FAX abrdn Asiapacific Income Fund Inc

 

Dear Shareholder,

We present the Annual Report, which covers the activities of abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc. (the “Fund”), for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023. The Fund’s principal investment objective is to seek current income. The Fund may also achieve incidental capital appreciation.

Total Investment Return¹

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the total return to shareholders of the Fund based on the net asset value (“NAV”) and market price of the Fund, respectively, compared to the Fund’s benchmark is as follows:

NAV2,3	12.21%
Market Price2	13.96%
Blended Benchmark4	-0.97%

For more information about Fund performance, please visit the Fund on the web at www.abrdnfax.com. Here, you can view quarterly commentary on the Fund's performance, monthly fact sheets, distribution and performance information, and other Fund literature.

NAV, Market Price and Premium(+)/Discount(-)

The below table represents comparison from current fiscal year end to prior fiscal year end of market price to NAV and associated Premium(+) and Discount(-).

	NAV	Closing Market Price	Premium(+)/ Discount(-)
10/31/2023	$2.83	$2.39	-15.55%
10/31/2022	$2.85	$2.37	-16.84%

During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Fund’s NAV traded within a range of $2.81 to $3.33 and the Fund’s market price traded within a range of $2.33 to $2.90. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Fund’s shares traded within a range of a premium(+)/discount(-) of -11.33% to -18.21%.

Managed Distribution Policy

The Fund's distributions to common shareholders and the annualized distribution rates based on market price and NAV, respectively, for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2023, October 31, 2022 and October 31, 2021 are shown in the table below:

	Distribution per share to common shareholders	Market Price	Market Price 12- month distribution rate	NAV	NAV 12- month distribution rate
10/31/2023	$0.33	$2.39	13.9%	$2.83	11.7%
10/31/2022	$0.33	$2.37	13.9%	$2.85	11.6%
10/31/2021	$0.33	$4.22	7.8%	$4.38	7.5%

Since all distributions are paid after deducting applicable withholding taxes, the effective distribution rate may be higher for those U.S. investors who are able to claim a tax credit.

On November 9, 2023 and December 11, 2023, the Fund announced that it will pay on November 30, 2023 and January 10, 2024, respectively, a distribution of U.S. $0.0275 per share to all shareholders of record as of November 22, 2023 and December 29, 2023, respectively.

The Fund’s policy is to provide investors with a stable monthly distribution out of current income, supplemented by realized capital gains and, to the extent necessary, paid-in capital, which is a non-taxable return of capital. This policy is subject to an annual review as well as regular review at the Board’s quarterly meetings, unless market conditions require an earlier evaluation.

Portfolio Allocation

As of October 31, 2023, the Fund held 72.7% of its total investments in Asian debt securities, 6.8% in Australian debt securities, 5.7% in Latin America debt securities, 2.3% in European debt securities and 12.5 % in other debt securities and cash.

The Fund's currency exposure as of October 31, 2023 was 51.7% in U.S. Dollar, 36.7% in various Asian currencies, 3.5% in the Australian Dollar, 2.8% in various Latin America currencies and 5.3% in other currencies.

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1

Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Investment returns and principal value will fluctuate and shares, when sold, may be worth more or less than original cost. Current performance may be lower or higher than the performance quoted. Net asset value return data includes investment management fees, custodial charges and administrative fees (such as Director and legal fees) and assumes the reinvestment of all distributions.

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2	Assuming the reinvestment of dividends and distributions.

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3	The Fund’s total return is based on the reported NAV for each financial reporting period end and may differ from what is reported on the Financial Highlights due to financial statement rounding or adjustments.

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4	Blended Benchmark as defined in Total Investment Return section on Page 8.

Credit Quality

As of October 31, 2023, 14.4% of the Fund’s total investments were invested in securities where either the issue or the issuer was rated A or better by S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”)^*, Moody’s Investors Services, Inc. (“Moody’s”)^** or Fitch Ratings, Inc. (“Fitch”)^***

Fund’s Leverage

The table below summarizes certain key terms of the Fund’s current leverage:

Amount ($ in millions)		Maturity
Revolving Credit Facility	$76	July 31, 2024
15-Year Series C Senior Secured Notes	$50	February 28, 2032
15-Year Series D Senior Secured Notes	$100	August 10, 2032
15-Year Series E Senior Secured Notes	$100	June 19, 2034

As of October 31, 2023, the combined $250 million 15-Year Series C, D and E Senior Secured Notes are rated A by Fitch.

A more detailed description of the Fund’s leverage can be found in the Report of the Investment Manager and the Notes to Financial Statements.

Unclaimed Share Accounts

Please be advised that abandoned or unclaimed property laws for certain states require financial organizations to transfer (escheat) unclaimed property (including Fund shares) to the state. Each state has its own definition of unclaimed property, and Fund shares could be considered “unclaimed property” due to account inactivity (e.g., no owner-generated activity for a certain period), returned mail (e.g., when mail sent to a shareholder  is returned to the Fund's transfer agent as undeliverable), or a combination of both. If your Fund shares are categorized as unclaimed, your financial advisor or the Fund's transfer agent will follow the applicable state’s statutory requirements to contact you, but if unsuccessful, laws may require that the shares be escheated to the appropriate state. If this happens, you will have to contact the state to recover your property, which

may involve time and expense. For more information on unclaimed property and how to maintain an active account, please contact your financial adviser or the Fund's transfer agent.

Open Market Repurchase Program

The Board approved an open market repurchase and discount management policy (the "Program"), which allows the Fund to purchase, in the open market, its outstanding common shares, with the amount and timing of any repurchase determined at the discretion of the Fund’s investment manager. If shares are repurchased, the Fund reports the number of shares repurchased on its website monthly. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Fund did not repurchase any shares through this program.

On a quarterly basis, the Board will receive information on any transactions made pursuant to this Program during the prior quarter and if shares are repurchased management will post the number of shares repurchased on the Fund’s website on a monthly basis. Under the terms of the Program, the Fund is permitted to repurchase up to 10% of its outstanding shares of common stock in the open market during any 12 month period.

Portfolio Holdings Disclosure

The Fund's complete schedule of portfolio holdings for the second and fourth quarters of each fiscal year are included in the Fund's semi-annual and annual reports to shareholders. The Fund files its complete schedule of portfolio holdings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for the first and third quarters of each fiscal year as an exhibit to its reports on Form N-PORT. These reports are available on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. The Fund makes the information available to shareholders upon request and without charge by calling Investor Relations toll-free at 1-800-522-5465.

Proxy Voting

A description of the policies and procedures that the Fund uses to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities and information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12 month period ended June 30 is available by August 31 of the relevant year: (1) upon request without charge by calling Investor Relations toll-free at 1-800-522-5465; and (2) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

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*

S&P’s ratings are expressed as letter grades that range from ‘AAA’ to ‘D’ to communicate the agency’s opinion of relative level of credit risk. Ratings from ‘AA’ to ‘CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories. The investment grade category is a rating from ‘AAA’ to ‘BBB-’.

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**

Moody’s is an independent, unaffiliated research company that rates fixed income securities. Moody’s assigns ratings on the basis of risk and the borrower’s ability to make interest payments. Typically, securities are assigned a rating from ‘Aaa’ to ‘C’, with ‘Aaa’ being the highest quality and ‘C’ the lowest quality.

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***	Fitch is an international credit rating agency. Fitch ratings range from AAA (reliable and stable) to D (high risk).

Market Review

Although U.S. Treasury yields rose over the year, global bond markets delivered positive returns overall during a volatile twelve-month period ending October 31, 2023. Government bonds outperformed at the short end, with the curve flattening over the period under review, while still remaining inverted. Investors expected that the U.S. Federal Reserve (Fed) had delivered its final rate hike in October, taking the fed funds rate to 5.25%–5.50%.

The U.S. 10-year Treasury briefly traded above 5.00% in October before ending the month at 4.93%, as economic data continued to illustrate a resilient U.S. economy. That said, at the time of writing, yields have fallen back with cracks in the economic outlook starting to appear: delinquencies rising, the pandemic build-up in household savings largely run down, credit card debt hitting record levels, and an increasing number of people drawing down hardship payments from their 401k pension accounts. Meanwhile, the U.S. dollar retreated from its historic highs in October 2022, although remaining at elevated levels, with the DXY Index¹ above 100 for the period under review.

While the rhetoric from developed market (DM) central banks was that interest rates would remain higher for longer, it seemed most monetary authorities were now at or very close to their peak policy rates. More surprising was the loosening of the yield curve control policy by the Bank of Japan (BoJ) under its new governor, Kazuo Ueda. With the BoJ predicting inflation will hit 2.0% in 2024, the central bank first loosened the ‘ceiling’ for the 10-year Japanese government bond yield to around 1.0%, before re-defining this as a loose ‘upper bound’ and removing its pledge to defend this level.

Asia and its central banks are in a very different position to DMs. Data in Asia has generally remained on the weaker side and growth pressures are more evident. Currency performance was mixed, with a basket of Asian currencies strengthening against the U.S. dollar overall, mainly due to strong performance from the Thai baht, Korean won, and Sri Lankan rupee. Asian local currency government bonds delivered positive returns over the twelve months, outperforming U.S. Treasuries.

Asian corporate bonds (credit) delivered positive returns over the twelve months, although the performance deteriorated over the second half of the period as it became clear that the fed funds rate would stay elevated for longer. In addition, purchasing managers’ indices pointed to activity levels slowing across the region apart from in Malaysia, which was flat, and in the Philippines, which expanded at a faster rate. Economic activity contracted in October in half of Asia’s economies, including China, with only India still growing strongly in both its manufacturing and services sectors.

Asia’s inflation picture has become more nuanced, with the latest prints showing that Thailand slipped into deflation for the first time in over two years. Inflation printed on target in Hong Kong, India, and Indonesia, while in the Philippines, Singapore, and South Korea inflation was above central bank targets and rose further in the latest prints, most notably in the Philippines. Meanwhile, prices in China remained flat while further economic data there continued to highlight economic weakness.

Emerging market (EM) debt performed strongly as improved risk sentiment combined with countries making progress to achieve debt sustainability. EM central banks coming to the end of their rate-hiking cycles also contributed to performance in local currency assets, which outperformed hard currency debt over the period under review. Investment-grade bonds outperformed lower-quality high yield² debt, which fell 17.26% over the twelve-month period. Investment-grade³ spreads tightened over the period. In EM currencies, the Russian rouble underperformed against the Canadian dollar, while the Chilean peso, Mexican peso, and Brazilian real all strengthened over the twelve months.

Performance Review

The Fund returned 12.2% on a net asset value⁴ basis for the year ended October 31, 2023, versus the -1.0% return of its blended benchmark⁵ for the same period. While the performance of the net asset value includes the impact of leverage⁶, the benchmark performance does not. The unlevered NAV generated a return, after fees and expenses, of 8.2% for the 12-month reporting period ended October 31, 2023, demonstrating that the leverage added an incremental 4.0% to fund performance over that timeframe.

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1	DXY index – measure of the value of the US dollar against a basket of global currencies.

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2	High-yield bonds – Companies whose bonds have a higher chance of defaulting on their debt than those rated as ‘investment grade’. Bonds rated BB and below are considered ‘high yield’. Also known as ‘non-investment grade’.

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3

Investment-grade bonds are companies whose bonds are rated as 'investment grade' have a lower chance of defaulting on their debt than those rated as 'non-investment grade'. Generally, these bonds are issued by long-established companies with strong balance sheets. Bonds rated BBB or above are known as investment-grade bonds.

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4	Net asset value (NAV) is a key measure of the value of a company, fund, or trust. It is the total value of assets less liabilities, divided by the number of shares.

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5	The Fund’s blended benchmark is composed of Bloomberg AusBond Composite 10%, JP Morgan Asia Credit Diversified 35%, Markit iBoxx ALBI (USD) 40%, JP Morgan GBI Emerging Market Global Diversified 15%.

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6	Leverage refers to a fund being exposed by more than 100% of its net asset value to assets or markets; typically resulting from the use of debt or derivatives.

Tighter credit spreads and a return to favor for EM debt and global HY contributed to the positive total return for the reporting period. The Fund’s use of leverage magnified the positive impact of the investment returns on the net asset value.

Leverage is used strategically by the Fund to support its income-generating capacity. The Fund continues to benefit from a positive interest rate differential between the interest income on the investment portfolio and the cost of the leverage.

Relative to the Fund’s blended benchmark, the investment portfolio outperformed. The principal drivers of the outperformance were the overweight allocation to the Indian market within Asia, as well as broader EM debt allocations outside Asia (such as Brazil, Mexico, and Uruguay), while our underweight to the Australian market and dollar was also accretive, with this region producing negative returns over the period.

The use of derivatives to hedge the interest rate risk (primarily paid interest rate swap positions to fix the cost of the leverage) in the portfolio contributed positively, while the use of currency forwards detracted value.

The monthly distribution reflects the Fund’s current policy to provide shareholders with a relatively stable cash flow per share. This policy did not have a material effect on the Fund’s investment strategy over the reporting period.

Outlook

Core rates markets rallied sharply in early November 2022 after U.S. inflation printed below expectations and China announced a long-awaited easing of its COVID restrictions. This performance of the rates market gives a flavour of the environment we have been looking to position for. However, we are mindful that the market may be overreacting due to technical factors around positioning, largely short rates, and long dollars. The move in U.S. Treasuries has priced out too much of the tail end of the policy normalization cycle, and with inflation expected to remain high, we anticipate that the Fed will likely still take the terminal rate to 4.75%–5.00%.

While EM spreads remain relatively contained following the sharp rally seen in June and July, they are well below the levels seen in March–May 2023 (during the regional banking crisis in the U.S.) as hopes of a soft landing continue. Wider concerns about the economic outlook in DM credit could harm EM-relative valuations. However, if spreads move to price in expectations of a recession, a lower Fed terminal rate and the end of US growth exceptionalism could be beneficial for EMs. The ‘Goldilocks’ scenario for EMs combines the current rate path for the Fed with the realization of Fed Chairman Powell’s forecast for a soft landing, resulting in slower U.S. growth and a weaker U.S. dollar. The two scenarios that could lead to a risk-off environment would be a higher terminal rate due to stickier U.S. inflation, or markedly lower bond yields due to financial stability risks.

Regarding HY, it appears that the market finally came to the realization that lower quality credits will struggle to refinance their bonds at reasonable levels in a higher-for-longer environment, driving decompression across quality.  We maintain our view that higher quality end of HY offers very attractive return potential. In the meantime, we continue to be focused on looking for good credits, with long maturity runways and ample yield.

Loan Facilities and the Use of Leverage

The amounts borrowed under the Revolving Credit Facility, the Notes and the Series A MRPS (each as defined below) may be invested to seek to return higher rates than the rates pursuant to which interests or dividends are paid under such forms of leverage. However, the cost of leverage could exceed the income earned by the Fund on the proceeds of such leverage. To the extent that the Fund is unable to invest the proceeds from the use of leverage in assets which pay interest at a rate which exceeds the rate paid on the leverage, the yield on the Fund’s common stock will decrease. In addition, in the event of a general market decline in the value of assets in which the Fund invests, the effect of that decline will be magnified in the Fund because of the additional assets purchased with the proceeds of the leverage.

The Fund employed leverage obtained via bank borrowing and other forms of leverage during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023. On August 1, 2023, the Fund executed an amendment of the $100,000,000 senior secured revolving credit loan facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) with a syndicate of banks with The Bank of Nova Scotia, acting as administrative agent. On June 25, 2023, the Fund's $50,000,000 in Series A MRPS matured  and the Fund drew-down $35,000,000 on its revolving credit facility. During the period, the Fund also Fund paid down $24,000,000 on its revolving credit facility.  As of October 31, 2023, the Fund’s outstanding balance on the revolving credit facility was $76,000,000.

At October 31, 2023, the Fund had $250,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of senior secured notes rated `A’ by Fitch Ratings outstanding ($50,000,000 in 3.87% Series C Senior Secured Notes due February 28, 2032, $100,000,000 in 3.70% Series D Senior Secured Notes due August 10, 2032 and $100,000,000 in 3.73% Series E Senior Secured Notes due June 19, 2034) (collectively, the “Notes”).

The Fund’s leveraged capital structure creates special risks not associated with unleveraged funds having similar investment objectives and policies. The funds borrowed pursuant to the Revolving Credit Facility and the Notes may constitute a substantial lien and burden by reason of their prior claim against the income of the Fund and against the net assets of the Fund in liquidation. The Fund is limited in its ability to declare dividends or other distributions under the terms of the various forms of leverage. In the event of an event of default under the Revolving Credit Facility, the lenders have the right

abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc.

5

to cause a liquidation of the collateral (i.e., sell portfolio securities and other assets of the Fund) and, if any such default is not cured, the lenders may be able to control the liquidation as well. In the event of an event of default under the Note Purchase Agreement, the holders of the Notes have the right to cause a liquidation of the collateral (i.e., cause the sale of portfolio securities and other assets of the Fund). A liquidation of the Fund’s collateral assets in an event of default, or a voluntary paydown of the Revolving Credit Facility, Series A MRPS or the Notes in order to avoid an event of default, would typically involve administrative expenses and sometimes penalties. Additionally, such liquidations often involve selling off of portions of the Fund’s assets at inopportune times which can result in losses when markets are unfavorable.

The Revolving Credit Facility Agreement,  and the Note Purchase Agreement, includes usual and customary covenants for the applicable type of transaction. These covenants impose on the Fund asset coverage requirements, Fund composition requirements and limits on certain investments, such as illiquid investments, which are more stringent than those imposed on the Fund by the 1940 Act. The covenants or guidelines could impede the Fund’s investment manager or sub-adviser from fully managing the Fund’s portfolio in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and policies. Furthermore, non-compliance with such covenants or the occurrence of other events could lead to the cancellation of any and/or all of the forms of leverage. As of October 31, 2023, the Fund was in compliance with all covenants under the agreements relating to the various forms of leverage. Under the Fund's loan facilities, the Fund is charged interest on amounts borrowed at a variable rate, which may be based on a reference rate such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), plus a spread. Additionally, the Fund may invest in certain debt securities, derivatives or other financial instruments that utilize SOFR as a “benchmark” or “reference rate” for various interest rate calculations.

Interest Rate Swaps

As of October 31, 2023, the Fund held interest rate swap agreements with an aggregate notional amount of $76,000,000, which represented 100% of the Fund’s Revolving Credit Facility balance outstanding. Under the terms of the agreements currently in effect, the Fund receives a floating rate of interest and pays fixed rates of interest for the terms and based upon the notional amounts set forth below:

Remaining Term as of October 31, 2023	Receive/(Pay) Floating Rate	Amount (in $ thousands)	Fixed Rate Payable (%)
76 months	Receive	$20,000.0	3.46%

Remaining Term as of October 31, 2023	Receive/(Pay) Floating Rate	Amount (in $ thousands)	Fixed Rate Payable (%)
100 months	Receive	$20,000.0	3.40%
112 months	Receive	$25,000.0	3.38%
116 months	Receive	$35,000.0	3.71%
116 months	Pay	$7,000.0	3.71%
116 months	Pay	$10,000.0	3.71%
116 months	Pay	$7,000.0	3.71%

There can be no assurance that the Fund will have an interest rate swap in place at any given time nor can there be any assurance that, if an interest rate swap is in place, it will be successful in hedging the Fund’s interest rate risk with respect to the loan facility.

Risk Considerations

Past performance is not an indication of future results.

Foreign securities in which the Fund may invest may be more volatile, harder to price and less liquid than U.S. securities. They are subject to risks associated with less stringent accounting and regulatory standards, the impact of currency exchange rate fluctuation, political and economic instability, reduced information about issuers, higher transaction costs and delayed settlement. The Fund focuses its investments in the Asia-Pacific region, which may subject the Fund to more volatility and greater risk of loss than geographically diverse funds.

Fixed income securities are subject to certain risks including, but not limited to: interest rate (changes in interest rates may cause a fluctuation in the market value of an investment), credit (changes in the financial condition of the issuer, borrower, counterparty, or underlying collateral), prepayment (debt issuers may repay or refinance their loans or obligations earlier than anticipated), extension (principal repayments may not occur as quickly as anticipated, causing the expected maturity of a security to increase) and issuer risk (the value of a security may decline for reasons related to the issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer’s goods or services).

abrdn Asia Limited 

6	abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc.

	Principal Amount		Value
CORPORATE BONDS—71.6%
AUSTRALIA—9.5%
Australia & New Zealand Banking Group Ltd.
(fixed rate to 06/15/2026, variable rate thereafter), 6.75%, 06/15/2026(a)(b)	$	6,000,000	$   5,821,199
(fixed rate to 08/12/2027, variable rate thereafter), 5.91%, 08/12/2032(c)	AUD	900,000	558,783
Commonwealth Bank of Australia
(fixed rate to 11/09/2027, variable rate thereafter), 6.86%, 11/09/2032(a)(c)		4,000,000	2,564,651
(fixed rate to 03/15/2033, variable rate thereafter), 6.70%, 03/15/2038(c)		7,500,000	4,761,998
Emeco Pty. Ltd., 6.25%, 07/10/2026(c)		1,000,000	585,424
Macquarie Bank Ltd., 3.62%, 06/03/2030(a)	$	6,845,000	5,459,178
Mineral Resources Ltd., 8.00%, 11/01/2027(a)(c)		6,850,000	6,619,087
National Australia Bank Ltd.
(fixed rate to 08/03/2027, variable rate thereafter), 6.32%, 08/03/2032(a)(c)	AUD	5,000,000	3,166,911
6.43%, 01/12/2033(a)	$	2,000,000	1,900,014
(fixed rate to 03/09/2028, variable rate thereafter), 6.16%, 03/09/2033(c)	AUD	1,500,000	936,275
NBN Co. Ltd., 6.00%, 10/06/2033(a)(c)	$	1,300,000	1,279,504
Qantas Airways Ltd., 5.25%, 09/09/2030(a)(c)	AUD	2,270,000	1,315,566
QBE Insurance Group Ltd., (fixed rate to 05/12/2025, variable rate thereafter), 5.88%, 05/12/2025(a)(b)	$	4,000,000	3,822,882
Santos Finance Ltd., 4.13%, 09/14/2027(a)(c)		9,100,000	8,278,904
Wesfarmers Ltd., 2.55%, 06/23/2031(a)(c)	AUD	23,600,000	11,458,478
Westpac Banking Corp.
4.11%, 04/15/2025	SGD	250,000	181,546
(fixed rate to 06/23/2028, variable rate thereafter), 6.49%, 06/23/2033(c)	AUD	5,000,000	3,165,257
(fixed rate to 06/23/2033, variable rate thereafter), 6.93%, 06/23/2038(a)(c)		7,600,000	4,862,328
Total Australia			66,737,985
BAHRAIN—0.4%
Oil & Gas Holding Co. BSCC (The), 7.50%, 10/25/2027(a)	$	2,500,000	2,511,000

	Principal Amount		Value
CHINA—12.6%
Central China Real Estate Ltd.
7.75%, 05/24/2024(a)(c)(d)	$	3,500,000	$     122,500
7.25%, 04/28/2025(c)(d)(e)		190,000	6,998
7.65%, 08/27/2025(c)(d)(e)		1,110,000	43,013
7.90%, 11/07/2025(c)(d)(e)		800,000	31,000
Central Huijin Investment Ltd., Series 2020-4, 3.02%, 03/13/2025	CNY	30,000,000	4,119,714
China Construction Bank Corp., Series 2021-1, 3.45%, 08/10/2031(c)		50,000,000	6,880,684
China Evergrande Group, 8.75%, 06/28/2025(a)(c)(d)(f)	$	12,500,000	187,500
China Oil & Gas Group Ltd., 4.70%, 06/30/2026(a)(c)		5,695,000	4,517,113
Chongqing International Logistics Hub Park Construction Co. Ltd., 5.30%, 08/20/2024(a)		3,000,000	2,874,000
CIFI Holdings Group Co. Ltd., 5.95%, 10/20/2025(a)(c)(d)		1,300,000	85,800
Country Garden Holdings Co. Ltd.
7.25%, 04/08/2026(a)(c)(d)(f)		3,277,000	132,718
3.30%, 01/12/2031(a)(c)(d)(f)		2,522,000	88,270
ENN Clean Energy International Investment Ltd., 3.38%, 05/12/2026(a)(c)		2,426,000	2,223,678
Far East Horizon Ltd., 4.25%, 10/26/2026(a)		3,670,000	3,100,706
Gansu Provincial Highway Aviation Tourism Investment Group Co. Ltd., 3.25%, 11/03/2023(a)		3,600,000	3,591,000
Geely Automobile Holdings Ltd., (fixed rate to 12/09/2024, variable rate thereafter), 4.00%, 12/09/2024(a)(b)		5,500,000	5,266,250
GLP China Holdings Ltd., 2.95%, 03/29/2026(a)		3,962,000	2,026,216
Huarong Finance 2017 Co. Ltd., 4.75%, 04/27/2027(a)		7,500,000	6,506,250
Industrial & Commercial Bank of China Ltd.
Series 2020-2, 4.15%, 11/16/2030(c)	CNY	50,000,000	6,981,490
Series 2022-1, 3.28%, 01/20/2032(c)		30,000,000	4,103,394
Kaisa Group Holdings Ltd.
10.88%, 07/23/2023(a)(c)(d)(f)	$	1,211,000	37,844
9.75%, 09/28/2023(a)(c)(d)(f)		700,000	21,875
Lenovo Group Ltd., 6.54%, 07/27/2032(a)(c)		5,600,000	5,423,792
Logan Group Co. Ltd.
6.50%, 07/16/2023(a)(c)(d)(f)		7,800,000	456,144
5.25%, 10/19/2025(a)(c)(d)(f)		7,800,000	433,758
Meituan, 3.05%, 10/28/2030(a)(c)		6,500,000	4,978,971
Shandong Iron & Steel Xinheng International Co. Ltd., 6.50%, 11/05/2023(a)		3,754,000	3,746,642
Shandong Iron And Steel Xinheng International Co. Ltd., 4.80%, 07/28/2024(a)		2,040,000	1,993,785

12	abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc.

	Principal Amount		Value
CORPORATE BONDS (continued)
CHINA (continued)
Shimao Group Holdings Ltd.
6.13%, 02/21/2024(a)(c)(d)(f)	$	4,400,000	$      88,000
5.60%, 07/15/2026(a)(c)(d)(f)		2,800,000	56,000
Shui On Development Holding Ltd., 5.50%, 03/03/2025(a)(c)		2,000,000	1,031,000
Sunac China Holdings Ltd.
5.95%, 04/26/2024(a)(c)(d)(f)		690,000	106,950
6.80%, 10/20/2024(a)(c)(d)(f)		5,714,000	885,670
7.00%, 07/09/2025(a)(c)(d)(f)		1,786,000	276,830
Tencent Holdings Ltd., 3.84%, 04/22/2051(a)(c)		5,200,000	3,191,455
Times China Holdings Ltd., 6.20%, 03/22/2026(a)(c)(d)(f)		7,100,000	142,000
Vanke Real Estate Hong Kong Co. Ltd., 3.50%, 11/12/2029(a)		7,240,000	2,586,491
Wanda Properties Global Co. Ltd., 11.00%, 01/20/2025(a)		2,700,000	785,025
Weibo Corp., 3.38%, 07/08/2030(c)		6,000,000	4,649,338
Yuzhou Group Holdings Co. Ltd., 8.30%, 05/27/2025(a)(c)(d)(f)		7,000,000	411,250
Zhenro Properties Group Ltd.
7.88%, 04/14/2024(a)(c)(d)(f)		4,000,000	6,000
7.10%, 09/10/2024(a)(c)(d)(f)		1,000,000	2,500
6.63%, 01/07/2026(a)(c)(d)(f)		10,457,000	52,285
Zhongsheng Group Holdings Ltd., 3.00%, 01/13/2026(a)(c)		4,156,000	3,797,048
Total China			88,048,947
FRANCE—0.7%
BNP Paribas SA, (fixed rate to 08/14/2028, variable rate thereafter), 8.50%, 08/14/2028(a)(b)		5,240,000	5,020,909
HONG KONG—5.3%
AIA Group Ltd., 5.63%, 10/25/2027(a)(c)		5,000,000	4,996,423
CAS Capital No. 1 Ltd., (fixed rate to 07/12/2026, variable rate thereafter), 4.00%, 07/12/2026(a)(b)		7,000,000	5,519,780
Hongkong Land Finance Cayman Islands Co. Ltd., 5.25%, 07/14/2033(a)(c)		2,500,000	2,281,955
Hutchison Whampoa Finance CI Ltd., 7.50%, 08/01/2027(a)		15,500,000	16,378,725
Hutchison Whampoa International 03/33 Ltd., 7.45%, 11/24/2033(a)		980,000	1,067,861
Melco Resorts Finance Ltd., 5.75%, 07/21/2028(a)(c)		4,500,000	3,800,820
Prudential Funding Asia PLC, (fixed rate to 08/03/2028, variable rate thereafter), 2.95%, 11/03/2033(a)(c)		3,600,000	2,940,516
Total Hong Kong			36,986,080
INDIA—15.5%
Axis Bank Ltd./Gandhinagar, (fixed rate to 09/08/2026, variable rate thereafter), 4.10%, 09/08/2026(a)(b)		10,100,000	8,675,185

	Principal Amount		Value
GMR Hyderabad International Airport Ltd.
5.38%, 04/10/2024(a)	$	4,173,000	$   4,132,564
4.75%, 02/02/2026(a)		1,200,000	1,122,417
Greenko Wind Projects Mauritius Ltd., 5.50%, 04/06/2025(a)(c)		8,206,000	7,791,788
HDFC Bank Ltd.
Series Q003, 7.90%, 08/24/2026	INR	100,000,000	1,194,828
(fixed rate to 08/25/2026, variable rate thereafter), 3.70%, 08/25/2026(a)(b)	$	7,304,000	6,285,354
Series 1, 7.95%, 09/21/2026	INR	750,000,000	8,998,757
ICICI Bank Ltd., 9.15%, 08/06/2024		250,000,000	3,034,816
India Green Power Holdings, 4.00%, 02/22/2027(a)(c)(e)	$	7,072,000	6,055,468
Indiabulls Housing Finance Ltd., 9.00%, 04/29/2026	INR	100,000,000	1,130,718
Indian Railway Finance Corp. Ltd., Series 129, 8.45%, 12/04/2028		50,000,000	619,575
JSW Infrastructure Ltd., 4.95%, 01/21/2029(a)(c)	$	3,420,000	2,926,868
National Highways Authority of India, Series 5, 7.70%, 09/13/2029	INR	150,000,000	1,814,444
NTPC Ltd.
Series 60, 8.05%, 05/05/2026		50,000,000	605,141
Series 61-B, 8.10%, 05/27/2026		250,000,000	3,029,801
Periama Holdings LLC, 5.95%, 04/19/2026(a)	$	3,280,000	3,077,690
Power Finance Corp. Ltd.
Series 125, 8.65%, 12/28/2024	INR	400,000,000	4,842,679
Series 130C, 8.39%, 04/19/2025		250,000,000	3,017,582
6.15%, 12/06/2028(a)	$	7,112,000	7,073,097
Power Grid Corp. of India Ltd.
8.13%, 04/25/2027	INR	150,000,000	1,828,020
Series LIII, 8.13%, 04/25/2028		500,000,000	6,043,803
REC Ltd.
Series 180A, 8.10%, 06/25/2024		150,000,000	1,805,396
Series 123, 9.34%, 08/25/2024		150,000,000	1,820,156
5.63%, 04/11/2028(a)	$	3,443,000	3,348,354
Reliance Industries Ltd., 4.13%, 01/28/2025(a)		4,800,000	4,689,705
Shriram Finance Ltd., 4.40%, 03/13/2024(a)		8,000,000	7,891,200
State of Maharashtra India, 7.20%, 08/09/2027	INR	300,000,000	3,543,471
UPL Corp. Ltd.
4.50%, 03/08/2028(a)	$	1,300,000	1,069,470
4.63%, 06/16/2030(a)		1,327,000	1,048,493
Total India			108,516,840
INDONESIA—3.9%
Bank Mandiri Persero Tbk PT
4.75%, 05/13/2025(a)		2,198,000	2,157,579
5.50%, 04/04/2026(a)		2,216,000	2,190,404
Bank Negara Indonesia Persero Tbk PT, (fixed rate to 03/24/2027, variable rate thereafter), 4.30%, 03/24/2027(a)(b)		1,430,000	1,160,432
Bank Rakyat Indonesia Persero Tbk PT, Series OB, 8.25%, 08/24/2024	IDR	10,000,000,000	635,883
Bank Tabungan Negara Persero Tbk PT, 4.20%, 01/23/2025(a)	$	7,300,000	6,885,262

abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc.

13

	Principal Amount		Value
CORPORATE BONDS (continued)
INDONESIA (continued)
LLPL Capital Pte Ltd., 6.88%, 02/04/2039(a)(e)	$	4,928,175	$ 4,290,740
Medco Oak Tree Pte Ltd., 7.38%, 05/14/2026(a)(c)		4,565,000	4,538,203
Pertamina Geothermal Energy PT, 5.15%, 04/27/2028(a)(c)		2,892,000	2,787,888
Perusahaan Perseroan Persero PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara, 6.15%, 05/21/2048(a)		3,129,000	2,651,827
Total Indonesia			27,298,218
KAZAKHSTAN—0.8%
Development Bank of Kazakhstan JSC, 10.95%, 05/06/2026(a)	KZT	3,265,000,000	5,930,362
KUWAIT—0.5%
MEGlobal Canada ULC, 5.00%, 05/18/2025(a)	$	3,659,000	3,558,377
MACAO—2.3%
MGM China Holdings Ltd., 5.88%, 05/15/2026(a)(c)		3,500,000	3,264,940
Sands China Ltd., 5.65%, 08/08/2028(c)		5,900,000	5,457,854
Studio City Finance Ltd., 5.00%, 01/15/2029(a)(c)		3,500,000	2,512,300
Wynn Macau Ltd., 5.50%, 10/01/2027(a)(c)		6,000,000	5,220,727
Total Macao			16,455,821
MALAYSIA—1.9%
DRB-Hicom Bhd IMTN, 5.10%, 12/12/2029	MYR	5,000,000	1,022,836
Malayan Banking Bhd IMTN, (fixed rate to 09/25/2024, variable rate thereafter), 4.08%, 09/25/2024(b)(f)		5,000,000	1,047,403
Pengerang LNG Two Sdn Bhd
IMTN, 2.86%, 10/20/2028		5,000,000	979,200
IMTN, 2.92%, 10/19/2029		5,000,000	968,129
Petroleum Sarawak Exploration & Production Sdn Bhd IMTN, 4.10%, 03/19/2031		10,000,000	2,053,935
Petronas Capital Ltd., 3.50%, 04/21/2030(a)(c)	$	4,300,000	3,761,473
Press Metal Aluminium Holdings Bhd IMTN, 4.00%, 08/15/2025	MYR	5,000,000	1,045,335
Tenaga Nasional Bhd, 7.50%, 01/15/2096(a)	$	2,700,000	2,362,797
Total Malaysia			13,241,108
PHILIPPINES—3.6%
AC Energy Finance International Ltd., 5.10%, 11/25/2025(a)(b)		6,800,000	5,025,930
Globe Telecom, Inc., (fixed rate to 08/02/2026, variable rate thereafter), 4.20%, 08/02/2026(a)(b)		4,097,000	3,784,751
ICTSI Treasury BV, 5.88%, 09/17/2025(a)		7,000,000	6,982,500

	Principal Amount		Value
Manila Water Co., Inc., 4.38%, 07/30/2030(a)(c)	$	2,600,000	$ 2,276,300
Royal Capital BV, (fixed rate to 05/05/2024, variable rate thereafter), 4.88%, 05/05/2024(a)(b)		7,000,000	6,860,000
Total Philippines			24,929,481
SAUDI ARABIA—0.4%
Saudi Electricity Global Sukuk Co. 3, 5.50%, 04/08/2044(a)		2,976,000	2,663,282
SINGAPORE—2.5%
DBS Group Holdings Ltd.
(fixed rate to 02/27/2025, variable rate thereafter), 3.30%, 02/27/2025(a)(b)		2,300,000	2,180,423
5.48%, 09/12/2025(a)		2,820,000	2,821,956
(fixed rate to 12/11/2023, variable rate thereafter), 4.52%, 12/11/2028(a)(c)		2,400,000	2,395,608
GLP Pte Ltd., (fixed rate to 05/17/2026, variable rate thereafter), 4.50%, 05/17/2026(a)(b)		4,538,000	1,291,288
Oversea-Chinese Banking Corp. Ltd., 4.25%, 06/19/2024(a)		3,900,000	3,856,972
Vena Energy Capital Pte Ltd., 3.13%, 02/26/2025(a)		5,100,000	4,848,068
Total Singapore			17,394,315
SOUTH KOREA—4.1%
Busan Bank Co. Ltd., 3.63%, 07/25/2026(a)		10,100,000	9,273,435
Kookmin Bank, 2.50%, 11/04/2030(a)		2,000,000	1,550,959
Shinhan Bank Co. Ltd., 4.50%, 03/26/2028(a)		5,900,000	5,470,360
SK Hynix, Inc.
2.38%, 01/19/2031(a)		4,000,000	2,936,800
6.50%, 01/17/2033(a)		5,400,000	5,139,801
Tongyang Life Insurance Co. Ltd., (fixed rate to 09/22/2025, variable rate thereafter), 5.25%, 09/22/2025(a)(b)		5,100,000	4,359,480
Total South Korea			28,730,835
THAILAND—1.3%
Bangkok Bank PCL
9.03%, 03/15/2029(a)		1,200,000	1,317,304
(fixed rate to 09/25/2029, variable rate thereafter), 3.73%, 09/25/2034(a)(c)		6,900,000	5,604,401
PTTEP Treasury Center Co. Ltd., 3.90%, 12/06/2059(a)		3,342,000	2,078,206
Total Thailand			8,999,911
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES—2.0%
DP World Ltd., 6.85%, 07/02/2037(a)		2,700,000	2,668,929
Galaxy Pipeline Assets Bidco Ltd., 2.63%, 03/31/2036(a)(e)		7,237,000	5,452,032

14	abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc.

	Principal Amount		Value
CORPORATE BONDS (continued)
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (continued)
MAF Global Securities Ltd.
(fixed rate to 03/20/2026, variable rate thereafter), 6.38%, 03/20/2026(a)(b)	$	5,000,000	$   4,760,088
(fixed rate to 06/30/2027 variable rate thereafter), 7.88%, 06/30/2027(a)(b)		1,500,000	1,476,162
Total United Arab Emirates			14,357,211
UNITED KINGDOM—2.4%
HSBC Holdings PLC, (fixed rate to 03/07/2028, variable rate thereafter), 8.00%, 03/07/2028(b)		5,200,000	5,102,500
Standard Chartered PLC
4.05%, 04/12/2026(a)		5,000,000	4,760,230
(fixed rate to 01/09/2028, variable rate thereafter), 6.30%, 01/09/2029(a)(c)		7,276,000	7,131,669
Total United Kingdom			16,994,399
UNITED STATES—1.4%
Hyundai Capital America, 6.38%, 04/08/2030(a)(c)		5,100,000	5,020,434
Nissan Motor Acceptance Co. LLC, 7.05%, 09/15/2028(a)(c)		4,900,000	4,839,400
Total United States			9,859,834
VIETNAM—0.5%
Mong Duong Finance Holdings BV, 5.13%, 05/07/2029(a)(c)(e)		4,310,000	3,896,240
Total Corporate Bonds			502,131,155
GOVERNMENT BONDS—66.1%
ANGOLA—1.5%
Angolan Government International Bond, 9.50%, 11/12/2025(a)		11,000,000	10,558,944
AUSTRALIA—0.3%
Queensland Treasury Corp., 3.50%, 08/21/2030(a)	AUD	300,000	172,357
Treasury Corp. of Victoria, 2.25%, 11/20/2040		5,000,000	1,860,074
Total Australia			2,032,431
BRAZIL—2.7%
Brazil Notas do Tesouro Nacional
Series NTNF, 10.00%, 01/01/2029	BRL	73,000,000	13,617,443
Serie F Series NTNF, 10.00%, 01/01/2033		30,000,000	5,364,877
Total Brazil			18,982,320
COLOMBIA—1.0%
Colombian TES,Series B, 10.00%, 07/24/2024	COP	28,000,000,000	6,796,361
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC—0.6%
Dominican Republic International Bond, 13.63%, 02/03/2033(a)(c)	DOP	219,950,000	4,381,780
EGYPT—0.7%
Egypt Government International Bond, 7.60%, 03/01/2029(a)	$	8,000,000	4,965,776

	Principal Amount		Value
HONG KONG—0.5%
Airport Authority, 4.88%, 01/12/2033(a)(c)	$	1,350,000	$   1,277,372
Hong Kong Government International Bond, 5.25%, 01/11/2053(a)		1,660,000	1,580,662
Hong Kong Government International Bonds, 5.25%, 01/11/2053(a)		700,000	666,544
Total Hong Kong			3,524,578
INDIA—10.4%
India Government Bond
5.22%, 06/15/2025	INR	533,000,000	6,201,132
6.79%, 05/15/2027		325,000,000	3,835,085
7.17%, 01/08/2028		550,000,000	6,540,610
7.26%, 01/14/2029		1,340,000,000	15,945,851
9.20%, 09/30/2030		9,590,000	125,754
6.19%, 09/16/2034		500,000,000	5,425,514
7.54%, 05/23/2036		721,000,000	8,700,953
7.41%, 12/19/2036		733,000,000	8,719,819
7.40%, 09/19/2062		1,500,000,000	17,559,118
Total India			73,053,836
INDONESIA—19.8%
Indonesia Government International Bond
8.50%, 10/12/2035(a)	$	9,880,000	11,755,230
7.75%, 01/17/2038(a)		6,000,000	6,839,331
5.35%, 02/11/2049		2,670,000	2,346,118
5.65%, 01/11/2053(c)		2,400,000	2,196,647
Indonesia Treasury Bond
Series FR64, 6.13%, 05/15/2028	IDR	271,570,000,000	16,448,577
Series FR71, 9.00%, 03/15/2029		200,000,000,000	13,578,596
Series FR78, 8.25%, 05/15/2029		240,000,000,000	15,818,848
Series FR82, 7.00%, 09/15/2030		65,000,000,000	4,052,506
Series FR87, 6.50%, 02/15/2031		21,000,000,000	1,270,166
Series FR73, 8.75%, 05/15/2031		300,000,000,000	20,481,586
Series FR54, 9.50%, 07/15/2031		16,000,000,000	1,139,282
Series FR96, 7.00%, 02/15/2033		365,606,000,000	22,781,961
Series FR72, 8.25%, 05/15/2036		150,000,000,000	10,155,713
Series FR79, 8.38%, 04/15/2039		98,500,000,000	6,795,477
Series FR83, 7.50%, 04/15/2040		44,000,000,000	2,827,523
Total Indonesia			138,487,561
JORDAN—0.6%
Jordan Government International Bond, 7.75%, 01/15/2028(a)	$	4,102,000	3,902,848
MALAYSIA—4.9%
Malaysia Government Bond
Series 0417, 3.90%, 11/16/2027	MYR	26,550,000	5,587,349
Series 0513, 3.73%, 06/15/2028		17,500,000	3,640,065
Series 0220, 2.63%, 04/15/2031		46,000,000	8,734,309
Series 0519, 3.76%, 05/22/2040		9,793,000	1,886,054
Series 0222, 4.70%, 10/15/2042		16,500,000	3,578,088
Series 0518, 4.92%, 07/06/2048		30,500,000	6,701,117
Series 0120, 4.07%, 06/15/2050		14,800,000	2,861,942
Malaysia Government Investment Issue,Series 0121, 3.45%, 07/15/2036		8,200,000	1,571,622
Total Malaysia			34,560,546

abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc.

15

	Principal Amount		Value
GOVERNMENT BONDS (continued)
MEXICO—3.8%
Mexican Bonos
Series M 20, 10.00%, 12/05/2024	MXN	50,000,000	$ 2,735,371
Series M 20, 8.50%, 05/31/2029		469,000,000	24,169,277
Total Mexico			26,904,648
MONGOLIA—0.4%
Mongolia Government International Bond, 8.65%, 01/19/2028(a)	$	2,400,000	2,377,019
NIGERIA—1.7%
Nigeria Government International Bond, 8.75%, 01/21/2031(a)		14,100,000	12,091,314
PAKISTAN—1.9%
Pakistan Global Sukuk Programme Co. Ltd. (The), 7.95%, 01/31/2029(a)		6,245,000	3,783,970
Pakistan Government International Bond
8.25%, 04/15/2024(a)		7,495,000	6,711,773
8.25%, 09/30/2025(a)		2,709,000	1,923,390
7.38%, 04/08/2031(a)		2,355,000	1,153,950
Total Pakistan			13,573,083
PHILIPPINES—6.1%
Philippine Government Bond
Series 1069, 6.75%, 09/15/2032	PHP	1,118,370,000	19,262,833
Series 25-6, 9.25%, 11/05/2034		435,710,000	8,964,067
Series 25-7, 8.00%, 09/30/2035		260,310,000	5,016,471
Philippine Government International Bond
4.20%, 03/29/2047	$	2,570,000	1,908,696
5.50%, 01/17/2048		5,200,000	4,666,568
Philippines Government Bond,Series 1071, 6.63%, 08/17/2033	PHP	148,140,000	2,506,308
Total Philippines			42,324,943
SOUTH KOREA—7.0%
Export-Import Bank of Korea, 5.13%, 01/11/2033	$	4,884,000	4,679,603
Industrial Bank of Korea, 5.13%, 10/25/2024(a)		2,500,000	2,482,916
Korea Electric Power Corp.
5.38%, 07/31/2026(a)		5,000,000	4,967,962
5.13%, 04/23/2034(a)		5,200,000	4,833,408
Korea Housing Finance Corp., 4.63%, 02/24/2033(a)		5,000,000	4,495,043
Korea Treasury Bond
Series 2709, 3.13%, 09/10/2027	KRW	14,500,000,000	10,365,936
Series 5203, 2.50%, 03/10/2052		31,500,000,000	17,208,024
Total South Korea			49,032,892
UKRAINE—0.7%
Ukraine Government Bond, 15.84%, 02/26/2025(f)	UAH	210,000,000	4,628,099

	Principal Amount		Value
URUGUAY—1.5%
Uruguay Government International Bond, 8.25%, 05/21/2031	UYU	474,024,434	$  10,775,555
Total Government Bonds			462,954,534
SHORT-TERM INVESTMENT—3.4%
State Street Institutional U.S. Government Money Market Fund, Premier Class, 5.30%(g)		24,034,440	24,034,440
Total Short-Term Investment			24,034,440
Total Investments (Cost $1,180,309,195)(h)—141.1%			989,120,129
Long Term Debt Securities			(326,000,000)
Other Assets in Excess of Liabilities—5.4%			37,714,942
Net Assets—100.0%			$700,835,071

    

(a)	Denotes a security issued under Regulation S or Rule 144A.
(b)	Perpetual maturity. Maturity date presented represents the next call date.
(c)	The maturity date presented for these instruments represents the next call/put date.
(d)	Security is in default.
(e)	Sinkable security.
(f)	Illiquid security.
(g)	Registered investment company advised by State Street Global Advisors. The rate shown is the 7 day yield as of October 31, 2023.
(h)	See accompanying Notes to Financial Statements for tax unrealized appreciation/(depreciation) of securities.

    

AUD	Australian Dollar
BRL	Brazilian Real
CNH	Chinese Yuan Renminbi Offshore
CNY	Chinese Yuan Renminbi
COP	Colombian Peso
DOP	Dominican Republic Peso
IDR	Indonesian Rupiah
INR	Indian Rupee
KRW	South Korean Won
KZT	Kazakhstan Tenge
MXN	Mexican Peso
MYR	Malaysian Ringgit
PHP	Philippine Peso
PLC	Public Limited Company
SGD	Singapore Dollar
THB	Thai Baht
UAH	Ukraine Hryvna
USD	U.S. Dollar
UYU	Uruguayan Peso

1.  Organization

abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc. (the “Fund”) was incorporated in Maryland on March 14, 1986 as a closed-end, non-diversified management investment company. The Fund’s principal investment objective is to seek current income. The Fund may also achieve incidental capital appreciation. To achieve its investment objectives, the Fund normally invests at least 80% of its total assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in "Asia-Pacific debt securities,” which include: (1) debt securities of Asia-Pacific Country issuers, including securities issued by Asia-Pacific Country governmental entities, as well as by banks, companies and other entities which are located in Asia-Pacific Countries, whether or not denominated in an Asia-Pacific Country currency; (2) debt securities of other issuers, denominated in, or linked to, the currency of an Asia-Pacific Country, including securities issued by supranational issuers, such as The World Bank and derivative debt securities that replicate, or substitute for, the currency of an Asia-Pacific Country; (3) debt securities issued by entities which, although not located in an Asia-Pacific Country, derive at least 50% of their revenues from Asia-Pacific Countries or have at least 50% of their assets located in Asia-Pacific Countries; and (4) debt securities issued by a wholly-owned subsidiary of an entity located in an Asia-Pacific Country, provided that the debt securities are guaranteed by the parent entity located in the Asia-Pacific Country (the “80% Policy”). With reference to items (3) and (4) above, Asia-Pacific debt securities may be denominated in an Asia-Pacific Country currency or U.S. dollars. “Asia-Pacific Countries” (each, an “Asia-Pacific Country”) means countries included in “Asia” and “Oceania” in the United Nations (“UN”) geographic regions used by the UN Statistics Division. The 80% Policy is fundamental and may not be changed without a vote of shareholders. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objectives. The ability of issuers of debt securities held by the Fund to meet their obligations may be affected by economic developments in a specific industry, country or region.

The maximum exposure to any one “Investment Grade Country” (other than the U.S.) is limited to 25% of the Fund's total assets and the maximum exposure to any one “Non-Investment Grade Country” is limited to 15% of the Fund's total assets. Investment Grade Countries are those countries whose sovereign debt is rated not less than Baa3 by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), BBB- by S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”) or BBB- by Fitch Ratings, Inc. ("Fitch") or comparably rated by another appropriate nationally or internationally recognized ratings agency. Non-Investment Grade Countries are those that are not Investment Grade Countries.

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Fund is an investment company and accordingly follows the investment company accounting and reporting guidance of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting

Standard Codification Topic 946 Financial Services-Investment Companies.

The following is a summary of significant accounting policies followed by the Fund in the preparation of its financial statements. The policies conform to generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States of America. The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of income and expenses for the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The accounting records of the Fund are maintained in U.S. Dollars and the U.S. Dollar is used as both the functional and reporting currency. However, the Australian Dollar is the functional currency for U.S. federal tax purposes.

a.  Security Valuation:

The Fund values its securities at current market value or fair value, consistent with regulatory requirements. "Fair value" is defined in the Fund's Valuation and Liquidity Procedures as the price that could be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between willing market participants without a compulsion to transact at the measurement date. Pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"), the Board designated abrdn Asia Limited (“abrdn Asia” or the “Investment Manager”) as the valuation designee ("Valuation Designee") for the Fund to perform the fair value determinations relating to Fund investments for which market quotations are not readily available or deemed unreliable.

In accordance with the authoritative guidance on fair value measurements and disclosures under U.S. GAAP, the Fund discloses the fair value of its investments using a three-level hierarchy that classifies the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure the fair value. The hierarchy assigns Level 1, the highest level, measurements to valuations based upon unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets, Level 2 measurements to valuations based upon other significant observable inputs, including adjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets, and Level 3, the lowest level, measurements to valuations based upon unobservable inputs that are significant to the valuation. Inputs refer broadly to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk, for example, the risk inherent in a particular valuation technique used to measure fair value including a pricing model and/or the risk inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. Inputs may be observable or unobservable. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, which are based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in

26	abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc.

pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Open-end mutual funds are valued at the respective NAV as reported by such company. The prospectuses for the registered open-end management investment companies in which the Fund invests explain the circumstances under which those companies will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing. Closed-end funds and exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) are valued at the market price of the security at the Valuation Time (defined below). A security using any of these pricing methodologies is generally determined to be a Level 1 investment.

Long-term debt and other fixed-income securities are valued at the last quoted or evaluated bid price on the valuation date provided by an independent pricing service provider. If there are no current day bids, the security is valued at the previously applied bid. Pricing services generally price debt securities assuming orderly transactions of an institutional "round lot" size and the strategies employed by the Investment Manager as Valuation Designee generally trade in round lot sizes. In certain circumstances, some trades may occur in smaller "odd lot" sizes which may be effected at lower or higher prices than institutional round lot trades. Short-term debt securities (such as commercial paper and U.S. treasury bills) having a remaining maturity of 60 days or less are valued at amortized cost, if it represents the best approximation of fair value. Debt and other fixed-income securities are generally determined to be Level 2 investments.

Short-term investments are comprised of cash and cash equivalents invested in short-term investment funds which are redeemable daily. The Fund sweeps available cash into the State Street Institutional U.S. Government Money Market Fund, which has elected to qualify as a “government money market fund” pursuant to Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act and has an objective, which is not guaranteed, to maintain a $1.00 per share NAV. Generally, these investment types are categorized as Level 1 investments.

Derivatives are valued at fair value. Exchange traded derivatives are generally Level 1 investments and over-the-counter and centrally cleared derivatives are generally Level 2 investments. Forward foreign currency contracts are generally valued based on the bid price of the forward rates and the current spot rate. Forward exchange rate quotations are available for scheduled settlement dates, such as 1-, 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-month periods. An interpolated valuation is derived based on the actual settlement dates of the forward contracts held. Futures contracts are valued at the settlement price or at the last bid price if no settlement price is available. Interest rate swaps agreements are generally valued by an approved pricing agent based on the terms of the swap agreement (including future cash flows).

In the event that a security’s market quotations are not readily available or are deemed unreliable (for reasons other than because the foreign exchange on which it trades closes before the Valuation Time), the security is valued at fair value as determined by the Valuation Designee, taking into account the relevant factors and surrounding circumstances using valuation policies and procedures approved by the Board. Under normal circumstances the Valuation Time is as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") (usually 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time). A security that has been fair valued by the Investment Manager may be classified as Level 2 or Level 3 depending on the nature of the inputs.

The three-level hierarchy of inputs is summarized below:

Level 1 - quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical investments;

Level 2 - other significant observable inputs (including valuation factors, quoted prices for similar securities, interest rates, prepayment speeds, and credit risk, etc.); or

Level 3 - significant unobservable inputs (including the Fund’s own assumptions in determining the fair value of investments).

abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc.

27

Restricted securities are privately-placed securities whose resale is restricted under U.S. securities laws. The Fund may invest in restricted securities, including unregistered securities eligible for resale without registration pursuant to Rule 144A and privately-placed securities of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers offered outside the U.S. without registration pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "1933 Act"). Rule 144A securities may be freely traded among certain qualified institutional investors, such as the Fund, but resale of such securities in the U.S. is permitted only in limited circumstances.

c.  Foreign Currency Translation:

Foreign securities, currencies, and other assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. Dollars at the exchange rate of said currencies against the U.S. Dollar, as of the Valuation Time, as provided by an independent pricing service approved by the Board.

Foreign currency amounts are translated into U.S. Dollars on the following basis:

28	abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc.

(i) market value of investment securities, other assets and liabilities – at the current daily rates of exchange at the Valuation Time; and

(ii) purchases and sales of investment securities, income and expenses – at the relevant rates of exchange prevailing on the respective dates of such transactions.

The Fund isolates that portion of the results of operations arising from changes in the foreign exchange rates due to the fluctuations in the market prices of the securities held at the end of the reporting period. Similarly, the Fund isolates the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates from the fluctuations arising from changes in the market prices of portfolio securities sold during the reporting period. The effect of changes in foreign exchange rates from the fluctuations arising from changes in the market prices of portfolio securities sold during the reported period is reported in the accompanying Statement of Cash Flows within the investments sold and principal repayments caption.

Net realized foreign exchange gains or losses represent foreign exchange gains and losses from transactions in foreign currencies and forward foreign currency contracts, exchange gains or losses realized between the trade date and settlement date on security transactions, and the difference between the amounts of interest and dividends recorded on the Fund’s books and the U.S. Dollar equivalent of the amounts actually received.

Foreign security and currency transactions may involve certain considerations and risks not typically associated with those of domestic origin, including unanticipated movements in the value of the foreign currency relative to the U.S. Dollar. Generally, when the U.S. Dollar rises in value against foreign currency, the Fund's investments denominated in that foreign currency will lose value because the foreign currency is worth fewer U.S. Dollars; the opposite effect occurs if the U.S. Dollar falls in relative value.

d.  Derivative Financial Instruments:

The Fund is authorized to use derivatives to manage currency risk, credit risk, and interest rate risk and to replicate, or use as a substitute for, physical securities. Losses may arise due to changes in the value of the contract or if the counterparty does not perform under the contract. The use of derivative instruments involves, to varying degrees, elements of market risk in excess of the amount recognized in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities.

Forward Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts

A forward foreign currency exchange contract ("forward contract") involves an obligation to purchase and sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. Forward contracts are used to manage the Fund's currency exposure in an efficient manner. They are used to sell unwanted currency exposure that comes with holding securities in a

market, or to buy currency exposure where the exposure from holding securities is insufficient to give the desired currency exposure either in absolute terms or relative to a particular benchmark or index. The use of forward contracts allows for the separation of investment decision-making between foreign exchange holdings and their currencies.

The forward contract is marked-to-market daily and the change in market value is recorded by the Fund as unrealized appreciation or depreciation. Forward contracts' prices are received daily from an independent pricing provider. When the forward contract is closed, the Fund records a realized gain or loss equal to the difference between the value at the time it was opened and the value at the time it was closed. These realized and unrealized gains and losses are reported on the Statement of Operations. The Fund could be exposed to risks if the counterparties to the contracts are unable to meet the terms of their contracts or from unanticipated movements in exchange rates. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Fund used forward contracts to hedge its currency exposure.

While the Fund may enter into forward contracts to seek to reduce currency exchange rate risks, transactions in such contracts involve certain risks. The Fund could be exposed to risks if the counterparties to the contracts are unable to meet the terms of their contracts and from unanticipated movements in exchange rates. Thus, while the Fund may benefit from such transactions, unanticipated changes in currency prices may result in a poorer overall performance for the Fund than if it had not engaged in any such transactions. Moreover, there may be an imperfect correlation between the Fund’s portfolio holdings or securities quoted or denominated in a particular currency and forward contracts entered into by the Fund. Such imperfect correlation may prevent the Fund from achieving a complete hedge, which will expose the Fund to the risk of foreign exchange loss.

Forward contracts are subject to the risk that the counterparties to such contracts may default on their obligations. Since a forward foreign currency exchange contract is not guaranteed by an exchange or clearing house, a default on the contract would deprive the Fund of unrealized profits, transaction costs or the benefits of a currency hedge or force the Fund to cover its purchase or sale commitments, if any, at the market price at the time of the default.

Futures Contracts

The Fund may invest in financial futures contracts (“futures contracts”) for the purpose of hedging its existing portfolio securities, or securities that the Fund intends to purchase, against fluctuations in value caused by changes in prevailing market interest rates or prices. Futures contracts may also be entered into for non-hedging purposes, however, in those instances, (a) either the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish the Fund's position may not exceed 5% of the Fund's NAV after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such contract into which it has entered into, or (b) the aggregate net notional value of the Fund’s position may not

abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc.

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exceed 100% of the Fund's NAV after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such contract which it has entered into.

Upon entering into a futures contract, the Fund is required to pledge to the broker an amount of cash and/or other assets equal to a certain percentage of the contract amount. This payment is known as initial margin. Subsequent payments, known as “variation margin,” are calculated each day, depending on the daily fluctuations in the fair value/market value of the underlying assets. An unrealized gain/(loss) equal to the variation margin is recognized on a daily basis. When the contract expires or is closed, the gain/(loss) is realized and is presented in the Statement of Operations as a net realized gain/(loss) on futures contracts. Futures contracts are valued daily at their last quoted sale price on the exchange on which they are traded.

A “sale” of a futures contract means a contractual obligation to deliver the securities or foreign currency called for by the contract at a fixed price at a specified time in the future. A “purchase” of a futures contract means a contractual obligation to acquire the securities or foreign currency at a fixed price at a specified time in the future. 

There are significant risks associated with the Fund's use of futures contracts, including the following: (1) the success of a hedging strategy may depend on the ability of the Fund's investment manager and/or sub-adviser to predict movements in the prices of individual securities, fluctuations in markets and movements in interest rates; (2) there may be an imperfect or no correlation between the movement in the price of futures contracts, interest rates and the value/market value of the securities held by the Fund; (3) there may not be a liquid secondary market for a futures contract; (4) trading restrictions or limitations may be imposed by an exchange; and (5) government regulations may restrict trading in futures contracts. In addition, should market conditions change unexpectedly, the Fund may not achieve the anticipated benefits of the futures contracts and may realize a loss.

During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Fund used U.S. Treasury futures to efficiently manage U.S. interest rate exposure and hedge the U.S. interest rate risk.

Swaps

A swap is an agreement that obligates two parties to exchange a series of cash flows and/or meet certain obligations at specified intervals based upon or calculated by reference to changes in specified prices or rates (interest rates in the case of interest rate swaps, currency exchange rates in the case of currency swaps) or the occurrence of a credit event with respect to an underlying reference obligation (in the case of a credit default swap) for a specified amount of an underlying asset or notional principal amount. The Fund will enter into swaps only on a net basis, which means that the two payment streams are netted out, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the amount of the difference between the two payments. Except for currency swaps and credit default swaps, the notional principal

amount is used solely to calculate the payment streams but is not exchanged. With respect to currency swaps, actual principal amounts of currencies may be exchanged by the counterparties at the initiation, and again upon the termination of the transaction.

Traditionally, swaps were customized, privately negotiated agreements executed between two parties (“OTC Swaps”) but since 2013, certain swaps are required to be cleared pursuant to rules and regulations related to the Dodd – Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd Frank”) and/or Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 on OTC Derivatives, Central Counterparties and Trade Repositories (“EMIR”) (“Cleared Swaps”). Like OTC Swaps, Cleared Swaps are negotiated bilaterally. Unlike OTC Swaps, the act of clearing results in two swaps executed between each of the parties and a central counterparty (“CCP”), and thus the counterparty credit exposure of the parties is to the CCP rather than to one another. Upon entering into a Cleared Swap, the Fund is required to pledge an amount of cash and/or other assets equal to a certain percentage of the contract amount. This payment is known as “initial margin”. Subsequent payments, known as “variation margin,” are calculated each day, depending on the daily fluctuations in the fair value/market value of the underlying assets. An unrealized gain/(loss) equal to the variation margin is recognized on a daily basis. When the contract matures or is terminated, the gain or loss is realized and is presented in the Statements of Operations as a net realized gain or loss on swap contracts. The margin requirements associated with OTC Swaps and Cleared Swaps may not be the same.

Entering into swap agreements involves, to varying degrees, elements of credit, market and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts reported on the Statement of Assets and Liabilities. Such risks involve the possibility that there will be no liquid market for these agreements, that the counterparty to the agreements may default on its obligation to perform and that there may be unfavorable changes in the value of the index or securities underlying the agreement. The Fund's maximum risk of loss from counterparty risk related to swaps is the fair value of the contract. This risk is mitigated by the posting of collateral by the counterparties to the Fund to cover the Fund's exposure to the counterparty.

Interest Rate Swaps

The Fund may use interest rate swap contracts to manage its exposure to interest rates. Interest rate swap contracts typically represent the exchange between the Fund and a counterparty of respective commitments to make variable rate and fixed rate payments with respect to a notional amount of principal. Interest rate swap contracts may have a term that is greater than one year, but typically require periodic interim settlement in cash, at which time the specified value of the variable interest rate is reset for the next settlement period. Net payments of interest are recorded as realized gains or losses. During

30	abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc.

Information about derivatives reflected as of the date of this report is generally indicative of the type of activity during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023. The table below summarizes the weighted average values of derivatives holdings for the Fund during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023.

Derivative	Average Notional Value
Long Futures Contracts	$94,257,647
Short Futures Contracts	$(82,825,862)
Swap Contracts at Notional Amount	$86,375,000
Foreign Currency Contracts Purchased	$150,990,906
Foreign Currency Contracts Sold	$100,411,967

e.  Bank Loans:

The Fund may invest in bank loans. Bank loans include floating and fixed-rate debt obligations. Floating rate loans are debt obligations issued by companies or other entities with floating interest rates that reset periodically. Bank loans may include, but are not limited to, term loans, delayed funding loans, bridge loans and revolving credit facilities. Loan interest will primarily take the form of assignments purchased in the primary or secondary market but may include participations. Floating rate loans are secured by specific collateral of the borrower and are senior to most other securities of the borrower (e.g., common stock or debt instruments) in the event of bankruptcy. Floating rate loans are often issued in connection with recapitalizations, acquisitions, leveraged buyouts, and refinancings. Floating rate loans are typically structured and administered by a financial institution that acts as the agent of the lenders participating in the floating rate loan. Floating rate loans may be acquired directly through the agent, as an assignment from another lender who holds a direct interest in the floating rate loan, or as a participation interest in another lender’s portion of the floating rate loan.

The Fund may also enter into, or acquire participations in, delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities. Delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities are borrowings in which the Fund agrees to make loans up to a maximum amount upon demand by the borrowing issuer for a specified term. A revolving credit facility differs from a delayed funding loan in that as the borrowing issuer repays the loan, an amount equal to the repayment is again made available to the borrowing issuer under the facility. The borrowing issuer may at any time borrow and repay amounts so long as, in the aggregate, at any given time the amount borrowed does not exceed the maximum amount established by the loan agreement. Delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities usually provide for floating or variable rates of interest.

See “Bank Loan Risk” under “Portfolio Investment Risks” for information regarding the risks associated with an investment in bank loans.

f.  Security Transactions, Investment Income and Expenses:

Security transactions are recorded on the trade date. Realized and unrealized gains/(losses) from security and foreign currency transactions are calculated on the identified cost basis. Interest income and expenses are recorded on an accrual basis. Discounts and premiums on securities purchased are accreted or amortized on an effective yield basis over the estimated lives of the respective securities.

g.  Distributions:

The Fund has a managed distribution policy to pay distributions from net investment income supplemented by net realized foreign exchange gains, net realized short-term capital gains, net realized long-term capital gains and return of capital distributions, if necessary, on a monthly basis. The managed distribution policy is subject to regular review by the Board. The Fund will also declare and pay distributions at least annually from net realized gains on investment transactions and net realized foreign exchange gains, if any. Dividends and distributions to shareholders are recorded on the ex-dividend date. Dividends and distributions to shareholders are determined in accordance with federal income tax regulations, which may differ from GAAP.

Distributions to Series A MRPS shareholders were accrued daily and paid quarterly based on an annual rate of 4.125%. The Fund was not able to pay distributions to its preferred shareholders unless (i) the pro forma asset coverage ratios for the Series A MRPS, as calculated in accordance with the Fitch total and net overcollateralization tests per the 'A' rating guidelines outlined in Fitch's closed-end fund criteria, is in excess of 100%, and (ii) the Fund's asset coverage ratios for the Series A MRPS, as calculated in accordance with the 1940 Act, is in excess of 225%. The character of distributions to Series A MRPS shareholders made during the fiscal year may differ from their ultimate characterization for federal income tax purposes. For tax purposes, the Fund's distributions to Series A MRPS shareholders for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023 were 100% net investment income.

h.  Federal Income Taxes:

For U.S. federal income purposes, the Fund includes a separately identifiable unit called a Qualified Business Unit (“QBU”) (see Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”) section 987). The Fund has operated with a QBU for U.S. federal income purposes since 1990. The home office of the Fund is designated as the United States and of the QBU is Australia with a functional currency of Australian dollar. The securities held within the Fund reside within either the QBU or the home office. Australian dollar denominated securities within the Australian QBU generate capital gain/loss (which are translated for U.S. federal income tax purposes into U.S. Dollars based on the weighted average exchange rate for the period) but not currency gain/loss. If a non AUD denominated security were to sit in the AUD

abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc.

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QBU and was sold, the sale would generate capital gain/loss as well as currency gain/loss based on the currency exchange between the currency the security is denominated in and the Australian dollar.

Currency gain/loss related to currency exchange between the U.S. Dollar and the QBU functional currency is generated when money is transferred from a QBU to the home office. The currency gain/loss would result from the difference between the current exchange rate and the fiscal year to date average exchange rate until which profits are repatriated to U.S. Dollar basis in the QBU (which is generally computed based on the currency exchange rates from when money was transferred into such QBU and from gain/losses generated within such QBU based on the weighted average exchange rates for the periods such gain/loss was recognized). Based on the QBU structure, there may be sizable differences in the currency gain/loss recognized for U.S. federal income tax purposes and what is reported within the financial statements under GAAP. As of the Fund’s fiscal year-end, the calculation of the composition of distributions to shareholders is finalized and reported in the Fund’s annual report to shareholders. As of October 31, 2023, the Fund has terminated its QBU structure.

The Fund intends to continue to qualify as a “regulated investment company” by complying with the provisions available to certain investment companies, as defined in Subchapter M of the Code, and to make distributions of net investment income and net realized capital gains sufficient to relieve the Fund from all federal income taxes. Therefore, no federal income tax provision is required. The Fund recognizes the tax benefits of uncertain tax positions only where the position is "more likely than not" to be sustained assuming examination by tax authorities. Management of the Fund has concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions that would require recognition in the financial statements. Since tax authorities can examine previously filed tax returns, the Fund's U.S. federal and state tax returns for each of the most recent four fiscal years up to the most recent fiscal year ended October 31, 2023 are subject to such review.

i.  Foreign Withholding Tax:

Dividend and interest income from non-U.S. sources received by the Fund are generally subject to non-U.S. withholding taxes. In addition, the Fund may be subject to capital gains tax in certain countries in which it invests. The above taxes may be reduced or eliminated under the terms of applicable U.S. income tax treaties with some of these countries. The Fund accrues such taxes when the related income is earned.

In addition, when the Fund sells securities within certain countries in which it invests, the capital gains realized may be subject to tax. Based on these market requirements and as required under GAAP, the Fund accrues deferred capital gains tax on securities currently held that have unrealized appreciation within these countries. The amount of

deferred capital gains tax accrued, if any,  is reported on the Statement of Assets and Liabilities.

j.  Cash Flow Information:

The Fund invests in securities and distributes dividends from net investment income and net realized gains on investment and currency transactions which are paid in cash or are reinvested at the discretion of shareholders. These activities are reported in the Statements of Changes in Net Assets and additional information on cash receipts and cash payments is presented in the Statement of Cash Flows. Cash includes domestic and foreign currency as well as cash in segregated accounts for financial futures, swaps, and forward contracts which has been designated as collateral.

3.  Agreements and Transactions with Affiliates

a.  Investment Manager, Investment Sub-Adviser, and Fund Administration:

abrdn Asia serves as Investment Manager to the Fund, pursuant to a management agreement. abrdn Investments Limited (the "Sub-Adviser") serves as the sub-adviser pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement with the Investment Manager. The Investment Manager and the Sub-Adviser (collectively, the “Advisers”) are wholly-owned indirect subsidiaries of abrdn plc. In rendering advisory services, the Advisers may use the resources of investment advisor subsidiaries of abrdn plc. These affiliates have entered into procedures pursuant to which investment professionals from affiliates may render portfolio management and research services as associated persons of the Advisers.

The Investment Manager manages the Fund’s investments and makes investment decisions on behalf of the Fund including the selection of and the placement of orders with brokers and dealers to execute portfolio transactions on behalf of the Fund. The Sub-Adviser manages the portion of the Fund’s assets that the Investment Manager allocates to it. The Sub-Adviser is paid by the Investment Manager, not the Fund.

The management agreement provides the Investment Manager with a fee, payable monthly by the Fund, at the following annual rates: 0.65% of the Fund’s average weekly Managed Assets up to $200 million, 0.60% of Managed Assets between $200 million and $500 million, 0.55% of Managed Assets between $500 million and $900 million, 0.50% of Managed Assets between $900 million and $1.75 billion and 0.45% of Managed Assets in excess of $1.75 billion. Managed Assets is defined in the management agreement to mean total assets of the Fund, including any form of investment leverage, minus all accrued expenses incurred in the normal course of operations, but not excluding any liabilities or obligations attributable to investment leverage obtained through (i) indebtedness of any type (including, without limitation, borrowing through a credit facility or the issuance of debt securities), (ii) the issuance of preferred stock or

34	abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc.

other similar preference securities, (iii) the reinvestment of collateral received for securities loaned in accordance with the Fund’s investment objectives and policies, and/or (iv) any other means.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Fund paid the Investment Manager $6,430,763.

abrdn Inc., an affiliate of the Investment Manager and Sub-Adviser, is the Fund’s Administrator pursuant to an agreement under which abrdn Inc. receives a fee payable monthly by the Fund, at an annual fee rate of 0.125% of the Fund’s average weekly Managed Assets up to $1 billion, 0.10% of the Fund’s average weekly Managed Assets between $1 billion and $2 billion, and 0.075% of the Fund’s average weekly Managed Assets in excess of $2 billion. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, abrdn Inc. earned $1,376,153 from the Fund for administration fees.

b.  Investor Relations:

Under the terms of the Investor Relations Services Agreement, abrdn Inc. provides and/or engages third parties to provide investor relations services to the Fund and certain other funds advised by abrdn Asia or its affiliates as part of an Investor Relations Program. Under the Investor Relations Services Agreement, the Fund owes a portion of the fees related to the Investor Relations Program (the "Fund's Portion"). However, investor relations services fees are limited by abrdn Inc. so that the Fund will only pay up to an annual rate of 0.05% of the Fund's average weekly net assets. Any difference between the capped rate of 0.05% of the Fund's average weekly net assets and the Fund's Portion is paid for by abrdn Inc.

During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Fund incurred investor relations fees of approximately $237,657. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, abrdn Inc. did not bear any portion of to the investor relations fees for the Fund because the Fund’s contribution was below 0.05% of the Fund’s average weekly net assets on an annual basis.

4.  Investment Transactions

Purchases and sales of investment securities (excluding short-term securities) for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, were $220,716,521 and $329,519,515, respectively.

5.  Capital

The authorized capital of the Fund is 400 million shares of $0.01 par value per share of common stock. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Fund repurchased no shares pursuant to its Open Market Repurchase Program, see Note 6 for further information. As of October 31, 2023, there were 247,695,769 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.

6.  Open Market Repurchase Program

The Board approved an open market repurchase and discount management policy (the “Program”). The Program allows the Fund to purchase, in the open market, its outstanding common stock, with the amount and timing of any repurchase determined at the discretion of the Investment Manager. Such purchases may be made opportunistically at certain discounts to NAV per share in the reasonable judgment of management based on historical discount levels and current market conditions.

On a quarterly basis, the Board will receive information on any transactions made pursuant to this Program during the prior quarter and management will post the number of shares repurchased on the Fund’s website on a monthly basis. Under the terms of the Program, the Fund is permitted to repurchase up to 10% of its outstanding shares of common stock in the open market during any 12 month period.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Fund did not repurchase any shares through this program.

7.  Preferred Shares

On June 25, 2023 the Fund’s 2,000,000 shares of Series A MRPS, rated ‘A’ by Fitch, outstanding with an aggregate liquidation preference of $50,000,000 ($25 per share) matured.

Holders of the Series A MRPS were entitled to receive quarterly cumulative cash dividend payments on the first business day following each calendar quarter at an annual fixed rate of 4.125% until maturity. The Series A MRPS were issued in private placement offerings to institutional investors and are not listed on any exchange or automated quotation system. Distributions were accrued daily and paid quarterly. For the twelve-month period ended October 31, 2023, the Fund paid $1,340,625 in distributions to preferred shareholders.

The Series A MRPS ranked senior to all the Fund’s outstanding shares of common stock and on a parity with shares of any other series of preferred stock as to the payment of dividends to which the shares were entitled and the distribution of assets upon dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Fund.

8.  Senior Secured Notes

At October 31, 2023, the Fund had $250,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of senior secured notes rated ‘A’ by Fitch outstanding ($50,000,000 in 3.87% Series C Senior Secured Notes due February 8, 2032, $100,000,000 in 3.70% Series D Senior Secured Notes due August 10, 2032 and $100,000,000 in 3.73% Series E Senior Secured Notes due June 19, 2034) (collectively, the “Notes”). The Notes are secured obligations of the Fund and, upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Fund, will rank senior to all unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness and senior to any common or preferred

abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc.

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stock pari passu in priority and security with all other secured indebtedness. Holders of the Notes are entitled to receive cash interest payments semi-annually until maturity. The Series C Notes, the Series D Notes and the Series E Notes accrue interest at annual fixed rates of 3.87%, 3.70% and 3.73%, respectively.

The Notes were issued in private placement offerings to institutional investors and are not listed on any exchange or automated quotation system.

The estimated fair value of each series of fixed-rate Notes was calculated, for disclosure purposes, by discounting future cash flows by

a rate equal to the current U.S. Treasury rate with an equivalent maturity date, plus either 1) the spread between the interest rate on recently issued debt and the U.S. Treasury rate with a similar maturity date or 2) if there has not been a recent debt issuance, the spread between the AAA corporate finance debt rate and the U.S. Treasury rate with an equivalent maturity date. The following table shows the maturity date, interest rate, notional/carrying amount and estimated fair value for each series of Notes outstanding at October 31, 2023.

Series	Maturity Date	Interest Rate	Notional/ Carrying Amount	Estimated Fair Value
Series C	February 8, 2032	3.87%	$50,000,000	$41,942,053
Series D	August 10, 2032	3.70%	$100,000,000	$81,888,657
Series E	June 19, 2034	3.73%	$100,000,000	$79,543,875

9.  Credit Facility

On August 1, 2023, the Fund executed an amendment and assignment of the $100,000,000 senior secured revolving credit loan facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) with a syndicate of banks with The Bank of Nova Scotia, acting as administrative agent. On June 25, 2023, the Fund's $50,000,000 in Series A MRPS matured  and the Fund drew-down $35,000,000 on its revolving credit facility. During the period, the Fund also Fund paid down $24,000,000 on its revolving credit facility. At October 31, 2023, the Fund had $76,000,000 outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility. Under the terms of the Revolving Credit Facility and the Agreement and applicable regulations, the Fund is required to maintain certain asset coverage ratios for the amount of its outstanding borrowings.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the average interest rate on the Revolving Credit Facility was 6.18% and the average balance of the Revolving Credit Facility was $69,369,863.

The Revolving Credit Facility has a term of one year and is not a perpetual form of leverage; there can be no assurance that the Revolving Credit Facility will be available for renewal on acceptable terms, if at all. Bank loan fees and expenses included in the Statement of Operations include fees for the renewal of the Revolving Credit Facility as well as commitment fees for any portion of the loan facility not drawn upon at any time during the period.

10.  Risks of Leveraged Capital Structure

The Fund may use leverage to the maximum extent permitted by the 1940 Act, which permits leverage to exceed 33 1/3% of the Fund’s total assets (including the amount obtained through leverage) in certain market conditions.

The amounts borrowed under the Revolving Credit Facility and the Notes, may be invested to return higher rates than the rates pursuant to which interests or dividends are paid under such forms of leverage. However, the cost of leverage could exceed the income earned by the Fund on the proceeds of such leverage. To the extent that the Fund is unable to invest the proceeds from the use of leverage in assets which pay interest at a rate which exceeds the rate paid on the leverage, the yield on the Fund’s common stock will decrease. In addition, in the event of a general market decline in the value of assets in which the Fund invests, the effect of that decline will be magnified in the Fund because of the additional assets purchased with the proceeds of the leverage.

The Fund’s leveraged capital structure creates special risks not associated with unleveraged funds having similar investment objectives and policies. The funds borrowed pursuant to the Revolving Credit Facility and the Notes may constitute a substantial lien and burden by reason of their prior claim against the income of the Fund and against the net assets of the Fund in liquidation. The Fund is limited in its ability to declare dividends or other distributions under the terms of the various forms of leverage. In the event of an event of default under the Revolving Credit Facility, the lenders have the right to cause a liquidation of the collateral (i.e., sell portfolio securities and other assets of the Fund) and, if any such default is not cured, the lenders may be able to control the liquidation as well. In the event of an event of default under the Note Purchase Agreement, the holders of the Notes have the right to cause a liquidation of the collateral (i.e., sell portfolio securities and other assets of the Fund). A liquidation of the Fund’s collateral assets in an event of default, or a voluntary paydown of the Revolving Credit Facility, the Notes in order to avoid

36	abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc.

an event of default, would typically involve administrative expenses and sometimes penalties. Additionally, such liquidations often involve selling off of portions of the Fund’s assets at inopportune times which can result in losses when markets are unfavorable.

Each of the Revolving Credit Facility Agreement, and the Note Purchase Agreement includes usual and customary covenants for the applicable type of transaction. These covenants impose on the Fund asset coverage requirements, Fund composition requirements and limits on certain investments, such as illiquid investments, which are more stringent than those imposed on the Fund by the 1940 Act. The covenants or guidelines could impede the Investment Manager or Sub-Adviser from fully managing the Fund’s portfolio in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and policies. Furthermore, non-compliance with such covenants or the occurrence of other events could lead to the cancellation of any and/or all of the forms of leverage. As of October 31, 2023, the Fund was in compliance with all covenants under the agreements relating to the various forms of leverage.

During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, the Fund incurred fees of approximately $403,207 for the Revolving Credit Facility and Notes.

11.  Portfolio Investment Risks

a.  Bank Loan Risk:

There are a number of risks associated with an investment in bank loans including credit risk, interest rate risk, illiquid securities risk, and prepayment risk. There is also the possibility that the collateral securing a loan, if any, may be difficult to liquidate or be insufficient to cover the amount owed under the loan. These risks could cause the Fund to lose income or principal on a particular investment, which in turn could affect the Fund’s returns. In addition, bank loans may settle on a delayed basis, resulting in the proceeds from the sale of such loans not being readily available to make additional investments or distributions. To the extent the extended settlement process gives rise to short-term liquidity needs, the Fund may hold additional cash, sell investments or temporarily borrow from banks or other lenders.

b.  Credit and Market Risk:

A debt instrument’s price depends, in part, on the credit quality of the issuer, borrower, counterparty, or underlying collateral and can decline in response to changes in the financial condition of the issuer, borrower, counterparty, or underlying collateral, or changes in specific or general market, economic, industry, political, regulatory, geopolitical, or other conditions. Funds that invest in high yield and emerging market instruments are subject to certain additional credit and market risks. The yields of high yield and emerging market debt obligations reflect, among other things, perceived credit risk. The Fund's investments in securities rated below investment grade

typically involve risks not associated with higher rated securities including, among others, greater risk of not receiving timely and/or ultimate payment of interest and principal, greater market price volatility, and less liquid secondary market trading. Economic, financial or political events, trading and tariff arrangements, war, terrorism, natural disasters, public health issues like pandemics or epidemics, and other circumstances in one country or region could have profound impacts on global economies or markets. 

c.  Focus Risk:

The Fund may have elements of risk not typically associated with investments in the United States due to focused investments in a limited number of countries or regions subject to foreign securities or currency risks. Such focused investments may subject the Fund to additional risks resulting from political or economic conditions in such countries or regions and the possible imposition of adverse governmental laws or currency exchange restrictions could cause the securities and their markets to be less liquid and their prices to be more volatile than those of comparable U.S. securities.

d.  High-Yield Bonds and Other Lower-Rated Securities Risk:

The Fund’s investments in high-yield bonds (commonly referred to as “junk bonds”) and other lower-rated securities will subject the Fund to substantial risk of loss. Investments in high-yield bonds are speculative and issuers of these securities are generally considered to be less financially secure and less able to repay interest and principal than issuers of investment-grade securities. Prices of high-yield bonds tend to be very volatile. These securities are less liquid than investment-grade debt securities and may be difficult to price or sell, particularly in times of negative sentiment toward high-yield securities.

e.  Interest Rate Risk:

The prices of fixed income securities respond to economic developments, particularly interest rate changes, as well as to perceptions about the creditworthiness of individual issuers, including governments. Generally, the Fund's fixed income securities will decrease in value if interest rates rise and vice versa, and the volatility of lower-rated securities is even greater than that of higher-rated securities. Also, longer-term securities are generally more volatile, so the average maturity or duration of these securities affects risk.

The Fund may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates due to a changing interest rate environment and the effect of potential government fiscal and monetary policy initiatives and resulting market reaction to those initiatives. Changes in interest rates or a lack of market participants may lead to decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the fixed-income or debt markets, making it more difficult for the Fund to sell its holdings.

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f.  Risk Associated with Foreign Securities and Currencies:

Investments in securities of foreign issuers carry certain risks not ordinarily associated with investments in securities of U.S. issuers. These risks include future political and economic developments, and the possible imposition of exchange controls or other foreign governmental laws and restrictions. In addition, with respect to certain countries, there is the possibility of expropriation of assets, confiscatory taxation, and political or social instability or diplomatic developments, which could adversely affect investments in those countries. Foreign securities may also be harder to price than U.S. securities.

Certain countries also may impose substantial restrictions on investments in their capital markets by foreign entities, including restrictions on investments in issuers of industries deemed sensitive to relevant national interests. These factors may limit the investment opportunities available and result in a lack of liquidity and high price volatility with respect to securities of issuers from developing countries.

The value of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. Dollar fluctuates in response to market, economic, political, regulatory, geopolitical or other conditions. A decline in the value of a foreign currency versus the U.S. Dollar reduces the value in U.S. Dollars of investments denominated in that foreign currency. This risk may impact the Fund more greatly to the extent the Fund does not hedge its currency risk, or hedging techniques used by the Advisers are unsuccessful.

g.  Russia/Ukraine Risk:

In February 2022, Russia commenced a military attack on Ukraine. The outbreak of hostilities between the two countries and the threat of wider spread hostilities could have a severe adverse effect on the region and global economies, including significant negative impacts on the markets for certain securities and commodities, such as oil and natural gas. In addition, sanctions imposed on Russia by the United States and other countries, and any sanctions imposed in the future, could have a significant adverse impact on the Russian economy and related markets. The price and liquidity of investments may fluctuate widely as a result of the conflict and related events. This armed conflict is still ongoing as of the date of this report. How long the armed conflict and related events will last cannot be predicted. These tensions and any related events could have a significant impact on Fund performance and the value of the Fund's investments.

12.  Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Fund may provide general indemnifications pursuant to certain contracts and organizational documents. The Fund's maximum exposure under these arrangements is dependent on future claims that may be made against the Fund, and therefore, cannot be estimated; however, the Fund expects the risk of loss from such claims to be remote.

13.  Tax Information

The U.S. federal income tax basis of the Fund's investments (including derivatives, if applicable) and the net unrealized depreciation as of October 31, 2023, were as follows:

Tax Cost of Securities	Unrealized Appreciation	Unrealized Depreciation	Net Unrealized Appreciation/ (Depreciation)
$1,180,916,241	$13,779,462	$(199,362,868)	$(185,583,406)

The tax character of distributions paid during the fiscal years ended October 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022 was as follows:

	October 31, 2023	October 31, 2022
Distributions paid from:
Ordinary Income	$37,925,162	$22,362,158
Return of Capital	43,814,463	59,377,467
Total tax character of distributions	$81,739,625	$81,739,625

GAAP requires that certain components of net assets be adjusted to reflect permanent differences between financial and tax reporting. Accordingly, the table below details the necessary reclassifications, which are a result of permanent differences primarily attributable to the closure of the QBU structure. 

Paid-in Capital	Distributable Earnings/ (Accumulated Loss)
$(3,094,820)	$3,094,820

14.  Subsequent Events

Management has evaluated the need for disclosures and/or adjustments resulting from subsequent events through the date the financial statements were issued. Based on this evaluation, no disclosures and/or adjustments were required to the financial statements as of October 31, 2023, other than as noted below.

On November 9, 2023 and December 11, 2023, the Fund announced that it will pay on November 30, 2023 and January 10, 2024, respectively, a distribution of U.S. $0.0275 per share to all shareholders of record as of November 22, 2023 and December 29, 2023, respectively. 

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RECENT CHANGES

The following information is a summary of certain changes during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023. This information may not reflect all of the changes that have occurred since you purchased the Fund.

During the applicable period, there have been: (i) no material changes to the Fund’s investment objectives and policies that constitute its principal portfolio emphasis that have not been approved by shareholders, (ii) no material changes to the Fund’s principal risks, (iii) no changes to the persons primarily responsible for day-to-day management of the Fund; and (iv) no changes to the Fund’s charter or by-laws that would delay or prevent a change of control that have not been approved by shareholders; except as follows:

Changes to Persons Primarily Responsible for Day-to-Day Management of the Fund

The Fund is managed by Asia-Pacific fixed income team, which also draws on the expertise of abrdn's fixed income team globally. The Asia-Pacific fixed income team works in a collaborative fashion; all team members have both portfolio management and research responsibilities. The team is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.

Effective September 30, 2023, Mark Baker ceased serving as one of the portfolio managers having primary responsibility for the day-to-day management of the Fund's portfolio. Effective September 30, 2023, Henry Loh was added as a portfolio manager of the Fund, joining the team of Kenneth Akintewe. Tai Li-Yan, and Adam McCabe.

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES, STRATEGIES AND POLICIES

The Fund’s principal investment objective is to seek current income. The Fund may also achieve incidental capital appreciation. The Fund’s investment objective is fundamental and may not be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Common Stock and the Preferred Stock, voting together as a single class, as well as by the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund’s Preferred Stock voting as a separate class without regard to series. A majority vote, as defined by the 1940 Act, means the affirmative vote of the lesser of (i) 67% of the relevant shares represented at a meeting at which more than 50% of such shares are represented, or (ii) more than 50% of the relevant shares.

Fundamental Investment Policies

To achieve its investment objective, the Fund normally invests at least 80% of its total assets, plus the amount of any  borrowings for investment purposes in “Asia-Pacific debt securities,” which include: (1) debt securities of Asia-Pacific Country issuers, including securities issued by Asia-Pacific Country governmental entities, as well as by banks, companies and other entities which are located in

Asia-Pacific Countries, whether or not denominated in an Asia-Pacific Country currency; (2) debt securities of other issuers, denominated in, or linked to, the currency of an Asia-Pacific Country, including securities issued by supranational issuers, such as The World Bank and derivative debt securities that replicate, or substitute for, the currency of an Asia-Pacific Country; (3) debt securities issued by entities which, although not located in an Asia-Pacific Country, derive at least 50% of their revenues from Asia-Pacific Countries or have at least 50% of their assets located in Asia-Pacific Countries; and (4) debt securities issued by a wholly-owned subsidiary of an entity located in an Asia-Pacific Country, provided that the debt securities are guaranteed by the parent entity located in the Asia-Pacific Country. With reference to items (3) and (4) above, Asia-Pacific debt securities may be denominated in an Asia- Pacific Country currency or U.S. dollars.

“Asia-Pacific Countries” (each, an “Asia-Pacific Country”) means countries included in “Asia” and “Oceania” in the United Nations (“UN”) geographic regions used by the UN Statistics Division.

Non-Fundamental Investment Policies

The Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in the debt securities of any one country other than the U.S. or an Asia-Pacific Country (“Other Country” debt securities). The maximum exposure to any one Other Country currency (excluding U.S. dollars) is limited to 10% of the Fund’s total assets.

The maximum exposure to any one Investment Grade Country (other than the U.S.) is limited to 25% of the Fund’s total assets and the maximum exposure to any one Non-Investment Grade Country is limited to 15% of total assets. Investment Grade Countries are those countries whose sovereign debt is rated not less than Baa3 by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), BBB- by S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”) or BBB- by Fitch or comparably rated by another appropriate nationally or internationally recognized ratings agency. Non-Investment Grade Countries are those that are not Investment Grade Countries.

The maximum currency exposure to any one Investment Grade Country currency (other than U.S. currency) is limited to 25% of the Fund’s total assets, the maximum currency exposure to any one Non- Investment Grade Country currency is limited to 15% of total assets.

During periods when, in the Investment Manager’s judgment, economic conditions warrant a temporary defensive investment policy, the Fund may temporarily invest up to 100% of its assets in U.S. cash and debt securities.

In order to accommodate investment in Asia-Pacific markets, the Fund may invest up to 35% of its total assets in Asia-Pacific debt securities rated below BBB- by S&P, Baa3 by Moody’s or BBB- by Fitch (also known as “junk bonds”), or judged by the Investment Manager to be below investment grade at the time of investment, provided

44	abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc.

that, with the approval of the Fund’s Board, the ratings of other recognized rating services may be used. The Fund may invest up to 35% of its total assets in Asia-Pacific debt securities which may be deemed to be illiquid.

The Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in securities rated by S&P, Moody’s, Fitch, or judged by the Investment Manager to be, below B- at the time of investment, provided that, with the approval of the Fund’s Board of Directors, the ratings of other recognized ratings services may be used.

The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with banks and broker-dealers pursuant to which the Fund may acquire a security for a relatively short period (usually no more than a week) subject to the obligations of the seller to repurchase and the Fund to resell such security at a fixed time and price. The Fund will enter into repurchase agreements only with parties who meet creditworthiness standards approved by the Fund’s Board, i.e., banks or broker-dealers which have been determined by the Fund’s Investment Manager to present no serious risk of becoming involved in bankruptcy proceedings within the period contemplated by the repurchase transaction.

A maximum of 20% of the Fund’s total assets in Asia-Pacific debt securities can be denominated in any combination of Yen, Euro and British pound.

The Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in secondary market bank loans, and up to an additional 10% of its total assets in convertible securities and other hybrid securities, and up to an additional 10% of its total assets in asset-backed securities.

The Fund currently utilizes and in the future expects to continue to utilize leverage through borrowings or through other transactions, such as reverse repurchase agreements, which have the effect of leverage. The Fund may also utilize leverage through the issuance of debt securities or preferred stock. The 1940 Act generally prohibits the Fund from engaging in most forms of leverage representing indebtedness other than preferred shares unless immediately after such incurrence the Fund's total assets less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities (for these purposes, "total net assets") is at least 300% of the aggregate senior securities representing indebtedness (i.e., the use of leverage through senior securities representing indebtedness may not exceed 33 1/3% of the Fund's total net assets (including the proceeds from leverage)). Additionally, under the 1940 Act, the Fund generally may not declare any dividend or other distribution upon any class of its capital shares, or purchase any such capital shares, unless at the time of such declaration or purchase, this asset coverage test is satisfied. The Fund generally will not utilize leverage if it anticipates that the Fund’s leveraged capital structure would result in a lower return to shareholders than that obtainable over time with an unleveraged capital structure. Use of leverage creates an opportunity for increased

income and capital appreciation for shareholders but, at the same time, creates special risks, and there can be no assurance that a leveraging strategy will be successful during any period in which it is employed.

Consistent with its investment objective, the Fund may invest in a broad array of financial instruments and securities in which the value of the instrument or security is “derived” from the performance of an underlying asset or a “benchmark” such as a security index, an interest rate or a foreign currency (“derivatives”). The Fund may use derivatives to manage currency risk, credit risk and interest rate risk and to replicate or as a substitute for physical securities. The Fund may use interest rate swaps to hedge the Fund’s liability with respect to its leverage. There is no limit on the amount of interest rate swap transactions that may be entered into by the Fund. Derivative debt securities that replicate, or substitute for, the currency of a particular country will be counted toward the limitations applicable with respect to issuers in that country. The Fund may invest in over-the-counter or exchange traded derivatives. The Fund may invest in derivatives up to the limits allowed under the 1940 Act. The following guidelines apply with respect to the Fund’s derivative investments:

1.	The Fund will only use counterparty institutions rated A- or better by recognized international rating agencies for all over the counter (“OTC”) derivatives transactions.

2.	A maximum of 20% of the Fund’s total assets may have exposure to currency-linked notes.

3.	A maximum of 10% of the Fund’s total assets may be at risk to any single counterparty (aggregate interest rate, currency and credit derivatives).

4.	Exchange-traded derivatives may only be traded on regulated derivative exchanges and a maximum of 35% of the Fund’s total assets may have exposure to exchange-traded derivatives.

5.	A maximum of 20% of the Fund’s total assets may have exposure to derivatives traded on the Chicago Board of Trade.

The Fund may invest in securities issued by investment companies registered as such under the 1940 Act and unregistered, private funds (each, an “acquired company”), subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act (which are to be applied immediately after the acquisition of such securities).

As a non-diversified company, there is no investment restriction on the percentage of the Fund’s assets that may be invested at any time in the securities of any issuer. However, the Fund intends to limit its investments in the securities of any issuer, except for securities issued or guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest by Asia-Pacific Country or Other Country governmental entities, to 5% of its total assets at the time of purchase. The Fund intends to invest in a variety

abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc.

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of debt securities, with differing issuers, maturities and interest rates, and to comply with the diversification and other requirements of the Code applicable to regulated investment companies so that the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes on its net investment income. The average U.S. dollar weighted maturity of the Fund’s portfolio is not expected to exceed 10 years.

INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The principal types of debt securities in which the Fund is permitted to invest include those described below. The list is not exclusive, but is indicative of the kinds of securities which the Fund’s investment objective, policies and restrictions permit it to buy.

Debt Securities

Local Currency Sovereign and Quasi-Sovereign Bonds. The Fund is permitted to invest in securities issued or guaranteed by governmental entities, including sovereign and quasi-sovereign entities, whether or not denominated in the currency of the country where such entity is located. The available maturities for these types of securities vary from country to country.

Commercial Banks. The Fund may also invest in securities issued by banks, whether or not denominated in the currency of the country where such bank is located.

U.S. Dollar-Denominated Debt Securities. The Fund is also permitted to invest in U.S. dollar-denominated debt securities in order to gain exposure to certain foreign debt markets without exposing the Fund to local currency risk. Such debt securities may be issued by issuers in developed markets, investment grade developing or emerging markets, or sub-investment grade developing or emerging markets and may be issued and/or registered in the United States. U.S. dollar-denominated debt securities are subject to credit risk relating primarily to the issuer of the bond and liquidity risk relating to the maintenance of a sufficiently liquid market for the specific security. Such securities are also affected by movements in U.S. interest rates.

External Debt. The Fund may invest in external debt obligations, which are often longer maturity (up to 30 years) securities, registered in London or globally, that are generally issued in U.S. dollars, but are increasingly issued in euros and occasionally in yen. External debt is typically issued in bearer form, carry a fixed or floating rate of interest, and amortize principal through a bullet payment with semi-annual interest payments in the currency in which the bond is issued.

Supranational Debt Obligations. The Fund may invest in debt issued by supranational entities. Supranational entities are entities constituted by the national governments of several countries to promote economic development, such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the European Investment Bank and the Asian Development Bank. Obligations of these entities are supported by

appropriated but unpaid commitments of their member countries, and there can be no assurances that these commitments will be undertaken or met in the future.

Companies. The Fund is permitted to invest in publicly-traded notes and debentures or bills of exchange issued or guaranteed as to the payment of principal and interest by companies domiciled in a developed market, an investment grade developing or emerging market or a sub-investment grade developing or emerging market.

U.S. Securities

Government. The Fund is permitted to invest in U.S. government securities, including obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities, some of which are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury (such as direct passthrough certificates of the Government National Mortgage Association), some of which are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. government (such as obligations of Federal Home Loan Banks), and some of which are backed only by the credit of the issuer itself. Government obligations do not generally involve the credit risks associated with other types of interest bearing securities, although, as a result, the yields available from U.S. government obligations are generally lower than the yields available from corporate interest bearing securities. Like other interest bearing securities, however, the value of Government obligations changes as interest rates fluctuate.

Corporations and Banks. The Fund is permitted to invest for defensive and other temporary purposes in U.S. corporate debt instruments rated at the time of investment Aa or better by Moody’s or AA or better by S&P, finance company and corporate commercial paper, and other short-term obligations, in each case rated at the time of investment Prime-2 or better by Moody’s or A-2 or better by S&P. The Fund is also permitted to invest in obligations of U.S. Federal or state chartered banks and bank holding companies rated at the time of investment Aa or better by Moody’s or AA or better by S&P (including certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and other short-term obligations).

Bank Loans

The Fund may acquire privately held loans from banks, insurance companies, financial institutions, or other lenders, as well as claims held by trade or other creditors, and may originate these types of loans. The bank loans in which the Fund invests may be structured and administered by a third party that acts as agent for a group of lenders that make or hold interests in the loan. The Fund may acquire interests in such loans by taking an assignment of all or a portion of a direct interest in a loan previously held by another institution or by acquiring a participation in an interest in a loan that continues to be held by another institution.

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Convertible Securities

Convertible securities include bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks and other securities that entitle the holder to acquire common stock or other equity securities of the same or a different issuer. Convertible securities have general characteristics similar to both debt and equity securities. A convertible security generally entitles the holder to receive interest or preferred dividends paid or accrued until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Before conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar to non-convertible debt obligations. Convertible securities rank senior to common stock in a corporation’s capital structure and, therefore, generally entail less risk than the corporation’s common stock, although the extent to which such risk is reduced depends in large measure upon the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a debt obligation. A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a predetermined price. If a convertible security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund would be required to permit the issuer to redeem the security and convert it to underlying common stock, or would sell the convertible security to a third party, which may have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. The price of a convertible security often reflects variations in the price of the underlying common stock in a way that non-convertible debt may not. The value of a convertible security is a function of (i) its yield in comparison to the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion privilege and (ii) its worth if converted into the underlying common stock.

Asset-Backed Securities

Asset-backed securities are a form of structured debt obligation. Asset-backed securities are payment claims that are securitized in the form of negotiable paper that is issued by a financing company (generally called a special purpose vehicle). Collateral assets brought into a pool according to specific diversification rules. A special purpose vehicle is founded for the purpose of securitizing these payment claims and the assets of the special purpose vehicle are the diversified pool of collateral assets. The special purpose vehicle issues marketable securities which are intended to represent a lower level or risk than an underlying collateral asset individually, due to the diversification in the pool. The redemption of the securities issued by the special purpose vehicle takes place out of the cash flow generated by the collected assets. A special purpose vehicle may issue multiple securities with different priorities to the cash flows generated and the collateral assets. The collateral for asset-backed securities may include home equity loans, automobile and credit card receivables, boat loans, computer leases, airplane leases, mobile home loans, recreational vehicle loans and hospital account receivables. The Fund may invest in these and other types of asset-backed securities that

may be developed in the future. There is the possibility that recoveries on the underlying collateral may not, in some cases, be available to support payments on these securities.

Derivatives

With respect to all of its portfolio, the Fund will invest in derivatives for two main purposes: (1) to modify interest rate risk, modify credit risk and adjust currency risk within the portfolio, and (2) to enable the Fund to replicate or substitute for a particular security in order to gain access to a particular foreign market or security, where either the physical security is judged by the Advisers to be too expensive, or the Advisers believe there is an insufficient supply of the particular security or no security fitting the precise needs of the Fund exists. The types of derivatives which may be used include, but are not limited to, futures, options, forwards, forwards that can only be settled in U.S. dollars, swaps, and securities with structured cash flows, whether traded on an exchange or over-the-counter, that have as their underlying security reference to a fixed income security or currency. In general, derivatives will not be utilized to leverage the Fund; however, the Board has authorized the use of reverse repurchase agreements as a form of leverage.

Investment in fixed income securities may at certain times be more efficiently achieved using derivative securities to replicate physical securities. These types of derivatives carry identical market price risks to the equivalent physical securities but provide a number of transactional benefits. For example, by using derivatives, the Fund may be able to implement investment decisions at lower costs, increase the after-tax yield, obtain prices that are not available in the underlying cash market, or settle in U.S. dollars. In less developed markets, liquidity and credit quality can be enhanced and transaction costs reduced by using derivatives rather than the underlying securities. In certain circumstances, due to lack of available direct investment opportunity or government regulations, the only means of gaining exposure to particular countries is through derivatives.

The derivatives used for adjusting currency exposures or replicating underlying securities are usually over-the-counter (“OTC”) securities. OTC securities carry credit risk associated with the counterparty institution. See "Risk Factors - Derivatives Risk." To manage this risk, the Fund will only use counterparty institutions rated A- or better by a recognized international rating agency. Up to 10% of total assets may be put at risk in derivatives transactions with any single counterparty (aggregate interest rate, credit and currency derivatives exposure). A maximum of 20% of total assets may be at risk in currency-linked notes.

The types of derivatives used by the Fund and the techniques employed may change over time as new derivatives and strategies are developed or regulatory changes occur. The Fund will not use

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derivatives where it would contravene the guidelines set by the lending banks for the Fund’s bank loan.

Derivatives may be used to hedge the interest rate risk associated with the Fund's outstanding leverage. The Fund may use interest rate swaps to hedge the Fund's liability with respect to its bank loan. At present, the Fund has been authorized by its Board to hedge up to 100% of the Fund's liability with respect to its bank loan. See "Investment Securities – Derivatives – Swaps" and "Risk Factors Derivatives Risk." The following guidelines apply with respect to the Fund's derivative instruments:

•

The Fund will only use counterparty institutions rated A- or better by recognized international rating agencies, except with respect to Korean futures. In Korea, brokerage houses with Korean futures exchanges require deposits into margin accounts, and in many cases, these accounts are with unrated entities.

•	A maximum of 20% of the Fund’s total assets may have exposure to currency-linked notes.

•	A maximum of 10% of the Fund’s total assets may be at risk to any single counterparty (aggregate interest rate, currency and credit derivatives).

•	Exchange-traded derivatives may only be traded on regulated derivative exchanges and a maximum of 35% of the Fund’s total assets may have exposure to exchange-traded derivatives.

•	The Fund’s maximum gross exposure (long plus short positions) to derivatives traded on the Sydney Futures Exchange is 20% of its total assets and the maximum net exposure (long positions minus short positions) to derivatives traded on the Sydney Futures Exchange is 15% of the Fund’s total assets.

•	A maximum of 20% of the Fund’s total assets may have exposure to derivatives traded on the Chicago Board of Trade.

Forward Currency Contracts. The Fund may enter into forward currency contracts. A forward currency contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract.

The cost to the Fund of engaging in forward currency contracts will vary with factors such as the length of the contract period and the market conditions then prevailing. Because forward currency contracts are usually conducted on a principal basis, no fees or commissions are involved, although the price charged in the transaction includes a dealer’s markup. The use of forward currency contracts in this manner is intended to fix a rate of exchange that can be achieved at a certain time in the future.

Futures Contracts. The Fund may enter into futures contracts in U.S. domestic markets or on exchanges located outside the United States for both hedging and non-hedging purposes. Foreign markets may offer advantages such as trading opportunities or arbitrage possibilities not available in the United States. Foreign markets, however, may have greater risk potential than domestic markets. For

example, some foreign exchanges are principal markets so that no common clearing facility exists and an investor may look only to the broker for performance of the contract. In addition, any profits the Fund might realize in trading could be eliminated by adverse changes in the exchange rate, or the Fund could incur losses as a result of those changes. Transactions on foreign exchanges may include both underlying assets which are traded on U.S. commodities exchanges and those which are not. Unlike trading on U.S. exchanges, trading on foreign commodities exchanges is not regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”).

Engaging in these transactions involves risk of loss to the Fund which could adversely affect the value of the Fund’s net assets. No assurance can be given that a liquid market will exist for any particular futures contract at any particular time. Many futures exchanges and boards of trade limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond that limit or trading may be suspended for specified periods during the trading day. Futures contract prices could move to the limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and potentially subjecting the Fund to substantial losses.

Successful use of futures by the Fund also is subject to the Advisers’ ability to predict correctly movements in the direction of the relevant market, and, to the extent the transaction is entered into for hedging purposes, to ascertain the appropriate correlation between the transaction being hedged and the price movements of the futures contract.

The Fund also may purchase and write options to buy or sell those futures contracts in which it may invest. Such investment strategies will be used for hedging purposes and for non-hedging purposes, subject to applicable law. An option on a futures contract provides the holder with the right to enter into a “long” position in the underlying futures contract, in the case of a call option, or a “short” position in the underlying futures contract, in the case of a put option, at a fixed exercise price up to a stated expiration date or, in the case of certain options, on such date. Upon exercise of the option by the holder, the contract market clearinghouse establishes a corresponding short position for the writer of the option, in the case of a call option, or a corresponding long position in the case of a put option. In the event that an option is exercised, the parties will be subject to all the risks associated with the trading of futures contracts, such as payment of initial and variation margin deposits. In addition, the writer of an option on a futures contract, unlike the holder, is subject to initial and variation margin requirements on the option position.

A position in an option on a futures contract may be terminated by the purchaser or seller prior to expiration by effecting an offsetting

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purchase or sale transaction, subject to the continued availability of a liquid secondary market, which is the purchase or sale of an option of the same type (i.e., the same exercise price and expiration date) as the option previously purchased or sold. The difference between the premiums paid and received represents the Fund’s profit or loss on the transaction. Options on futures contracts that are written or purchased by the Fund on U.S. exchanges are traded on the same contract market as the underlying futures contract, and, like futures contracts, are subject to regulation by the CFTC and the performance guarantee of the exchange clearinghouse.

The Investment Manager has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) pursuant to Rule 4.5 under the CEA with respect to the Fund. The Investment Manager is not, therefore, subject to registration or regulation as a “commodity pool operator” under the CEA in respect of the Fund.

Swaps. The Fund may enter into interest rate swaps, currency swaps, credit default swaps and other types of available swap agreements, including swaps on securities, financial assets and indices, and related types of derivatives, such as caps, collars and floors. A swap is an agreement between two parties pursuant to which each party agrees to make one or more payments to the other on regularly scheduled dates over a stated term, based on different interest rates, currency exchange rates, security or financial asset prices, the prices or rates of other types of financial instruments or assets or the levels of specified indices. Under a typical swap, one party may agree to pay a fixed rate or a floating rate determined by reference to a specified instrument, rate or index, multiplied in each case by a specified amount (the “notional amount”), while the other party agrees to pay an amount equal to a different floating rate multiplied by the same notional amount. On each payment date, the obligations of parties are netted, with only the net amount paid by one party to the other. All swap agreements entered into by the Fund with the same counterparty are generally governed by a single master agreement, which provides for the netting of all amounts owed by the parties under the agreement upon the occurrence of an event of default, thereby reducing the credit risk to which such party is exposed.

Swap agreements are typically individually negotiated and structured to provide exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors. Swap agreements may be entered into for hedging or non-hedging purposes and, therefore, may increase or decrease the Fund’s exposure to the underlying instrument, rate, asset or index. Swap agreements can take many different forms and are known by a variety of names. The Fund is not limited to any particular form or variety of swap agreement if the Advisers determine that it is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies.

Private Placements

Certain debt securities purchased by the Fund may have been placed privately. These securities are somewhat less liquid than securities which are widely traded by the public and there may be contractual restrictions on their resale to the public. Therefore, although these securities may be resold in privately negotiated transactions, the prices realized from such sales may be less than what might have been realized on a more active public trading market.

Other Investment Companies

Subject to the limitations set forth in Section 12(d) of the 1940 Act, the Fund may invest in securities issued by other investment companies that invest primarily in fixed-income securities. As a shareholder of another investment company, the Fund will bear its pro rata portion of the other investment company’s expenses, including advisory fees. These expenses would be in addition to the expenses, including advisory fees, that the Fund bears in connection with its own operations.

Repurchase and Securities Lending Agreements

The Fund is permitted to invest in repurchase agreements with banks and broker-dealers. A repurchase agreement is a contract under which the Fund acquires a security for a relatively short period (usually no more than one week) subject to the obligations of the seller to repurchase and the Fund to resell such security at a fixed time and price (representing the Fund’s cost plus interest). The Investment Manager monitors the value of such securities daily to determine that the value equals or exceeds the repurchase price. Under the 1940 Act, repurchase agreements are considered to be loans made by the Fund which are collateralized by the securities subject to repurchase. Repurchase agreements may involve risks in the event of default or insolvency of the seller, including possible delays or restrictions upon the Fund’s ability to dispose of the underlying securities. The Fund will enter into repurchase agreements only with parties who meet creditworthiness standards approved by the Fund's Board, i.e., banks or broker-dealers which have been determined by the Investment Manager to present no serious risk of becoming involved in bankruptcy proceedings within the time frame contemplated by the repurchase transaction.

The Fund may also lend to banks and broker-dealers portfolio securities with an aggregate market value of up to one-third of its total assets when it deems advisable. Any such loans must be secured by collateral (consisting of any combination of cash, U.S. Government securities, irrevocable letters of credit or other high-quality debt securities) in an amount at least equal (on a daily marked-to-market basis) to the current market value of the securities loaned. The Fund may terminate the loans at any time and obtain the return of the securities. The Fund will continue to receive any interest or dividends paid on the loaned securities and will continue to have voting rights

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with respect to the securities. In connection with the lending of its portfolio securities, the Fund is exposed to the risk of delay in recovery of the securities loaned or possible loss of right in the collateral should the borrower become insolvent.

Issuers of irrevocable letters of credit used as collateral for securities lending agreements must meet the same or similar standards.

Firm Commitment Agreements and When-Issued Securities

The Fund may purchase debt securities on a firm commitment or when-issued basis. New issues of certain debt securities are often offered on a when-issued basis; that is, the payment obligation and the interest rate are fixed at the time the buyer enters into the commitment, but delivery and payment for the securities normally take place after the date of the commitment to purchase. Firm commitment agreements call for the purchase of securities at an agreed-upon price on a specified future date. The transactions are entered into in order to secure what is considered to be an advantageous price and yield to the Fund and not for purposes of leveraging the Fund’s assets. The Fund will not earn any income on these securities prior to delivery. The value of when-issued securities and firm commitment agreements may vary prior to and after delivery depending on market conditions and changes in interest rate levels. There is a risk that a party with whom the Fund has entered into such transactions will not perform its commitment, which could result in a gain or loss to the Fund.

RISK FACTORS

The Fund is a non-diversified, closed-end investment company designed primarily as a long-term investment vehicle and not as a trading tool. The Fund invests primarily in a portfolio of fixed income securities. An investment in the Fund's Common Shares may be speculative and involves a high degree of risk. The Fund should not be considered a complete investment program. Due to the uncertainty in all investments, there can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. The value of an investment in the Fund's Common Shares could decline substantially and cause you to lose some or all of your investment. Before investing in the Fund's Common Shares you should consider carefully the following principal risks of investing in the Fund.

Management Risk

The Fund's ability to achieve its investment objective is directly related to the Advisers' investment strategies for the Fund. The value of your investment in the Fund's Common Shares may vary with the effectiveness of the research and analysis conducted by the Advisers and their ability to identify and take advantage of attractive investment opportunities. If the investment strategies of the Advisers do not produce the expected results, the value of your investment could be diminished or even lost entirely, and the Fund could

underperform the market or other funds with similar investment objectives. Additionally, there can be no assurance that all of the personnel of the Advisers will continue to be associated with the Advisers for any length of time. The loss of the services of one or more key employees of the Advisers could have an adverse impact on the Fund's ability to realize its investment objective.

Investment and Market Risk

An investment in the Fund's Shares is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount that you invest. Your investment in Shares represents an indirect investment in the securities owned by the Fund. The value of these securities, like other market investments, may move up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably, and these fluctuations are likely to have a greater impact on the value of the Shares during periods in which the Fund utilizes a leveraged capital structure. If the current global economic downturn continues into a prolonged recession or deteriorates further, the ability of issuers of the corporate fixed-income securities and other securities in which the Fund invests to service their obligations could be materially and adversely affected. The value of the securities in which the Fund invests will affect the value of the Shares. Your Shares at any point in time may be worth less than your original investment, even after taking into account the reinvestment of Fund dividends and distributions.

Country/Regional Focus Risk and Asian-Pacific Region Risk

Parts of the Asian-Pacific region may be subject to a greater degree of economic, political and social instability than is the case in the United States and Europe. Some Asian-Pacific countries can be characterized as emerging markets or newly industrialized and may experience more volatile economic cycles than developed countries. The developing nature of securities markets in many countries in the Asian-Pacific region may lead to a lack of liquidity while some countries have restricted the flow of money in and out of the country. Some countries in Asia-Pacific have historically experienced political uncertainty, corruption, military intervention and social unrest.

Additionally, the Fund may be more volatile than a fund which is broadly diversified geographically. Focusing on a single geographical region involves increased currency, political, regulatory and other risks. Market swings in the targeted country or geographical region, such as the Asia-Pacific region, likely will have a greater effect on portfolio performance than they would in a more geographically diversified fixed income fund.

China Risk. In addition to the risks discussed under “Developing and Emerging Markets Risk,” as well as the risks described under “Foreign Securities Risk,” investing in China presents additional risks. Concentrating investments in China and Hong Kong may make the Fund significantly more volatile than geographically diverse mutual

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funds. Additional risks associated with investments in China and Hong Kong include exposure to currency fluctuations, less liquidity, expropriation, confiscatory taxation, nationalization, exchange control regulations (including currency blockage) and differing legal standards. Any spread of an infectious illness, public health threat or similar issue could reduce consumer demand or economic output, result in market closures, travel restrictions or quarantines, and generally have a significant impact on the Chinese economy, which in turn could adversely affect the Fund’s investments.

Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation and interest rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of China or Hong Kong. The Chinese government could, at any time, alter or discontinue economic reform programs implemented since 1978. Military conflicts, either in response to internal social unrest or conflicts with other countries, are an ever present consideration.

An economic downturn in China or geopolitical tensions involving China could adversely impact investments in Chinese or Chinese-related issuers because, among other possibilities, certain Chinese issuers may be sanctioned by the U.S. government in the event of a geopolitical tension.

The adoption or continuation of protectionist trade policies by one or more countries (including the U.S.) could lead to decreased demand for Chinese products and have an adverse effect on the Chinese securities markets. In particular, the current political climate has intensified concerns about a potential trade war between China and the United States, as each country has imposed, and may in the future impose additional, tariffs on the other country’s products. These actions may trigger a significant reduction in international trade, the oversupply of certain manufactured goods, substantial price reductions of goods and possible failure of individual companies and/or large segments of China’s export industry, which could have a negative impact on the Fund’s performance. Certain securities are, or may in the future become, restricted, and the Fund may be forced to sell such restricted securities and incur a loss as a result. U.S. companies that source material and goods from China and those that make large amounts of sales in China would be particularly vulnerable to an escalation of trade tensions. Uncertainty regarding the outcome of the trade tensions and the potential for a trade war could cause the U.S. dollar to decline against safe haven currencies, such as the Japanese yen and the euro. Events such as these and their consequences are difficult to predict and it is unclear whether further tariffs may be imposed or other escalating actions may be taken in the future.

Chinese authorities may intervene in the China securities market and halt or suspend trading of securities for short or even longer periods of time. The China securities market has, at times, experienced

considerable volatility and has historically been subject to relatively frequent and extensive trading halts and suspensions. These trading halts and suspensions have, among other things, contributed to uncertainty in the markets and reduced the liquidity of the securities subject to such trading halts and suspensions, which could include securities held by the Fund.

The Fund may gain exposure to companies based or operated in China by investing through legal structures known as variable interest entities (VIEs). Instead of directly owning the equity securities of a Chinese company, a VIE enters into service and other contracts with the Chinese company. Although the VIE has no equity ownership of the Chinese company, the contractual arrangements permit the VIE to consolidate the Chinese company into its financial statements. The Chinese government could intervene with respect to VIEs, which could significantly affect the Chinese company’s performance and the enforceability of the VIE’s contractual arrangement with the Chinese company.

Exposure to China may be gained through investments in securities that are economically tied to China or, in some cases, through direct investment in China securities.

China Interbank Bond Market. To the extent permitted by its principal investment strategies, the Fund may transact in the China Interbank Bond Market (“CIBM”) when buying or selling portfolio securities for the Fund. The China bond market is made up of the CIBM and the exchange listed bond market. The CIBM was established in 1997 and was limited to domestic participants, but access to the market has since been expanded to foreign institutional investors. To the extent permissible by the relevant regulations or authorities, the Fund may invest in the CIBM through CIBM Direct or Bond Connect. Under the CIBM Direct regime, foreign institutional investors have direct access to bonds traded on the CIBM, subject to the relevant rules established by the People's Bank of China (“PBOC”) (“CIBM Direct Rules”). An onshore trading and settlement agent shall be engaged to make the filing on behalf of the relevant Fund and conduct trading and settlement agency services for the Fund. PBOC will exercise on-going supervision on the onshore settlement agent and the Fund's trading under the CIBM Direct Rules and may take relevant administrative actions such as suspension of trading and mandatory exit against the Fund and/or abrdn Asia Limited in the event of any incompliance with the CIBM Direct Rules. The CIBM Direct Rules are relatively new and are still subject to continuous evolvement, which may adversely affect the Fund's capability to invest in the CIBM.

Bond Connect is a trading and settlement link program developed by the PBOC and the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (“HKMA”) with a view to establish mutual bond market access between the PRC and Hong Kong. Trading through Bond Connect is subject to a number of restrictions that may affect a Fund's investments and returns.

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Investments made through Bond Connect are subject to order, clearance and settlement procedures that are relatively untested in the PRC, which could pose risks to a Fund. A Fund's investments in securities via Bond Connect are generally subject to Chinese securities regulations and listing rules, among other restrictions. Such securities may lose their eligibility at any time, in which case they could be sold but could no longer be purchased through Bond Connect. The Bond Connect program is a relatively new program and may be subject to further interpretation and guidance.

Market volatility and potential lack of liquidity due to low trading volume of certain debt securities may result in prices of debt securities traded on such market fluctuating significantly. The bid and offer spreads of the prices of the PRC bonds may be large, and if a Fund transacts in the CIBM, it may therefore incur significant trading and realization costs and may even suffer losses when selling such investments. To the extent that a Fund transacts in the CIBM, it may also be exposed to risks associated with settlement procedures and default of counterparties. The CIBM is also subject to regulatory risks. Due to irregularities in the CIBM trading activities, the China Government Securities Depository Trust & Clearing Co. (the central clearing entity) suspended new account opening on the CIBM for specific types of products. Although funds classified as mutual funds offered to the public were not affected, there is no assurance that future regulatory actions will not affect such funds. If accounts are suspended, or cannot be opened, the Fund's ability to invest in the CIBM will be limited and the Funds may suffer losses as a result.

Investment in Hong Kong issuers may subject the Fund to legal, regulatory, and political risks, specific to Hong Kong. Hong Kong is closely tied to China, economically and politically, following the UK's 1997 handover of the former colony to China to be governed as a Special Administrative Region. Changes to Hong Kong's legal, financial, and monetary system could negatively impact its economic prospects. Hong Kong's evolving relationship with the central government in Beijing has been a source of political unrest and may result in economic disruption. By treaty, China has committed to preserve Hong Kong's high degree of autonomy in certain matters until 2047. However, as demonstrated by Hong Kong protests in recent years over political, economic, and legal freedoms, and the Chinese government's response to them, there continues to exist political uncertainty within Hong Kong. For example, in June 2020 China adopted a new security law that severely limits freedom of speech in Hong Kong and expands police powers to seize electronic devices and intercept communications of suspects. Widespread protests were held in Hong Kong in response to the new law, and the United States imposed sanctions on certain Hong Kong officials for cracking down on pro-democracy protests. There is no guarantee that additional protests will not arise in the future or whether the United States will respond to such protests with additional sanctions.

Further, any changes in the Chinese economy, trade regulations, or control over Hong Kong may have an adverse impact on Hong Kong's economy and thereby impact the Fund.

India Risk. The value of the Fund’s assets may be adversely affected by political, economic, social and religious factors, changes in Indian law or regulations and the status of India’s relations with other countries. In addition, the economy of India may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as the rate of growth of gross domestic product, the rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position. The Indian government has exercised and continues to exercise significant influence over many aspects of the economy, and the number of public sector enterprises in India is substantial. Accordingly, Indian government actions in the future could have a significant effect on the Indian economy, which could affect private sector companies and the Fund, market conditions, and prices and yields of securities in the Fund’s portfolio. Economic growth in India is constrained by inadequate infrastructure, a cumbersome bureaucracy, corruption, labor market rigidities, regulatory and foreign investment controls, the “reservation” of key products for small-scale industries and high fiscal deficits. Changes in economic policies, or lack of movement toward economic liberalization, could negatively affect the general business and economic conditions in India, which could in turn affect the Fund’s investments. The securities market in India is substantially smaller, less liquid and significantly more volatile than the securities market in the United States. The relatively small market capitalizations of, and trading values on, Indian stock exchanges may cause the Fund’s investments in securities listed on these exchanges to be comparatively less liquid and subject to greater price volatility than comparable U.S. investments.

Indonesia Risk. The limited liquidity of the Indonesian and other foreign securities markets may also affect the Fund’s ability to acquire or dispose of securities at a price and time that it wishes to do so. Accordingly, in periods of rising market prices, the Fund may be unable to participate in such price increases fully to the extent that it is unable to acquire desired portfolio positions quickly; conversely the Fund’s inability to dispose fully and promptly of positions in declining markets will cause its net asset value to decline as the value of unsold positions is marked to lower prices.

The Indonesian securities market is an emerging market characterized by a small number of company listings, high price volatility and a relatively illiquid secondary trading environment. These factors, coupled with restrictions on investment by foreigners and other factors, limit the supply of securities available for investment by the Fund. This will affect the rate at which the Fund is able to invest in Indonesian and other foreign securities, the purchase and sale prices for such securities and the timing of purchases and sales.

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Leverage Risk

The Fund generally seeks to enhance its total returns through the use of leverage. The Fund currently utilizes and in the future expects to continue to utilize leverage through borrowings (including through the issuance of debt securities) and through the issuance of preferred stock. The Fund may seek to enhance returns through other transactions, such as reverse repurchase agreements, which have the effect of leverage. The Fund is currently leveraged through a revolving loan facility, senior secured notes and preferred stock.

With respect to asset coverage for preferred shares, under the 1940 Act, the Fund is not permitted to issue preferred shares unless immediately after such issuance the value of the Fund's total net assets (as defined below) is at least 200% of the liquidation value of the outstanding preferred shares and the newly issued preferred shares plus the aggregate amount of any senior securities of the Fund representing indebtedness (i.e., such liquidation value plus the aggregate amount of senior securities representing indebtedness may not exceed 50% of the Fund's total net assets). In addition, the Fund is not permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its Common Shares unless, at the time of such declaration, the value of the Fund's total net assets (determined after deducting the amount of such dividend or other distribution) satisfies the above-referenced 200% coverage requirement.

The 1940 Act generally prohibits the Fund from engaging in most forms of leverage representing indebtedness other than preferred shares unless immediately after such incurrence the Fund's total assets less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities (for these purposes, "total net assets") is at least 300% of the aggregate senior securities representing indebtedness (i.e., the use of leverage through senior securities representing indebtedness may not exceed 33 1/3% of the Fund's total net assets (including the proceeds from leverage)). Additionally, under the 1940 Act, the Fund generally may not declare any dividend or other distribution upon any class of its capital shares, or purchase any such capital shares, unless at the time of such declaration or purchase, this asset coverage test is satisfied.

The Fund may also enter into certain transactions that create leverage, such as reverse repurchase agreements, which are not subject to the asset coverage requirements set out above.

The Fund seeks a leverage ratio, based on a variety of factors including market conditions and the Advisers' market outlook, where the rate of return, net of applicable Fund expenses, on the Fund's investment portfolio investments purchased with leverage exceeds the costs associated with such leverage.

The Fund may engage in additional borrowings in order to maintain the Fund's desired leverage ratio. Leverage creates a greater risk of loss, as well as a potential for more gain, for the common stock than if

leverage were not used. Interest on borrowings may be at a fixed or floating rate, and the interest at a floating rate generally will be based on short-term rates. The costs associated with the Fund's use of leverage, including the issuance of such leverage and the payment of dividends or interest on such leverage, will be borne entirely by the holders of common stock. As long as the rate of return, net of applicable Fund expenses, on the Fund's investment portfolio investments purchased with leverage exceeds the costs associated with such leverage, the Fund will generate more return or income than will be needed to pay such costs. In this event, the excess will be available to pay higher dividends to holders of common stock. Conversely, if the Fund's return on such assets is less than the cost of leverage and other Fund expenses, the return to the holders of the common stock will diminish. To the extent that the Fund uses leverage, the net asset value and market price of the common stock and the yield to holders of common stock will be more volatile. The Fund's leveraging strategy may not be successful.

Credit Risk

Investments in debt securities expose the Fund to credit risk. Credit risk is the risk that one or more of the Fund's investments in debt securities or other instruments will decline in price, or fail to pay interest, liquidation value or principal when due, because the issuer of the obligation or the issuer of a reference security experiences an actual or perceived decline in its financial status. Credit risk is influenced by changes in general economic and political conditions and changes in the financial condition of the issuers. During periods of economic downturn or rising interest rates, issuers of securities with a low credit rating may experience financial weakness that could affect their ability to make payments of interest and principal.

Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may also decrease the value and liquidity of securities with low credit ratings, especially in markets characterized by a low volume of trading.

Interest Rate and Pre-Payment Risk

Generally, when market interest rates rise, the prices of debt obligations fall, and vice versa. Interest rate risk is the risk that debt obligations and other instruments in the Fund's portfolio will decline in value because of increases in market interest rates. This risk may be particularly acute when market interest rates are at low levels. The prices of long-term debt obligations generally fluctuate more than prices of short-term debt obligations as interest rates change. During periods of rising interest rates, the average life of certain types of securities may be extended due to slower than expected payments. This may lock in a below market yield, increase the security's duration and reduce the security's value.

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Investments in floating rate debt instruments, although generally less sensitive to interest rate changes than longer duration fixed rate instruments, may nevertheless decline in value in response to rising interest rates if, for example, the rates at which they pay interest do not rise as much, or as quickly, as market interest rates in general. Conversely, floating rate instruments will not generally increase in value if interest rates decline. Inverse floating rate debt securities may also exhibit greater price volatility than a fixed rate debt obligation with similar credit quality. To the extent the Fund holds floating rate instruments, a decrease (or, in the case of inverse floating rate securities, an increase) in market interest rates will adversely affect the income received from such securities and the net asset value of the Fund's Common Shares.

Pre-payment risk refers to the risk that a debt obligations are prepaid ahead of schedule. In this event, the proceeds from the prepaid securities would likely be reinvested by the Fund in securities bearing a lower interest rate. Pre-payment rates usually increase when interest rates are falling.

Private Placements and Other Restricted Securities Risk

Private placement and other restricted securities include securities that have been privately placed and are not registered under the Securities Act, such as unregistered securities eligible for resale without registration pursuant to Rule 144A ("Rule 144A Securities") and privately placed securities of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers offered outside of the United States without registration with the SEC pursuant to Regulation S ("Regulation S Securities"). Private placements may offer attractive opportunities for investment not otherwise available on the open market.

Private placements securities typically may be sold only to qualified institutional buyers (or, in the case of the initial sale of certain securities, such as those issued in collateralized debt obligations or collateralized loan obligations, to accredited investors (as defined in Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act)), or in a privately negotiated transaction or to a limited number of purchasers, or in limited quantities after they have been held for a specified period of time and other conditions are met pursuant to an exemption from registration. Rule 144A Securities and Regulation S Securities may be freely traded among certain qualified institutional investors, such as the Fund, but their resale in the U.S. is permitted only in limited circumstances. Issuers of restricted securities may not be subject to the disclosure and other investor protection requirements that would be applicable if their securities were publicly traded. Where a registration statement is required for the resale of restricted securities, the Fund may be required to bear all or part of the registration expenses. The Fund may be deemed to be an "underwriter" for purposes of the Securities Act when selling restricted securities to the public and, in such event, the Fund may be liable to purchasers of such securities if

the registration statement prepared by the issuer is materially inaccurate or misleading. Private placements typically are subject to restrictions on resale as a matter of contract or under federal securities laws. Because there may be relatively few potential purchasers for such securities, especially under adverse market or economic conditions or in the event of adverse changes in the financial condition of the issuer, the Fund could find it more difficult to sell such securities when it may be advisable to do so or it may be able to sell such securities only at prices lower than if such securities were more widely held. At times, it also may be more difficult to determine the fair value of such securities for purposes of computing the Fund's net asset value NAV due to the absence of a trading market.

Private placements and restricted securities may be considered illiquid securities, which could have the effect of increasing the level of the Fund's illiquidity. Additionally, a restricted security that was liquid at the time of purchase may subsequently become illiquid. Disposing of illiquid investments may involve time-consuming negotiation and legal expenses, and it may be difficult or impossible for the Fund to sell them promptly at an acceptable price. The Fund may have to bear the extra expense of registering the securities for resale and the risk of substantial delay in effecting the registration. In addition, market quotations typically are less readily available for these securities.

Foreign Securities Risk

Investing in foreign securities involves certain special considerations that are not typically associated with investments in the securities of U.S. issuers. Foreign issuers are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and may have policies that are not comparable to those of domestic issuers. As a result, there may be less information available about foreign issuers than about domestic issuers. Securities of some foreign issuers may be less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable domestic issuers. There is generally less government supervision and regulation of securities markets, brokers and issuers than in the United States. In addition, with respect to certain foreign countries, there is a possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, political and social instability, or diplomatic developments, which could affect the value of investments in those countries. These risks are heightened under adverse economic, market, geopolitical and other conditions. The costs of investing in foreign countries frequently are higher than the costs of investing in the United States. Although the Advisers endeavor to achieve the most favorable execution costs in portfolio transactions, trading costs in non-U.S. securities markets are generally higher than trading costs in the United States.

Investments in securities of foreign issuers often will be denominated in foreign currencies. Accordingly, the value of the Fund's assets, as

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measured in U.S. dollars, may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in currency exchange rates and in exchange control regulations. The Fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies.

The Fund generally holds its foreign securities and cash in foreign banks and securities depositories approved by State Street Bank and Trust Company, the Fund's Foreign Custody Manager (as that term is defined in Rule 17f-5 under the 1940 Act). Some foreign banks and securities depositories may be recently organized or new to the foreign custody business. There may be limited or no regulatory oversight over their operations. Also, the laws of certain countries may put limits on the Fund's ability to recover its assets if a foreign bank, depository or issuer of a security, or any of their agents, goes bankrupt. In addition, it is often more expensive for the Fund to buy, sell and hold securities in certain foreign markets than in the United States. The increased expense of investing in foreign markets reduces the amount the Fund can earn on its investments and typically results in a higher operating expense ratio for the Fund than for investment companies invested only in the United States.

Certain foreign governments levy withholding or other taxes on dividend and interest income. Although in some countries a portion of these taxes are recoverable, the non-recovered portion of foreign withholding taxes will reduce the income received from investments in such countries.

From time to time, the Fund may have invested in certain sovereign debt obligations that are issued by, or certain companies that operate in or have dealings with, countries that become subject to sanctions or embargoes imposed by the U.S. government and the United Nations and/or countries identified by the U.S. government as state sponsors of terrorism. Investments in such countries may be adversely affected because, for example, the credit rating of the sovereign debt security may be lowered due to the country's instability or unreliability or the company may suffer damage to its reputation if it is identified as a company which operates in, or has dealings with, such countries. As an investor in such companies, the Fund will be indirectly subject to those risks.

Developing and Emerging Markets Risk

Investing in the securities of issuers located in developing and emerging market countries (and to a certain extent non-U.S. developed market countries) involves a high degree of risk and special considerations not typically associated with investing in the securities of U.S. issuers and other developed market issuers. Compared to the United States and other developed countries, emerging market countries may have relatively unstable governments, economies which may be more likely to take extra-legal action with respect to companies, industries, assets, or foreign ownership than those in more developed markets and therefore issuers of such emerging

markets may be more affected by the performance of such industries or sectors. Emerging market economies may be based on only a few industries and securities markets that trade a small number of securities. Securities issued by companies or governments located in emerging market countries tend to be especially volatile (particularly during market closures due to local market holidays or other reasons) and may be less liquid than securities traded in developed countries. Securities in these countries have been characterized by greater potential loss than securities of companies and governments located in developed countries. Investments in the securities of issuers located in emerging markets could be affected by risks associated with expropriation and/or nationalization, political or social instability, pervasiveness of corruption and crime, armed conflict, the impact on the economy of civil war, religious or ethnic unrest and the withdrawal or non-renewal of any license enabling the Fund to trade in securities of a particular country, confiscatory taxation, restrictions on transfers of assets, lack of uniform accounting and auditing standards, less publicly available financial and other information, diplomatic development which could affect U.S. investments in those countries, and potential difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations. International trade barriers or economic sanctions against foreign countries, organizations, entities and/or individuals in response to geopolitical tensions or conflicts may adversely affect the value of the Fund's foreign holdings. The type and severity of sanctions and other similar measures are difficult to measure or predict. Emerging market countries generally have less developed legal, accounting and financial reporting systems than those in more developed markets, which may reduce the scope or quality of financial information available to investors. Moreover, it can be more difficult for investors to bring litigation or enforce judgments against issuers in emerging markets or for U.S. regulators to bring enforcement actions against such issuers.

Countries in emerging markets are also more likely to experience high levels of inflation, deflation or currency devaluation, which could also hurt their economies and securities markets. For these and other reasons, investments in emerging markets are often considered speculative.

The economies of individual developing and emerging market countries may differ favourably or unfavorably from the United States economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, currency depreciation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position. Governments of many developing and emerging market countries have exercised and continue to exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector. In some cases, the government owns or controls many companies, including some of the largest in the country.

Accordingly, government actions could have a significant effect on economic conditions in a developing or emerging market country and

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on market conditions, prices and yields of securities in the Fund's portfolio. Moreover, the economies of developing and emerging market countries generally are heavily dependent upon international trade and, accordingly, have been and may continue to be adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. These economies also have been and may continue to be adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which they trade. Many developing and emerging market economies are considered to be more politically volatile than the developed markets. Investments in securities of issuers in countries other than the U.S. may involve greater political risk, including in some countries, the possibility of nationalization of assets, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, restrictions on repatriation, and the establishment of foreign exchange controls, political changes, government regulation, overburdened and obsolete or unseasoned financial systems, environmental problems, less developed legal systems, economic or social instability or diplomatic developments (including war) which could affect adversely the economies of such countries or the value of the Fund's investments in those countries. Central authorities also tend to exercise a high degree of control over the economies and in many cases have ownership over core productive assets.

The legal systems in many developing and emerging market countries are less developed than those in more developed countries, with the administration of laws and regulations often subject to considerable discretion. Non-U.S. markets may offer less protection to investors than U.S. or other developed markets. It also may be difficult to obtain and enforce a judgment in a court outside of the United States.

Adequate public information on non-U.S. issuers may not be available, and it may be difficult to secure information regarding corporate actions on a timely basis. In general, there is less overall governmental supervision and regulation of securities exchanges, brokers, and listed companies than in the United States or other developed market countries.

Due to their strong reliance on international trade, most developing and emerging market economies tend to be sensitive both to economic changes in their own region and to changes affecting their major trading partners. These include changes in growth, inflation, foreign exchange rates, current account positions, government policies, taxation and tariffs.

Investments in developing and emerging market countries may entail purchasing securities issued by or on behalf of entities that are insolvent, bankrupt, in default or otherwise engaged in an attempt to reorganize or reschedule their obligations or in entities that have little or no proven credit rating or credit history. In any such case, the issuer's poor or deteriorating financial condition may increase the

likelihood that the Fund will experience losses or diminution in available gains due to bankruptcy, insolvency or fraud.

Foreign Currency Risk

The Fund may invest all of its assets in debt securities which are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Currency exchange rates can fluctuate significantly over short periods and can be subject to unpredictable changes based on a variety of factors including political developments and currency controls by governments. A change in the value of a currency in which a security is denominated against the U.S. dollar will generally result in a change in the U.S. dollar value of the Fund's assets.

The currencies of developing and emerging markets, in particular, have experienced periods of steady declines or even sudden devaluations relative to the U.S. dollar. Some developing and emerging market currencies may not be internationally traded or may be subject to strict controls by local governments, resulting in undervalued or overvalued currencies. Some developing and emerging markets have experienced balance of payment deficits and shortages in foreign exchange reserves. Governments have responded by restricting currency conversions. Future restrictive exchange controls could prevent or restrict a company's ability to make dividend or interest payments in the original currency of an obligation (often U.S. dollars). In addition, even though the currencies of some developing and emerging markets may be convertible into U.S. dollars, the conversion rates may be artificial to their actual market values.  If the exchange rate for a non-U.S. currency declines compared to the U.S. dollar, the Fund's NAV would decline. In addition, although much of the Fund's income will be received or realized in non-U.S. currencies, the Fund is required to compute and distribute its income in U.S. dollars. Therefore, for example, if the exchange rate for a non-U.S. currency declines after the Fund's income has been accrued and translated into U.S. dollars, but before the income has been received or converted into U.S. dollars, the Fund could be required to liquidate securities to make distributions. Similarly, if the exchange rate declines between the time the Fund incurs expenses in U.S. dollars and the time expenses are paid, the amount of non-U.S. currency required to be converted into U.S. dollars in order to pay such U.S. dollar expenses will be greater than the non-U.S. currency equivalent of the expenses at the time they were incurred.

Sovereign Debt Obligation Risk

Investments in developing and emerging market countries' government debt obligations involve special risks. Certain developing and emerging market countries have historically experienced, and may continue to experience, high rates of inflation, high interest rates, exchange rate fluctuations, large amounts of external debt, balance of payments and trade difficulties and extreme poverty and

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unemployment. The issuer or governmental authority that controls the repayment of a developing and emerging market country's debt may not be able or willing to repay the principal and/or interest when due in accordance with the terms of such debt. A debtor's willingness or ability to repay principal and interest due in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation and, in the case of a government debtor, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the government debtor's policy towards the International Monetary Fund and the political constraints to which a government debtor may be subject. Government debtors may default on their debt and may also be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign governments, multilateral agencies and others abroad to reduce principal and interest arrearages on their debt. The commitment on the part of these governments, agencies and others to make such disbursements may be conditioned on a debtor's implementation of economic reforms and/or economic performance and the timely service of such debtor's obligations. Failure to implement such reforms, achieve such levels of economic performance or repay principal or interest when due may result in the cancellation of such third parties' commitments to lend funds to the government debtor, which may further impair such debtor's ability or willingness to service its debts on a timely basis. Holders of government debt, including the Fund, may be requested to participate in the rescheduling of such debt and to extend further loans to government debtors.

As a result of the foregoing, a government obligor may default on its obligations. If such an event occurs, the Fund may have limited legal recourse against the issuer and/or guarantor. Remedies must, in some cases, be pursued in the courts of the defaulting party itself, and the ability of the holder of foreign government debt securities to obtain recourse may be subject to the political climate in the relevant country. In addition, no assurance can be given that the holders of more senior fixed income securities, such as commercial bank debt, will not contest payments to the holders of other foreign government debt securities in the event of default under their commercial bank loan agreements.

Government obligors in developing and emerging market countries are among the world's largest debtors to commercial banks, other governments, international financial organizations and other financial institutions. The issuers of the government debt securities in which the Fund may invest have in the past experienced substantial difficulties in servicing their external debt obligations, which led to defaults on certain obligations and the restructuring of certain indebtedness. Restructuring arrangements have included, among other things, reducing and rescheduling interest and principal payments by negotiating new or amended credit agreements, and

obtaining new credit to finance interest payments. Holders of certain foreign government debt securities may be requested to participate in the restructuring of such obligations and to extend further loans to their issuers. There can be no assurance that the foreign government debt securities in which the Fund may invest will not be subject to similar restructuring arrangements or to requests for new credit, which may adversely affect the Fund's holdings. Furthermore, certain participants in the secondary market for such debt may be directly involved in negotiating the terms of these arrangements and may therefore have access to information not available to other market participants. Investments in developing and emerging market countries' government debt securities involve currency risk. See "Foreign Currency Risk" above.

Corporate Debt Risk

The Fund may invest in debt securities of non-governmental issuers. Like all debt securities, corporate debt securities generally represent an issuer's obligation to repay to the investor (or lender) the amount borrowed plus interest over a specified time period. A typical corporate bond specifies a fixed date when the amount borrowed (principal) is due in full, known as the maturity date, and specifies dates when periodic interest (coupon) payments will be made over the life of the security.

Corporate debt securities come in many varieties and may differ in the way that interest is calculated, the amount and frequency of payments, the type of collateral, if any, and the presence of special features (e.g., conversion rights). The Fund's investments in corporate debt securities may include, but are not limited to, senior, junior, secured and unsecured bonds, notes and other debt securities, and may be fixed rate, floating rate, zero coupon and inflation linked, among other things.

Prices of corporate debt securities fluctuate and, in particular, are subject to several key risks including, but not limited to, interest rate risk (which may be heightened in a market environment where interest rates are high or rising), credit risk, prepayment risk and spread risk. The market value of a corporate bond may be affected by the financial condition or the credit rating of the corporation, the corporation's performance and perceptions of the corporation in the marketplace, and government regulations impacting the industry in which the corporation operates. There is a risk that the issuers of the corporate debt securities in which the Fund may invest may not be able to meet their obligations on interest or principal payments at the time called for by an instrument.

High-Yield Bonds and Other Lower-Rated Securities Risk

The Fund's investments in high-yield bonds (commonly referred to as "junk bonds") and other lower-rated securities will subject the Fund to substantial risk of loss. Investments in high-yield bonds are

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speculative and issuers of these securities are generally considered to be less financially secure and less able to repay interest and principal than issuers of investment-grade securities. Prices of high-yield bonds tend to be very volatile. These securities are less liquid than investment-grade debt securities and may be difficult to price or sell, particularly in times of negative sentiment toward high-yield securities. The Fund's investments in lower rated securities may involve the following specific risks: greater risk of loss due to default because of the increased likelihood that adverse economic or company specific events will make the issuer unable to pay interest and/or principal when due; wider price fluctuations due to changing interest rates and/or adverse economic and business developments; and greater risk of loss due to declining credit quality.

Liquidity Risk

While the Fund ordinarily invests in debt securities for which there is an active secondary market, the Fund may invest in debt securities for which there is no established secondary market. The securities markets that exist in developing and emerging market countries are substantially smaller, less developed, less liquid and more volatile than the securities markets of the United States and other more developed countries. In addition, the markets for below investment grade securities may be substantially smaller, less developed, less liquid and more volatile than the markets for prime rated securities, which may make obtaining accurate market quotations for financial reporting purposes and for calculating net asset values more difficult. Market quotations on many non-U.S. debt and sub-investment grade securities may only be available from a limited number of dealers and may not necessarily represent firm bids from those dealers or prices for actual sales. The Fund may not be able readily to dispose of illiquid securities at prices that approximate those at which the Fund could sell such securities if they were more widely traded and, as result of such illiquidity, the Fund may have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions if necessary to raise cash to meet its obligations. Illiquid securities generally trade at a discount. Settlement and custodial practices (including those involving securities settlement where fund assets may be released prior to receipt of payment) are also often less developed than those in U.S. or other developed markets, and may result in increased risk or substantial delays in the event of a failed trade or the insolvency of, or breach of duty by, a non-U.S. broker-dealer, securities depository or non-U.S. subcustodian.

Liquidity in developing markets may be low and transaction costs high. Reduced liquidity often creates higher volatility, as well as difficulties in obtaining accurate market quotations for financial reporting purposes and for calculating net asset values, and sometimes also an inability to buy and sell securities. Market quotations on many non-U.S. debt securities may only be available

from a limited number of dealers and may not necessarily represent firm bids from those dealers or prices for actual sales.

Bank Loan Risk

Bank loans include floating and fixed-rate debt obligations. Floating rate loans are debt obligations issued by companies or other entities with floating interest rates that reset periodically. Bank loans may include, but are not limited to, term loans, delayed funding loans, bridge loans and revolving credit facilities. Loan interest will primarily take the form of assignments purchased in the primary or secondary market but may include participants. Floating rate loans are secured by specific collateral of the borrower and are senior to most other securities of the borrower (e.g., common stock or debt instruments) in the event of bankruptcy. Floating rate loans are often issued in connection with recapitalizations, acquisitions, leveraged buyouts, and refinancings. Floating rate loans are typically structured and administered by a financial institution that acts as the agent of the lenders participating in the floating rate loan. Floating rate loans may be acquired directly through the agent, as an assignment from another lender who holds a direct interest in the floating rate loan, or as a participation interest in another lender's portion of the floating rate loan.

There are a number of risks associated with an investment in bank loans including credit risk, interest rate risk, illiquid securities risk, and prepayment risk. There is also the possibility that the collateral securing a loan, if any, may be difficult to liquidate or be insufficient to cover the amount owed under the loan. These risks could cause the Fund to lose income or principal on a particular investment, which in turn could affect the Fund's returns. In addition, bank loans may settle on a delayed basis, resulting in the proceeds from the sale of such loans not being readily available to make additional investments. To the extent the extended settlement process gives rise to short-term liquidity needs, the Fund may hold additional cash or sell investments.

Convertible Securities Risk

The Fund may invest in convertible securities, which include bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks and other securities that entitle the holder to acquire common stock or other equity securities of the same or a different issuer. Convertible securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible securities of similar quality. As with all debt securities, the market values of convertible securities tend to decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, to increase as interest rates decline. Convertible securities also tend to reflect the market price of the underlying stock in varying degrees, depending on the relationship of such market price to the conversion price in the terms of the convertible security, and, therefore, is also subject to the same types of market and issuer risks that may negatively affect the underlying common stock. Convertible

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securities rank senior to common stock in an issuer's capital structure and consequently entail less risk than the issuer's common stock.

Asset-Backed Securities Risk

Payment of interest and repayment of principal on asset-backed securities is largely dependent upon the cash flows generated by the assets backing the securities and, in certain cases, supported by letters of credit, surety bonds or other credit enhancements. Asset-backed security values may also be affected by the creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the pool, the originator of the loans or receivables and any entities providing the credit enhancement. In addition, the underlying assets are subject to prepayments that shorten the securities' weighted average maturity and may lower their return. Asset-backed securities are in particular subject to interest rate risk. Generally, asset-backed securities increase in value to a lesser extent when interest rates decline and generally decline in value to a similar or greater extent when interest rates rise. Asset-backed securities are also subject to liquidity and valuation risk.

Derivatives Risk

Consistent with its investment objective, the Fund may invest in a broad array of financial instruments and securities in which the value of the instrument or security is "derived" from the performance of an underlying asset or a "benchmark" such as a security index, an interest rate or a foreign currency ("derivatives"). Derivatives are most often used to manage interest rate, currency and credit risk, to increase or decrease exposure to an asset class or benchmark (as a hedge or to enhance return), or to create an investment position directly (often because it is more efficient or less costly than direct investment). There is no guarantee that these results can be achieved through the use of derivatives and any success in their use depends on a variety of factors including the ability of the Advisers to predict correctly the direction of interest rates, securities prices, currency exchange rates and other factors. The primary risk of derivatives is the same as the risk of the underlying asset, namely that the value of the underlying asset may increase or decrease. Adverse movements in the value of the underlying asset can expose the Fund to losses, which can be increased if derivatives are used to obtain leverage. In addition, risks in the use of derivatives include:

•	an imperfect correlation between the price of derivatives and the movement of the securities prices, interest rates or currency exchange rates being hedged or replicated;

•	the possible absence of a liquid secondary market for any particular derivatives contract at any time and the need to continue making margin and settlement payments thereunder;

•	the potential loss if the counterparty to the transaction does not perform as promised;

•	the possible need to defer closing out certain positions to avoid adverse tax consequences, as well as the possibility that derivative transactions may result in acceleration of gain, deferral of losses or a change in the character of gain realized;

•	the risk that the financial intermediary "manufacturing" the over-the-counter derivative, being the most active market maker and offering the best price for repurchase, will not continue to create a credible market in the derivative;

•	because certain derivatives are "manufactured" by financial institutions, the risk that the Fund may develop a substantial exposure to financial institution counterparties; and

•	the risk that a full and complete appreciation of the complexity of derivatives and how future value is affected by various factors including changing interest rates, exchange rates and credit quality is not attained; and

•	the risk that the Fund would need additional liquidity to meet the payment obligations created by the derivatives contracts

Derivatives also may create operational and legal risks for the Fund. There is no guarantee that derivatives will provide successful results and any success in their use depends on a variety of factors including the ability of the Advisers to predict correctly the direction of interest rates, securities prices, currency exchange rates and other factors. Recent legislation calls for new and/or expanded regulation of the derivatives markets. The extent and impact of the new and/or expanded regulation are not yet completely known and may not be known for some time. New regulation of derivatives may make them more costly, may limit their availability, or may otherwise adversely affect their value or performance.

The Fund may use interest rate swaps to hedge the Fund’s liability with respect to its leverage. A significant type of risk associated with interest rate swaps is the risk that the counterparty may default or file for bankruptcy, in which case the Fund would bear the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under the swap agreement. There can be no assurance that the Fund will have an interest rate swap in place at any given time, nor can there be any assurance that, if an interest rate swap is in place, it will be successful in hedging the Fund's interest rate risk with respect to its leverage.

Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act governs a registered investment company's use of derivatives, short sales, reverse repurchase agreements, and certain other instruments. Under Rule 18f-4, the fund must limit its derivatives exposure through a value-at-risk test, adopt and implement a derivatives risk management program and comply with certain reporting requirements. However, subject to certain conditions, funds that do not invest heavily in derivatives may be deemed limited derivatives users and would not be subject to the full requirements of Rule 18f-4.  Under the rule, when the Fund trades reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions, including certain tender option bonds, it needs to aggregate the amount of indebtedness associated with the reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions with the aggregate

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amount of any other senior securities representing indebtedness when calculating the Fund’s asset coverage ratio or treat all such transactions as derivatives transactions. In addition, under the rule, the Fund is permitted to invest in a security on a when-issued or forward-settling basis, or with a non-standard settlement cycle, and the transaction will be deemed not to involve a senior security (as defined under Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act), provided that, (i) the Fund intends to physically settle the transaction and (ii) the transaction will settle within 35 days of its trade date (the “Delayed-Settlement Securities Provision”). The Fund may otherwise engage in when-issued, forward-settling and non-standard settlement cycle securities transactions that do not meet the conditions of the Delayed-Settlement Securities Provision so long as the Fund treats any such transaction as a “derivatives transaction” for purposes of compliance with the rule. Furthermore, under the rule, the Fund is permitted to enter into an unfunded commitment agreement, and such unfunded commitment agreement will not be subject to the asset coverage requirements under the 1940 Act, if the Fund reasonably believes, at the time it enters into such agreement, that it will have sufficient cash and cash equivalents to meet its obligations with respect to all such agreements as they come due. These requirements may limit the ability of the Fund to use derivatives, reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions, and other relevant transactions as part of its investment strategies. These requirements may increase the cost of the Fund’s investments and cost of doing business, which could adversely affect investors.

Hedging Strategy Risk

Certain of the investment techniques that the Fund may employ for hedging will expose the Fund to additional or increased risks.

There may be an imperfect correlation between changes in the value of the Fund's portfolio holdings and hedging positions entered into by the Fund, which may prevent the Fund from achieving the intended hedge or expose the Fund to risk of loss. In addition, the Fund's success in using hedge instruments is subject to the Advisers' ability to predict correctly changes in the relationships of such hedge instruments to the Fund's portfolio holdings, and there can be no assurance that the Advisers' judgment in this respect will be accurate. Consequently, the use of hedging transactions might result in a poorer overall performance for the Fund, whether or not adjusted for risk, than if the Fund had not hedged its portfolio holdings.

The Advisers are under no obligation to engage in any hedging strategies, and may, in their discretion, choose not to engage in hedging strategies. Even if the Advisers desire to hedge some of the Fund's risks, suitable hedging transactions may not be available or, if available, attractive. A failure to hedge may result in losses to the value of the Fund's investments.

Counterparty Risk

The Fund will be subject to credit risk with respect to the counterparties to the derivative contracts purchased or sold by the Fund. Although the Advisers monitor the creditworthiness of the Fund's counterparties, there can be no assurance that the Fund's counterparties will not experience financial difficulties, possibly resulting in losses to the Fund. Counterparty risk also encompasses the risk of having concentrated exposure to one or more counterparties.

If a counterparty becomes bankrupt, or otherwise fails to perform its obligations under a derivative contract due to financial difficulties, the Fund may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery under the derivative contract in a bankruptcy or other reorganization proceeding. The Fund may obtain only a limited recovery or may obtain no recovery in such circumstances. Such risk is heightened in a market environment where interest rates are either high or rising.

Inflation Risk

Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. To the extent that inflation occurs, it will reduce the real value of dividends paid by the Fund and the Fund’s Common Shares. Most emerging market countries, in particular, have experienced substantial, and in some periods extremely high and volatile, rates of inflation. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had and may continue to have very negative effects on the economies and securities markets globally. In an attempt to control inflation, wage and price controls have been imposed at times in certain countries.

Market Events Risk

The market values of securities or other assets will fluctuate, sometimes sharply and unpredictably, due to changes in general market conditions, overall economic trends or events, governmental actions or intervention, actions taken by the U.S. Federal Reserve or foreign central banks, market disruptions caused by trade disputes or other factors, political developments, investor sentiment and other factors that may or may not be related to the issuer of the security or other asset. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are increasingly interconnected. Economic, financial or political events, trading and tariff arrangements, actual or threatened wars or other armed conflicts (such as the Russia/Ukraine and Israel/Hamas conflicts), terrorism, natural disasters and other circumstances in one country or region could have profound impacts on global economies or markets. As a result, whether or not the Fund invests in securities of issuers located in or with significant exposure to the countries directly affected, the value and liquidity of the Fund's investments may be negatively affected.  In addition, any spread of an infectious illness, public health threat or similar issue could reduce consumer demand

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or economic output, result in market closures, travel restrictions or quarantines, and generally have a significant impact on the world economy, which in turn could adversely affect the Fund's investments.

Russia/Ukraine Risk. In February 2022, Russia commenced a military attack on Ukraine. The outbreak of hostilities between the two countries and the threat of wider spread hostilities could have a severe adverse effect on the region and global economies, including significant negative impacts on the markets for certain securities and commodities, such as oil and natural gas. In addition, sanctions imposed on Russia by the United States and other countries, and any sanctions imposed in the future, could have a significant adverse impact on the Russian economy and related markets. The price and liquidity of investments may fluctuate widely as a result of the conflict and related events. How long the armed conflict and related events will last cannot be predicted. These tensions and any related events could have a significant impact on Fund performance and the value of the Fund’s investments.

Europe Related Risk. A number of countries in Europe have experienced severe economic and financial difficulties. Many non-governmental issuers, and even certain governments, have defaulted on, or been forced to restructure, their debts; many other issuers have faced difficulties obtaining credit or refinancing existing obligations; financial institutions have in many cases required government or central bank support, have needed to raise capital, and/or have been impaired in their ability to extend credit; and financial markets in Europe and elsewhere have experienced extreme volatility and declines in asset values and liquidity. These difficulties may continue, worsen or spread within and outside Europe. Responses to the financial problems by European governments, central banks and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may not work, may result in social unrest and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences. Further defaults or restructurings by governments and others of their debt could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets and asset valuations around the world.

Government Intervention in Financial Markets Risk

U.S. federal and state governments and foreign governments, their regulatory agencies or self-regulatory organizations may take additional actions that affect the regulation of the securities in which the Fund invests, or the issuers of such securities, in ways that are unforeseeable. Under certain circumstances, the withdrawal of U.S. government and foreign government support could negatively affect financial markets generally as well as reduce the value and liquidity of certain securities. The current market environment could make identifying investment risks and opportunities especially difficult for the Investment Manager.

Additionally, issuers of corporate fixed income securities might seek protection under the bankruptcy laws. Legislation or regulation may also change the way in which the Fund itself is regulated. Such legislation or regulation could limit or preclude the Fund's ability to achieve its investment objective. The Investment Manager will monitor developments and seek to manage the Fund's portfolio in a manner consistent with achieving the Fund's investment objective, but there can be no assurance that it will be successful in doing so.

In addition, policy and legislative changes in the United States and in other countries are affecting many aspects of financial regulation. New or revised laws or regulations may be imposed by the Security and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), the CFTC, the Internal Revenue Services (“IRS”), the U.S. Federal Reserve or other governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations that could adversely affect the Fund’s performance. The Fund may also be adversely impacted by changes in the enforcement or interpretation of existing statutes and rules by governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations. The impact of these changes on the markets, and the practical implications for market participants, may not be fully known for some time. Furthermore, volatile financial markets can expose the Fund to greater market and liquidity risk and potential difficulty in valuing portfolio instruments held by the Fund. The value of the Fund's holdings is also generally subject to the risk of future local, national, or global economic disturbances based on unknown weaknesses in the markets in which the Fund invests. In addition, it is not certain that the U.S. Government will intervene in response to a future market disturbance and the effect of any such future intervention cannot be predicted.

Cybersecurity Risk

The Fund is subject to direct cybersecurity risk. Cybersecurity incidents may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund assets, customer data (including private shareholder information), or proprietary information, or cause the Fund, the Advisers and/or the Fund's service providers (including, but not limited to, Fund accountants, custodians, sub-custodians and transfer agents) to suffer data breaches, data corruption or lose operational functionality. Furthermore, the Fund may be an appealing target for cybersecurity threats such as hackers and malware.

Net Asset Value Discount

Shares of closed-end investment companies frequently trade at a discount from net asset value. This characteristic is a risk separate and distinct from the risk that net asset value will decrease. The Fund cannot predict whether its Shares in the future will trade at, below or above net asset value. This risk that shares of a closed-end fund might trade at a discount is more significant for investors who wish to sell their shares in a relatively short period of time. For those investors, realization of gain or loss on their investment is likely to be more

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dependent upon the existence of a premium or discount than upon portfolio performance.

Distribution Rate

It is the Fund's current policy to pay distributions on a monthly basis. If the Fund's investments do not generate sufficient income, the Fund may be required to liquidate a portion of its portfolio to fund these distributions, and therefore a portion or all of such distributions may represent a reduction of the shareholders' principal investment. Such liquidation might be at a time when independent investment judgment would not dictate such action, increasing the Fund's overall portfolio turnover (and related transaction costs) and making it more difficult for the Fund to achieve its investment objective.

Non-Diversification Risk

The Fund is classified as a "non-diversified" management investment company under the 1940 Act. This means that the Fund is not subject to limits under the 1940 Act as to the proportion of its assets that may be invested in the securities of a single issuer. As a non-diversified investment company, the Fund may therefore invest its assets in securities of a smaller number of issuers or may invest a larger portion of its assets in a single issuer than a diversified fund, and, as a result, would be more susceptible than a diversified fund to any single corporate, political, geographic or regulatory occurrence. Although the Fund must comply with certain diversification requirements in order to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Code, the Fund may be more susceptible to any single economic, political or regulatory occurrence than would be the case if it had elected to diversify its holding sufficiently to be classified as a "diversified" management investment company under the 1940 Act. The Fund, however, intends to comply with the diversification requirements imposed by the Code, for qualification as a regulated investment company.

Conflicts of Interest Risk

The Advisers’ advisory fees are based on net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes. Consequently, the Advisers will benefit from an increase in the Fund's net assets resulting from an offering.

Additionally, the portfolio managers' management of "other accounts" may give rise to potential conflicts of interest in connection with their management of the Fund's investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the other accounts, on the other. The other accounts may have the same investment objective as the Fund. Therefore, a potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the identical investment objectives, whereby the portfolio manager could favor one account over another. However, the Advisers believe that these risks are mitigated by the fact that: (i) accounts with like investment strategies managed by a particular portfolio manager are

generally managed in a similar fashion, subject to exceptions to account for particular investment restrictions or policies applicable only to certain accounts, differences in cash flows and account sizes, and similar factors; and (ii) portfolio manager personal trading is monitored to avoid potential conflicts. In addition, the Advisers have adopted trade allocation procedures that require equitable allocation of trade orders for a particular security among participating accounts.

In some cases, another account managed by the same portfolio manager may compensate the Advisers based on the performance of the portfolio held by that account. The existence of such a performance-based fee may create additional conflicts of interest for the portfolio manager in the allocation of management time, resources and investment opportunities.

Another potential conflict could include instances in which securities considered as investments for the Fund also may be appropriate for other investment accounts managed by the Advisers or their affiliates. Whenever decisions are made to buy or sell securities by the Fund and one or more of the other accounts simultaneously, the Advisers may aggregate the purchases and sales of the securities and will allocate the securities transactions in a manner that it believes to be equitable under the circumstances. As a result of the allocations, there may be instances where the Fund will not participate in a transaction that is allocated among other accounts. While these aggregation and allocation policies could have a detrimental effect on the price or amount of the securities available to the Fund from time to time, it is the opinion of the Advisers that the benefits from the policies outweigh any disadvantage that may arise from exposure to simultaneous transactions. The Advisers have adopted policies that are designed to eliminate or minimize conflicts of interest, although there is no guarantee that procedures adopted under such policies will detect each and every situation in which a conflict arises.

From time to time, the Advisers may seed proprietary accounts for the purpose of evaluating a new investment strategy that eventually may be available to clients through one or more product structures. Such accounts also may serve the purpose of establishing a performance record for the strategy. The management by the Advisers of accounts with proprietary interests and nonproprietary client accounts may create an incentive to favor the proprietary accounts in the allocation of investment opportunities, and the timing and aggregation of investments. The Advisers' proprietary seed accounts may include long-short strategies, and certain client strategies may permit short sales. A conflict of interest arises if a security is sold short at the same time as a long position, and continuous short selling in a security may adversely affect the stock price of the same security held long in client accounts. The Advisers have adopted various policies to mitigate these conflicts.

62	abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc.

In addition, the 1940 Act limits the Fund’s ability to enter into certain transactions with certain affiliates of the Advisers. As a result of these restrictions, the Fund may be prohibited from buying or selling any security directly from or to any portfolio company of a fund managed by the Advisers or one of their affiliates. Nonetheless, the Fund may under certain circumstances purchase any such portfolio company’s loans or securities in the secondary market, which could create a conflict for the Advisers between the interests of the Fund and the portfolio company, in that the ability of the Advisers to recommend actions in the best interest of the Fund might be impaired. The 1940 Act also prohibits certain “joint” transactions with certain of the Fund’s affiliates (which could include other abrdn-managed Funds), which could be deemed to include certain types of investments, or restructuring of investments, in the same portfolio company (whether at the same or different times). These limitations may limit the scope of investment opportunities that would otherwise be available to the Fund. The Board has approved policies and procedures reasonably designed to monitor potential conflicts of interest. The Board will review these procedures and any conflicts that may arise. The Advisers or their respective members, officers, directors, employees, principals or affiliates may come into possession of material, non-public information. The possession of such information may limit the ability of the Fund to buy or sell a security or otherwise to participate in an investment opportunity. Situations may occur where the Fund could be disadvantaged because of the investment activities conducted by the Advisers for other clients, and the Advisers will not employ information barriers with regard to its operations on behalf of its registered and private funds, or other accounts. In certain circumstances, employees of the Advisers may serve as board members or in other capacities for portfolio or potential portfolio companies, which could restrict the Fund’s ability to trade in the securities of such companies.

Anti-Takeover Charter Provisions

The Fund’s charter and by-laws contain several provisions that may be regarded as “anti-takeover” because they have the effect of maintaining continuity of management. Also, charter provisions subject the Fund to certain provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law with respect to unsolicited takeovers.

Repurchase Agreement Risk

Repurchase agreements may involve risks in the event of default or insolvency of the seller, including possible delays or restrictions with respect to the Fund's ability to dispose of the underlying securities, and the possibility that the collateral might not be sufficient to cover any losses incurred by the Fund.

Securities Lending Risk

In connection with its loans of portfolio securities, the Fund may be exposed to the risk of delay in recovery of the loaned securities or possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower become insolvent. The Fund also bears the risk of loss on the investment of cash collateral. There is also the risk that, in the event of default by the borrower, the collateral might not be sufficient to cover any losses incurred by the Fund. There can be no assurance that the return to the Fund from a particular loan, or from its loans overall, will exceed the related costs and any related losses.

Tax Risk

The Fund may invest in securities of which the federal income tax treatment may not be clear or may be subject to recharacterization by the IRS. It could be more difficult for the Fund to comply with the United States tax requirements applicable to regulated investment companies, or with other tax requirements applicable to foreign investors, if the tax characterization of the Fund's investments or the tax treatment of the income from such investments were successfully challenged by the IRS.

FUNDAMENTAL INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

The Fund has elected to be classified as a non-diversified closed-end management investment company and will invest its assets only in a manner consistent with this classification under applicable law.

The Fund will not:

1.

issue senior securities, except (a) insofar as the Fund may be deemed to have issued a senior security in connection with any repurchase or securities lending agreement or any borrowing agreement permitted by these investment restrictions and (b) that the Fund may issue one or more series of its preferred stock, if permitted by its Articles of Incorporation, including Articles of Amendment and Articles Supplementary thereto;

2.	borrow money, except as permitted under, or to the extent not prohibited by, the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and as interpreted or modified by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time;

3.	engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by others, except to the extent that the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter in connection with the disposition of portfolio securities;

4.

purchase or sell real estate, which term does not include securities of companies that deal in real estate or mortgages or investments secured by real estate or interests therein, except that the Fund reserves freedom of action to hold and to sell real estate acquired as a result of the Fund’s ownership of securities;

abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc.

63

5.	purchase physical commodities or contracts relating to physical commodities;

6.	make loans to other persons, except as permitted under, or to the extent not prohibited by, the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and as interpreted or modified by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time;

7.

concentrate its investments in a particular industry or group of industries, as those terms are used in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended or modified by regulatory authority having jurisdiction from time to time, except that at any time the Fund has invested more than 25% of its total assets in securities of issuers of a particular country, the Fund may invest more than 25% of its assets, and up to the amount of its total assets invested in securities of issuers of that country, in securities issued or guaranteed, as to payment of principal and interest, by the government (including governmental subdivisions) or governmental entities or instrumentalities of that country.

For purposes of Restriction 7, above, “securities of issuers of a particular country” shall include: (a) securities of issuers located in that country; (b) securities that are denominated in, or linked to, the currency of that country, including securities of supranational issuers and derivative securities that replicate, or substitute for, the currency of that country; (c) securities of issuers that derive at least 50% of their revenues from that country or have at least 50% of their assets located in that country; (d) securities issued by a parent or subsidiary of, and guaranteed by, an entity located in that country; (e) securities issued by the government (including governmental subdivisions) or governmental entities or instrumentalities of that country; and (f) repurchase agreements with respect to any of the foregoing securities.

EFFECTS OF LEVERAGE

The following table is furnished in response to requirements of the SEC. It is designed to, among other things, illustrate the effects of leverage through the use of senior securities, as that term is defined under Section 18 of the 1940 Act, on Common Share total return, assuming investment portfolio total returns (consisting of income and changes in the value of investments held in a Fund’s portfolio) of -10%, -5%, 0%, 5% and 10%. The table below reflects the Fund’s continued use of senior securities and the revolving credit facility, as of October 31, 2023 as a percentage of total managed assets (including assets attributable to such leverage), and the annual return that the Fund’s portfolio must experience (net of expenses) in order to cover such costs. The information below does not reflect the Fund’s use of certain other forms of economic leverage achieved through the use of other instruments or transactions not considered to be senior securities under the 1940 Act, such as covered reverse repurchase

agreements, covered credit default swaps or other derivative instruments, if any.

The assumed investment portfolio returns in the table below are hypothetical figures and are not necessarily indicative of the investment portfolio returns experienced or expected to be experienced by the Fund. Your actual returns may be greater or less than those appearing below. In addition, actual borrowing expenses associated with borrowings used by the Fund may vary frequently and may be significantly higher or lower than the rate used for the example below.

Assumed annual returns on the Fund's portfolio (net of expenses)	(10%)	(5%)	0%	5%	10%
Corresponding return of shareholder	(16.7%)	(9.4%)	(2.1%)	5.2%	12.6%

Based on estimated indebtedness of $326,000,000 (representing approximately 31.75% of the Fund’s Managed Assets as of October 31, 2023), at a weighted annual interest rate of 4.47% (effective interest rate as of October 31, 2023 on the senior securities and revolving credit facility), the Fund’s investment portfolio at fair value would have to produce an annual return of approximately 1.42% to cover annual interest payments on the estimated debt.

Common Share total return is composed of two elements – the distributions paid by the Fund to holders of Common Shares (the amount of which is largely determined by the net investment income of the Fund after paying dividend payments on any preferred shares issued by the Fund and expenses on any forms of leverage outstanding) and gains or losses on the value of the securities and other instruments the Fund owns. As required by SEC rules, the table assumes that the Fund is more likely to suffer capital losses than to enjoy capital appreciation. For example, to assume a total return of 0%, the Fund must assume that the income it receives on its investments is entirely offset by losses in the value of those investments. This table reflects hypothetical performance of the Fund’s portfolio and not the actual performance of the Fund’s Common Shares, the value of which is determined by market forces
and other factors.

Should the Fund elect to add additional leverage to its portfolio, any benefits of such additional leverage cannot be fully achieved until the proceeds resulting from the use of such leverage have been received by the Fund and invested in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and policies. As noted above, the Fund’s willingness to use additional leverage, and the extent to which leverage is used at any

64	abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc.

The Fund intends to distribute to shareholders substantially all of its net investment income and to distribute any net realized capital gains at least annually. Net investment income for this purpose is income other than net realized long-term and short-term capital gains net of expenses. Pursuant to the Dividend Reinvestment and Optional Cash Purchase Plan (the “Plan”), shareholders whose shares of common stock are registered in their own names will be deemed to have elected to have all distributions automatically reinvested by Computershare Trust Company N.A. (the “Plan Agent”) in the Fund shares pursuant to the Plan, unless such shareholders elect to receive distributions in cash. Shareholders who elect to receive distributions in cash will receive such distributions paid by check in U.S. Dollars mailed directly to the shareholder by the Plan Agent, as dividend paying agent. In the case of shareholders such as banks, brokers or nominees that hold shares for others who are beneficial owners, the Plan Agent will administer the Plan on the basis of the number of shares certified from time to time by the shareholders as representing the total amount registered in such shareholders’ names and held for the account of beneficial owners that have not elected to receive distributions in cash. Investors that own shares registered in the name of a bank, broker or other nominee should consult with such nominee as to participation in the Plan through such nominee and may be required to have their shares registered in their own names in order to participate in the Plan. Please note that the Fund does not issue certificates so all shares will be registered in book entry form. The Plan Agent serves as agent for the shareholders in administering the Plan. If the Directors of the Fund declare an income dividend or a capital gains distribution payable either in the Fund’s common stock or in cash, nonparticipants in the Plan will receive cash and participants in the Plan will receive common stock, to be issued by the Fund or purchased by the Plan Agent in the open market, as provided below. If the market price per share (plus expected per share fees) on the valuation date equals or exceeds NAV per share on that date, the Fund will issue new shares to participants at NAV; provided, however, that if the NAV is less than 95% of the market price on the valuation date, then such shares will be issued at 95% of the market price. The valuation date will be the payable date for such distribution or dividend or, if that date is not a trading day on the NYSE, the immediately preceding trading date. If NAV exceeds the market price of Fund shares at such time, or if the Fund should declare an income dividend or capital gains distribution payable only in cash, the Plan Agent will, as agent for the participants, buy Fund shares in the open market, on the NYSE or elsewhere, for the participants’ accounts on, or shortly after, the payment date. If, before the Plan Agent has completed its purchases, the market price exceeds the NAV of the Fund share, the average per share purchase price paid by the Plan Agent may exceed the NAV of the Fund’s shares, resulting in the acquisition of fewer shares than if the distribution had been paid in shares issued by the Fund on the dividend payment date. Because of

the foregoing difficulty with respect to open-market purchases, the Plan provides that if the Plan Agent is unable to invest the full dividend amount in open-market purchases during the purchase period or if the market discount shifts to a market premium during the purchase period, the Plan Agent will cease making open-market purchases and will receive the uninvested portion of the dividend amount in newly issued shares at the close of business on the last purchase date.

Participants have the option of making additional cash payments of a minimum of $50 per investment (by check, one-time online bank debit or recurring automatic monthly ACH debit) to the Plan Agent for investment in the Fund’s common stock, with an annual maximum contribution of $250,000. The Plan Agent will wait up to three business days after receipt of a check or electronic funds transfer to ensure it receives good funds. Following confirmation of receipt of good funds, the Plan Agent will use all such funds received from participants to purchase Fund shares in the open market on the 25th day of each month or the next trading day if the 25th is not a trading day.

If the participant sets up recurring automatic monthly ACH debits, funds will be withdrawn from his or her U.S. bank account on the 20th of each month or the next business day if the 20th is not a banking business day and invested on the next investment date. The Plan Agent maintains all shareholder accounts in the Plan and furnishes written confirmations of all transactions in an account, including information needed by shareholders for personal and tax records. Shares in the account of each Plan participant will be held by the Plan Agent in the name of the participant, and each shareholder’s proxy will include those shares purchased pursuant to the Plan. There will be no brokerage charges with respect to common shares issued directly by the Fund. However, each participant will pay a per share fee of $0.02 incurred with respect to the Plan Agent’s open market purchases in connection with the reinvestment of dividends, capital gains distributions and voluntary cash payments made by the participant. Per share fees include any applicable brokerage commissions the Plan Agent is required to pay.

Participants also have the option of selling their shares through the Plan. The Plan supports two types of sales orders. Batch order sales are submitted on each market day and will be grouped with other sale requests to be sold. The price will be the average sale price obtained by Computershare’s broker, net of fees, for each batch order and will be sold generally within 2 business days of the request during regular open market hours. Please note that all written sales requests are always processed by Batch Order. ($10 and $0.12 per share). Market Order sales will sell at the next available trade. The shares are sold real time when they hit the market, however an available trade must be presented to complete this transaction. Market Order sales may only

66	abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc.

be requested by phone at 1-800-647-0584 or using Investor Center through www.computershare.com/buyaberdeen. ($25 and $0.12 per share).

The receipt of dividends and distributions under the Plan will not relieve participants of any income tax that may be payable on such dividends or distributions. The Fund or the Plan Agent may terminate the Plan as applied to any voluntary cash payments made and any dividend or distribution paid subsequent to notice of the termination sent to members of the Plan at least 30 days prior to the record date for such dividend or distribution. The Plan also may be amended by

the Fund or the Plan Agent, but (except when necessary or appropriate to comply with applicable law or the rules or policies of the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other regulatory authority) only by mailing a written notice at least 30 days prior to the effective date to the participants in the Plan. All correspondence concerning the Plan should be directed to the Plan Agent by phone at 1-800-647-0584, using Investor Center through www.computershare.com/buyaberdeen or in writing to Computershare Trust Company N.A., P.O. Box 43006, Providence, RI 02940-3078. 

abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc.

67

Directors

P. Gerald Malone, Chair
Radhika Ajmera
Stephen Bird
William J. Potter
Moritz Sell

Investment Manager

abrdn Asia Limited
7 Straits View
#23-04 Marina One East Tower
Singapore 018936

Investment Sub-Adviser

abrdn Investments Limited
10 Queen's Terrace
Aberdeen, AB10 1XL
Scotland, United Kingdom

Administrator

abrdn Inc.
1900 Market Street, Suite 200
Philadelphia, PA 19103

Custodian

State Street Bank and Trust Company
One Congress Street, Suite 1
Boston, MA 02114-2016

Transfer Agent

Computershare Trust Company, N.A.
P.O. Box 43006
Providence, RI 02940-3078

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

KPMG LLP
1601 Market Street
Philadelphia, PA 19103

Legal Counsel

Dechert LLP
1900 K Street N.W.
Washington D.C. 20006

Investor Relations

abrdn Inc.
1900 Market Street, Suite 200
Philadelphia, PA 19103
1-800-522-5465
Investor.Relations@abrdn.com

Notice is hereby given in accordance with Section 23(c) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, that the Fund may purchase, from time to time, shares of its common stock in the open market.

Shares of abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc. are traded on the NYSE American under the symbol “FAX”. Information about the Fund’s net asset value and market price is available at www.abrdnfax.com.

This report, including the financial information herein, is transmitted to the shareholders of abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc. for their general information only. It does not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and the particular needs of any specific person. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.