NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1
.
GENERAL
ITC Holdings Corp. and its subsidiaries are engaged in the transmission of electricity in the United States. Through our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries, we own and operate high-voltage systems in Michigan’s Lower Peninsula and portions of Iowa, Minnesota, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas and Oklahoma that transmit electricity from generating stations to local distribution facilities connected to our systems. Our business strategy is to own, operate, maintain and invest in transmission infrastructure in order to enhance system integrity and reliability, reduce transmission constraints and support new generating resources to interconnect to our transmission systems. We also are pursuing transmission development projects not within our existing systems, which are also intended to improve overall grid reliability, reduce transmission constraints and facilitate interconnections of new generating resources, as well as enhance competitive wholesale electricity markets.
Our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries are independent electric transmission utilities, with rates regulated by the FERC and established on a cost-of-service model. ITCTransmission’s service area is located in southeastern Michigan, while METC’s service area covers approximately two-thirds of Michigan’s Lower Peninsula and is contiguous with ITCTransmission’s service area. ITC Midwest’s service area is located in portions of Iowa, Minnesota, Illinois and Missouri and ITC Great Plains currently owns assets located in Kansas and Oklahoma. MISO bills and collects revenues from the MISO Regulated Operating Subsidiaries’ customers. SPP bills and collects revenue from ITC Great Plains customers. ITC Interconnection currently owns assets in Michigan and earns revenues based on its facilities reimbursement agreement with a merchant generating company.
2
.
THE MERGER
On
February 9, 2016, Fortis
, FortisUS, Merger Sub and ITC Holdings entered into the Merger Agreement, pursuant to which Merger Sub would merge with and into ITC Holdings with ITC Holdings continuing as a surviving corporation and becoming a majority owned indirect subsidiary of Fortis. On April 20, 2016, FortisUS assigned its rights, interest, duties and obligations under the Merger Agreement to Investment Holdings, a subsidiary of FortisUS formed to complete the Merger. On the same date, Fortis reached a definitive agreement with a subsidiary of GIC for that subsidiary to acquire an indirect
19.9%
equity interest in ITC Holdings and debt securities to be issued by Investment Holdings for aggregate consideration of
$1.228 billion
in cash upon completion of the Merger. On
October 14, 2016
, ITC Holdings and Fortis completed the Merger contemplated by the Merger Agreement consistent with the terms described above. On the same date, the common shares of ITC Holdings were delisted from the NYSE and the common shares of Fortis were listed and began trading on the NYSE. Fortis continues to have its shares listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.
In the Merger, ITC Holdings shareholders received
$22.57
in cash and
0.7520
Fortis common shares for each share of common stock of ITC Holdings (the “Merger consideration”). Upon completion of the Merger, ITC Holdings shareholders held approximately
27%
of the common shares of Fortis. The per share amount of the Merger consideration determined in accordance with the Merger Agreement and used for purposes of settling the share-based awards was
$45.72
. We elected not to apply pushdown accounting to ITC Holdings or its subsidiaries in connection with the Merger. Under the Merger Agreement, outstanding share-based awards vested as described in
Note 14
.
For the year ended
December 31, 2017
, we expensed approximately
$5 million
related to the Merger for internal labor and associated costs. For the
year ended December 31, 2016
, expenses related to the Merger for internal labor and associated costs were approximately
$58 million
and external legal, advisory and financial services fees were approximately
$55 million
. For the
year ended December 31, 2016
, the internal labor and associated costs included approximately
$41 million
of expense that was recognized due to the accelerated vesting of the share-based awards described in
Note 14
. The majority of these Merger-related costs were recorded within general and administrative expenses. The external and internal costs related to the Merger were recorded at ITC Holdings and have not been included as components of revenue requirement at our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries.
3
.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Recently Issued Pronouncements
We have considered all new accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB and concluded the following accounting guidance, which has not yet been adopted by us, may have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
In May 2014, the FASB issued authoritative guidance requiring entities to apply a new model for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. Subsequent updates have been issued primarily to provide implementation guidance related to the initial guidance issued in May 2014. The guidance supersedes the current revenue recognition guidance and requires entities to evaluate their revenue recognition arrangements using a five-step model to determine when a customer obtains control of a transferred good or service.
Substantially all of our revenue from contracts with customers is generated from providing transmission services to customers based on tariff rates, as approved by the FERC, and is considered to be in the scope of the new guidance. The true-up mechanisms under our formula rates are considered alternative revenue programs of rate-regulated utilities and are outside the scope of the new guidance, as they are not considered contracts with customers. Based on our assessment of the new guidance, we do not expect the implementation of the new standard will have a material impact on the amount and timing of revenue recognition. However, we expect to present revenues arising from alternative revenue programs separately from revenues in the scope of the new guidance in the statements of operations. In addition, we expect to add footnote disclosures to address the requirements in the guidance to provide more information regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows as well as changes in accounts receivable from customers. We are in the process of drafting these disclosures as we continue to work towards implementation of the guidance.
The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and may be adopted using either (a) a full retrospective method, whereby comparative periods would be restated to present the impact of the new standard, with the cumulative effect of applying the standard recognized as of the earliest period presented, or (b) a modified retrospective method, under which comparative periods would not be restated and the cumulative effect of applying the standard would be recognized at the date of initial adoption, January 1, 2018. We expect to adopt the guidance using the modified retrospective approach. We have elected not to early adopt.
Recognition and Measurement of Financial Instruments
In January 2016, the FASB issued authoritative guidance amending the classification and measurement of financial instruments. The guidance requires entities to carry most investments in equity securities at fair value and recognize changes in fair value in net income, unless the investment results in consolidation or equity method accounting. Additionally, the new guidance amends certain disclosure requirements associated with the fair value of financial instruments. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance is required to be adopted using a modified retrospective approach, with limited exceptions. Upon adoption of the standard, we expect certain of our investments currently accounted for as available-for-sale with changes in fair value recorded in other comprehensive income will be required to be accounted for with changes in fair value in net income; however, we do not expect this change in accounting will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. We are continuing to assess the impact this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements, including our disclosures.
Accounting for Leases
In February 2016, the FASB issued authoritative guidance on accounting for leases, which impacts accounting by lessees as well as lessors. The new guidance creates a dual approach for lessee accounting, with lease classification determined in accordance with principles in existing lease guidance. Income statement presentation differs depending on the lease classification; however, both types of leases result in lessees recognizing a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, with limited exceptions. Under existing accounting guidance, operating leases are not recorded on the balance sheet of lessees. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years and will be applied using a modified retrospective approach, with possible optional practical expedients. Early adoption is permitted; however, we have elected not to early adopt. We are currently assessing the impact this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements, including our disclosures.
Presentation of Restricted Cash in the Statement of Cash Flows
In November 2016, the FASB issued authoritative guidance on the presentation of restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents within the statement of cash flows. The new guidance specifies that restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents shall be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The guidance does not, however, provide a definition of restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted; however, we have elected not to early adopt. The guidance is required to be adopted using a retrospective approach to each period presented. We are currently assessing the impact this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements, including our disclosures.
Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost
In March 2017, the FASB issued guidance that requires entities to disaggregate the current service cost component of net benefit cost (i.e., net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost) and present it in the same income statement line item as other current compensation costs for employees. Entities are required to present the other components of net benefit cost elsewhere in the income statement and outside income from operations. The line or lines containing such other components must be appropriately described on the face of the income statement; otherwise, disclosure of the location of such other costs in the income statement is required. In addition, the new guidance allows capitalization of only the service cost component of net benefit cost. The new guidance is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The changes to the presentation of net benefit cost in the income statement are required to be adopted retrospectively (with a possible practical expedient) while the changes regarding cost capitalization are required to be adopted prospectively. We are currently assessing the impact this guidance will have on our financial statements, including our disclosures.
Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities
In August 2017, the FASB issued authoritative guidance to make targeted improvements to hedge accounting to better align with an entity’s risk management objectives and to reduce the complexity of hedge accounting. Among other changes, the new guidance simplifies hedge accounting by (a) allowing more time for entities to complete initial quantitative hedge effectiveness assessments, (b) enabling entities to elect to perform subsequent effectiveness assessments qualitatively, (c) eliminating the concept of recognizing periodic hedge ineffectiveness for cash flow hedges, (d) requiring the change in fair value of a derivative to be recorded in the same income statement line item as the earnings effect of the hedged item, and (e) permitting additional hedge strategies to qualify for hedge accounting. In addition, the guidance modifies existing disclosure requirements and adds new disclosure requirements, including tabular disclosures about both (a) the total amounts reported in the income statement for each income and expense line item that is affected by hedging and (b) the effects of hedging on those line items. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance is required to be adopted on a modified retrospective basis to existing hedging relationships and on a prospective basis for the presentation and disclosure requirements. We do not expect a significant impact upon adoption, but we would add the additional required disclosures to the extent we have outstanding hedges upon adoption. We are considering early adoption in 2018.
4
.
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
A summary of the major accounting policies followed in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements, which conform to GAAP, is presented below:
Principles of Consolidation
— ITC Holdings consolidates its majority owned subsidiaries. We eliminate all intercompany balances and transactions.
Use of Estimates
— The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires us to use estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from our estimates.
Regulation
— Our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries are subject to the regulatory jurisdiction of the FERC, which issues orders pertaining to rates, recovery of certain costs, including the costs of transmission assets and regulatory assets, conditions of service, accounting, financing authorization and operating-related matters. The utility operations of our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries meet the accounting standards set forth by the FASB for the accounting effects of certain types of regulation. These accounting standards recognize the cost based rate setting process, which results in differences in the application of GAAP between regulated and non-regulated businesses. These standards require the recording of regulatory assets and liabilities for certain transactions that would have been recorded as revenue and expense in non-regulated businesses. Regulatory assets represent costs that will be included as a component of future tariff rates and regulatory liabilities represent amounts provided in the current tariff rates that are intended to recover costs expected to be incurred in the future or amounts to be refunded to customers.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
— We consider all unrestricted highly-liquid temporary investments with an original maturity of
three months
or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
— The following table presents certain supplementary cash flows information for the years ended
December 31, 2017
,
2016
and
2015
:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
(In millions)
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
|
2015
|
Supplementary cash flows information:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest paid (net of interest capitalized) (a)
|
$
|
213
|
|
|
$
|
190
|
|
|
$
|
191
|
|
Income taxes paid (b)
|
—
|
|
|
23
|
|
|
56
|
|
Supplementary non-cash investing and financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additions to property, plant and equipment and other long-lived assets (c)
|
$
|
87
|
|
|
$
|
93
|
|
|
$
|
110
|
|
Allowance for equity funds used during construction
|
33
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
28
|
|
____________________________
|
|
(a)
|
Amount for the year ended
December 31, 2017
includes
$9 million
of interest paid associated with the ROE complaints. See
Note 17
for information on the ROE complaints.
|
|
|
(b)
|
Amount for the year ended
December 31, 2016
does not include the income tax refund of
$128 million
received from the IRS in August 2016, which resulted from the election of bonus depreciation as described in
Note 5
.
|
|
|
(c)
|
Amounts consist of current and accrued liabilities for construction, labor, materials and other costs that have not been included in investing activities. These amounts have not been paid for as of
December 31, 2017
,
2016
or
2015
, respectively, but have been or will be included as a cash outflow from investing activities for expenditures for property, plant and equipment when paid.
|
Excess tax benefits are recognized as an adjustment to income tax expense in the statement of operations. Cash retained as a result of those excess tax benefits is presented in the statement of cash flows as cash inflows from operating activities.
Accounts Receivable
— We recognize losses for uncollectible accounts based on specific identification of any such items. As of
December 31, 2017
and
2016
, we did not have an accounts receivable reserve.
Inventories
— Materials and supplies inventories are valued at average cost. Additionally, the costs of warehousing activities are recorded here and included in the cost of materials when requisitioned.
Property, Plant and Equipment
— Depreciation and amortization expense on property, plant and equipment was
$160 million
,
$149 million
and
$136 million
for
2017
,
2016
and
2015
, respectively.
Property, plant and equipment in service at our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries is stated at its original cost when first devoted to utility service. The gross book value of assets retired less salvage proceeds is charged to accumulated depreciation. The provision for depreciation of transmission assets is a significant
component of our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries’ cost of service under FERC-approved rates. Depreciation is computed over the estimated useful lives of the assets using the straight-line method for financial reporting purposes and accelerated methods for income tax reporting purposes. The composite depreciation rate for our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries included in our consolidated statements of operations was
2.0%
,
2.0%
and
2.1%
for
2017
,
2016
and
2015
, respectively. The composite depreciation rates include depreciation primarily on transmission station equipment, towers, poles and overhead and underground lines that have a useful life ranging from
45
to
60 years
. The portion of depreciation expense related to asset removal costs is added to regulatory liabilities or deducted from regulatory assets and removal costs incurred are deducted from regulatory liabilities or added to regulatory assets. Certain of our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries capitalize to property, plant and equipment AFUDC in accordance with the FERC regulations. AFUDC represents the composite cost incurred to fund the construction of assets, including interest expense and a return on equity capital devoted to construction of assets. The interest component of AFUDC of
$9 million
,
$9 million
and
$7 million
was a reduction to interest expense for
2017
,
2016
and
2015
, respectively.
For acquisitions of property, plant and equipment greater than the net book value (other than asset acquisitions accounted for under the purchase method of accounting that result in goodwill), the acquisition premium is recorded to property, plant and equipment and amortized over the estimated remaining useful lives of the assets using the straight-line method for financial reporting purposes and accelerated methods for income tax reporting purposes.
Property, plant and equipment includes capital equipment inventory stated at original cost consisting of items that are expected to be used exclusively for capital projects.
Property, plant and equipment at ITC Holdings and non-regulated subsidiaries is stated at its acquired cost. Proceeds from salvage less the net book value of the disposed assets is recognized as a gain or loss on disposal. Depreciation is computed based on the acquired cost less expected residual value and is recognized over the estimated useful lives of the assets on a straight-line method for financial reporting purposes and accelerated methods for income tax reporting purposes.
Generator Interconnection Projects and Contributions in Aid of Construction
— Certain capital investment at our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries relates to investments made under generator interconnection agreements. The generator interconnection agreements typically consist of both transmission network upgrades, which are a category of upgrades deemed by the FERC to benefit the transmission system as a whole, as well as direct connection facilities, which are necessary to interconnect the generating facility to the transmission system and primarily benefit the generating facility. As a result, generator interconnection agreements typically require the generator to make a contribution in aid of construction to our Regulatory Operating Subsidiaries to cover the cost of certain investments made by us as part of the agreement
.
Our investments in transmission facilities are recorded to property, plant and equipment, and are recorded net of any contribution in aid of construction. We also receive refundable deposits from the generator for certain investment in network upgrade facilities in advance of construction, which are recorded to current or non-current liabilities depending on the expected refund date.
Available-For-Sale Securities
—
We have certain investments in debt and equity securities that are classified as available-for-sale securities. These investments currently fund our two supplemental nonqualified, noncontributory, retirement benefit plans for selected management employees as described in
Note 11
. Unrealized gains recorded for the investments are reported, net of tax, as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). Any unrealized losses (where cost exceeds fair market value) on the investments will also be reported, net of tax, as a component of other comprehensive income (loss), unless the unrealized loss is other than temporary, in which case it would be recorded as an investment loss in the consolidated statements of operations.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
— Other than goodwill, our long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the expected undiscounted future cash flows generated by the asset, the asset is written down to its estimated fair value and an impairment loss is recognized in our consolidated statements of operations.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
— Goodwill is not subject to amortization; however, goodwill is required to be assessed for impairment, and a resulting write-down, if any, is to be reflected in operating expense. We have goodwill recorded relating to our acquisitions of ITCTransmission and METC and ITC Midwest’s acquisition of the IP&L transmission assets. Goodwill is reviewed at the reporting unit level at least annually for impairment and whenever facts or circumstances indicate that the value of goodwill may be impaired. Our reporting units are ITCTransmission, METC and ITC Midwest as each entity represents an individual operating segment to which goodwill has been assigned.
In order to perform an impairment analysis, we have the option of performing a qualitative assessment to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, in which case no further testing is required. If an entity bypasses the qualitative assessment or performs a qualitative assessment but determines that it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount, a quantitative, fair value-based test is performed to assess and measure goodwill impairment, if any. If a quantitative assessment is performed, we determine the fair value of our reporting units using valuation techniques based on discounted future cash flows under various scenarios and consider estimates of market-based valuation multiples for companies within the peer group of our reporting units.
We completed our annual goodwill impairment test for our reporting units as of
October 1, 2017
and determined that
no
impairment exists. There were no events subsequent to
October 1, 2017
, including the enactment of the TCJA, that indicated impairment of our goodwill. Our intangible assets other than goodwill have finite lives and are amortized over their useful lives. Refer to
Note 7
for additional discussion on our goodwill and intangible assets.
Deferred Financing Fees and Discount or Premium on Debt
— Costs related to the issuance of long-term debt are generally recorded as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt and amortized over the life of the debt issue. Debt issuance costs incurred prior to the associated debt funding are presented as an asset. Unamortized debt issuance costs associated with the revolving credit agreements, commercial paper and other similar arrangements are presented as an asset (regardless of whether there are any amounts outstanding under those credit facilities) and amortized over the life of the particular arrangement. The debt discount or premium related to the issuance of long-term debt is recorded to long-term debt and amortized over the life of the debt issue. We recorded
$4 million
to interest expense for the amortization of deferred financing fees and debt discounts during each of the years ended
December 31, 2017
,
2016
and
2015
.
Asset Retirement Obligations
— A conditional asset retirement obligation is a legal obligation to perform an asset retirement activity in which the timing and/or method of settlement are conditional on a future event that may or may not be within our control. We have identified conditional asset retirement obligations primarily associated with the removal of equipment containing PCBs and asbestos. We record a liability at fair value for a legal asset retirement obligation in the period in which it is incurred. When a new legal obligation is recorded, we capitalize the costs of the liability by increasing the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. We accrete the liability to its present value each period and depreciate the capitalized cost over the useful life of the related asset. At the end of the asset’s useful life, we settle the obligation for its recorded amount. We recognize regulatory assets for the timing differences between the incurred costs to settle our legal asset retirement obligations and the recognition of such obligations as applicable for our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries. There were no significant changes to our asset retirement obligations in
2017
. Our asset retirement obligations as of
December 31, 2017
and
2016
of
$6 million
and
$5 million
, respectively, are included in other liabilities.
Financial Instruments
— For derivative instruments that have been designated and qualify as cash flow hedges of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, the gain or loss on the derivative is initially reported, net of tax, as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) and reclassified to the consolidated statement of operations when the underlying hedged transaction affects net income. Any hedge ineffectiveness is recognized in net income immediately at the time the gain or loss on the derivative instruments is calculated. Refer to
Note 9
for additional discussion regarding derivative instruments. Cash flows related to derivative instruments that are designated in hedging relationships are generally classified on the statement of cash flows in the same category as the cash flows from the associated hedged item.
Contingent Obligations
— We are subject to a number of federal and state laws and regulations, as well as other factors and conditions that potentially subject us to environmental, litigation and other risks. We periodically evaluate our exposure to such risks and record liabilities for those matters when a loss is considered probable and reasonably estimable. Our liabilities exclude any estimates for legal costs not yet incurred associated with handling these matters. The adequacy of liabilities can be significantly affected by external events or conditions that can be unpredictable; thus, the ultimate outcome of such matters could materially affect our consolidated financial statements.
Revenues
— Revenues from the transmission of electricity are recognized as services are provided based on FERC-approved cost-based formula rates. We record a reserve for revenue subject to refund when such refund is probable and can be reasonably estimated. This reserve is recorded as a reduction to operating revenues.
The cost-based formula rates at our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries include a true-up mechanism that compares the actual revenue requirements of our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries to their billed revenues for each year to determine any over- or under-collection of revenue requirements
and record a revenue accrual or deferral for the difference. Refer to
Note 5
under “Cost-Based Formula Rates with True-Up Mechanism” for a discussion of our revenue accounting under our cost-based formula rates.
Share-Based Payment and Employee Share Purchase Plan
— We have an Omnibus Plan, pursuant to which we may grant long term incentive awards of performance-based units and service-based units. The awards are classified as liability awards based on the cash settlement feature. The award units earn dividend equivalents which are also settled in cash at the end of the vesting period. Compensation cost is recognized over the expected vesting period and remeasured each reporting period based on Fortis’ stock price. The PBUs are also remeasured each reporting period based on the applicable market and performance conditions in the awards. Compensation cost is adjusted for forfeitures in the period in which they occur and the final measure of compensation cost for the awards is based on the cash settlement amount.
We also have an Employee Share Purchase Plan which enables ITC employees to purchase shares of Fortis common stock. Our cost of the plan is based on the value of our contribution, as additional compensation to a participating employee, equal to
10%
of an employee’s contribution up to a maximum annual contribution of
1%
of an employee’s base pay and an amount equal to
10%
of all dividends payable by Fortis on the Fortis shares allocated to an employee’s ESPP account.
Refer to
Note 14
for additional discussion of the plans.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
— Comprehensive income (loss) is the change in common stockholder’s equity during a period arising from transactions and events from non-owner sources, including net income, any gain or loss recognized for the effective portion of our interest rate swaps and any unrealized gain or loss associated with our available-for-sale securities.
Income Taxes
— Deferred income taxes are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the consolidated financial statements or tax returns. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statements and the tax bases of various assets and liabilities, using the tax rates expected to be in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse, and classified as non-current in our consolidated statements of financial position.
The accounting standards for uncertainty in income taxes prescribe a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for tax positions taken, or expected to be taken, in a tax return that may not be sustainable. As of
December 31, 2017
, we have not recognized any uncertain income tax positions.
We file income tax returns with the IRS and with various state and city jurisdictions. We are no longer subject to U.S. federal tax examinations for tax years 2012 and earlier. State and city jurisdictions that remain subject to examination range from tax years 2013 to 2016. In the event we are assessed interest or penalties by any income tax jurisdictions, interest and penalties would be recorded as interest expense and other expense, respectively, in our consolidated statements of operations.
Refer to Notes
6
and
10
for additional discussion on income taxes and tax reform.
5
.
REGULATORY MATTERS
Cost-Based Formula Rates with True-Up Mechanism
The transmission revenue requirements at our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries are set annually, using a FERC-approved formula that is used to calculate rates (“formula rates”), and remain in effect for a
one
-year period. By updating the inputs to the formula and resulting rates on an annual basis, the revenues at our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries reflect changing operational data and financial performance, including the amount of network load on their transmission systems (for our MISO Regulated Operating Subsidiaries), operating expenses and additions to property, plant and equipment when placed in service, among other items. The formula used to derive the rates does not require further action or FERC filings each year, although the formula inputs remain subject to legal challenge at the FERC. Our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries will continue to use the formula to calculate their respective annual revenue requirements unless the FERC determines the resulting rates to be unjust and unreasonable and another mechanism is determined by the FERC to be just and reasonable. See “Rate of Return on Equity Complaints” in
Note 17
for detail on ROE matters for our MISO Regulated Operating Subsidiaries.
The cost-based formula rates at our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries include a true-up mechanism that compares the actual revenue requirements of our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries to their billed revenues for each year to determine any over- or under-collection of revenue requirements
. Revenue is recognized for services provided during each reporting period based on actual revenue requirements calculated using the formula. Our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries accrue or defer revenues to the extent that the actual revenue requirement for the reporting period is higher or lower, respectively, than the amounts billed relating to that reporting period. The amount of accrued or deferred revenues is reflected in future revenue requirements and thus flows through to customer bills within
two
years under the provisions of our formula rates.
The net changes in regulatory assets and liabilities associated with our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries’ formula rate revenue accruals and deferrals, including accrued interest, were as follows during the
year ended December 31, 2017
:
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
Total
|
Net regulatory liability as of December 31, 2016
|
|
$
|
(1
|
)
|
Net collection of 2015 revenue deferrals and accruals, including accrued interest
|
|
(15
|
)
|
Net revenue deferral for the year ended December 31, 2017
|
|
(17
|
)
|
Net accrued interest payable for the year ended December 31, 2017
|
|
(2
|
)
|
Net regulatory liability as of December 31, 2017
|
|
$
|
(35
|
)
|
Regulatory assets and liabilities associated with our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries’ formula rate revenue accruals and deferrals, including accrued interest, are recorded in the consolidated statements of financial position at
December 31, 2017
and
2016
as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
2017
|
2016
|
Current regulatory assets
|
|
$
|
18
|
|
$
|
24
|
|
Non-current regulatory assets
|
|
11
|
|
16
|
|
Current regulatory liabilities
|
|
(38
|
)
|
(9
|
)
|
Non-current regulatory liabilities
|
|
(26
|
)
|
(32
|
)
|
Net regulatory liability as of December 31, 2017
|
|
$
|
(35
|
)
|
$
|
(1
|
)
|
ITCTransmission Regional Cost Allocation Refund
In October 2010, MISO and ITCTransmission made a filing with the FERC under Section 205 of the FPA to revise the MISO tariff to establish a methodology to allocate and recover costs of ITCTransmission’s PARs among MISO and other FERC-approved RTOs — the New York Independent System Operator and PJM Interconnection (“Other RTOs”). In December 2010, the FERC accepted the proposed revisions, subject to refund, while setting them for hearing and settlement procedures. On September 22, 2016, the FERC issued an order largely affirming the presiding administrative law judge’s initial decision issued in December 2012, which stated, among other things, that MISO and ITCTransmission failed to show that the Other RTOs will benefit from the operation of
ITCTransmission’s PARs. The FERC order required ITCTransmission to provide refunds within
30 days
for excess amounts collected from customers of the Other RTOs. The refunds, including interest, were provided to the Other RTOs in October 2016. On December 6, 2016, ITCTransmission made a filing with the FERC, under Section 205 of the FPA, requesting to recover the amount refunded to the Other RTOs (“regional cost allocation recovery”) in network rates during the next calendar year, beginning January 1, 2017. On January 30, 2017, the FERC issued an order approving collection of the regional cost allocation recovery in 2017. ITCTransmission recorded
$29 million
for the regional cost allocation recovery, including interest, in current regulatory assets on the consolidated statement of financial position as of
December 31, 2016
. As a result of the FERC order, ITCTransmission collected the amounts refunded, plus interest, from network customers in 2017. The regulatory asset was amortized in 2017 and
no
balance was recorded in regulatory assets related to regional cost allocation recovery as of
December 31, 2017
.
MISO Funding Policy for Generator Interconnections
On June 18, 2015, the FERC issued an order initiating a proceeding, pursuant to Section 206 of the FPA, to examine MISO’s funding policy for generator interconnections, which allowed a TO to unilaterally elect to fund network upgrades and recover such costs from the interconnection customer. In this order, the FERC found that the MISO funding policy may be unduly discriminatory, and suggested the MISO funding policy be revised to require mutual agreement between the interconnection customer and TO for the TO to utilize the election to fund network upgrades. In the absence of such mutual agreement, the facilities would be funded solely by the interconnection customer. On January 8, 2016, MISO made a compliance filing to revise its funding policy to adopt the FERC suggestion to require mutual agreement between the customer and TO, with an effective date of June 24, 2015. Our MISO Regulated Operating Subsidiaries, along with another MISO TO, have appealed the FERC’s orders on this issue. On January 26, 2018, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit issued an opinion which concluded that evidence does not support the FERC’s position as applied to TOs without affiliated generation assets. In addition, the opinion noted that the FERC did not adequately respond to the argument that an involuntary generator funding requirement would compel a TO to construct, own, and operate facilities without compensatory network upgrade charges, which would force the TO to accept additional risk without corresponding return. As a result, the court vacated the orders and remanded this case to the FERC. We do not expect the resolution of this proceeding to have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.
MISO Formula Rate Template Modifications Filing
On October 30, 2015, our MISO Regulated Operating Subsidiaries requested modifications, pursuant to Section 205 of the FPA, to certain aspects of their respective FERC-approved formula rate templates which included, among other things, changes to ensure that various income tax items are computed correctly for purposes of determining their revenue requirements. Our MISO Regulated Operating Subsidiaries requested an effective date of January 1, 2016 for the proposed template changes. On December 30, 2015, the FERC conditionally accepted the formula rate template modifications and required a further compliance filing, which was made on February 8, 2016. On April 14, 2016, the FERC issued an order accepting the February 8, 2016 compliance filing, effective January 1, 2016. The formula rate templates, prior to any proposed modifications, include certain deferred income taxes on contributions in aid of construction in rate base that resulted in recovery of excess amounts from customers. As of
December 31, 2016
, our MISO Regulated Operating Subsidiaries had recorded an aggregate refund liability of
$2 million
reported in current regulatory liabilities. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we provided the remaining refunds with interest.
Challenge Regarding Bonus Depreciation
On December 18, 2015, IP&L filed a formal challenge (“IP&L challenge”) with the FERC against ITC Midwest on certain inputs to ITC Midwest’s formula rates. The IP&L challenge alleged that ITC Midwest has unreasonably and imprudently opted out of using bonus depreciation in the calculation of its federal income tax expense and thereby unduly increased the transmission charges for transmission service to customers. On March 11, 2016, the FERC granted the IP&L challenge in part by requiring ITC Midwest to recalculate its revenue requirements, effective January 1, 2015, to simulate the election of bonus depreciation for 2015. On June 8, 2016, the FERC denied ITC Midwest’s request for rehearing of the March 11, 2016 order. On August 3, 2016, ITC Midwest filed a petition for review of the FERC’s March 11, 2016 and June 8, 2016 orders in the United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit. On September 8, 2016, ITC Midwest filed a motion to defer the petition pending the
issuance of a private letter ruling from the IRS. Following ITC Midwest’s receipt of a private letter ruling, which confirmed that ITC Midwest would not violate the IRS rules related to ratemaking by following the FERC order to calculate rates to simulate the election of bonus depreciation for the historical 2015 year, and after consideration of other relevant factors, ITC Midwest moved the court for leave to withdraw our appeal on March 15, 2017, which was granted by the Court on March 20, 2017, and this matter is now concluded. We intend to elect bonus depreciation for 2017 as permissible under the TCJA.
Rate of Return on Equity Complaints
See “Rate of Return on Equity Complaints” in
Note 17
for a discussion of the complaints.
6
.
REGULATORY ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
Regulatory Assets
The following table summarizes the regulatory asset balances at
December 31, 2017
and
2016
:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
Regulatory Assets:
|
|
|
|
Current:
|
|
|
|
Revenue accruals (including accrued interest of less than $1 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016) (a)
|
$
|
18
|
|
|
$
|
24
|
|
ITCTransmission regional cost allocation recovery (including accrued interest of less than $1 as of December 31, 2016) (b)
|
—
|
|
|
29
|
|
Total current
|
18
|
|
|
53
|
|
Non-current:
|
|
|
|
Revenue accruals (including accrued interest of less than $1 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016) (a)
|
11
|
|
|
16
|
|
ITCTransmission ADIT deferral (net of accumulated amortization of $45 and $42 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively)
|
16
|
|
|
19
|
|
METC ADIT deferral (net of accumulated amortization of $26 and $24 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively)
|
17
|
|
|
19
|
|
METC regulatory deferrals (net of accumulated amortization of $9 and $8 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively)
|
7
|
|
|
8
|
|
Income taxes recoverable related to AFUDC equity (c)
|
80
|
|
|
124
|
|
ITC Great Plains start-up, development and pre-construction (net of accumulated amortization of $3 and $2 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively)
|
10
|
|
|
11
|
|
Pensions and postretirement
|
30
|
|
|
25
|
|
Income taxes recoverable related to implementation of the Michigan Corporate Income Tax and other state excess deficient taxes (c)
|
7
|
|
|
9
|
|
Accrued asset removal costs
|
19
|
|
|
16
|
|
Total non-current
|
197
|
|
|
247
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
$
|
215
|
|
|
$
|
300
|
|
____________________________
|
|
(a)
|
Refer to discussion of revenue accruals in
Note 5
under “Cost-Based Formula Rates with True-Up Mechanism.” Our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries do not earn a return on the balance of these regulatory assets, but do accrue interest carrying costs, which are subject to rate recovery along with the principal amount of the revenue accrual.
|
|
|
(b)
|
Refer to discussion of ITCTransmission regional cost allocation recovery in
Note 5
under “ITCTransmission Regional Cost Allocation Refund.”
|
|
|
(c)
|
In 2017, income taxes recoverable related to AFUDC equity and income taxes recoverable related to implementation of the Michigan Corporate Income Tax and other state excess deficient taxes decreased by
$63 million
and
$2 million
, respectively, as a result of the implementation of the TCJA. Refer to discussion of the TCJA in
Note 10
.
|
ITCTransmission ADIT Deferral
The carrying amount of the ITC Transmission ADIT Deferral is the remaining unamortized balance of the portion of ITCTransmission’s purchase price in excess of fair value of net assets acquired from DTE Energy approved for inclusion in future rates by the FERC. The original amount recorded for this regulatory asset of
$61 million
is recognized in rates and amortized on a straight-line basis over
20
years beginning March 1, 2003. ITCTransmission includes the remaining unamortized balance of this regulatory asset in rate base. ITCTransmission recorded amortization expense of
$3 million
annually during
2017
,
2016
and
2015
, which is included in depreciation and amortization and recovered through ITCTransmission’s cost-based formula rate template.
METC ADIT Deferral
The carrying amount of the METC ADIT Deferral is the remaining unamortized balance of the portion of METC’s purchase price in excess of the fair value of net assets acquired at the time MTH acquired METC from Consumers Energy. The original amount approved for recovery recorded for this regulatory asset of
$43 million
is recognized in rates and amortized on a straight-line basis over
18
years beginning January 1, 2007. METC includes the remaining unamortized balance of this regulatory asset in rate base. METC recorded amortization expense of
$2 million
annually during
2017
,
2016
and
2015
, which is included in depreciation and amortization and recovered through METC’s cost-based formula rate template.
METC Regulatory Deferrals
The carrying amount of the METC Regulatory Deferrals is the amount METC has deferred, as a regulatory asset, depreciation and related interest expense associated with new transmission assets placed in service from January 1, 2001 through December 31, 2005 that were included on METC’s balance sheet at the time MTH acquired METC from Consumers Energy. The original amount recorded for this regulatory asset of
$15 million
, and approved for inclusion in future rates by the FERC, is recognized in rates and amortized over
20
years beginning January 1, 2007. METC includes the remaining unamortized balance of this regulatory asset in rate base. METC recorded amortization expense of
$1 million
annually during
2017
,
2016
and
2015
, which is included in depreciation and amortization and recovered through METC’s cost-based formula rate template.
Income Taxes Recoverable Related to AFUDC Equity
Accounting standards for income taxes provide that a regulatory asset be recorded if it is probable that a future increase in taxes payable, relating to the book depreciation of AFUDC equity that has been capitalized to property, plant and equipment, will be recovered from customers through future rates. The regulatory asset for the tax effects of AFUDC equity is recovered over the life of the underlying book asset in a manner that is consistent with the depreciation of the AFUDC equity that has been capitalized to property, plant and equipment. This regulatory asset and the related offsetting deferred income tax liabilities do not affect rate base.
ITC Great Plains Start-Up, Development and Pre-Construction
In 2013, ITC Great Plains made a filing with the FERC, under Section 205 of the FPA, to recover start-up, development and pre-construction expenses in future rates. These expenses included certain costs incurred by ITC Great Plains for two regional cost sharing projects in Kansas prior to construction. In March 2015, FERC accepted ITC Great Plains’ request to commence amortization of the authorized regulatory assets, subject to refund, and set the matter for hearing and settlement judge procedures. In December 2015, the FERC issued an order accepting an uncontested settlement agreement establishing the amounts of the regulatory assets and associated carrying charges to be recovered. ITC Great Plains includes the unamortized balance of these regulatory assets in rate base and will amortize them over a
10
-year period, beginning in the second quarter of 2015. The amortization expense is recorded to general and administrative expenses and recovered through ITC Great Plains’ cost-based formula rate.
Pensions and Postretirement
Accounting standards for defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans for rate-regulated entities allow for amounts that otherwise would have been charged and/or credited to AOCI to be recorded as a regulatory asset or liability. As the unrecognized amounts recorded to this regulatory asset are recognized, expenses will be recovered from customers in future rates under our cost based formula rates. This regulatory asset is not included when determining rate base.
Income Taxes Recoverable Related to Implementation of the
Michigan Corporate Income Tax
In May 2011, the Michigan Business Tax was repealed and replaced with the Michigan Corporate Income Tax, effective January 1, 2012. Under the Michigan Corporate Income Tax, we are taxed at a rate of
6.0%
on federal taxable income attributable to our operations in the state of Michigan, subject to certain adjustments. In addition to the traditional income tax, the Michigan Business Tax had also included a modified gross receipts tax that allowed for deductions and credits for certain activities, none of which are part of the Michigan Corporate Income Tax. The change in Michigan tax law required us in 2011 to remove deferred income tax balances recognized under the Michigan Business Tax and establish new deferred income tax balances under the Michigan Corporate Income Tax, and the net result was incremental deferred state income tax liabilities at both ITCTransmission and METC. Under our cost-based formula rate, the future tax receivable as a result of the tax law change has resulted in the recognition of a regulatory asset, which will be collected from customers for the
23
-year period and the
32
-year period for ITCTransmission and METC, respectively, beginning in 2016. ITCTransmission and METC include this regulatory asset within deferred taxes for rate-making purposes when determining rate base.
Accrued Asset Removal Costs
The carrying amount of the accrued asset removal costs represents the difference between incurred costs to remove property, plant and equipment and the estimated removal costs included and collected in rates. The portion of depreciation expense included in our depreciation rates related to asset removal costs reduces this regulatory asset and removal costs incurred are added to this regulatory asset. In addition, this regulatory asset has also been adjusted for timing differences between incurred costs to settle legal asset retirement obligations and the recognition of such obligations under the standards set forth by the FASB. Our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries include this item, excluding the cost component related to the recognition of our legal asset retirement obligations under the standards set forth by the FASB, as a reduction to accumulated depreciation for rate-making purposes, when determining rate base.
Regulatory Liabilities
The following table summarizes the regulatory liability balances at
December 31, 2017
and
2016
:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
Regulatory Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
Current:
|
|
|
|
Revenue deferrals (including accrued interest of $2 and less than $1 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively) (a)
|
$
|
38
|
|
|
$
|
9
|
|
Refund related to the formula rate template modifications (including accrued interest of $1 as of December 31, 2016) (b)
|
—
|
|
|
2
|
|
Estimated refund related to return on equity complaints (including accrued interest of $11 and $9 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.) (c)
|
145
|
|
|
118
|
|
Total current
|
183
|
|
|
129
|
|
Non-current:
|
|
|
|
Revenue deferrals (including accrued interest of $1 and $1 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively) (a)
|
26
|
|
|
32
|
|
Accrued asset removal costs
|
72
|
|
|
68
|
|
Estimated refund related to return on equity complaint (including accrued interest of $6 as of December 31, 2016) (c)
|
—
|
|
|
140
|
|
Excess state income tax deductions (d)
|
7
|
|
|
9
|
|
Income taxes refundable related to implementation of the TCJA (d)
|
514
|
|
|
—
|
|
Total non-current
|
619
|
|
|
249
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
$
|
802
|
|
|
$
|
378
|
|
____________________________
|
|
(a)
|
Refer to discussion of revenue deferrals in
Note 5
under “Cost-Based Formula Rates with True-Up Mechanism.” Our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries accrue interest on the true-up amounts which will be refunded through rates along with the principal amount of revenue deferrals in future periods.
|
|
|
(b)
|
Refer to discussion of the refund in
Note 5
under “MISO Formula Rate Template Modifications Filing.”
|
|
|
(c)
|
Refer to discussion of the refund and estimated refund in
Note 17
under “Rate of Return on Equity Complaints.”
|
|
|
(d)
|
In 2017, net non-current regulatory liabilities of
$512 million
were recorded related to the implementation of the TCJA. A regulatory liability of
$514 million
was recorded for income taxes refundable related to the implementation, while the regulatory liability for excess state income tax deductions was reduced by
$2 million
. Refer to discussion of the TCJA in
Note 10
.
|
Accrued Asset Removal Costs
The carrying amount of the accrued asset removal costs represents the difference between incurred costs to remove property, plant and equipment and the estimated removal costs included and collected in rates. The portion of depreciation expense included in our depreciation rates related to asset removal costs is added to this regulatory liability and removal expenditures incurred are charged to this regulatory liability. Our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries include this item within accumulated depreciation for rate-making purposes and determining rate base.
Excess State Income Tax Deductions
We have taken state income tax deductions associated with property additions that exceed the tax basis of property, and the unrealized income tax benefits resulting from these deductions are expected to be refunded to customers through future rates when the income tax benefits are realized. This regulatory liability is included within deferred taxes for rate-making purposes when determining rate base.
Income Taxes Refundable Related to Implementation of the TCJA
In December 2017, the President of the United States signed into law the TCJA, which enacted significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code including a reduction in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from
35%
to
21%
effective for tax years beginning after 2017. The Company was required to revalue its deferred tax assets and liabilities at the new federal corporate income tax rate as of the date of the enactment of the TCJA, which resulted in lower net deferred tax liabilities and the establishment of a regulatory liability for excess deferred taxes at our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries. The excess deferred taxes are generally the result of accelerated federal tax deductions realized by our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries in periods when the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate was 35% and now would be returned to customers in a period where the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate is 21%. As the excess deferred taxes must be returned to customers this regulatory liability is recognized. For our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries, our deferred taxes are subject to a normalization method of accounting for the excess tax reserves resulting from the change in the federal statutory tax rate which involves the use of the average rate assumption method (ARAM) for the determination of the timing of the return of the excess deferred taxes to customers associated with public utility property. A portion of our excess deferred taxes at our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries are associated with other types of deferred taxes that are not related to public utility property and the timing of the settlement with customers has not yet been determined. This net regulatory liability is included within deferred taxes for rate-making purposes when determining rate base.
7
.
GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
At
December 31, 2017
and
2016
, we had goodwill balances recorded at ITCTransmission, METC and ITC Midwest of
$173 million
,
$454 million
and
$323 million
, respectively, which resulted from the ITCTransmission and METC acquisitions and ITC Midwest’s acquisition of the IP&L transmission assets, respectively.
Intangible Assets
Pursuant to the METC acquisition in October 2006, we have identified intangible assets with finite lives derived from the portion of regulatory assets recorded on METC’s historical FERC financial statements that were not recorded on METC’s historical GAAP financial statements associated with the METC Regulatory Deferrals and the METC ADIT Deferral as described in
Note 6
. The carrying amounts of the intangible asset for the METC Regulatory Deferrals and the METC ADIT Deferral were
$18 million
and
$8 million
, respectively, as of
December 31, 2017
, and
$20 million
and
$8 million
, respectively, as of
December 31, 2016
. The amortization periods for the METC Regulatory Deferrals and the METC ADIT Deferral are
20 years
and
18 years
, respectively, beginning January 1, 2007. METC earns an equity return on the remaining unamortized balance of both intangible assets and recovers the amortization expense through METC’s cost-based formula rate template.
ITC Great Plains has recorded intangible assets for payments made by and obligations of ITC Great Plains to certain TOs to acquire rights, which are required under the SPP tariff to designate ITC Great Plains to build, own and operate projects within the SPP region, including three regional cost sharing projects in Kansas. The carrying amount of these intangible assets was
$14 million
and
$15 million
(net of accumulated amortization of
$2 million
and
$1 million
, respectively) as of
December 31, 2017
and
2016
, respectively. The amortization period for these intangible assets is
50 years
.
We recorded
$1 million
of other intangible assets as of
December 31, 2017
. There were
no
other intangible assets recorded as of
December 31, 2016
.
During each of the years ended
December 31, 2017
,
2016
and
2015
, we recognized
$3 million
of amortization expense of our intangible assets. We expect the annual amortization of our intangible assets that have been recorded as of
December 31, 2017
to be as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
2018
|
$
|
3
|
|
2019
|
3
|
|
2020
|
3
|
|
2021
|
3
|
|
2022
|
3
|
|
2023 and thereafter
|
25
|
|
Total
|
$
|
40
|
|
8
.
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Property, plant and equipment — net consisted of the following at
December 31, 2017
and
2016
:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
Property, plant and equipment
|
|
|
|
Regulated Operating Subsidiaries:
|
|
|
|
Property, plant and equipment in service
|
$
|
8,334
|
|
|
$
|
7,715
|
|
Construction work in progress
|
546
|
|
|
455
|
|
Capital equipment inventory
|
74
|
|
|
74
|
|
Other
|
16
|
|
|
15
|
|
ITC Holdings and other
|
14
|
|
|
14
|
|
Total
|
8,984
|
|
|
8,273
|
|
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization
|
(1,675
|
)
|
|
(1,575
|
)
|
Property, plant and equipment — net
|
$
|
7,309
|
|
|
$
|
6,698
|
|
Additions to property, plant and equipment in service and construction work in progress during
2017
and
2016
were due primarily for projects to upgrade or replace existing transmission plant to improve the reliability of our transmission systems as well as transmission infrastructure to support generator interconnections and investments that provide regional benefits such as our Multi-Value Projects.
9
.
DEBT
The following amounts were outstanding at
December 31, 2017
and
2016
:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
ITC Holdings 6.23% Senior Notes, Series B, due September 20, 2017 (a)
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
50
|
|
ITC Holdings 6.375% Senior Notes, due September 30, 2036
|
200
|
|
|
200
|
|
ITC Holdings 6.05% Senior Notes, due January 31, 2018 (b)
|
—
|
|
|
385
|
|
ITC Holdings 5.50% Senior Notes, due January 15, 2020
|
200
|
|
|
200
|
|
ITC Holdings 4.05% Senior Notes, due July 1, 2023
|
250
|
|
|
250
|
|
ITC Holdings 3.65% Senior Notes, due June 15, 2024
|
400
|
|
|
400
|
|
ITC Holdings 5.30% Senior Notes, due July 1, 2043
|
300
|
|
|
300
|
|
ITC Holdings 3.25% Notes, due June 30, 2026
|
400
|
|
|
400
|
|
ITC Holdings 2.70% Senior Notes, due November 15, 2022
|
500
|
|
|
—
|
|
ITC Holdings 3.35% Senior Notes, due November 15, 2027
|
500
|
|
|
—
|
|
ITC Holdings Revolving Credit Agreement, due October 21, 2022 (c)
|
—
|
|
|
73
|
|
ITC Holdings Commercial Paper Program (a)
|
—
|
|
|
145
|
|
ITCTransmission 6.125% First Mortgage Bonds, Series C, due March 31, 2036
|
100
|
|
|
100
|
|
ITCTransmission 5.75% First Mortgage Bonds, Series D, due April 1, 2018 (a)
|
100
|
|
|
100
|
|
ITCTransmission 4.625% First Mortgage Bonds, Series E, due August 15, 2043
|
285
|
|
|
285
|
|
ITCTransmission 4.27% First Mortgage Bonds, Series F, due June 10, 2044
|
100
|
|
|
100
|
|
ITCTransmission Term Loan Credit Agreement, due March 23, 2019
|
50
|
|
|
—
|
|
ITCTransmission Revolving Credit Agreement, due October 21, 2022 (c)
|
36
|
|
|
44
|
|
METC 5.64% Senior Secured Notes, due May 6, 2040
|
50
|
|
|
50
|
|
METC 3.98% Senior Secured Notes, due October 26, 2042
|
75
|
|
|
75
|
|
METC 4.19% Senior Secured Notes, due December 15, 2044
|
150
|
|
|
150
|
|
METC 3.90% Senior Secured Notes, due April 26, 2046
|
200
|
|
|
200
|
|
METC Revolving Credit Agreement, due October 21, 2022 (c)
|
48
|
|
|
31
|
|
ITC Midwest 6.15% First Mortgage Bonds, Series A, due January 31, 2038
|
175
|
|
|
175
|
|
ITC Midwest 7.12% First Mortgage Bonds, Series B, due December 22, 2017 (a)
|
—
|
|
|
40
|
|
ITC Midwest 7.27% First Mortgage Bonds, Series C, due December 22, 2020
|
35
|
|
|
35
|
|
ITC Midwest 4.60% First Mortgage Bonds, Series D, due December 17, 2024
|
75
|
|
|
75
|
|
ITC Midwest 3.50% First Mortgage Bonds, Series E, due January 19, 2027
|
100
|
|
|
100
|
|
ITC Midwest 4.09% First Mortgage Bonds, Series F, due April 30, 2043
|
100
|
|
|
100
|
|
ITC Midwest 3.83% First Mortgage Bonds, Series G, due April 7, 2055
|
225
|
|
|
225
|
|
ITC Midwest 4.16% First Mortgage Bonds, Series H, due April 18, 2047
|
200
|
|
|
—
|
|
ITC Midwest Revolving Credit Agreement, due October 21, 2022 (c)
|
88
|
|
|
127
|
|
ITC Great Plains 4.16% First Mortgage Bonds, Series A, due November 26, 2044
|
150
|
|
|
150
|
|
ITC Great Plains Revolving Credit Agreement, due October 21, 2022 (c)
|
49
|
|
|
59
|
|
Total principal
|
5,141
|
|
|
4,624
|
|
Unamortized deferred financing fees and discount
|
(40
|
)
|
|
(34
|
)
|
Total debt
|
$
|
5,101
|
|
|
$
|
4,590
|
|
____________________________
|
|
(a)
|
As of
December 31, 2017
and
2016
, there was
$100 million
and
$235 million
, respectively, of debt included within debt maturing within one year that is classified as a current liability in the consolidated statements of financial position.
|
|
|
(b)
|
On December 14, 2017, we redeemed the full
$385 million
balance of ITC Holdings Senior Notes due January 31, 2018. We recorded a
$2 million
loss on extinguishment of the debt at the time of the redemption, which is included in Interest expense - net in the consolidated statements of operations.
|
|
|
(c)
|
On October 23, 2017, ITC Holdings, ITCTransmission, METC, ITC Midwest and ITC Great Plains entered into new, unsecured, unguaranteed revolving credit agreements, which replaced the previous revolving credit and extended the maturity date of the revolving credit agreements from March 2019 to October 2022.
|
The annual maturities of debt as of
December 31, 2017
are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
2018
|
|
$
|
100
|
|
2019
|
|
50
|
|
2020
|
|
235
|
|
2021
|
|
—
|
|
2022
|
|
721
|
|
2023 and thereafter
|
|
4,035
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
5,141
|
|
ITC Holdings
Senior Unsecured Notes
On November 14, 2017, ITC Holdings completed the private offering of
$500 million
aggregate principal amount of unsecured
2.70%
Senior Notes, due November 15, 2022, and
$500 million
aggregate principal amount of unsecured
3.35%
Senior Notes, due November 15, 2027, (collectively, the “2017 Senior Notes”). The 2017 Senior Notes are redeemable prior to the due date, in whole or in part and at the option of ITC Holdings, by paying an applicable make whole premium. The net proceeds from this offering were used to redeem in full
$385 million
aggregate principal amount of ITC Holdings
6.05%
Senior Notes due January 31, 2018, and to pay the associated call premiums, to repay the amount outstanding under ITC Holdings’ 2017 term loan credit agreement, to repay
$7 million
under ITC Holdings’ revolving credit agreement, and to repay
$352 million
under ITC Holdings’ commercial paper program, with remaining proceeds used for general corporate purposes. The 2017 Senior Notes were issued under ITC Holdings’ indenture, dated April 18, 2013.
In connection with the offering of the 2017 Senior Notes, ITC Holdings also entered into a registration rights agreement with the representatives of the initial purchasers named therein. Pursuant to this registration rights agreement, ITC Holdings agreed to use its commercially reasonable efforts to file with the SEC and cause to become effective a registration statement with respect to a registered exchange offer to exchange each series of Senior Notes issued in the offering for an issue of notes having terms substantially identical to the applicable series of Senior Notes (except for provisions relating to the transfer restrictions and payment of additional interest) as part of an offer to exchange such registered notes for the notes (the “Exchange Offer”). ITC Holdings also agreed to file a shelf registration statement to cover resales of the notes under certain circumstances. ITC Holdings is expected to have the registration statement relating to the Exchange Offer declared effective by the SEC on or prior to
365 days
after the date of issuance of the 2017 Senior Notes, or, to the extent a shelf registration statement is required to be filed, to have such shelf registration statement declared effective by the SEC on or prior to the 90th day following the date such shelf registration statement was filed. If this obligation is not satisfied, the annual interest rate on the notes will increase by
25
basis points for the first 90 days commencing on the day following the registration default, and by an additional
25
basis points per annum with respect to each subsequent 90-day period, up to a maximum additional rate of
100
basis points per annum thereafter until the earliest of the Exchange Offer being completed or the shelf registration statement, if required, becoming effective.
On July 5, 2016, ITC Holdings issued
$400 million
aggregate principal amount of unsecured
3.25%
Notes, due June 30, 2026. The proceeds from the issuance were used to repay the
$161 million
outstanding under ITC Holdings’ term loan credit agreement and for general corporate purposes, primarily the repayment of indebtedness outstanding under ITC Holdings’ commercial paper program. These Notes were issued under ITC Holdings’ indenture, dated April 18, 2013.
Commercial Paper Program
ITC Holdings has an ongoing commercial paper program for the issuance and sale of unsecured commercial paper in an aggregate amount not to exceed
$400 million
outstanding at any one time. As of
December 31, 2017
, ITC Holdings did not have any commercial paper issued or outstanding. The proceeds from issuances under the program during the year ended
December 31, 2017
were used to repay and retire the
$50 million
of ITC Holdings’
6.23%
Senior Notes, due September 20, 2017, and for general corporate purposes, including the repayment of borrowings under ITC Holdings’ revolving credit agreement. ITC repaid borrowings under the commercial paper program of
$352 million
in November 2017 with proceeds from the ITC Holdings 2017 Senior Notes issued on November 14, 2017.
Term Loan Credit Agreement
On March 23, 2017, ITC Holdings entered into an unsecured, unguaranteed term loan credit agreement due March 24, 2018, under which ITC Holdings borrowed
$200 million
. The proceeds were used for general corporate purposes, including the repayment of borrowings under ITC Holdings’ revolving credit agreement and commercial paper program. This borrowing was repaid in full in November 2017 from the proceeds of the ITC Holdings Senior Notes issued on November 14, 2017. The weighted-average interest rate throughout the life of the loan was
2.06%
.
METC
On April 26, 2016, METC issued
$200 million
of
3.90%
Senior Secured Notes, due April 26, 2046. The proceeds were used to repay the
$200 million
borrowed under METC’s term loan credit agreement discussed below. The METC Senior Secured Notes were issued under its first mortgage indenture and secured by a first mortgage lien on substantially all of its real property and tangible personal property.
ITC Midwest
On April 18, 2017, ITC Midwest issued
$200 million
aggregate principal amount of
4.16%
First Mortgage Bonds, Series H, due April 18, 2047. The proceeds were used for general corporate purposes, including the repayment of borrowings under the ITC Midwest revolving credit agreement. ITC Midwest’s First Mortgage Bonds were issued under its First Mortgage and Deed of Trust and secured by a first mortgage lien on substantially all of its real property and tangible personal property.
ITCTransmission
On March 23, 2017, ITCTransmission entered into an unsecured, unguaranteed term loan credit agreement due March 23, 2019, under which ITCTransmission borrowed
$50 million
. The proceeds were used for general corporate purposes, including the repayment of borrowings under ITCTransmission’s revolving credit agreement. The weighted-average interest rate on the borrowing outstanding under this agreement was
2.03%
at
December 31, 2017
.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
We may use derivative financial instruments, including interest rate swap contracts, to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. The use of these financial instruments mitigates exposure to these risks and the variability of our operating results. We are not a party to leveraged derivatives and do not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
In November 2017, we terminated
$375 million
of 5-year interest rate swap contracts and
$375 million
of 10-year interest rate swap contracts that managed the interest rate risk associated with the 2017 Senior Notes issued by ITC Holdings. A summary of the terminated interest rate swaps is provided below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest Rate Swaps
(In millions, except percentages)
|
|
Amount
|
|
Weighted Average
Fixed Rate of
Interest Rate Swaps
|
|
Comparable
Reference Rate
of Notes
|
|
Gain on
Derivatives
|
|
Settlement
Date
|
5-year interest rate swaps
|
|
$
|
375
|
|
|
1.85
|
%
|
|
2.06
|
%
|
|
$
|
4
|
|
|
November 2017
|
10-year interest rate swaps
|
|
375
|
|
|
2.22
|
%
|
|
2.31
|
%
|
|
3
|
|
|
November 2017
|
Total
|
|
$
|
750
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
7
|
|
|
|
The interest rate swaps qualified for cash flow hedge accounting treatment and the pre-tax gain of
$7 million
was recognized in November 2017 for the effective portion of the hedges and recorded net of tax in AOCI. This amount is being amortized as a component of interest expense over the life of the related debt. At
December 31, 2017
, ITC Holdings did not have any interest rate swaps outstanding.
Revolving Credit Agreements
On October 23, 2017, ITC Holdings, ITCTransmission, METC, ITC Midwest and ITC Great Plains entered into new, unsecured, unguaranteed revolving credit agreements, which replaced the previous revolving credit agreements then in effect. The new revolving credit agreements (a) extended the maturity date of the revolving credit agreements from March 2019 to October 2022 and (b) reduced the total available capacity for the revolving credit agreements for ITC Great Plains and ITC Midwest by
$75 million
and
$25 million
, respectively. At
December 31, 2017
, ITC Holdings and certain of its Regulated Operating Subsidiaries had the following unsecured revolving credit facilities available:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions, except percentages)
|
Total
Available
Capacity
|
|
Outstanding
Balance (a)
|
|
Unused
Capacity
|
|
Weighted Average
Interest Rate on
Outstanding Balance
|
|
Commitment
Fee Rate (b)
|
ITC Holdings
|
$
|
400
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
400
|
|
(c)
|
|
—%
|
(d)
|
|
0.175
|
%
|
ITCTransmission
|
100
|
|
|
36
|
|
|
64
|
|
|
|
2.5%
|
(e)
|
|
0.10
|
%
|
METC
|
100
|
|
|
48
|
|
|
52
|
|
|
|
2.5%
|
(e)
|
|
0.10
|
%
|
ITC Midwest
|
225
|
|
|
88
|
|
|
137
|
|
|
|
2.5%
|
(e)
|
|
0.10
|
%
|
ITC Great Plains
|
75
|
|
|
49
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
2.5%
|
(e)
|
|
0.10
|
%
|
Total
|
$
|
900
|
|
|
$
|
221
|
|
|
$
|
679
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
____________________________
|
|
(a)
|
Included within long-term debt.
|
|
|
(b)
|
Calculation based on the average daily unused commitments, subject to adjustment based on the borrower’s credit rating.
|
|
|
(c)
|
ITC Holdings’ revolving credit agreement may be used for general corporate purposes, including to repay commercial paper issued pursuant to the commercial paper program described above, if necessary. At
December 31, 2017
ITC Holdings did not have any commercial paper issued or outstanding.
|
|
|
(d)
|
Loan bears interest at a rate equal to LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 1.25% or at a base rate, which is defined as the higher of the prime rate, 0.50% above the federal funds rate or 1.00% above the one month LIBOR, plus an applicable margin of 0.25%, subject to adjustments based on ITC Holdings’ credit rating.
|
|
|
(e)
|
Loans bear interest at a rate equal to LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 1.00% or at a base rate, which is defined as the higher of the prime rate, 0.50% above the federal funds rate or 1.00% above the one month LIBOR, subject to adjustments based on the borrower’s credit rating.
|
Covenants
Our debt instruments contain numerous financial and operating covenants that place significant restrictions on certain transactions, such as incurring additional indebtedness, engaging in sale and lease-back transactions, creating liens or other encumbrances, entering into mergers, consolidations, liquidations or dissolutions, creating or acquiring subsidiaries, selling or otherwise disposing of all or substantially all of our assets and paying dividends. In addition, the covenants require us to meet certain financial ratios, such as maintaining certain net debt to capitalization ratios and certain funds from operations to net debt levels. As of
December 31, 2017
, we were not in violation of any debt covenant.
10
.
INCOME TAXES
Our effective tax rate varied from the statutory federal income tax rate due to differences between the book and tax treatment of various transactions as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
|
2015
|
Income tax expense at 35% statutory rate
|
$
|
180
|
|
|
$
|
120
|
|
|
$
|
134
|
|
State income taxes (net of federal benefit) (a)
|
16
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
14
|
|
AFUDC equity
|
(10
|
)
|
|
(11
|
)
|
|
(8
|
)
|
Revaluation of deferred federal income taxes (b)
|
8
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
Excess tax deductions for share-based compensation (c)
|
—
|
|
|
(23
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
Other — net (d)
|
2
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
2
|
|
Total income tax provision
|
$
|
196
|
|
|
$
|
97
|
|
|
$
|
142
|
|
____________________________
|
|
(a)
|
Amount for the year ended December 31, 2017 includes income tax benefits of
$3 million
related to the revaluation of state deferred tax assets and liabilities for the net of federal benefit impact of the TCJA.
|
|
|
(b)
|
Amount for the year ended December 31, 2017 represents income tax expense related to the revaluation of federal deferred tax assets and liabilities as a result of the TCJA.
|
|
|
(c)
|
Amount relates to a federal income tax benefit for excess tax deductions generated in 2016 as a result of adopting the new accounting guidance associated with share-based payments.
|
|
|
(d)
|
Amount for the year ended December 31, 2017 includes income tax expense of
$1 million
related to the establishment of a valuation allowance for the portion of a capital loss expected to not be utilized before expiration.
|
Components of the income tax provision were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
|
2015
|
Current income tax expense (benefit) (a)
|
$
|
1
|
|
|
$
|
(122
|
)
|
|
$
|
65
|
|
Deferred income tax expense (b)(c)(d)
|
195
|
|
|
219
|
|
|
77
|
|
Total income tax provision
|
$
|
196
|
|
|
$
|
97
|
|
|
$
|
142
|
|
____________________________
|
|
(a)
|
Amount for the year ended December 31, 2016 primarily relates to the cash benefit that resulted from the election of bonus depreciation as described in
Note 5
.
|
|
|
(b)
|
Amount for the year ended December 31, 2017 includes income tax expense of
$5 million
related to the net revaluation of federal and state deferred tax assets and liabilities at ITC Holdings as a result of the TCJA.
|
|
|
(c)
|
During the fourth quarter of 2016, we recognized total income tax benefits of
$27 million
for excess tax deductions for the year ended December 31, 2016 as a result of adopting the new accounting guidance associated with share-based payments.
|
|
|
(d)
|
Amount for the year ended December 31, 2016 includes utilization of
$126 million
of net operating losses, primarily resulting from the election of bonus depreciation as described in
Note 5
.
|
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax effect of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets or liabilities and the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements.
In December 2017, the President of the United States signed into law the TCJA, which enacted significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code including a reduction in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from
35%
to
21%
effective for tax years beginning after 2017. The revaluation of the deferred tax assets and federal income tax net operating losses at ITC Holdings has resulted in additional income tax expense in the fourth quarter of 2017 of
$5 million
. For additional information on the impacts of tax reform, see Note 6
.
Due to the complexities involved in accounting for the enactment of the TCJA, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant
does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the TCJA. Accordingly, based on information available, we have recognized provisional tax impacts in its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017. The additional estimated income tax expense recorded as a result of the TCJA represents our best estimate based on interpretation of the TCJA. The ultimate impact may differ from these provisional amounts, possibly materially, due to, among other things, additional analysis, changes in interpretations and assumptions we have made, additional regulatory guidance that may be issued, and actions we may take as a result of the TCJA.
We are still in the process of evaluating the bonus depreciation carve-out for regulated utilities and we anticipate further clarification from the IRS, including tax depreciation elections for assets placed in service after September 27, 2017. We have recorded an estimated provision for bonus depreciation for our fixed assets placed in service between September 27, 2017 and December 31, 2017, which impacts our deferred tax liability for property, plant and equipment and deferred tax asset for federal income tax NOLs and other credits.
We will continue to analyze the effects of the TCJA on our consolidated financial statements and operations. Additional impacts from the enactment of the TCJA will be recorded as they are identified during the measurement period as provided for in SAB 118.
Deferred income tax assets (liabilities) consisted of the following at December 31:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
Property, plant and equipment
|
$
|
(798
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,026
|
)
|
Federal income tax NOLs and other credits
|
84
|
|
|
140
|
|
METC regulatory deferral (a)
|
(6
|
)
|
|
(11
|
)
|
Acquisition adjustments — ADIT deferrals (a)
|
(10
|
)
|
|
(15
|
)
|
Goodwill
|
(120
|
)
|
|
(163
|
)
|
ITCTransmission regional cost allocation recovery (b)
|
—
|
|
|
(11
|
)
|
Refund liabilities (a)
|
38
|
|
|
56
|
|
Regulatory liability gross up - TCJA
|
139
|
|
|
—
|
|
Pension and postretirement liabilities
|
16
|
|
|
23
|
|
State income tax NOLs (net of federal benefit) (c)
|
50
|
|
|
47
|
|
True-up adjustment principal & interest
|
9
|
|
|
1
|
|
Other — net
|
(3
|
)
|
|
(5
|
)
|
Net deferred tax liabilities (d)
|
$
|
(601
|
)
|
|
$
|
(964
|
)
|
Gross deferred income tax liabilities
|
$
|
(952
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,252
|
)
|
Gross deferred income tax assets
|
351
|
|
|
288
|
|
Net deferred tax liabilities
|
$
|
(601
|
)
|
|
$
|
(964
|
)
|
____________________________
|
|
(a)
|
Described in
Note 6
.
|
|
|
(b)
|
Described in
Note 5
under “ITC Transmission Regional Cost Allocation Refund”.
|
|
|
(c)
|
During the fourth quarter of 2016, we recorded a deferred tax asset of
$9 million
for state income tax net operating losses, related to excess tax benefits generated in periods prior to 2016 that had not been previously recognized in the consolidated statements of financial position, upon adoption of the accounting guidance associated with share-based payments.
|
|
|
(d)
|
During the fourth quarter of 2017, we recorded a reduction in the net deferred tax liabilities of
$572 million
and income tax expense of
$5 million
related to the revaluation of deferred taxes as a result of the reduction in the U.S. federal corporate income rate from
35%
to
21%
. The revaluation was offset by a regulatory liability of approximately
$512 million
and a reduction in regulatory assets of
$65 million
.
|
We have federal income tax NOLs and capital losses as of December 31, 2017. We expect to use our NOLs prior to their expirations starting in 2036. However, during the fourth quarter of 2017, we established a
$1 million
valuation allowance for our federal capital loss we expect to not be utilized before its expiration at the end of 2018.
We also have state income tax NOLs as of December 31, 2017, all of which we expect to use prior to their expiration starting in 2022
.
11
.
RETIREMENT BENEFITS AND ASSETS HELD IN TRUST
Pension Plan Benefits
We have a qualified defined benefit pension plan (“retirement plan”) for eligible employees, comprised of a traditional final average pay plan and a cash balance plan. The traditional final average pay plan is noncontributory, covers select employees, and provides retirement benefits based on years of benefit service, average final compensation and age at retirement. The cash balance plan is also noncontributory, covers substantially all employees and provides retirement benefits based on eligible compensation and interest credits. Our funding practice for the retirement plan is to contribute amounts necessary to meet the minimum funding requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, plus additional amounts as we determine appropriate. We made contributions of
$4 million
,
$3 million
and
$4 million
to the retirement plan in
2017
,
2016
and
2015
, respectively. We expect to contribute
$4 million
to the retirement plan in
2018
.
We also have two supplemental nonqualified, noncontributory, defined benefit pension plans for selected management employees (the “supplemental benefit plans” and collectively with the retirement plan, the “pension plans”). The supplemental benefit plans provide for benefits that supplement those provided by the retirement plan. The obligations under these supplemental benefit plans are included in the pension benefit obligation calculations below. The investments held in trust for the supplemental benefit plans of
$53 million
and
$42 million
at
December 31, 2017
and
2016
, respectively, are not included in the plan asset amounts presented below, but are included in other assets on our consolidated statements of financial position. For the years ended
December 31, 2017
,
2016
and
2015
, we contributed
$14 million
,
$5 million
and
$9 million
, respectively, to these supplemental benefit plans.
Our investments held for the supplemental benefit plans are classified as available-for-sale securities and the life-to-date net unrealized loss of less than
$1 million
as of
December 31, 2017
and
December 31, 2016
was recognized in AOCI.
The plan assets of the retirement plan consisted of the following assets by category:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset Category
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
Fixed income securities
|
50.2
|
%
|
|
50.3
|
%
|
Equity securities
|
49.8
|
%
|
|
49.7
|
%
|
Total
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
Net periodic benefit cost for the pension plans during
2017
,
2016
and
2015
was as follows by component:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
|
2015
|
Service cost
|
$
|
6
|
|
|
$
|
6
|
|
|
$
|
6
|
|
Interest cost
|
4
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
4
|
|
Expected return on plan assets
|
(4
|
)
|
|
(4
|
)
|
|
(3
|
)
|
Amortization of unrecognized loss
|
1
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
4
|
|
Net pension cost
|
$
|
7
|
|
|
$
|
10
|
|
|
$
|
11
|
|
Prior to 2016, we measured service and interest costs for all pension plans utilizing a single weighted-average discount rate derived from the yield curve used to measure the plan obligations. Beginning in 2016, we adopted a spot rate approach for measuring service and interest costs for all our pension plans whereby specific spot rates along the yield curve used to determine the benefit obligations are applied to the relevant projected cash flows. We believe the new approach provides a more precise measurement of our service and interest costs; therefore, we have accounted for this change prospectively as a change in accounting estimate. This change does not affect the measurement of our total benefit obligation and it did not have a material impact on 2016 net pension cost.
The following table reconciles the obligations, assets and funded status of the pension plans as well as the presentation of the funded status of the pension plans in the consolidated statements of financial position as of
December 31, 2017
and
2016
:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
Change in Benefit Obligation:
|
|
|
|
Beginning projected benefit obligation
|
$
|
(116
|
)
|
|
$
|
(97
|
)
|
Service cost
|
(6
|
)
|
|
(6
|
)
|
Interest cost
|
(4
|
)
|
|
(4
|
)
|
Actuarial net loss
|
(7
|
)
|
|
(11
|
)
|
Benefits paid
|
6
|
|
|
2
|
|
Ending projected benefit obligation
|
(127
|
)
|
|
(116
|
)
|
Change in Plan Assets:
|
|
|
|
Beginning plan assets at fair value
|
64
|
|
|
58
|
|
Actual return on plan assets
|
9
|
|
|
5
|
|
Employer contributions
|
4
|
|
|
3
|
|
Benefits paid
|
(2
|
)
|
|
(2
|
)
|
Ending plan assets at fair value
|
75
|
|
|
64
|
|
Funded status, underfunded
|
$
|
(52
|
)
|
|
$
|
(52
|
)
|
Accumulated benefit obligation:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retirement plan
|
$
|
(67
|
)
|
|
$
|
(56
|
)
|
Supplemental benefit plans
|
(56
|
)
|
|
(55
|
)
|
Total accumulated benefit obligation
|
$
|
(123
|
)
|
|
$
|
(111
|
)
|
Amounts recorded as:
|
|
|
|
|
Funded Status:
|
|
|
|
Accrued pension liabilities
|
$
|
(54
|
)
|
|
$
|
(52
|
)
|
Other non-current assets
|
6
|
|
|
4
|
|
Other current liabilities
|
(4
|
)
|
|
(4
|
)
|
Total
|
$
|
(52
|
)
|
|
$
|
(52
|
)
|
Unrecognized Amounts in Non-current Regulatory Assets:
|
|
|
|
Net actuarial loss
|
$
|
26
|
|
|
$
|
25
|
|
Total
|
$
|
26
|
|
|
$
|
25
|
|
The unrecognized amounts that otherwise would have been charged and/or credited to AOCI in accordance with the FASB guidance on accounting for retirement benefits are recorded as a regulatory asset on our consolidated statements of financial position as discussed in
Note 6
. The amounts recorded as a regulatory asset represent a net periodic benefit cost to be recognized in our operating income in future periods.
Actuarial assumptions used to determine the benefit obligation for the pension plans at
December 31, 2017
,
2016
and
2015
are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
|
2015
|
Weighted average discount rate (a)
|
3.57%
|
|
4.00%
|
|
4.26%
|
Annual rate of salary increases
|
4.00%
|
|
4.00%
|
|
4.00%
|
____________________________
|
|
(a)
|
The 2015 discount rate assumption has been presented to conform to weighted average presentation.
|
Actuarial assumptions used to determine the benefit cost for the pension plans for the years ended
December 31, 2017
,
2016
and
2015
are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
|
2015
|
Weighted average discount rate — service cost (a)
|
4.20%
|
|
4.46%
|
|
3.95%
|
Weighted average discount rate — interest cost (a)
|
3.45%
|
|
3.62%
|
|
3.95%
|
Annual rate of salary increases
|
4.00%
|
|
4.00%
|
|
4.00%
|
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets
|
6.20%
|
|
6.40%
|
|
6.70%
|
____________________________
|
|
(a)
|
The 2015 discount rate assumptions have been presented to conform to weighted average presentation.
|
At
December 31, 2017
, the projected benefit payments for the pension plans calculated using the same assumptions as those used to calculate the benefit obligation described above are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
2018
|
$
|
6
|
|
2019
|
6
|
|
2020
|
7
|
|
2021
|
7
|
|
2022
|
7
|
|
2023 through 2027
|
47
|
|
Investment Objectives and Fair Value Measurement
The general investment objectives of the retirement plan include maximizing the return within reasonable and prudent levels of risk and controlling administrative and management costs. The targeted asset allocation is weighted equally between equity and fixed income investments. Investment decisions are made by our retirement benefits board as delegated by our board of directors. Equity investments may include various types of U.S. and international equity securities, such as large-cap, mid-cap and small-cap stocks. Fixed income investments may include cash and short-term instruments, U.S. Government securities, corporate bonds, mortgages and other fixed income investments. No investments are prohibited for use in the retirement plan, including derivatives, but our exposure to derivatives currently is not material. We intend that the long-term capital growth of the retirement plan, together with employer contributions, will provide for the payment of the benefit obligations.
We determine our expected long-term rate of return on plan assets based on the current and expected target allocations of the retirement plan investments and considering historical and expected long-term rates of returns on comparable fixed income investments and equity investments.
The measurement of fair value is based on a three-tier hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. Changes in economic conditions or model-based valuation techniques may require the transfer of financial instruments from one fair value level to another. In such instances, the transfer is reported at the beginning of the reporting period. For the years ended
December 31, 2017
and
2016
, there were
no
transfers between levels.
The fair value measurement of the retirement plan assets as of
December 31, 2017
, was as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
|
|
Quoted Prices in
|
|
Significant
|
|
Significant
|
|
Active Markets for
|
|
Other Observable
|
|
Unobservable
|
|
Identical Assets
|
|
Inputs
|
|
Inputs
|
(In millions)
|
(Level 1)
|
|
(Level 2)
|
|
(Level 3)
|
Financial assets measured on a recurring basis:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mutual funds — U.S. equity securities
|
$
|
30
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
Mutual funds — international equity securities
|
7
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
Mutual funds — fixed income securities
|
38
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
Total
|
$
|
75
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
The fair value measurement of the retirement plan assets as of
December 31, 2016
, was as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
|
|
Quoted Prices in
|
|
Significant
|
|
Significant
|
|
Active Markets for
|
|
Other Observable
|
|
Unobservable
|
|
Identical Assets
|
|
Inputs
|
|
Inputs
|
(In millions)
|
(Level 1)
|
|
(Level 2)
|
|
(Level 3)
|
Financial assets measured on a recurring basis:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mutual funds — U.S. equity securities
|
$
|
25
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
Mutual funds — international equity securities
|
7
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
Mutual funds — fixed income securities
|
32
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
Total
|
$
|
64
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
The mutual funds consist primarily of publicly traded mutual funds and are recorded at fair value based on observable trades for identical securities in an active market.
Other Postretirement Benefits
We provide certain postretirement health care, dental and life insurance benefits for eligible employees. We contributed
$8 million
,
$7 million
and
$9 million
to the postretirement benefit plan in
2017
,
2016
and
2015
, respectively. We expect to contribute
$10 million
to the postretirement benefit plan in
2018
.
The plan assets of the postretirement benefit plan consisted of the following assets by category:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset Category
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
Fixed income securities
|
50.1
|
%
|
|
50.3
|
%
|
Equity securities
|
49.9
|
%
|
|
49.7
|
%
|
Total
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
Net postretirement benefit plan cost for the postretirement benefit plan for
2017
,
2016
and
2015
was as follows by component:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
|
2015
|
Service cost
|
$
|
8
|
|
|
$
|
7
|
|
|
$
|
8
|
|
Interest cost
|
3
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
3
|
|
Expected return on plan assets
|
(2
|
)
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|
(2
|
)
|
Amortization of unrecognized loss
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
1
|
|
Net postretirement cost
|
$
|
9
|
|
|
$
|
8
|
|
|
$
|
10
|
|
Prior to 2016, we measured service and interest costs for the postretirement benefit plan utilizing a single weighted-average discount rate derived from the yield curve used to measure the plan obligation. Beginning in 2016, we adopted a spot rate approach for measuring service and interest costs for the postretirement benefit plan whereby specific spot rates along the yield curve used to determine the benefit obligation are applied to the relevant projected cash flows. We believe the new approach provides a more precise measurement of our service and interest costs; therefore, we have accounted for this change prospectively as a change in accounting estimate. This change does not affect the measurement of our total benefit obligation and it did not have a material impact on 2016 net postretirement benefit cost.
The following table reconciles the obligations, assets and funded status of the plan as well as the amounts recognized as accrued postretirement liability in the consolidated statements of financial position as of
December 31, 2017
and
2016
:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
Change in Benefit Obligation:
|
|
|
|
Beginning accumulated postretirement obligation
|
$
|
(68
|
)
|
|
$
|
(58
|
)
|
Service cost
|
(8
|
)
|
|
(7
|
)
|
Interest cost
|
(3
|
)
|
|
(3
|
)
|
Actuarial net loss
|
(8
|
)
|
|
(1
|
)
|
Benefits paid
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
|
Ending accumulated postretirement obligation
|
(86
|
)
|
|
(68
|
)
|
Change in Plan Assets:
|
|
|
|
Beginning plan assets at fair value
|
52
|
|
|
42
|
|
Actual return on plan assets
|
7
|
|
|
4
|
|
Employer contributions
|
8
|
|
|
7
|
|
Benefits paid
|
(1
|
)
|
|
(1
|
)
|
Ending plan assets at fair value
|
66
|
|
|
52
|
|
Funded status, underfunded
|
$
|
(20
|
)
|
|
$
|
(16
|
)
|
Amounts recorded as:
|
|
|
|
Funded Status:
|
|
|
|
Accrued postretirement liabilities
|
$
|
(20
|
)
|
|
$
|
(16
|
)
|
Total
|
$
|
(20
|
)
|
|
$
|
(16
|
)
|
Unrecognized Amounts in Non-current Regulatory Assets:
|
|
|
|
Net actuarial loss
|
$
|
4
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
Total
|
$
|
4
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
The unrecognized amounts that otherwise would have been charged and/or credited to AOCI in accordance with the FASB guidance on accounting for retirement benefits are recorded as a regulatory asset on our consolidated statements of financial position as discussed in
Note 6
. The amounts recorded as a regulatory asset represent a net periodic benefit cost to be recognized in our operating income in future periods. Our measurement of the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation as of
December 31, 2017
and
2016
does not reflect the potential receipt of any subsidies under the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003.
The increase in the net actuarial loss as of December 31, 2017, as compared with December 31, 2016, is primarily the result of the decrease in the discount rate, partially offset by higher than expected actual returns on plan assets.
Actuarial assumptions used to determine the benefit obligation for the postretirement benefit plan at
December 31, 2017
,
2016
and
2015
are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
|
2015
|
Discount rate
|
3.75%
|
|
4.28%
|
|
4.62%
|
Annual rate of salary increases
|
4.00%
|
|
4.00%
|
|
4.00%
|
Health care cost trend rate
|
6.75%
|
|
7.00%
|
|
7.15%
|
Ultimate health care cost trend rate
|
5.00%
|
|
5.00%
|
|
5.00%
|
Year that the ultimate trend rate is reached
|
2025
|
|
2022
|
|
2022
|
Annual rate of increase in dental benefit costs
|
4.50%
|
|
5.00%
|
|
5.00%
|
Actuarial assumptions used to determine the benefit cost for the postretirement benefit plan for the years ended
December 31, 2017
,
2016
and
2015
are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
|
2015
|
Discount rate — service cost
|
4.35%
|
|
4.72%
|
|
4.20%
|
Discount rate — interest cost
|
3.98%
|
|
4.21%
|
|
4.20%
|
Annual rate of salary increases
|
4.00%
|
|
4.00%
|
|
4.00%
|
Health care cost trend rate
|
7.00%
|
|
7.15%
|
|
7.25%
|
Ultimate health care cost trend rate
|
5.00%
|
|
5.00%
|
|
5.00%
|
Year that the ultimate trend rate is reached
|
2022
|
|
2022
|
|
2022
|
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets
|
4.70%
|
|
4.80%
|
|
5.20%
|
At
December 31, 2017
, the projected benefit payments for the postretirement benefit plan calculated using the same assumptions as those used to calculate the benefit obligations described above are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
2018
|
$
|
1
|
|
2019
|
1
|
|
2020
|
2
|
|
2021
|
2
|
|
2022
|
2
|
|
2023 through 2027
|
16
|
|
Assumed health care cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the health care plans. A one-percentage-point increase or decrease in assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects on service and interest cost for
2017
and the postretirement benefit obligation at
December 31, 2017
:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
One-Percentage-
|
|
One-Percentage-
|
(In millions)
|
Point Increase
|
|
Point Decrease
|
Effect on total of service and interest cost
|
$
|
3
|
|
|
$
|
(2
|
)
|
Effect on postretirement benefit obligation
|
21
|
|
|
(15
|
)
|
Investment Objectives and Fair Value Measurement
The general investment objectives of the postretirement benefit plan include maximizing the return within reasonable and prudent levels of risk and controlling administrative and management costs. The targeted asset allocation is weighted equally between equity and fixed income investments. Investment decisions are made by our retirement benefits board as delegated by our board of directors. Equity investments may include various types of U.S. and international equity securities, such as large-cap, mid-cap and small-cap stocks. Fixed income investments may include cash and short-term instruments, U.S. Government securities, corporate bonds, mortgages and other fixed income investments. No investments are prohibited for use in the other postretirement benefit plan, including derivatives, but our exposure to derivatives currently is not material. We intend that the long-term capital growth of the postretirement benefit plan, together with employer contributions, will provide for the payment of the benefit obligations.
We determine our expected long-term rate of return on plan assets based on the current target allocations of the postretirement benefit plan investments as well as consider historical returns on comparable fixed income investments and equity investments.
The measurement of fair value is based on a three-tier hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. Changes in economic conditions or model-based valuation techniques may require the transfer of financial instruments from one fair value level to another. In such instances, the transfer is reported at the beginning of the reporting period. For the years ended
December 31, 2017
and
2016
, there were
no
transfers between levels.
The fair value measurement of the postretirement benefit plan assets as of
December 31, 2017
, was as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
|
|
Quoted Prices in
|
|
Significant
|
|
Significant
|
|
Active Markets for
|
|
Other Observable
|
|
Unobservable
|
|
Identical Assets
|
|
Inputs
|
|
Inputs
|
(In millions)
|
(Level 1)
|
|
(Level 2)
|
|
(Level 3)
|
Financial assets measured on a recurring basis:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mutual funds — U.S. equity securities
|
$
|
31
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
Mutual funds — international equity securities
|
2
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
Mutual funds — fixed income securities
|
33
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
Total
|
$
|
66
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
The fair value measurement of the postretirement benefit plan assets as of
December 31, 2016
, was as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
|
|
Quoted Prices in
|
|
Significant
|
|
Significant
|
|
Active Markets for
|
|
Other Observable
|
|
Unobservable
|
|
Identical Assets
|
|
Inputs
|
|
Inputs
|
(In millions)
|
(Level 1)
|
|
(Level 2)
|
|
(Level 3)
|
Financial assets measured on a recurring basis:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mutual funds — U.S. equity securities
|
$
|
25
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
Mutual funds — international equity securities
|
1
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
Mutual funds — fixed income securities
|
26
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
Total
|
$
|
52
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
Our mutual fund investments consist primarily of publicly traded mutual funds and are recorded at fair value based on observable trades for identical securities in an active market.
Defined Contribution Plan
We also sponsor a defined contribution retirement savings plan. Participation in this plan is available to substantially all employees. We match employee contributions up to certain predefined limits based upon eligible compensation and the employee’s contribution rate. The cost of this plan was
$5 million
,
$7 million
and
$5 million
in
2017
,
2016
and
2015
, respectively.
12
.
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The measurement of fair value is based on a three-tier hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. Changes in economic conditions or model-based valuation techniques may require the transfer of financial instruments from one fair value level to another. In such instances, the transfer is reported at the beginning of the reporting period. For the years ended
December 31, 2017
and
2016
, there were
no
transfers between levels.
Our assets measured at fair value subject to the three-tier hierarchy at
December 31, 2017
, were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
|
|
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
|
|
Significant
Other Observable
Inputs
|
|
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
|
(In millions)
|
(Level 1)
|
|
(Level 2)
|
|
(Level 3)
|
Financial assets measured on a recurring basis:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash equivalents
|
$
|
1
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
Mutual funds — fixed income securities
|
52
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
Mutual funds — equity securities
|
1
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
Total
|
$
|
54
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
Our assets measured at fair value subject to the three-tier hierarchy at
December 31, 2016
, were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
|
|
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
|
|
Significant
Other Observable
Inputs
|
|
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
|
(In millions)
|
(Level 1)
|
|
(Level 2)
|
|
(Level 3)
|
Financial assets measured on a recurring basis:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mutual funds — fixed income securities
|
$
|
42
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
Mutual funds — equity securities
|
1
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
Interest rate swap derivatives
|
—
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
—
|
|
Total
|
$
|
43
|
|
|
$
|
8
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
As of
December 31, 2017
and
2016
, we held certain assets that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The assets included in the table consist of investments recorded within other long-term assets, including investments held in a trust associated with our supplemental nonqualified, noncontributory, retirement benefit plans for selected management employees. Our mutual funds consist of publicly traded mutual funds and are recorded at fair value based on observable trades for identical securities in an active market. Changes in the observed trading prices and liquidity of money market funds are monitored as additional support for determining fair value. Gain and losses are recorded in earnings for investments classified as trading securities and AOCI for investments classified as available-for-sale.
The asset related to derivatives consists of interest rate swaps as discussed in
Note 9
. The fair value of our interest rate swap derivatives is determined based on a DCF method using LIBOR swap rates, which are observable at commonly quoted intervals.
We also held non-financial assets that are required to be measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. These consist of goodwill and intangible assets. We did not record any impairment charges on long-lived assets and no other significant events occurred requiring non-financial assets and liabilities to be measured at fair value (subsequent to initial recognition) during the years ended
December 31, 2017
and
2016
.
Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities
Fixed Rate Debt
Based on the borrowing rates obtained from third party lending institutions currently available for bank loans with similar terms and average maturities from active markets, the fair value of our consolidated long-term debt and debt maturing within one year, excluding revolving and term loan credit agreements and commercial paper, was
$5,192 million
and
$4,306 million
at
December 31, 2017
and
2016
, respectively. These fair values represent Level 2 under the three-tier hierarchy described above.
The total book value of our consolidated long-term debt and debt maturing within one year, net of discount and deferred financing fees and excluding revolving and term loan credit agreements and commercial paper, was
$4,830 million
and
$4,112 million
at
December 31, 2017
and
2016
, respectively.
Revolving and Term Loan Credit Agreements
At
December 31, 2017
and
2016
, we had a consolidated total of
$271 million
and
$334 million
, respectively,
outstanding under our revolving and term loan credit agreements, which are variable rate loans. The fair value of these loans approximates book value based on the borrowing rates currently available for variable rate loans obtained from third party lending institutions.
These fair values represent Level 2 under the three-tier hierarchy described above.
Other Financial Instruments
The carrying value of other financial instruments included in current assets and current liabilities, including cash and cash equivalents, special deposits and commercial paper, approximates their fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.
13
.
STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The following table provides the components of changes in AOCI for the years ended
December 31, 2017
,
2016
and
2015
:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
(In millions)
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
|
2015
|
Balance at the beginning of period
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
4
|
|
|
$
|
5
|
|
Derivative instruments
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassification of net loss relating to interest rate cash flow hedges from AOCI to earnings (net of tax of $1 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016) (a)
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
—
|
|
Loss on interest rate swaps relating to interest rate cash flow hedges (net of tax of $1, $2 and $1 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively)
|
(1
|
)
|
|
(3
|
)
|
|
(1
|
)
|
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax
|
—
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|
(1
|
)
|
Balance at the end of period (b)
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
4
|
|
____________________________
|
|
(a)
|
The reclassification of the net loss relating to interest rate cash flow hedges is reported in interest expense on a pre-tax basis.
|
|
|
(b)
|
Includes unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, net of tax, of less than
$1 million
for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.
|
The amount of net loss relating to interest rate cash flow hedges to be reclassified from AOCI to interest expense for the 12-month period ending
December 31, 2018
is expected to be approximately
$1 million
(net of tax of less than
$1 million
). The reclassification is reported in interest expense on a pre-tax basis.
14
.
SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION AND EMPLOYEE SHARE PURCHASE PLAN
We recorded share-based compensation in
2017
,
2016
and
2015
as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
2017 (a)
|
|
2016
|
|
2015
|
Operation and maintenance expenses
|
$
|
1
|
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
General and administrative expenses (b)
|
3
|
|
|
52
|
|
|
11
|
|
Amounts capitalized to property, plant and equipment
|
1
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
5
|
|
Total share-based compensation
|
$
|
5
|
|
|
$
|
59
|
|
|
$
|
18
|
|
Total tax benefit recognized in the consolidated statements of operations
|
$
|
1
|
|
|
$
|
49
|
|
|
$
|
5
|
|
____________________________
|
|
(a)
|
All amounts for the
year ended December 31, 2017
relate to the 2017 Omnibus Plan; see below for further discussion on the 2017 Omnibus Plan.
|
|
|
(b)
|
Amount for the year ended December 31, 2016 includes the expense recognized due to the accelerated vesting of the share-based awards upon completion of the Merger as described below.
|
2017 Omnibus Plan
On February 27, 2017, the ITC Holdings board of directors adopted the 2017 Omnibus Plan, which was amended by the ITC Holdings board of directors on July 10, 2017 (as amended, the “2017 Omnibus Plan”). Under the 2017 Omnibus Plan, we may grant long-term incentive awards of PBUs and SBUs to employees, including executive officers, of ITC Holdings and its subsidiaries. Each PBU and SBU granted will be valued based on one share of Fortis common stock traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange, converted to U.S. dollars and settled only in cash. The awards vest on the date specified in a particular grant agreement, provided the service and performance criteria, as applicable, are satisfied.
Performance-Based Units
The PBUs are classified as liability awards based on the cash settlement feature. The PBUs are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, which will fluctuate based on the price of Fortis common stock and the level of achievement of the financial performance criteria, including a market condition and a performance condition. The payout may range from
0%
-
200%
of the target award, depending on actual performance relative to the performance criteria. The PBUs earn dividend equivalents which are also re-measured consistent with the target award and settled in cash at the end of the vesting period. The granted awards and related dividend equivalents have
no
shareholder rights. PBUs that were granted in 2017 pursuant to the 2017 Omnibus Plan vest on December 31, 2019 provided the service and performance criteria are satisfied and vested awards will be settled during the first quarter of 2020.
The following table shows the changes in PBUs during the
year ended December 31, 2017
:
|
|
|
|
|
Number of
|
|
Performance
|
|
Based Units
|
PBUs at December 31, 2016
|
—
|
|
Granted
|
344,900
|
|
Vested
|
—
|
|
Forfeited
|
(10,514
|
)
|
PBUs at December 31, 2017
|
334,386
|
|
The aggregate fair value of PBUs as of
December 31, 2017
was
$6 million
. At
December 31, 2017
, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to the PBUs is
$4 million
and the weighted average period over which that cost is expected to be recognized is
2 years
.
Service-Based Units
The SBUs are classified as liability awards based on the cash settlement feature. The SBUs are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, which will fluctuate based on the price of Fortis common stock. The SBUs earn dividend equivalents which are also re-measured based on the price of Fortis common stock and settled in cash at the end of the vesting period. The granted awards and related dividend equivalents have
no
shareholder rights. SBUs that were granted in 2017 pursuant to the 2017 Omnibus Plan vest on December 31, 2019 provided the service criterion is satisfied and vested awards will be settled during the first quarter of 2020.
The following table shows the changes in SBUs during the
year ended December 31, 2017
:
|
|
|
|
|
Number of
|
|
Service
|
|
Based Units
|
SBUs at December 31, 2016
|
—
|
|
Granted
|
267,118
|
|
Vested
|
(457
|
)
|
Forfeited
|
(8,892
|
)
|
SBUs at December 31, 2017
|
257,769
|
|
The aggregate fair value of SBUs as of
December 31, 2017
is
$9 million
. At
December 31, 2017
, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to the SBUs is
$6 million
and the weighted average period over which that cost is expected to be recognized is
2 years
.
2015 Long-Term Incentive Plan and Second Amended and Restated 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan
Under the Merger Agreement, outstanding options to acquire common stock of ITC Holdings vested immediately prior to closing and were converted into the right to receive the difference between the Merger consideration and the exercise price of each option in cash, restricted stock vested immediately prior to closing and was converted into the right to receive the Merger consideration in cash and performance shares vested immediately prior to closing at the higher of target or actual performance through the effective time of the Merger and were converted into the right to receive the Merger consideration in cash. The per share amount of Merger consideration determined in accordance with the Merger Agreement and used for purposes of settling the share-based awards was
$45.72
. For the year ended December 31, 2016, we recognized approximately
$41 million
of expense due to the accelerated vesting of
the share-based awards that occurred at the completion of the Merger. Refer to Note 2 for additional discussion regarding the Merger. As of
December 31, 2017
and
December 31, 2016
, there were
no
share-based payment awards outstanding under the plans that were in effect at or before the Merger.
Employee Share Purchase Plan
Effective May 4, 2017, Fortis adopted the ESPP, which enables ITC employees to purchase common shares of Fortis stock. A total of
600,000
shares of Fortis common stock are available for purchase from Fortis’ treasury under the ESPP. The ESPP allows eligible employees to contribute during any investment period between
1%
and
10%
of their annual base pay, with an employee’s aggregate contribution for the calendar year not to exceed
10%
of annual base pay for the year. Employee contributions are made at the beginning of each quarterly investment period in either a lump sum or by means of a loan from ITC Holdings, which is repayable over 52 weeks from payroll deductions (or earlier upon certain events) and secured by a pledge on the related purchased shares. ITC Holdings contributes as additional compensation an amount equal to
10%
of an employee’s contribution up to a maximum annual contribution of
1%
of an employee’s annual base pay and an amount equal to
10%
of all dividends payable by Fortis on the Fortis shares allocated to an employee’s ESPP account. All amounts contributed to the ESPP by employees and ITC Holdings are used to purchase Fortis common shares from Fortis or in the market concurrent with the quarterly dividend payment dates of March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1. ITC Holdings implemented the ESPP during the second quarter of 2017. The cost of ITC Holdings’ contribution for the
year ended December 31, 2017
was less than
$1 million
.
The ITC Holdings Employee Stock Purchase Plan in place prior to the Merger was a compensatory plan accounted for under the expense recognition provisions of the share-based payment accounting standards. Compensation cost was recorded based on the fair market value of the purchase options at the grant date, which corresponded to the first day of each purchase period, and was recognized over the purchase period. During 2016 and 2015, employees purchased
40,219
and
76,041
shares, respectively, resulting in proceeds from the sale of our common stock of
$1 million
and
$2 million
, respectively. The total share-based compensation cost for the Employee Stock Purchase Plan was less than
$1 million
for each of the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015.
15
.
JOINTLY OWNED UTILITY PLANT/COORDINATED SERVICES
Certain of our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries have agreements with other utilities for the joint ownership of substation assets and transmission lines. We account for these jointly owned assets by recording property, plant and equipment for our percentage of ownership interest. Various agreements provide the authority for construction of capital improvements and the operating costs associated with the substations and lines. Generally, each party is responsible for the capital, operation and maintenance and other costs of these jointly owned facilities based upon each participant’s undivided ownership interest, and each participant is responsible for providing its own financing. Our participating share of expenses associated with these jointly held assets are primarily recorded within operation and maintenance expenses on our consolidated statements of operations.
We have investments in jointly owned utility assets as shown in the table below as of
December 31, 2017
:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Investments (a)
|
(In millions)
|
Substations
|
|
Lines
|
|
Other
|
ITCTransmission (b)
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
29
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
METC (c)
|
14
|
|
|
41
|
|
|
—
|
|
ITC Midwest (d)
|
27
|
|
|
36
|
|
|
7
|
|
ITC Great Plains (e)
|
10
|
|
|
23
|
|
|
—
|
|
Total
|
$
|
51
|
|
|
$
|
129
|
|
|
$
|
7
|
|
____________________________
|
|
(a)
|
Amount represents our investment in jointly held plant, which has been reduced by the ownership interest amounts of other parties.
|
|
|
(b)
|
ITCTransmission has joint ownership in two 345 kV transmission lines with a municipal power agency that has a
50.4%
ownership interest in the transmission lines. An Ownership and Operating Agreement with the municipal power agency provides ITCTransmission with authority for construction of capital improvements and for the operation and management of the transmission lines. The municipal power agency is responsible for the capital and operation and maintenance costs allocable to their ownership interest.
|
|
|
(c)
|
METC has joint sharing of several assets within various substations with Consumers Energy, other municipal distribution systems and other generators. The rights, responsibilities and obligations for these jointly owned assets are documented in the Amended and Restated Distribution — Transmission Interconnection Agreement with Consumers Energy and in numerous interconnection facilities agreements with various municipalities and other generators. In addition, other municipal power agencies and cooperatives have an ownership interest in several METC 345 kV transmission lines. This ownership entitles these municipal power agencies and cooperatives to approximately 608 MW of network transmission service from the METC transmission system. As of
December 31, 2017
, METC’s ownership percentages for jointly owned substation facilities and lines ranged from
6.3%
to
92.0%
and
1.0%
to
41.9%
, respectively.
|
|
|
(d)
|
ITC Midwest has joint sharing of several substations and transmission lines with various parties. As of
December 31, 2017
, ITC Midwest had net investments in jointly owned substation assets under construction of
$7 million
. ITC Midwest’s ownership percentages for jointly owned substation facilities and lines ranged from
28.0%
to
80.0%
and
11.0%
to
80.0%
, respectively, as of
December 31, 2017
.
|
|
|
(e)
|
In 2014, ITC Great Plains entered into a joint ownership agreement with an electric cooperative that has a
49.0%
ownership interest in a transmission project. ITC Great Plains will construct and operate the project and the electric cooperative will be responsible for their ownership percentage of capital and operation and maintenance costs. As of
December 31, 2017
, ITC Great Plains’ ownership percentage in the project was
51.0%
.
|
16
.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Intercompany Receivables and Payables
ITC Holdings may incur charges from Fortis and other subsidiaries of Fortis that are not subsidiaries of ITC Holdings for general corporate expenses incurred. In addition, ITC Holdings may perform additional services for, or receive additional services from, Fortis and such subsidiaries. These transactions are in the normal course of business and payments for these services are settled through accounts receivable and accounts payable, as necessary. We had intercompany receivables from Fortis and such subsidiaries of less than
$1 million
at
December 31, 2017
and
December 31, 2016
and intercompany payables to Fortis and such subsidiaries of less than
$1 million
at
December 31, 2017
and
no
intercompany payables to Fortis and such subsidiaries at
December 31, 2016
.
Related party charges for corporate expenses from Fortis and other subsidiaries of Fortis recorded in general and administrative expense for ITC Holdings were
$8 million
and less than
$1 million
for the years ended
December 31, 2017
and
2016
, respectively. Related party billings for services to Fortis and other subsidiaries recorded as an offset to general and administrative expenses for ITC Holdings were
$1 million
and less than
$1 million
for the years ended
December 31, 2017
and
2016
, respectively.
Dividends
During the year ended
December 31, 2017
we paid dividends of
$300 million
to Investment Holdings. ITC Holdings also paid dividends of
$50 million
to Investment Holdings in January of 2018.
During the fourth quarter of 2016, we received
$137 million
from Investment Holdings for the cash settlement of the share-based awards that vested at the consummation of the Merger as described above. Additionally, we paid dividends of
$33 million
to Investment Holdings during the fourth quarter of 2016.
17
.
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
Environmental Matters
We are subject to federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations, which impose limitations on the discharge of pollutants into the environment, establish standards for the management, treatment, storage, transportation and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes and hazardous materials, and impose obligations to investigate and remediate contamination in certain circumstances. Liabilities relating to investigation and remediation of contamination, as well as other liabilities concerning hazardous materials or contamination, such as claims for personal injury or property damage, may arise at many locations, including formerly owned or operated
properties and sites where wastes have been treated or disposed of, as well as properties currently owned or operated by us. Such liabilities may arise even where the contamination does not result from noncompliance with applicable environmental laws. Under some environmental laws, such liabilities may also be joint and several, meaning that a party can be held responsible for more than its share of the liability involved, or even the entire share. Although environmental requirements generally have become more stringent and compliance with those requirements more expensive, we are not aware of any specific developments that would increase our costs for such compliance in a manner that would be expected to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position or liquidity.
Our assets and operations also involve the use of materials classified as hazardous, toxic or otherwise dangerous. Many of the properties that we own or operate have been used for many years, and include older facilities and equipment that may be more likely than newer ones to contain or be made from such materials. Some of these properties include aboveground or underground storage tanks and associated piping. Some of them also include large electrical equipment filled with mineral oil, which may contain or previously have contained PCBs. Our facilities and equipment are often situated on or near property owned by others so that, if they are the source of contamination, others’ property may be affected. For example, aboveground and underground transmission lines sometimes traverse properties that we do not own and transmission assets that we own or operate are sometimes commingled at our transmission stations with distribution assets owned or operated by our transmission customers.
Some properties in which we have an ownership interest or at which we operate are, or are suspected of being, affected by environmental contamination. We are not aware of any pending or threatened claims against us with respect to environmental contamination relating to these properties, or of any investigation or remediation of contamination at these properties, that entail costs likely to materially affect us. Some facilities and properties are located near environmentally sensitive areas such as wetlands.
Litigation
We are involved in certain legal proceedings before various courts, governmental agencies and mediation panels concerning matters arising in the ordinary course of business. These proceedings include certain contract disputes, eminent domain and vegetation management activities, regulatory matters and pending judicial matters. We cannot predict the final disposition of such proceedings. We regularly review legal matters and record provisions for claims that are considered probable of loss.
Michigan Sales and Use Tax Audit
The Michigan Department of Treasury has conducted sales and use tax audits of ITCTransmission for the audit periods April 1, 2005 through June 30, 2008 and October 1, 2009 through September 30, 2013. The Michigan Department of Treasury has denied ITCTransmission’s claims of the industrial processing exemption from use tax that it has taken beginning January 1, 2007. The exemption claim denials resulted in use tax assessments against ITCTransmission. ITCTransmission filed administrative appeals to contest these use tax assessments.
In a separate, but related case involving a Michigan-based public utility that made similar industrial processing exemption claims, the Michigan Supreme Court ruled in July 2015 that the electric system, which involves altering voltage, constitutes an exempt, industrial processing activity. However, the ruling further held the electric system is also used for other functions that would not be exempt, and remanded the case to the Michigan Court of Claims to determine how the exemption applies to assets that are used in electric distribution activities. On March 30, 2016, ITCTransmission withdrew its administrative appeals, and subsequently filed a civil action in the Michigan Court of Claims seeking to have the use tax assessments at issue canceled. On November 2, 2016, the Michigan Court of Claims denied a motion filed by the Michigan Department of Treasury for partial summary disposition of the ITCTransmission civil action. The Michigan Department of Treasury appealed this denial with the Michigan Court of Appeals. The Court of Claims consolidated our civil action with similar, pending litigation involving another company, and ordered both cases to mediation.
On March 23, 2017, following the facilitated court ordered mediation, the parties entered into a settlement agreement. Pursuant to that agreement, the Court of Appeals dismissed the appeal filed by the Michigan Department of Treasury on March 30, 2017. On April 3, 2017, the Court of Claims dismissed the civil action filed by ITCTransmission.
The amount of use tax and interest associated with the settlement agreement has been paid and recorded primarily as an increase to property, plant and equipment, which is a component of revenue requirement in our cost-based formula rate.
METC has also taken the industrial processing exemption. We believe it is probable that METC will be required to remit use tax associated with this exemption. As of
December 31, 2017
, METC had recorded an estimated current liability of
$4 million
for open periods. The additional use tax liability has been recorded primarily as an increase to the cost of property, plant and equipment, as the majority of purchases for which the exemption was taken relate to purchases associated with capital projects.
Rate of Return on Equity Complaints
On November 12, 2013, the Association of Businesses Advocating Tariff Equity, Coalition of MISO Transmission Customers, Illinois Industrial Energy Consumers, Indiana Industrial Energy Consumers, Inc., Minnesota Large Industrial Group and Wisconsin Industrial Energy Group (collectively, the “complainants”) filed
the Initial Complaint with the FERC under Section 206 of the FPA requesting that the FERC find the then current
12.38%
MISO regional base ROE rate (the “base ROE”) for all MISO TOs, including ITCTransmission, METC and ITC Midwest, to no longer be just and reasonable. The complainants sought a FERC order reducing the base ROE used in the formula transmission rates for our MISO Regulated Operating Subsidiaries to
9.15%
,
reducing the equity component of our capital structure
and terminating the ROE adders approved for certain Regulated Operating Subsidiaries.
The FERC set the base ROE for hearing and settlement procedures, while denying all other aspects of the Initial Complaint. The FERC set the refund effective date for the Initial Complaint as November 12, 2013.
On June 19, 2014, in a separate Section 206 complaint against the regional base ROE rate for ISO New England TOs, the FERC adopted a new methodology for establishing base ROE rates for electric transmission utilities. The new methodology is based on a two-step DCF analysis that uses both short-term and long-term growth projections in calculating ROE rates for a proxy group of electric utilities. The FERC also reiterated that it can apply discretion in determining how ROE rates are established within a zone of reasonableness and reiterated its policy for limiting the overall ROE rate for any company, including the base and all applicable adders, at the high end of the zone of reasonableness set by the two-step DCF methodology. The new method presented in the ISO New England ROE case, including any revisions made in response to the decision of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in
Emera Maine v. FERC
, discussed below, will be used in resolving the MISO ROE cases.
On December 22, 2015, the presiding administrative law judge issued an initial decision on the Initial Complaint, consistent with the new methodology adopted in the ISO New England decision in June 2014. On September 28, 2016, the FERC issued the September 2016 Order affirming the presiding administrative law judge’s initial decision and setting the base ROE at
10.32%
, with a maximum ROE of
11.35%
, effective for the period from November 12, 2013 through February 11, 2015 (the “Initial Refund Period”). Additionally, the rates established by the September 2016 Order will be used prospectively from the date of that order until a new approved rate is established by the FERC in ruling on the Second Complaint described below. The September 2016 Order resulted in an ROE used currently by ITCTransmission, METC and ITC Midwest of
11.35%
,
11.35%
and
11.32%
, respectively.
The September 2016 Order required all MISO TOs, including our MISO Regulated Operating Subsidiaries, to provide refunds for the Initial Refund Period. The total estimated refund for the Initial Complaint resulting from this FERC order, including interest, was
$118 million
for our MISO Regulated Operating Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016, recorded in current liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial position. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we provided net refunds with interest, which were substantially finalized during the second quarter of 2017. The total amount of the net refunds, including interest and the associated true-up, for the Initial Complaint were not materially different from the estimated amount recorded as of December 31, 2016.
On October 28, 2016, the MISO TOs, including our MISO Regulated Operating Subsidiaries, filed a request with the FERC for rehearing of the September 2016 Order regarding the short-term growth projections in the two-step DCF analysis used by FERC to determine the cost of equity of public utilities. The complainants also filed a request for rehearing, citing that FERC erred in several material respects in the September 2016 Order. The FERC issued a tolling order on November 28, 2016 to allow for additional time to address the rehearing requests.
On February 12, 2015, the Second Complaint was filed with the FERC under Section 206 of the FPA by
Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation, Mississippi Delta Energy Agency, Clarksdale Public Utilities Commission, Public Service Commission of Yazoo City and Hoosier Energy Rural Electric Cooperative, Inc.,
seeking a FERC order to
reduce the base ROE used in the formula transmission rates of our MISO Regulated Operating Subsidiaries to
8.67%
, with an effective date of February 12, 2015. The FERC set the Second Complaint for hearing and settlement procedures and set the refund effective date for the Second Complaint as February 12, 2015.
On June 30, 2016, the presiding administrative law judge issued an initial decision on the Second Complaint, which recommended a base ROE of
9.70%
for February 12, 2015 through May 11, 2016
(the “Second Refund Period”), with a maximum ROE of
10.68%
.
The initial decision is a non-binding recommendation to the FERC on the Second Complaint, and all parties have filed briefs contesting various parts of the proposed findings and recommendations. FERC has not yet issued an order on the initial decision on the Second Complaint.
On April 14, 2017, in
Emera Maine v. FERC
, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit vacated the precedent-setting FERC orders that revised the regional base ROE rate for the ISO New England TOs and established and applied the two-step DCF methodology for the determination of ROE. The court remanded the orders to the FERC for further justification of its establishment of the new base ROE for the New England TOs.
On September 29, 2017, certain MISO transmission owners, including our MISO Regulated Operating Subsidiaries, filed a motion for the FERC to dismiss the Second Complaint, on the grounds that the Second Complaint fails as a matter of law to make the showings required by the D.C. Circuit’s decision in
Emera Maine
to demonstrate that the currently effective base ROE of
10.32%
is unjust and unreasonable. Pending a determination by FERC on the merits of the motion, the estimated current regulatory liability that has been recorded in the consolidated statements of financial position for the Second Complaint has not been modified.
If the Second Complaint is not dismissed, we expect the FERC to establish a new base ROE and zone of reasonableness that will be used, along with any ROE adders, to calculate the refund liability for the Second Refund Period and future ROEs for our MISO Regulated Operating Subsidiaries. As of
December 31, 2017
, the estimated range of refunds for the related refund period is from
$106 million
to
$145 million
on a pre-tax basis
.
Our MISO Regulated Operating Subsidiaries have recorded an estimated current regulatory liability for the Second Complaint of
$145 million
as of
December 31, 2017
.
An estimated liability for the Second Refund Period of
$140 million
was recorded as a non-current regulatory liability
as of
December 31, 2016
.
The recognition of the obligations associated with the complaints resulted in a reduction of revenues and net income and additional interest expense as set forth in the table below for the periods indicated.
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Year Ended December 31,
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(In millions)
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2017
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2016
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|
2015
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Revenue reduction
|
$
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—
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$
|
80
|
|
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$
|
115
|
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Interest expense increase
|
6
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|
10
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|
5
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Estimated net income reduction (a)
|
3
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55
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|
73
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____________________________
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(a)
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Includes an effect on net income of
$27 million
and
$28 million
for the years ended December 31,
2016
and
2015
, respectively, for revenue initially recognized in 2015, 2014 and 2013.
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It is possible that the outcome of these matters could differ from the estimated range of losses and materially affect our consolidated results of operations due to the uncertainty of the calculation of an authorized base ROE along with the zone of reasonableness, which is subject to significant discretion by the FERC. Further uncertainty regarding the outcome of the Initial Complaint and the Second Complaint and the timing of completion of these matters has been introduced due to the
Emera Maine v. FERC
decision.
As of
December 31, 2017
, our MISO Regulated Operating Subsidiaries had a total of approximately
$3 billion
of equity in their collective capital structures for ratemaking purposes. Based on this level of aggregate equity, we estimate that each
10
basis point reduction in the authorized ROE would reduce annual consolidated net income by approximately
$3 million
.
In a separate but related matter, in November 2014, METC, ITC Midwest and other MISO TOs filed a request with the FERC, under FPA Section 205, for authority to include a
50
basis point incentive adder for RTO participation in each of the TOs’ formula rates. On January 5, 2015, the FERC approved the use of this incentive adder, effective January 6, 2015. Additionally, ITC Midwest filed a request with the FERC, under FPA Section 205, in January 2015 for authority to include a
100
basis point incentive adder for independent transmission ownership, which is currently authorized for ITCTransmission and METC. On March 31, 2015, the FERC approved the use of a
50
basis point incentive adder for independence, effective April 1, 2015. On April 30, 2015, ITC Midwest and an intervenor, RPGI,
filed separate requests with the FERC for rehearing on the approved incentive adder for independence, and both requests were subsequently denied by the FERC on January 6, 2016. RPGI has filed an appeal of the FERC’s decisions, which remains pending. Beginning September 28, 2016, these incentive adders have been applied to METC’s and ITC Midwest’s base ROEs in establishing their total authorized ROE rates, subject to the maximum ROE limitation in the September 2016 Order of
11.35%
.
Development Projects
We are pursuing strategic development projects that may result in payments to developers that are contingent on the projects reaching certain milestones indicating that the projects are financially viable. We believe it is reasonably possible that we will be required to make these contingent development payments up to a maximum amount of
$125 million
for the period from 2018 through 2021. In the event it becomes probable that we will make these payments, we would recognize the liability and the corresponding intangible asset or expense as appropriate.
Purchase Obligations and Leases
At
December 31, 2017
, we had purchase obligations of
$72 million
representing commitments for materials, services and equipment that had not been received as of
December 31, 2017
, primarily for construction and maintenance projects for which we have an executed contract. Of these purchase obligations,
$71 million
is expected to be paid in
2018
, with the majority of the items related to materials and equipment that have long production lead times.
We have operating leases for office space, equipment and storage facilities. We recognize expenses relating to our operating lease obligations on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. We recognized rent expense of
$1 million
for each of the years ended
December 31, 2017
,
2016
and
2015
recorded in general and administrative expenses as well as operation and maintenance expenses. These amounts and the amounts in the table below do not include any expense or payments to be made under the METC Easement Agreement described below under “Other Commitments — METC — Amended and Restated Easement Agreement with Consumers Energy.”
Future minimum lease payments under the leases at
December 31, 2017
were:
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(In millions)
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2018
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$
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1
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2019
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1
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2020
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1
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2021
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—
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2022 and thereafter
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1
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Total minimum lease payments
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$
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4
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Other Commitments
METC
Amended and Restated Purchase and Sale Agreement for Ancillary Services.
Since METC does not own any generating facilities, it must procure ancillary services from third party suppliers, such as Consumers Energy. Currently, under the Ancillary Services Agreement, METC pays Consumers Energy for providing certain generation based services necessary to support the reliable operation of the bulk power grid, such as voltage support and generation capability and capacity to balance loads and generation.
Amended and Restated Easement Agreement.
Under the Easement Agreement, Consumers Energy provides METC with an easement to the land on which a majority of METC’s transmission towers, poles, lines and other transmission facilities used to transmit electricity for Consumers Energy and others are located.
METC pays Consumers Energy
$10 million
per year for the easement and also pays for any rentals, property, taxes, and other fees related to the property covered by the Easement Agreement. Payments to Consumers Energy under the Easement Agreement are charged to operation and maintenance expenses.
ITC Midwest
Operations Services Agreement For 34.5 kV Transmission Facilities.
ITC Midwest and IP&L entered into the OSA under which IP&L performs certain operations functions for ITC Midwest’s 34.5 kV transmission system on
behalf of ITC Midwest. The OSA provides that when ITC Midwest upgrades 34.5 kV facilities to higher operating voltages it may notify IP&L of the change and the OSA is no longer applicable to those facilities.
ITC Great Plains
Amended and Restated Maintenance Agreement.
Mid-Kansas and ITC Great Plains have entered into the Mid-Kansas Agreement pursuant to which Mid-Kansas has agreed to perform various field operations and maintenance services related to certain ITC Great Plains assets.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Our credit risk is primarily with DTE Electric, Consumers Energy and IP&L, which were responsible for approximately
22.1%
,
21.3%
and
25.7%
, respectively, or
$280 million
,
$269 million
and
$325 million
, respectively, of our consolidated billed revenues for the year ended
December 31, 2017
. These percentages and amounts of total billed revenues of DTE Electric, Consumers Energy and IP&L include the collection of
2015
revenue accruals and deferrals and exclude any amounts for the
2017
revenue accruals and deferrals that were included in our
2017
operating revenues, but will not be billed to our customers until
2019
.
Under DTE Electric’s and Consumers Energy’s current rate structure, DTE Electric and Consumers Energy include in their retail rates the actual cost of transmission services provided by ITCTransmission and METC, respectively, in their billings to their customers, effectively passing through to end-use consumers the total cost of transmission service. IP&L currently includes in their retail rates an allowance for transmission services provided by ITC Midwest in their billings to their customers. However, any financial difficulties experienced by DTE Electric, Consumers Energy or IP&L may affect their ability to make payments for transmission service to ITCTransmission, METC, and ITC Midwest, which could negatively impact our business. MISO, as our MISO Regulated Operating Subsidiaries’ billing agent, bills DTE Electric, Consumers Energy, IP&L and other customers on a monthly basis and collects fees for the use of the MISO Regulated Operating Subsidiaries’ transmission systems. SPP is the billing agent for ITC Great Plains and bills transmission customers for the use of ITC Great Plains transmission systems. MISO and SPP have implemented strict credit policies for its members’ customers, which include customers using our transmission systems. Specifically, MISO and SPP require a letter of credit or cash deposit equal to the credit exposure, which is determined by a credit scoring model and other factors, from any customer using a member’s transmission system.
The financial results of ITC Interconnection are currently not material to our consolidated financial statements, including billed revenues.
18
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SEGMENT INFORMATION
We identify reportable segments based on the criteria set forth by the FASB regarding disclosures about segments of an enterprise, including the regulatory environment of our subsidiaries and the business activities performed to earn revenues and incur expenses. During the second quarter of 2016, ITC Interconnection became a transmission owner in the FERC-approved RTO, PJM Interconnection. As a result, the newly regulated transmission business at ITC Interconnection is included in the Regulated Operating Subsidiaries segment as of June 1, 2016.
Regulated Operating Subsidiaries
We aggregate ITCTransmission, METC, ITC Midwest, ITC Great Plains and ITC Interconnection into one reportable operating segment based on their similar regulatory environment and economic characteristics, among other factors. They are engaged in the transmission of electricity within the United States, earn revenues from the same types of customers and are regulated by the FERC.
ITC Holdings and Other
Information below for ITC Holdings and Other consists of a holding company whose activities include debt financings and general corporate activities and all of ITC Holdings’ other subsidiaries, excluding the Regulated Operating Subsidiaries, which are focused primarily on business development activities.
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Regulated
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Operating
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ITC Holdings
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Reconciliations/
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2017
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Subsidiaries
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and Other
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Eliminations
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Total
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(In millions)
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Operating revenues
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$
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1,241
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$
|
—
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|
|
$
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(30
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)
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$
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1,211
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Depreciation and amortization
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168
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|
1
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|
|
—
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169
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Interest expense — net
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104
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|
120
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—
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|
224
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Income (loss) before income taxes
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664
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|
(149
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)
|
|
—
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|
515
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Income tax provision (benefit)
|
207
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|
(11
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)
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|
—
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|
196
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Net income
|
457
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|
319
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(457
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)
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|
319
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Property, plant and equipment — net
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7,299
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|
10
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|
|
—
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|
|
7,309
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Goodwill
|
950
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|
|
—
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|
|
—
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|
|
950
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Total assets (a)
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8,688
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|
4,799
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(4,664
|
)
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|
8,823
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Capital expenditures
|
761
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|
|
—
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|
|
(6
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)
|
|
755
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Regulated
|
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Operating
|
|
ITC Holdings
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Reconciliations/
|
|
|
2016
|
Subsidiaries (b)
|
|
and Other
|
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Eliminations
|
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Total
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
Operating revenues
|
$
|
1,140
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|
$
|
1
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|
|
$
|
(16
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)
|
|
$
|
1,125
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|
Depreciation and amortization
|
157
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|
1
|
|
|
—
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|
|
158
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|
Interest expense — net
|
99
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|
|
112
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|
|
—
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|
|
211
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|
Income (loss) before income taxes
|
597
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|
|
(254
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)
|
|
—
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|
|
343
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Income tax provision (benefit)
|
227
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|
|
(130
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)
|
|
—
|
|
|
97
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|
Net income
|
371
|
|
|
246
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|
|
(371
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)
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|
246
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Property, plant and equipment — net
|
6,687
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|
|
11
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|
|
—
|
|
|
6,698
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|
Goodwill
|
950
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
950
|
|
Total assets (a)
|
8,162
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|
|
4,503
|
|
|
(4,442
|
)
|
|
8,223
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|
Capital expenditures
|
758
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(8
|
)
|
|
750
|
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Regulated
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating
|
|
ITC Holdings
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Reconciliations/
|
|
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2015
|
Subsidiaries
|
|
and Other
|
|
Eliminations
|
|
Total
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating revenues
|
$
|
1,044
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|
|
$
|
1
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
1,045
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
144
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
145
|
|
Interest expense — net
|
97
|
|
|
107
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
204
|
|
Income (loss) before income taxes
|
530
|
|
|
(146
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
384
|
|
Income tax provision (benefit)
|
201
|
|
|
(59
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
|
142
|
|
Net income
|
329
|
|
|
242
|
|
|
(329
|
)
|
|
242
|
|
Property, plant and equipment — net
|
6,094
|
|
|
16
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
6,110
|
|
Goodwill
|
950
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
950
|
|
Total assets (a) (c)
|
7,463
|
|
|
4,148
|
|
|
(4,056
|
)
|
|
7,555
|
|
Capital expenditures
|
705
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
(7
|
)
|
|
701
|
|
____________________________
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(a)
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Reconciliation of total assets results primarily from differences in the netting of deferred tax assets and liabilities at our Regulated Operating Subsidiaries as compared to the classification in our consolidated statements of financial position.
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(b)
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Amounts include the results of operations and capital expenditures from ITC Interconnection for the period June 1, 2016 through December 31, 2016.
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(c)
|
All amounts presented reflect the change in authoritative guidance on the presentation of debt issuance costs on the balance sheet. This change was adopted retrospectively by us in 2016.
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19
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SUPPLEMENTARY QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)
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First
|
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Second
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Third
|
|
Fourth
|
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|
(In millions)
|
Quarter
|
|
Quarter
|
|
Quarter
|
|
Quarter
|
|
Year
|
2017
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating revenues (a)
|
$
|
298
|
|
|
$
|
303
|
|
|
$
|
299
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|
|
$
|
311
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|
|
$
|
1,211
|
|
Operating income (a)
|
173
|
|
|
176
|
|
|
175
|
|
|
184
|
|
|
708
|
|
Net income (a)
|
80
|
|
|
81
|
|
|
82
|
|
|
76
|
|
|
319
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|
2016
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating revenues (a)
|
$
|
280
|
|
|
$
|
298
|
|
|
$
|
254
|
|
|
$
|
293
|
|
|
$
|
1,125
|
|
Operating income (a)
|
147
|
|
|
161
|
|
|
125
|
|
|
89
|
|
|
522
|
|
Net income (a)
|
65
|
|
|
74
|
|
|
51
|
|
|
56
|
|
|
246
|
|
____________________________
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(a)
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During the years ended
December 31, 2017
and
2016
, we recognized an aggregate estimated regulatory liability for the refund and estimated refunds relating to the ROE complaints as described in
Note 17
, which resulted in a reduction in operating revenues and operating income of
$80 million
for the year ended
December 31, 2016
and an estimated
$3 million
and
$55 million
reduction to net income for the years ended
December 31, 2017
and
2016
, respectively.
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