates that are approved, and the development of our internal program assets including progress of any IND-enabling studies. If we are unable to execute on our business plan and adequately fund operations, or if our business plan requires a level of spending in excess of cash resources, we may be required to negotiate partnerships in which we receive greater near-term payments at the expense of potential downstream revenue. Alternatively, we may need to seek additional equity or debt financing, which may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interest of our stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of our common stockholders. Debt financing and preferred equity financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, selling or licensing our assets, making product acquisitions, making capital expenditures, or declaring dividends. If we are unable to generate sufficient revenue or raise additional capital when desired, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects would be adversely affected.

Sources of liquidity

Since our inception, we have financed our operations primarily from the issuance and sale of our redeemable convertible preferred stock, issuances of equity securities, borrowings under long-term debt agreements, and to a lesser extent, cash flow from operations.

Equipment financing

In 2022, we received a total of $12.0 million of proceeds from equipment financing arrangements. Terms of the agreements require monthly payments over 42-48 month periods with imputed interest rates ranging from 8%-10%. As of March 31, 2024, the combined outstanding balance on these agreements is $7.0 million.

Shelf registration statement on form S-3

On August 24, 2022, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (the Shelf Registration Statement) with the SEC relating to the registration of up to an aggregate of $250.0 million in shares of our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and units or any combination thereof. The Shelf Registration Statement was declared effective by the SEC on September 2, 2022.

On June 16, 2023, we entered into a Sales Agreement with Cowen and Company, LLC, as Sales Agent, with respect to an “at the market offering” program under which we may offer and sell, from time to time at our sole discretion, shares of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, having an aggregate offering price of up to $100.0 million through the Sales Agent. We will pay the Sales Agent a commission up to 3.0% of the gross sales proceeds of any shares sold under the Sales Agreement. To date, we have not issued any securities or received any proceeds from the sale of any securities registered pursuant to the Sales Agreement. There can be no assurance that any financing will be available on terms acceptable to us.

On March 1, 2024, we closed the sale of an aggregate of 19,205,000 shares of our common stock, pursuant to an underwriting agreement with Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Cowen and Company, LLC at a public offering price of $4.50 per share, before underwriting discounts and commissions. We received total net proceeds from the offering of $80.8 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by us.

Cash Flows

The following summarizes our cash flows (In thousands):



	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Net cash provided by (used in)
Operating activities	(17,863)		(20,119)
Investing activities	(76,681)		(27,301)
Financing activities	81,184		(1,104)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	(13,360)	$	(48,524)

Cash flows from operating activities

In the three months ended March 31, 2024, net cash used in operating activities was $17.9 million and consisted primarily of a net loss of $22.0 million adjusted for non-cash items, including depreciation and amortization expense of $3.4 million, stock-based compensation of $3.6 million, and a net increase in operating assets and liabilities in the amount of $2.2 million.

In the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash used in operating activities was $20.1 million and consisted primarily of a net loss of $23.4 million adjusted for non-cash items, including depreciation and amortization expense of $3.5 million, stock-based compensation of $2.7 million, and a net increase in operating assets and liabilities in the amount of $1.7 million.

Cash flows from investing activities

In the three months ended March 31, 2024, net cash used in investing activities was $76.7 million primarily from purchases of short-term investments of $97.3 million, partially offset by cash provided by maturities of short-term investments of $20.5 million.

In the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash used in investing activities was $27.3 million primarily from purchases of short-term investments of $69.1 million, partially offset by cash provided by maturities of short-term investments of $42.0 million.

Cash flows from financing activities

In the three months ended March 31, 2024, net cash provided by financing activities was $81.2 million. The net cash provided resulted primarily from proceeds of $80.8 million from the issuance of common stock from a public offering and proceeds of $1.6 million from the issuance of common stock from stock option exercises and our 2021 ESPP, partially offset by principal payments of $1.3 million made for financed equipment.

In the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash used in financing activities was $1.1 million primarily from cash used for principal payments of $1.3 million made for financed equipment and long-term debt, partially offset by proceeds of $0.2 million from the issuance of common stock from option exercises and our 2021 ESPP.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (US GAAP). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported expenses incurred during

the reporting periods. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

This report should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K where we include additional information on our business, operating segments, risk factors, critical accounting estimates, policies, and the methods and assumptions used in our estimates, among other important information.

There were no material changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Emerging Growth Company Status

We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company may take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933 for complying with new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that we can elect to opt out of the extended transition period at any time, which election is irrevocable. We have elected to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date we (i) are no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.

Subject to certain conditions, as an emerging growth company, we may rely on certain other exemptions and reduced reporting requirements, including without limitation (i) providing an auditor’s attestation report on our system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and (ii) complying with any requirement by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the consolidated financial statements, known as the auditor discussion and analysis. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (a) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of $1.235 billion or more; (b) December 31, 2026, the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the completion of our IPO; (c) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in nonconvertible debt during the previous three years; or (d) the date on which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer under the rules of the SEC.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk

There have been no material changes in our reported market risks or risk management policies since the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on March 21, 2024.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

Our “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on its evaluation, management concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Part II. Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are not currently a party to any material litigation or other legal proceedings. From time to time, we may, however, in the ordinary course of business face various claims brought by third parties, and we may, from time to time, make claims or take legal actions to assert our rights. Any such claims and associated legal proceedings could, in the opinion of our management, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects. Regardless of outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Factors that could cause or contribute to differences in our future financial and operating results include those discussed in the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on March 21, 2024. The risks described in our Annual Report and this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are not the only risks that we face. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we do not currently consider significant may also have an adverse effect on the Company. If any of the risks actually occur, our business, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition could suffer.

There have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on March 21, 2024.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

None.

Use of proceeds

None.

Issuer purchases of equity securities

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, none of the Company’s directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) adopted, modified or terminated a plan or other arrangement intended to

satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements under the Exchange Act.

Item 6. Exhibits


Exhibit No.						Description
3.1						Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Absci Corporation (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 8-K, File No. 001-40646, filed by Absci Corporation on June 16, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference).
3.2						Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Absci Corporation (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 8-K, File No. 001-40646, filed by Absci Corporation on December 15, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference).
4.1						Investors’ Rights Agreement by and among the Registrant and certain of its stockholders dated October 19, 2020 (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Form S-1, File No. 333-257553, filed by Absci Corporation on June 30, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.1*#						Amended and Restated Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy .
10.2#						2023 Inducement Plan and forms of award agreements thereunder (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed by Absci Corporation on March 21, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference).
31.1*						Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1+						Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2+						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS*						XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104*						Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Filed herewith.

# Represents management compensation plan, contract or arrangement.

+ The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 and Exhibit 32.2 that accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are not deemed filed with the SEC and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Registrant under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Form 10-Q, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	ABSCI CORPORATION

Date: May 14, 2024	By:	/s/ Zachariah Jonasson
		Zachariah Jonasson, Ph.D.
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) and Chief Business Officer

Date: May 14, 2024	By:	/s/ Todd Bedrick
		Todd Bedrick
		Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)

Exhibit 10.1

ABSCI CORPORATION

NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTOR COMPENSATION POLICY

The purpose of this Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy (as amended, restated or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Policy”) of Absci Corporation (the “Company”) is to provide a total compensation package that enables the Company to attract and retain, on a long-term basis, high-caliber directors who are not employees or officers of the Company or its subsidiaries (“Outside Directors”). This Policy became effective as of the effective time of the registration statement for the Company’s initial public offering of its equity securities, and thereafter any amendments, restatements or other modifications hereto will become effective as of the date specified by the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Effective Date”). In furtherance of the purpose stated above, all Outside Directors shall be paid compensation for services provided to the Company as set forth below:

Cash Retainers

Annual Retainer for Board Membership: $40,000 for general availability and participation in meetings and conference calls of the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board of Directors”), to be paid quarterly in arrears, pro-rated based on the number of actual days served by the director during such calendar quarter. No additional compensation will be paid for attending individual meetings of the Board of Directors.

Additional Annual Retainer for

Non-Executive Chairperson / Lead Independent Director: $35,000

Additional Annual Retainers for Committee Membership:

Audit Committee Chairperson: $20,000

Audit Committee member: $10,000

Compensation Committee Chairperson: $15,000

Compensation Committee member: $7,500

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Chairperson: $10,000

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee member: $5,000

Chairperson and committee member retainers are in addition to retainers for members of the Board of Directors. No additional compensation will be paid for attending individual committee meetings of the Board of Directors.

Equity Retainers

Initial Award: An initial, one-time stock option award (the “Initial Award”) with a Value (as defined below) equal to $350,000 will be granted to each new Outside Director upon his or her

Exhibit 10.1

election to the Board of Directors, which shall vest in equal monthly installments over three years from the date of grant, provided, however, that all vesting shall cease if the director resigns from the Board of Directors or otherwise ceases to serve as a director, unless the Board of Directors determines that the circumstances warrant continuation of vesting. The Initial Award shall expire ten years from the date of grant and shall have a per share exercise price equal to the Fair Market Value (as defined in the Company’s 2021 Stock Option and Incentive Plan) of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. This Initial Award applies only to Outside Directors who are first elected to the Board of Directors subsequent to the Effective Date.

Annual Award: On each date of each Annual Meeting of Stockholders of the Company following the Effective Date (the “Annual Meeting”), each continuing Outside Director, other than a director receiving an Initial Award, will be granted, automatically and without the need for any further action by the Board, an award with a Value equal to $175,000 (the “Annual Award”), with 75% of the Value of the Annual Award to be issued in the form of a stock option (the “Annual Stock Option Award”) and 25% of the Value of the Annual Award to be issued in the form of restricted stock units. The Annual Award shall vest in full upon the earlier of (i) the first anniversary of the date of grant or (ii) the date of the next Annual Meeting; provided, however, that all vesting shall cease if the director resigns from the Board of Directors or otherwise ceases to serve as a director, unless the Board of Directors determines that the circumstances warrant continuation of vesting; provided, further, that if an individual commenced service as an Outside Director within the twelve (12) months immediately preceding such Annual Meeting, then the Annual Award granted to such Outside Director will be prorated based on the number of whole months that the individual served as an Outside Director prior to the Annual Award’s grant date during the twelve (12) month period immediately preceding such Annual Meeting (with any resulting fractional share rounded down to the nearest whole share). The Annual Stock Option Award shall expire ten years from the date of grant and shall have a per share exercise price equal to the Fair Market Value (as defined in the Company’s 2021 Stock Option and Incentive Plan) of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.

Sale Event Acceleration: All outstanding Initial Awards and Annual Awards held by an Outside Director shall become fully vested and exercisable upon a Sale Event (as defined in the Company’s 2021 Stock Option and Incentive Plan).

For purposes of this Policy, “Value” means with respect to (i) any award of stock options, the grant date fair value of the option (i.e., Black-Scholes Value) determined in accordance with the reasonable assumptions and methodologies employed by the Company for calculating the fair value of options under ASC Topic 718; and (ii) any award of restricted stock and restricted stock units, the product of (A) the closing market price on the NASDAQ Global Select Market (or such other market on which the Company’s common stock is then principally listed) of a share of the Company’s common stock on the effective date of grant and (B) the aggregate number of shares pursuant to such award.

Expenses

The Company will reimburse all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by non-employee directors in attending meetings of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof.

Exhibit 10.1

Maximum Annual Compensation

The aggregate amount of compensation, including both equity compensation and cash compensation, paid by the Company to any Outside Director for service as an Outside Director in a calendar year for services as an Outside Director period shall not exceed $1,000,000; provided, however, that such amount shall be $1,250,000 for the calendar year in which the applicable Outside Director is initially elected or appointed to the Board of Directors; (or such other limits as may be set forth in Section 3(b) of the Company’s 2021 Stock Option and Incentive Plan or any similar provision of a successor plan). For this purpose, the “amount” of equity compensation paid in a calendar year shall be determined based on the grant date fair value thereof, as determined in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718 or its successor provision, but excluding the impact of estimated forfeitures related to service-based vesting conditions.

Adopted July 16, 2021.

Effective July 21, 2021.

Amendments Effective May 4, 2023

Amendments Effective March 28, 2024

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Sean McClain, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Absci Corporation;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.


Date: May 14, 2024	By:	/s/ Sean McClain
		Sean McClain
		Founder and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Zachariah Jonasson, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Absci Corporation;

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.


Date: May 14, 2024	By:	/s/ Zachariah Jonasson
		Zachariah Jonasson
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Absci Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending March 31, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


Date: May 14, 2024	By:	/s/ Sean McClain
		Sean McClain
		Founder and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


Date: May 14, 2024	By:	/s/ Zachariah Jonasson
		Zachariah Jonasson
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

Cover - shares	3 Months Ended
Cover - shares	Mar. 31, 2024	Apr. 30, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2024
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-40646
Entity Registrant Name	ABSCI CORP
Entity Incorporation, State	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	85-3383487
Entity Address, Street	18105 SE Mill Plain Blvd
Entity Address, City	Vancouver
Entity Address, State	WA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	98683
City Area Code	360
Local Phone Number	949-1041
Title of each class	Common Stock. $0.0001 par value
Trading Symbol(s)	ABSI
Name of each exchange on which registered	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		113,083,669
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Entity Central Index Key	0001672688

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 58,831	$ 72,362
Restricted cash	16,350	16,193
Short-term investments	102,712	25,297
Receivables under development arrangements, net	42	2,189
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,863	4,537
Total current assets	181,798	120,578
Operating lease right-of-use assets	4,275	4,490
Property and equipment, net	38,755	41,328
Intangibles, net	47,411	48,253
Restricted cash, long-term	1,126	1,112
Other long-term assets	1,533	1,537
TOTAL ASSETS	274,898	217,298
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	1,653	1,503
Accrued expenses	15,398	19,303
Long-term debt	3,301	3,258
Operating lease obligations	1,586	1,679
Financing lease obligations	287	641
Deferred revenue	3,063	3,174
Total current liabilities	25,288	29,558
Long-term debt, net of current portion	3,745	4,660
Operating lease obligations, net of current portion	5,296	5,643
Finance lease obligations, net of current portion	29	76
Deferred tax liability, net	175	186
Deferred revenue, long-term	180	966
Other long-term liabilities	78	33
TOTAL LIABILITIES	34,791	41,122
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding	0	0
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 112,998,922 and 93,087,675 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	11	9
Additional paid-in capital	668,698	582,699
Accumulated deficit	(428,470)	(406,495)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(132)	(37)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	240,107	176,176
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$ 274,898	$ 217,298

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares, issued (in shares)	112,998,922	93,087,675
Common stock, shares, outstanding (in shares)	112,998,922	93,087,675

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Revenues
Technology development revenue	$ 898	$ 1,269
Total revenues	898	1,269
Operating expenses
Research and development	12,236	12,657
Selling, general and administrative	8,744	9,593
Depreciation and amortization	3,416	3,504
Total operating expenses	24,396	25,754
Operating loss	(23,498)	(24,485)
Other income (expense)
Interest expense	(176)	(321)
Other income, net	1,711	1,458
Total other income, net	1,535	1,137
Loss before income taxes	(21,963)	(23,348)
Income tax expense	(12)	(7)
Net loss	$ (21,975)	$ (23,355)
Net loss per share: basic (in usd per share)	$ (0.22)	$ (0.26)
Net loss per share: diluted (in usd per share)	$ (0.22)	$ (0.26)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding: basic (in shares)	99,393,333	91,479,452
Weighted-average common shares outstanding: diluted (in shares)	99,393,333	91,479,452
Comprehensive loss:
Net loss	$ (21,975)	$ (23,355)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(47)	(14)
Unrealized (loss) gain on investments	(48)	39
Comprehensive loss	$ (22,070)	$ (23,330)
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Product and Service [Extensible Enumeration]	License and Service [Member]	License and Service [Member]

UNAUDITED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 274,414	$ 9	$ 570,454	$ (295,929)	$ (120)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		92,411,103
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Issuance of shares under stock plans, net of shares withheld for tax payments	229		229
Issuance of shares under stock plans, net of shares withheld for tax payments (in shares)		171,899
Stock-based compensation	2,652		2,652
Forfeiture of common stock (in shares)		(101,030)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(14)				(14)
Unrealized gain on investments	39				39
Net loss	(23,355)			(23,355)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023	253,965	$ 9	573,335	(319,284)	(95)
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		92,481,972
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 176,176	$ 9	582,699	(406,495)	(37)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	93,087,675	93,087,675
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Issuance of common shares, net of issuance costs of $411	$ 80,827	$ 2	80,825
Issuance of common shares, net of issuance costs (in shares)		19,205,000
Issuance of shares under stock plans, net of shares withheld for tax payments	1,630		1,630
Issuance of shares under stock plans, net of shares withheld for tax payments (in shares)		706,247
Stock-based compensation	3,544		3,544
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(47)				(47)
Unrealized gain on investments	(48)				(48)
Net loss	(21,975)			(21,975)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 240,107	$ 11	$ 668,698	$ (428,470)	$ (132)
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024	112,998,922	112,998,922

UNAUDITED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Parenthetical) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Stock issuance cost	$ 411

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Net loss	$ (21,975)	$ (23,355)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	3,416	3,504
Deferred income taxes	(11)	(14)
Stock-based compensation	3,590	2,652
Accretion of discount on short-term investments	(631)	(832)
Other	(45)	(338)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables under development arrangements	2,147	247
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	520	1,153
Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities	(225)	(201)
Other long-term assets	4	60
Accounts payable	150	(482)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(3,905)	(2,427)
Deferred revenue	(898)	(86)
Net cash used in operating activities	(17,863)	(20,119)
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Purchases of property and equipment	0	(280)
Investment in short-term investments	(97,330)	(69,073)
Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments	20,500	42,000
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment	149	52
Net cash used in investing activities	(76,681)	(27,301)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Principal payments on long-term debt	(872)	(662)
Principal payments on finance lease obligations	(401)	(671)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs	82,457	229
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	81,184	(1,104)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(13,360)	(48,524)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - Beginning of year	89,667	76,842
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash - End of period	76,307	28,318
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities
Property and equipment purchases included in accounts payable	$ 0	$ 126

Organization and nature of operations	3 Months Ended
Organization and nature of operations	Mar. 31, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Organization and nature of operations	Organization and nature of operations Absci Corporation (the “Company”) is a data-first generative AI drug creation company that combines AI with scalable wet lab technologies to create better biologics for patients, faster. Absci leverages its integrated drug creation platform (the “Integrated Drug Creation Platform”) to improve upon traditional biologic drug discovery by using AI to simultaneously optimize multiple drug characteristics important to development and therapeutic benefit. The Company was organized in the State of Oregon in August 2011 as a limited liability company and converted to a limited liability company (“LLC”) in Delaware in April 2016. In October 2020, the Company converted from a Delaware LLC to a Delaware corporation. The Company’s headquarters are located in Vancouver, Washington. Unaudited interim financial information The Company prepared its interim condensed consolidated financial statements that accompany these notes in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (US GAAP), consistent in all material respects with those applied in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company has made estimates and judgments affecting the amounts reported in its condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. The actual results that the Company experiences may differ materially from its estimates. The interim financial information is unaudited and reflects all normal adjustments that are, in the Company’s opinion, necessary to provide a fair statement of results for the interim periods presented. This report should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 where the Company includes additional information about its critical accounting estimates.

Revenue recognition	3 Months Ended
Revenue recognition	Mar. 31, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue recognition	Revenue recognition Contract balances Contract liabilities are recorded in deferred revenue when cash payments are received or due in advance of the satisfaction of performance obligations. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, contract liabilities were $3.2 million and $4.1 million, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $0.9 million and $0.1 million, respectively, as revenue that had been included in deferred revenue at the beginning of the period. Concentration Risk During the three months ended March 31, 2024, two partners represented approximately 99% of total revenue under technology development arrangements. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, one partner represented approximately 93% of total revenue under technology development arrangements.

Investments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Investments

The amortized cost and fair value of investments are as follows (in thousands):



	March 31, 2024
	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair market value
Assets
Money market funds	$	1,513	$	—	$	—	$	1,513

U.S. treasuries	114,679		—		(46)		114,633
Total	$	116,192	$	—	$	(46)	$	116,146
Classified as:
Cash equivalents							$	13,434
Short-term investments							102,712

Total							$	116,146



	December 31, 2023
	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair market value
Assets
Money market funds	$	1,158	$	—	$	—	$	1,158

U.S. treasuries	39,332		2		—		39,334
Total	$	40,490	$	2	$	—	$	40,492
Classified as:
Cash equivalents							$	15,195
Short-term investments							25,297

Total							$	40,492

The Company holds a non-marketable equity investment with a carrying value of $1.2 million which is classified as other long-term assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Stock-based compensation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-based compensation



	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
		2024		2023
Research and development		$	1,654	$	1,193
Selling, general and administrative		1,943		1,473
Total stock-based compensation expense		$	3,597	$	2,666

Stock options


	Number of Options	Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands $)
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	17,104,505	$	3.03	8.3	$	30,661
Granted	3,970,309	4.38
Exercised	(542,741)	2.68			1,233
Canceled/Forfeited	(225,111)	2.59
Expired	(40,087)	5.11
Outstanding at March 31, 2024	20,266,875	3.31		8.5	$	55,369
Exercisable at March 31, 2024	5,926,599	$	3.66	7.1	$	16,497

Determination of fair value

The estimated grant-date fair value of all the Company’s stock options was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, based on the following assumptions:



	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
		2024	2023
Expected term (in years)		5.5-6.1	5.3-6.1
Volatility		81%-82%	79%-80%
Risk-free interest rate		3.8%-4.1%	3.4%-4.2%
Dividend Yield		—%	—%

Restricted stock


			Number of shares
Unvested as of December 31, 2023			374,208


Vested			(105,336)
Unvested as of March 31, 2024			268,872


	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested as of December 31, 2023	2,198,334	$	1.42
Granted	2,426,855	3.62
Vested	(14,326)	2.21
Forfeitures	(61,908)	1.56
Unvested as of March 31, 2024	4,548,955	$	2.59

Restricted Stock Unit Award with Market Conditions

Stock appreciation rights

million based on the Company’s closing stock price of $5.68 per share as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on such date.

Fair value measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair value measurements

Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets.

Level 2: Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

When quoted market prices are available in active markets, the fair value of assets and liabilities is estimated within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy.

The following tables summarize the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):



	March 31, 2024
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Debt Securities:
Money market funds	$	1,513	$	—	$	—	$	1,513

U.S. treasuries	7,715		106,918		—		114,633


Total assets	$	9,228	$	106,918	$	—	$	116,146
Liabilities:



Contingent consideration	$	—	$	—	$	12,750	$	12,750
Total liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	12,750	$	12,750



	December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Debt Securities:
Money market funds	$	1,158	$	—	$	—	$	1,158

U.S. treasuries	15,929		23,405		—		39,334


Total assets	$	17,087	$	23,405	$	—	$	40,492
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	$	—	$	—	$	12,750	$	12,750
Total liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	12,750	$	12,750

The Company reviews trading activity and pricing for its available-for-sale securities as of the measurement date.

The carrying amount of long-term debt approximates fair value.

Net loss per share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net loss per share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period.

The following table sets forth the computation of the Company’s basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):



	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
		2024		2023
Numerator:



Net loss		$	(21,975)	$	(23,355)

Denominator:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		99,393,333		91,479,452

Net loss per share, basic and diluted		$	(0.22)	$	(0.26)



	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
		2024	2023

Stock options		19,326,573	13,770,552
Restricted stock units		2,975,663	34,546
Unvested restricted stock		311,133	876,859
Employee stock purchase plan		102,381	104,576

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net loss	$ (21,975)	$ (23,355)

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
Insider Trading Arrangements	Mar. 31, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

Investments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Schedule of Amortized and Fair Value of our Investments

The amortized cost and fair value of investments are as follows (in thousands):



	March 31, 2024
	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair market value
Assets
Money market funds	$	1,513	$	—	$	—	$	1,513

U.S. treasuries	114,679		—		(46)		114,633
Total	$	116,192	$	—	$	(46)	$	116,146
Classified as:
Cash equivalents							$	13,434
Short-term investments							102,712

Total							$	116,146



	December 31, 2023
	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair market value
Assets
Money market funds	$	1,158	$	—	$	—	$	1,158

U.S. treasuries	39,332		2		—		39,334
Total	$	40,490	$	2	$	—	$	40,492
Classified as:
Cash equivalents							$	15,195
Short-term investments							25,297

Total							$	40,492

Stock-based compensation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Allocation of Share-based Compensation



	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
		2024		2023
Research and development		$	1,654	$	1,193
Selling, general and administrative		1,943		1,473
Total stock-based compensation expense		$	3,597	$	2,666

Schedule of Stock Option Activity

Activity for stock options is shown below:


	Number of Options	Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands $)
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	17,104,505	$	3.03	8.3	$	30,661
Granted	3,970,309	4.38
Exercised	(542,741)	2.68			1,233
Canceled/Forfeited	(225,111)	2.59
Expired	(40,087)	5.11
Outstanding at March 31, 2024	20,266,875	3.31		8.5	$	55,369
Exercisable at March 31, 2024	5,926,599	$	3.66	7.1	$	16,497

Schedule of Determination of Fair Value

The estimated grant-date fair value of all the Company’s stock options was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, based on the following assumptions:



	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
		2024	2023
Expected term (in years)		5.5-6.1	5.3-6.1
Volatility		81%-82%	79%-80%
Risk-free interest rate		3.8%-4.1%	3.4%-4.2%
Dividend Yield		—%	—%

Schedule of Non-vested Share Activity

Activity for restricted shares is shown below:


			Number of shares
Unvested as of December 31, 2023			374,208


Vested			(105,336)
Unvested as of March 31, 2024			268,872

Activity for restricted stock units is shown below:


	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested as of December 31, 2023	2,198,334	$	1.42
Granted	2,426,855	3.62
Vested	(14,326)	2.21
Forfeitures	(61,908)	1.56
Unvested as of March 31, 2024	4,548,955	$	2.59

Fair value measurements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis

The following tables summarize the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):



	March 31, 2024
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Debt Securities:
Money market funds	$	1,513	$	—	$	—	$	1,513

U.S. treasuries	7,715		106,918		—		114,633


Total assets	$	9,228	$	106,918	$	—	$	116,146
Liabilities:



Contingent consideration	$	—	$	—	$	12,750	$	12,750
Total liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	12,750	$	12,750



	December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Debt Securities:
Money market funds	$	1,158	$	—	$	—	$	1,158

U.S. treasuries	15,929		23,405		—		39,334


Total assets	$	17,087	$	23,405	$	—	$	40,492
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	$	—	$	—	$	12,750	$	12,750
Total liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	12,750	$	12,750

Net loss per share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Company’s Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

The following table sets forth the computation of the Company’s basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):



	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
		2024		2023
Numerator:



Net loss		$	(21,975)	$	(23,355)

Denominator:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		99,393,333		91,479,452

Net loss per share, basic and diluted		$	(0.22)	$	(0.26)

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share



	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
		2024	2023

Stock options		19,326,573	13,770,552
Restricted stock units		2,975,663	34,546
Unvested restricted stock		311,133	876,859
Employee stock purchase plan		102,381	104,576

Revenue recognition (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
Revenue recognition (Details) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) partner	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) partner	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative
Contract liabilities	$ 3.2		$ 4.1
Revenue recognized from customer contract liability	$ 0.9	$ 0.1
Technology development revenue \| Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark \| Customer Concentration Risk
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative
Number of partners (partner) \| partner	2	1
Concentration risk (as a percent)	99.00%	93.00%

Investments - Amortized and Fair Value of our Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Assets
Amortized cost	$ 116,192	$ 40,490
Gross unrealized gains	0	2
Gross unrealized losses	(46)	0
Fair market value	116,146	40,492
Cash equivalents
Assets
Fair market value	13,434	15,195
Short-term investments
Assets
Fair market value	102,712	25,297
Money market funds
Assets
Amortized cost	1,513	1,158
Gross unrealized gains	0	0
Gross unrealized losses	0	0
Fair market value	1,513	1,158
U.S. treasuries
Assets
Amortized cost	114,679	39,332
Gross unrealized gains	0	2
Gross unrealized losses	(46)	0
Fair market value	$ 114,633	$ 39,334

Investments - Narratives (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
Investments - Narratives (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Proceeds from maturities of debt securities	$ 34.6	$ 42.0
Non-marketable equity investment	$ 1.2

Stock-based compensation - Narratives (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions		1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award
Issuance price (in usd per share)		$ 5.68	$ 5.68
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, outstanding, number (in shares)		20,266,875	20,266,875		17,104,505
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in usd per share)		$ 3.31	$ 3.31		$ 3.03
2021 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award
Additional shares authorized for issuance (in shares)	4,654,384
Shares available for grant (in shares)		3,667,088	3,667,088
2023 Inducement Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award
Shares available for employee (in shares)		2,500,000	2,500,000
Stock options \| 2020 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award
Weighted average grant date fair value of shares granted (in usd per share)			$ 3.15	$ 1.46
Share based compensation expense not yet recognized, options		$ 29.6	$ 29.6
Share based compensation expense not yet recognized, recognition period (in years)			2 years 7 months 6 days
Stock options \| 2020 Plan \| Tranche One
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award
Vesting percentage (as a percent)			25.00%
Stock options \| 2020 Plan \| Tranche Two
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award
Vesting percentage (as a percent)			25.00%
Stock options \| 2020 Plan \| Tranche Three
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award
Vesting percentage (as a percent)			25.00%
Stock options \| 2020 Plan \| Tranche Four
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award
Vesting percentage (as a percent)			25.00%
Unvested restricted stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award
Shares outstanding (in shares)		268,872	268,872		374,208
Unvested restricted stock \| 2020 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award
Share based compensation expense not yet recognized, recognition period (in years)			10 months 24 days
Share based compensation expense not yet recognized other than options		$ 0.6	$ 0.6
Restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award
Weighted average grant date fair value of shares granted (in usd per share)			$ 3.62
Share based compensation expense not yet recognized, recognition period (in years)			2 years
Share based compensation expense not yet recognized other than options		$ 11.7	$ 11.7
Fair value of vested options			$ 0.0
Granted (in shares)			2,426,855
Shares outstanding (in shares)		4,548,955	4,548,955		2,198,334
Restricted stock units \| Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award
Vesting period (in years)			1 year
Restricted stock units \| Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award
Vesting period (in years)			4 years
Restricted Stock Award with Market Conditions
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award
Share based compensation expense not yet recognized, recognition period (in years)			1 year 3 months 18 days
Granted (in shares)		1,500,000
Grant-date fair value			$ 5.5
Volatility rate		97.00%
Risk-free interest rate		4.50%
SARs \| 2020 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award
Shares outstanding (in shares)		394,736	394,736
Intrinsic value, shares outstanding		$ 2.2	$ 2.2
SARs \| 2020 And 2021 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, outstanding, number (in shares)		197,150	197,150
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in usd per share)		$ 4.65	$ 4.65
Deferred compensation expense		$ 0.1	$ 0.1

Stock-based compensation - Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 3,597	$ 2,666
Research and development
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed
Total stock-based compensation expense	1,654	1,193
Selling, general and administrative
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 1,943	$ 1,473

Stock-based compensation - Stock Option Rollforward (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Number of Options
Beginning balance (in shares)	17,104,505
Granted (in shares)	3,970,309
Exercised (in shares)	(542,741)
Canceled/Forfeited (in shares)	(225,111)
Expired (in shares)	(40,087)
Ending balance (in shares)	20,266,875	17,104,505
Exercisable (in shares)	5,926,599
Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share
Beginning balance (in usd per share)	$ 3.03
Granted (in usd per share)	4.38
Exercised (in usd per share)	2.68
Canceled/Forfeited (in usd per share)	2.59
Expired (in usd per share)	5.11
Ending balance (in usd per share)	3.31	$ 3.03
Exercisable, weighted average price (in usd per share)	$ 3.66
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)	8 years 6 months	8 years 3 months 18 days
Exercisable, weighted average remaining contractual term (in years)	7 years 1 month 6 days
Intrinsic value, shares outstanding	$ 55,369	$ 30,661
Intrinsic value, exercised	1,233
Exercisable, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 16,497

Stock-based compensation - Determination of Fair Value (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Fair Value Assumptions and Methodology
Risk-free interest rate, minimum (as a percent)	3.80%	3.40%
Risk-free interest rate, maximum (as a percent)	4.10%	4.20%
Dividend Yield (as a percent)	0.00%	0.00%
Minimum
Fair Value Assumptions and Methodology
Expected term (in years)	5 years 6 months	5 years 3 months 18 days
Volatility (as a percent)	81.00%	79.00%
Maximum
Fair Value Assumptions and Methodology
Expected term (in years)	6 years 1 month 6 days	6 years 1 month 6 days
Volatility (as a percent)	82.00%	80.00%

Stock-based compensation - Unvested Rollforward (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Restricted Stock
Nonvested, Number of Shares
Beginning balance, unvested (in shares)	374,208
Vested (in shares)	(105,336)
Ending balance, unvested (in shares)	268,872
Restricted stock units
Nonvested, Number of Shares
Beginning balance, unvested (in shares)	2,198,334
Granted (in shares)	2,426,855
Vested (in shares)	(14,326)
Forfeitures (in shares)	(61,908)
Ending balance, unvested (in shares)	4,548,955
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Beginning balance unvested (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 1.42
Granted (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	3.62
Vested (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	2.21
Forfeitures (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	1.56
Ending balance unvested (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 2.59

Fair value measurements - Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Assets:
Debt Securities:	$ 116,146	$ 40,492
Money market funds
Assets:
Debt Securities:	1,513	1,158
U.S. treasuries
Assets:
Debt Securities:	114,633	39,334
Fair Value, Recurring
Assets:
Total assets	116,146	40,492
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	12,750	12,750
Total liabilities	12,750	12,750
Fair Value, Recurring \| Money market funds
Assets:
Debt Securities:	1,513	1,158
Fair Value, Recurring \| U.S. treasuries
Assets:
Debt Securities:	114,633	39,334
Level 1 \| Fair Value, Recurring
Assets:
Total assets	9,228	17,087
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	0	0
Total liabilities	0	0
Level 1 \| Fair Value, Recurring \| Money market funds
Assets:
Debt Securities:	1,513	1,158
Level 1 \| Fair Value, Recurring \| U.S. treasuries
Assets:
Debt Securities:	7,715	15,929
Level 2 \| Fair Value, Recurring
Assets:
Total assets	106,918	23,405
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	0	0
Total liabilities	0	0
Level 2 \| Fair Value, Recurring \| Money market funds
Assets:
Debt Securities:	0	0
Level 2 \| Fair Value, Recurring \| U.S. treasuries
Assets:
Debt Securities:	106,918	23,405
Level 3 \| Fair Value, Recurring
Assets:
Total assets	0	0
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	12,750	12,750
Total liabilities	12,750	12,750
Level 3 \| Fair Value, Recurring \| Money market funds
Assets:
Debt Securities:	0	0
Level 3 \| Fair Value, Recurring \| U.S. treasuries
Assets:
Debt Securities:	$ 0	$ 0

Fair value measurements - Narratives (Details) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Escrow deposit	$ 15.0

Net loss per share - Company’s Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Numerator:
Net loss, basic	$ (21,975)	$ (23,355)
Net loss, diluted	$ (21,975)	$ (23,355)
Denominator:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic (in shares)	99,393,333	91,479,452
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, diluted (in shares)	99,393,333	91,479,452
Net loss per share, basic (in usd per share)	$ (0.22)	$ (0.26)
Net loss per share, diluted (in usd per share)	$ (0.22)	$ (0.26)

Net loss per share - Anti-dilutive Securities (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share, amount (in shares)	19,326,573	13,770,552
Restricted stock units
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share, amount (in shares)	2,975,663	34,546
Unvested restricted stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share, amount (in shares)	311,133	876,859
Employee stock purchase plan
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share, amount (in shares)	102,381	104,576