ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our results of operations and financial condition should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q.
Forward-Looking Information
This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including statements that involve expectations, plans or intentions (such as those relating to future business, future results of operations or financial condition, new or planned features or services, or management strategies). You can identify these forward-looking statements by words such as “may,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “potential,” “project,” “predict,” “future,” “target,” “seek,” “continue” and other similar expressions. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, and may include assumptions as to how we may perform in the future, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, results of operations and global economic conditions. Although we believe the expectations reflected in our forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee these expectations will actually be achieved. In addition, some forward-looking statements are based upon assumptions about future events that may not prove to be accurate. Therefore, our actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, among others, those discussed in “Part I, Item 1A: Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 as supplemented by our Form 10-K/A filed on April 29, 2020 (the “Annual Report”), as well as in our consolidated financial statements, related notes, and the other information appearing elsewhere in the Annual Report and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, including any quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. We do not intend, and undertake no obligation, to update any of our forward-looking statements after the date of this report to reflect actual results or future events or circumstances. There may be additional risks we do not currently view as material or that are not presently known or that are beyond our ability to control or predict. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.
Key Events and Trends
COVID-19
We continue to closely monitor the impact of the 2019 novel coronavirus, or COVID-19, pandemic on all aspects of our business. Our focus has been, and continues to be, on protecting our employees, while continuing to serve our clients. While the COVID-19 pandemic has not had a material adverse impact on our results of operations to date, the future impacts of the pandemic and any resulting economic impact are largely unknown and rapidly evolving.
Beginning in late March 2020 and continuing through the second quarter of 2020, we experienced an increase in demand from certain clients for our services in our PFS Operations segment, as more consumers around the world practiced social distancing, complied with stay-at-home restrictions and many retail stores were closed. This generated increased volume of online ordering. This trend has continued into the third quarter of 2020 but at a reduced rate from the first half of 2020. However, going forward there could be significant volatility in customer demand and buying habits as the pandemic continues and the resulting adverse economic impacts continue or deepen. We have begun experiencing labor rate increases in certain of our markets for fulfillment activities. We believe this will continue and that this could impact our overall fulfillment related costs and staffing.
Both our LiveArea and PFS Operations business segments are engaged in the support of our clients’ direct to consumer online business activity. Due to continuing restrictions on traditional brick and mortar activities, many businesses, including many of our clients, are migrating an incremental amount of their investments and business volumes to their online channel, including both website development and marketing activity as well as the physical movement of product. We believe this has resulted in, and is currently expected to continue to provide us with strong demand for our service offerings. As the restrictions on brick and mortar activities are lifted, this may lead to reduced demand for the services of LiveArea and PFS Operations as customers return to stores. Despite the unpredictability of volumes brought on by COVID-19, the contracts that had been secured during the pandemic with new clients and amended contracts with existing clients were entered into with the intention to support volumes post-COVID that are the same or higher than those pre-COVID. As a result of the increased volumes that are currently occurring and those potentially expected, we have secured additional warehouse space and headcount to meet the current and expected future volumes for the PFS Operations business.
We are incurring additional costs related to the enhanced cleaning regimen implemented in our facilities and purchasing personal protective equipment ("PPE") we are providing to our employees. As of June 30, 2020, these costs have not been material and we do not anticipate them being material through 2020. Beginning in April 2020, we began to receive requests from a limited number of our clients to assist them with extended payment terms and/or pricing adjustments for a short time period. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, this has not resulted in a material impact to cash flows. We have also begun to see delays in
certain limited projects and requests from certain clients to reduce current staffing on our time and materials projects. While we believe this will have a short-term impact on cash flow and revenues, we do not currently anticipate these identified modifications to date will have a material impact to our overall business and financial results. We will continue to monitor these for potential impacts to future cash flow.
Overall, while there is an increased level of uncertainty in our financial forecasts for the remainder of 2020 due to the macro-economic uncertainty related to COVID-19, we currently continue to target growth in service fee revenues for both of our business segments for the remainder of the year as compared to 2019. For our LiveArea business, we expect some short-term impact on revenue and profitability in the third quarter of 2020, as a result of the client requested project deferrals and adjustments, but we expect to have continued ongoing success in winning new or expanded client relationships that are expected to offset this impact. For our PFS business segment, we are expecting an overall stronger level of service fees from existing clients who have migrated more of their business to the online channel that we support. However, we expect some shortfalls versus our original projections in winning new client opportunities due to COVID-19 related restrictions on our prospects’ abilities to adjust their business operations in the near term and implement such business within 2020.
As a result of the impact of COVID-19, many businesses have or will be experiencing short-term or long-term liquidity issues. Based on our current expectations, we believe we have the appropriate financial structure in place to support our own business operations. However, we do expect increased potential risk from the viability of clients and their ability to make payments on time. We have and will continue to closely monitor our clients’ financial results, payment patterns and business updates in an effort to minimize the potential impact of our credit risk.
While the COVID-19 pandemic has not yet had a material adverse impact on our operations to date, the extent and duration of future impacts of the pandemic and any resulting economic impact on our business are largely unknown and difficult to predict. We recommend that you review Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, as supplemented by our Form 10-K/A filed on April 29, 2020 for a description of the risks related to COVID-19.
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was enacted and signed into law. The Company has made use of the allowance granted under section 2302 of the CARES Act, which permits employers to forgo timely payment of the employer portions of Social Security and RRTA taxes that would otherwise be due from March 27 through December 31, 2020, without penalty or interest charges. We have elected this option and it has resulted in deferred payments through June 30, 2020 totaling $1.2 million, due in equal payments on December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2022. We expect to defer between $3.5 million and $4.0 million through December 31, 2020. Similarly, the UK and Belgium governments have granted businesses the option to defer the payment of certain value-added tax ("VAT") amounts. We have elected to take advantage of the options available to us but the effects have been immaterial. We continue to examine the impact that the CARES Act and similar international statutes may have on our business.
In March 2020, we established a COVID-19 task force, comprised of leaders from a cross function of each of our operational sites and business units. The objectives of the task force are to:
•Gather daily key information from each site regarding risks, opportunities and developments related to the pandemic's impact and Company's response to ensure unfiltered access to information for the Company’s leadership.
•Identify and accumulate data required for decision making at the leadership level, including providing recommended courses of action.
•Coordinate communication plans for all of our geographic locations.
•Access, establish, monitor and adjust our business operations continuity plans for each geographic location.
•Ensure formal tracking of any known or suspected employee cases of COVID-19.
We have taken a number of precautionary measures designed to help minimize the risk of the spread of the virus to our employees, including suspending all non-essential travel worldwide for our employees, and adjusting our operations wherever necessary to help ensure a safe environment for our staff across business functions.
We have transitioned our professional staff and contact center agents to a work-from-home solution, with only a few exceptions. While all of our distribution facilities are considered essential businesses in the jurisdictions in which they are located and have continued to operate, we have established procedures to ensure the safety of our distribution facility staff, including:
•Employees are not required to come to work if they are not comfortable doing so.
•Employees that are experiencing or have been exposed to anyone exhibiting symptoms of COVID-19 have been told not to come to work and to seek medical attention and/or testing and stay home until they receive a negative test result, have self-quarantined for 14 days and/or receive clearance from a medical professional.
•Performing temperature checks at entry doors. Employees exhibiting any symptoms of COVID-19 or who have an elevated temperature are not allowed in the facility.
•Provide PPE for employees including gloves, face masks and in certain facilities, face shields. We have provided training for proper use of the equipment.
•Require distancing among employees inside of the working areas of the distribution facilities and require that all employees use the greatest social distancing available inside of the facilities with constant enforcement being maintained.
•Provide mobile cleaning stations for employee use at any time and access to hand sanitizer stations.
•Increased and enhanced cleaning regimen in all facilities. Facilities are cleaned on a daily basis, as well as a nightly cleaning that includes disinfectant fogging at some facilities.
•Facilitating virtual focus groups with employees to seek out ways to provide suggestions to the task force.
Overview
We are a global commerce services company. We manage the entire commerce customer experience for major branded manufacturers and retailers through two business segments, LiveArea Professional Services ("LiveArea") and PFS Operations. LiveArea provides a comprehensive set of services to support and improve B2B, B2C and B2B2C digital and physical shopping experiences or eCommerce. Service areas include eCommerce strategy and consulting, omni-channel experience design, digital marketing, data strategy and technology services including development and system integration. PFS Operations provides services to support and improve the physical experience, such as order management, order fulfillment, customer care and payment services. We offer our services on an a la carte basis or as a complete end-to-end solution.
Operating Results
The following table discloses certain financial information for the periods presented, expressed in terms of dollars, dollar change, percentage change and as a percentage of total revenues (in thousands, except percentages):
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Three Months Ended
June 30,
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% of Total
Revenues
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|
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Six Months Ended
June 30,
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% of Total
Revenues
|
|
|
|
2020
|
|
2019
|
|
Change
|
|
2020
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
|
2019
|
|
Change
|
|
2020
|
|
2019
|
Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Service fee revenue
|
$
|
61,996
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|
|
$
|
50,331
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|
|
$
|
11,665
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|
|
75.2
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%
|
|
73.5
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%
|
|
$
|
116,294
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|
|
$
|
101,769
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|
|
$
|
14,525
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73.1
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%
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72.4
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%
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Product revenue, net
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5,915
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|
6,138
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(223)
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7.2
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%
|
|
9.0
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%
|
|
13,447
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|
|
13,638
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(191)
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|
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8.5
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%
|
|
9.7
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%
|
Pass-through revenue
|
14,524
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|
|
12,041
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|
|
2,483
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|
17.6
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%
|
|
17.6
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%
|
|
29,393
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|
25,253
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|
|
4,140
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|
|
18.5
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%
|
|
18.0
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%
|
Total revenues
|
82,435
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|
|
68,510
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|
|
13,925
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|
|
100.0
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%
|
|
100.0
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%
|
|
159,134
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|
|
140,660
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|
|
18,474
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|
|
100.0
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%
|
|
100.0
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%
|
Costs of Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Cost of service fee revenue
|
40,765
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|
|
32,809
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|
|
7,956
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|
|
65.8
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%
|
(1)
|
65.2
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%
|
|
75,481
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|
|
66,767
|
|
|
8,714
|
|
|
64.9
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%
|
(1)
|
65.6
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%
|
Cost of product revenue
|
5,590
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|
|
5,791
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(201)
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|
94.5
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%
|
(2)
|
94.3
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%
|
|
12,713
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|
|
12,868
|
|
|
(155)
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|
|
94.5
|
%
|
(2)
|
94.4
|
%
|
Cost of pass-through revenue
|
14,524
|
|
|
12,041
|
|
|
2,483
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
(3)
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
29,393
|
|
|
25,253
|
|
|
4,140
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
(3)
|
100.0
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%
|
Total costs of revenues
|
60,879
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|
|
50,641
|
|
|
10,238
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|
|
73.9
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%
|
|
73.9
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%
|
|
117,587
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|
|
104,888
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|
|
12,699
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|
|
73.9
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%
|
|
74.6
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%
|
Service fee gross profit
|
21,231
|
|
|
17,522
|
|
|
3,709
|
|
|
34.2
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%
|
(1)
|
34.8
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%
|
|
40,813
|
|
|
35,002
|
|
|
5,811
|
|
|
35.1
|
%
|
(1)
|
34.4
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%
|
Product revenue gross profit
|
325
|
|
|
347
|
|
|
(22)
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|
|
5.5
|
%
|
(2)
|
5.7
|
%
|
|
734
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|
|
770
|
|
|
(36)
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|
|
5.5
|
%
|
(2)
|
5.6
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%
|
Total gross profit
|
21,556
|
|
|
17,869
|
|
|
3,687
|
|
|
26.1
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%
|
|
26.1
|
%
|
|
41,547
|
|
|
35,772
|
|
|
5,775
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|
|
26.1
|
%
|
|
25.4
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%
|
Selling, General and Administrative expenses
|
21,541
|
|
|
18,096
|
|
|
3,445
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|
|
26.1
|
%
|
|
26.4
|
%
|
|
40,911
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|
|
36,443
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|
|
4,468
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25.7
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%
|
|
25.9
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%
|
Income (loss) from operations
|
15
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|
|
(227)
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|
242
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|
—
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%
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(0.3)
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%
|
|
636
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|
|
(671)
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|
1,307
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|
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0.4
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%
|
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(0.5)
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%
|
Interest expense, net
|
375
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|
|
448
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|
|
(73)
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|
0.5
|
%
|
|
0.7
|
%
|
|
788
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|
|
959
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|
|
(171)
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|
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0.5
|
%
|
|
0.7
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%
|
Income (loss) before income taxes
|
(360)
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|
(675)
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|
315
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|
(0.4)
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%
|
|
(1.0)
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%
|
|
(152)
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|
|
(1,630)
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|
|
1,478
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|
|
(0.1)
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%
|
|
(1.2)
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%
|
Income tax expense, net
|
627
|
|
|
300
|
|
|
327
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|
|
0.8
|
%
|
|
0.4
|
%
|
|
1,066
|
|
|
509
|
|
|
557
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|
|
0.7
|
%
|
|
0.4
|
%
|
Net loss
|
$
|
(987)
|
|
|
$
|
(975)
|
|
|
$
|
(12)
|
|
|
(1.2)
|
%
|
|
(1.4)
|
%
|
|
$
|
(1,218)
|
|
|
$
|
(2,139)
|
|
|
$
|
921
|
|
|
(0.8)
|
%
|
|
(1.5)
|
%
|
(1) Represents the percent of Service fee revenue.
(2) Represents the percent of Product revenue, net.
(3) Represents the percent of Pass-through revenue.
Segment Operating Data
PFS Operations (in thousands, except percentages)
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020
|
|
2019
|
|
Change
|
|
Change %
|
|
2020
|
|
2019
|
|
Change
|
|
Change %
|
Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Service fee revenue
|
$
|
41,414
|
|
|
$
|
31,700
|
|
|
$
|
9,714
|
|
|
31
|
%
|
|
$
|
74,845
|
|
|
$
|
64,754
|
|
|
$
|
10,091
|
|
|
16
|
%
|
Product revenue, net
|
5,915
|
|
|
6,138
|
|
|
(223)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
13,447
|
|
|
13,638
|
|
|
(191)
|
|
|
—
|
|
Pass-through revenue
|
13,916
|
|
|
11,412
|
|
|
2,504
|
|
|
22
|
%
|
|
27,873
|
|
|
24,289
|
|
|
3,584
|
|
|
15
|
%
|
Total revenues
|
61,245
|
|
|
49,250
|
|
|
11,995
|
|
|
24
|
%
|
|
116,165
|
|
|
102,681
|
|
|
13,484
|
|
|
13
|
%
|
Costs of Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of service fee revenue
|
29,434
|
|
|
22,755
|
|
|
6,679
|
|
|
29
|
%
|
|
52,739
|
|
|
46,675
|
|
|
6,064
|
|
|
13
|
%
|
Cost of product revenue
|
5,590
|
|
|
5,791
|
|
|
(201)
|
|
|
(3)
|
%
|
|
12,713
|
|
|
12,868
|
|
|
(155)
|
|
|
(1)
|
%
|
Cost of pass-through revenue
|
13,916
|
|
|
11,412
|
|
|
2,504
|
|
|
22
|
%
|
|
27,873
|
|
|
24,289
|
|
|
3,584
|
|
|
15
|
%
|
Total costs of revenues
|
48,940
|
|
|
39,958
|
|
|
8,982
|
|
|
22
|
%
|
|
93,325
|
|
|
83,832
|
|
|
9,493
|
|
|
11
|
%
|
Gross Profit
|
12,305
|
|
|
9,292
|
|
|
3,013
|
|
|
32
|
%
|
|
22,840
|
|
|
18,849
|
|
|
3,991
|
|
|
21
|
%
|
Direct operating expenses
|
7,903
|
|
|
7,163
|
|
|
740
|
|
|
10
|
%
|
|
15,348
|
|
|
14,195
|
|
|
1,153
|
|
|
8
|
%
|
Direct contribution
|
$
|
4,402
|
|
|
$
|
2,129
|
|
|
$
|
2,273
|
|
|
107
|
%
|
|
$
|
7,492
|
|
|
$
|
4,654
|
|
|
$
|
2,838
|
|
|
61
|
%
|
PFS Operations total revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 increased by $12.0 million and $13.5 million, respectively, compared with the corresponding periods in 2019. Service fee revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 increased $9.7 million and $10.1 million, respectively, compared to the prior year. The service fee revenue increase was primarily due to growth from new and existing clients, driven by increases in on-line spending as a result of COVID-19, offset by client terminations or bankruptcies. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, we had service fee revenues totaling approximately $0.6 million and $2.8 million, respectively, related to two clients that filed bankruptcy and subsequently liquidated their operations in 2019. Excluding the decrease from these clients, service fee revenues would have increased by $10.3 million and $12.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively.
Product revenue, net, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, remained largely consistent with the corresponding period in 2019. We had expected product revenue to decline, as it is primarily dependent on one client, which restructured its operations and discontinued certain product lines. However, during the three months ended March 31, 2020, we had an increase in orders as certain customers ordered incremental product to minimize the risk of product not being available during this time. This was offset during the three months ended June 30, 2020, whereby product revenue returned to an expected decline. We expect to see reduced product revenue as the year continues, as a result of the restructuring of our client.
Pass-through revenue, primarily related to freight activity, increased by $2.5 million and $3.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the corresponding periods in 2019 primarily due to incremental activity with both new and existing clients partially offset by the impact of a client's transition of their freight management activities.
PFS Operations gross margin increased to 20.1% and 19.7% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, from 18.9% and 18.4% for the same periods of the prior year. The increased margin is due to the increased service fee margins of 28.9% and 29.5% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, from 28.2% and 27.9% for the same periods of the prior year primarily as a result of operating cost efficiencies. This was partially offset by the impact from increased pass-through revenue with zero margin.
Direct operating expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 increased by $0.7 million and $1.2 million compared to the corresponding periods in 2019. The increase was primarily due to increased personnel costs arising from stock compensation expense of $0.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the same periods of the prior year. The increased stock compensation expense arose from the issuance of incremental awards after the approval of a new Stock and Incentive Plan by shareholders on June 30, 2020. Excluding the impact of stock based compensation, direct operating expenses decreased by $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and increased by $0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. This increase was primarily due to increased personnel related costs (including variable compensation expense), facility costs, and sales and marketing related spend, partially offset by the prior year amount including a higher provision for doubtful accounts due to a 2019 client bankruptcy.
LiveArea Professional Services (in thousands, except percentages)
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Three Months Ended
June 30,
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Six Months Ended
June 30,
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2020
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2019
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Change
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Change %
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2020
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2019
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Change
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Change %
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Revenues
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Service fee revenue
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$
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20,582
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$
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18,631
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|
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$
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1,951
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10
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%
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$
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41,449
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$
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37,015
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|
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$
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4,434
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12
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%
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Pass-through revenue
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608
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629
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(21)
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(3)
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%
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1,520
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964
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556
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58
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%
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Total revenues
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21,190
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19,260
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1,930
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10
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%
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42,969
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37,979
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4,990
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13
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%
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Costs of revenues
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Cost of service fee revenue
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11,331
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10,054
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1,277
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13
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%
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22,742
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20,092
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2,650
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13
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%
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Cost of pass-through revenue
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608
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629
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(21)
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(3)
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%
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1,520
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964
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556
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58
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%
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Total costs of revenues
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11,939
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10,683
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1,256
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12
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%
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24,262
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21,056
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3,206
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15
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%
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Gross profit
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9,251
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8,577
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|
674
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8
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%
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18,707
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16,923
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|
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1,784
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|
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11
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%
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Direct operating expenses
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8,802
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6,276
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2,526
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40
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%
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15,076
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12,749
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2,327
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18
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%
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Direct contribution
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$
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449
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$
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2,301
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$
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(1,852)
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(80)
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%
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$
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3,631
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$
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4,174
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$
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(543)
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(13)
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%
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LiveArea Professional Services revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 increased by $1.9 million and $5.0 million, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2019. The increase in revenues are primarily due to the higher level of new and existing client activity and related pass through revenues, as a result of increased success in booking new projects and engagements during late 2019 and continuing into 2020.
LiveArea Professional Services gross margin decreased to 43.7% from 44.5% in the three months ended June 30, 2019 and decreased to 43.5% from 44.6% in the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to the corresponding periods of the prior year. The decrease in gross margin is primarily attributable to higher than expected costs incurred on certain client projects for the six months ended June 30, 2020, increased levels of zero margin pass-through revenue activity as well as the prior year including a higher level of monies earned on direct and indirect technology related product sales.
Direct operating expenses increased by $2.5 million and $2.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to increased stock based compensation of $2.3 million and $2.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, compared to $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the same periods in 2019. Excluding this expense, direct operating expenses increased by $0.3 million and $0.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. The increase arose primarily as a result of incremental sales and marketing personnel costs and increased variable compensation expense, partially offset by reduced travel related spend.
Corporate (in thousands, except percentages)
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Three Months Ended
June 30,
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Six Months Ended
June 30,
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2020
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2019
|
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Change
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Change %
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2020
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2019
|
|
Change
|
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Change %
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Unallocated corporate expenses
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$
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4,836
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$
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4,657
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$
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179
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4
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%
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$
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10,487
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|
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$
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9,499
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$
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988
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10
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%
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Unallocated corporate expenses increased by $0.2 million and $1.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2019. There were incremental increases in stock based compensation of $1.6 million, offset by a $1.7 million and $1.1 million reduction to vacation expense for the three and six months ended June 30, respectively. The decrease to vacation expense was primarily related to a change in policy to allow for the introduction of a flexible vacation policy that is not restricted to time earned by the Company for US employees in the second quarter of 2020. Excluding the impacts of these factors, unallocated corporate expenses increased by $0.3 million and $0.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, primarily as a result of increased personnel related costs.
Income Taxes
During the three months ended June 30, 2019, we recorded a tax expense of $0.6 million comprised primarily of $0.4 million related to the majority of our international operations, $0.1 million related to state income taxes, and $0.1 million associated with the tax amortization of goodwill in relation to our 2015 acquisition. A valuation allowance has been provided for the majority of our domestic net deferred tax assets, which are primarily related to our net operating loss carryforwards, and for certain foreign deferred tax assets.
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we recorded a tax expense of $1.1 million comprised primarily of $0.5 million related to the majority of our international operations, $0.3 million related to state income taxes, and $0.3 million associated with the tax amortization of goodwill in relation to our 2015 acquisition. A valuation allowance has been provided for the majority of our domestic net deferred tax assets, which are primarily related to our net operating loss carryforwards, and for certain foreign deferred tax assets.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, we have utilized the discrete effective tax rate method, as allowed by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740-270-30-18, “Income Taxes—Interim Reporting,” to calculate the interim income tax provision. The discrete method is applied when the application of the estimated annual effective tax rate is impractical because it is not possible to reliably estimate the annual effective tax rate. The discrete method treats the year to date period as if it was the annual period and determines the income tax expense or benefit on that basis. We believe that, at this time, the use of this discrete method is more appropriate than the annual effective tax rate method as (i) the estimated annual effective tax rate method is not reliable due to the high degree of uncertainty in estimating annual pretax earnings by jurisdiction and (ii) our ongoing assessment that the recoverability of our deferred tax assets is not likely in several jurisdictions.
The CARES Act, among other things, permits net operating loss ("NOL") carryovers and carrybacks to offset 100% of taxable income for taxable years beginning before 2021. In addition, the CARES Act allows NOLs incurred in 2018, 2019, and 2020 to be carried back to each of the five preceding taxable years. Due to the company’s historical NOLs, the NOL carryback provision of the CARES Act would not result in a benefit.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We currently believe our cash position, financing available under our credit facilities and funds generated from operations will satisfy our presently known operating cash needs, our working capital and capital expenditure requirements, our current debt and lease obligations, and additional loans to our subsidiaries, if necessary, for at least the next twelve months. However, our assumptions and expectations may be impacted by the uncertain duration and extent of the adverse economic conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Our cash position decreased in the six months ended June 30, 2020 primarily from cash used in operating activities and purchases of property and equipment, partially offset by borrowing on our revolving loan.
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, net cash used in operations was $2.8 million, compared to net cash provided by operations of $4.9 million in the same period of the prior year. Both periods included benefits from cash income generated from operations before changes in operating assets and liabilities. Such benefits were then either increased or decreased, depending on period, by the net impact of changes in assets and liabilities, primarily related to the amount and timing of client revenue billings and collections as well as vendor purchasing and payment activity. In the six months ended June 30, 2020, there was a reduced cash flow benefit from a seasonality driven reduction in accounts receivable. In addition, one of our clients began to transition away from our service offering of credit card collections from this client’s customers which further increased our net cash used in operations. We expect the impact from the change in this client’s service offering to have a reduced impact on cash flows from operating activities for the remainder of 2020.
We have deferred payment of the employer portions of Social Security and RRTA taxes that would otherwise be due from March 27 through December 31, 2020, by election of the option provided in terms of the CARES Act. This has resulted in deferred payments through June 30, 2020 totaling $1.2 million, due in equal payments on December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2022 and we expect to defer between $3.5 million and $4.0 million through December 31, 2020.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities included capital expenditures of $1.7 million and $1.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, exclusive of property and equipment acquired under debt and finance lease financing, which consisted primarily of capitalized software costs and equipment purchases.
Capital expenditures have historically consisted of additions to upgrade our management information systems, development of customized technology solutions to support and integrate with our service fee clients and general expansion and upgrades to our facilities, both domestic and foreign. We expect to incur capital expenditures to support new facilities, contracts and anticipated future growth opportunities. Based on our current client business activity and our targeted growth plans, we anticipate our total investment in upgrades and additions to facilities and information technology solutions and services for the upcoming twelve months, including costs to implement new clients, will be approximately $7.0 million to $9.0 million, although additional capital expenditures may be necessary to support the infrastructure requirements of new clients. To maintain our current operating cash position, a portion of these expenditures may be financed through client reimbursements, debt, operating or finance leases or additional equity. We may elect to modify or defer a portion of such anticipated investments in the event that we do not obtain the financing results necessary to support such investments.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, cash provided by financing activities was $1.8 million and during the six months ended June 30, 2019, cash used in financing activities was $6.7 million. The balances in both periods were primarily due to net borrowing and payment activity on our revolving loan and other debt.
Working Capital
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, our working capital increased to $22.4 million compared to $14.3 million at December 31, 2019. This increase was primarily related to income generated from operations before working capital changes, plus net borrowings on our revolving debt facility, partially offset by capital expenditures.
To obtain additional financing in the future, in addition to our current cash position, we plan to evaluate various financing alternatives including the sale of equity, utilizing capital or operating leases, borrowing under our credit facilities, expanding our current credit facilities or entering into new debt agreements. No assurances can be given we will be successful in obtaining any additional financing or the terms thereof. We currently believe our cash position, financing available under our credit facilities and funds generated from operations will satisfy our presently known operating cash needs, our working capital and capital expenditure requirements, our current debt and lease obligations, and additional loans to our subsidiaries, if necessary, for at least the next twelve months.
Our term and revolving loan facilities described below contain both financial and non-financial covenants. To the extent we fail to comply with our debt covenants, including the financial covenant requirements, and we are not able to obtain a waiver, the lenders would be entitled to accelerate the repayment of any outstanding credit facility obligations, and exercise all other rights and remedies, including sale of collateral. An acceleration of the repayment of our credit facility obligations may have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations. We can provide no assurance we will have the financial ability to repay all such obligations. As of June 30, 2020, we were in compliance with all debt covenants. Further, non-renewal of any of our credit facilities may have a material adverse impact on our business and financial condition.
Inventory Financing
To finance its distribution of Ricoh products in the U.S., Supplies Distributors has a short-term credit facility with IBM Credit LLC and its assignees (“IBM Credit”) that provides financing for eligible inventory and certain receivables for up to $7.5 million. We have provided a collateralized guarantee to secure the repayment of this credit facility. The IBM Credit facility does not have a stated maturity and both parties have the ability to exit the facility following a 90-day notice.
This credit facility contains various restrictions upon the ability of Supplies Distributors and its subsidiaries to, among other things, merge, consolidate, sell assets, incur indebtedness, make loans, investments and payments to related parties (including entities directly or indirectly owned by PFSweb, Inc.), provide guarantees, make investments and loans, pledge assets, make changes to capital stock ownership structure and pay dividends, as well as financial covenants, such as annualized revenue to working capital, net profit after tax to revenue and total liabilities to tangible net worth, as defined, and are secured by all of the assets of Supplies Distributors, as well as a collateralized guaranty of PFSweb. Additionally, we are required to maintain a subordinated loan to Supplies Distributors of no less than $1.0 million, not maintain restricted cash of more than $5.0 million, are restricted with regard to transactions with related parties, indebtedness and changes to capital stock ownership. Furthermore, we are obligated to repay any over-advance made to Supplies Distributors or its subsidiaries under these facilities if they are unable to do so. We have also provided a guarantee of substantially all of the obligations of Supplies Distributors and its subsidiaries to IBM and Ricoh.
Debt and Finance Lease Obligations
U.S. Credit Agreement. In August 2015, we entered into a credit agreement (“Credit Agreement”) with Regions Bank, as agent for itself and one or more future lenders (the “Lenders”). Under the Credit Agreement, and subject to the terms set forth therein, the Lenders provided us with a revolving loan facility for up to $32.5 million and a term loan facility for up to $30 million. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement accrued interest at a variable rate based on prime rate or Libor, plus an applicable margin.
On November 1, 2018, we entered into Amendment No. 1 to our credit agreement with Regions Bank (the “Amended Facility”). The Amended Facility provided for an increase in availability of our revolving loans to $60.0 million, with the ability for a further increase of $20.0 million to $80.0 million, and the elimination of the term loan. Amounts outstanding under the term loan were reconstituted as revolving loans. The Amended Facility also extended the maturity date to November 1, 2023.
As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the weighted average interest rate on the revolving loan facility was 2.76% and 3.96%, respectively. The Amended Facility is secured by a lien on substantially all of the operating assets of the US entities and a pledge of 65% of the shares of certain of our foreign subsidiaries. The Amended Facility contains cross default provisions, various restrictions upon the Company’s ability to, among other things, merge, consolidate, sell assets, incur indebtedness, make loans and payments to subsidiaries, affiliates and related parties, make capital expenditures, make investments and loans, pledge assets, make changes to capital stock ownership structure, as well as financial covenants, as defined, of a minimum consolidated fixed charge ratio and a maximum consolidated leverage ratio.
Master Lease Agreements. We have various agreements that provide for leasing or financing transactions of equipment and other assets and will continue to enter into such arrangements as needed to finance the purchasing or leasing of certain equipment or other assets. Borrowings under these agreements, which generally have terms of three to five years, are generally secured by the related equipment, and in certain cases, by a Company parent guarantee.
Other than our finance and operating lease commitments, we do not have any other material financial commitments, although future client contracts may require capital expenditures and lease commitments to support the services provided to such clients.