UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
(Mark One)
☒
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2022
or
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________ to _____________
 
Commission file number: 001-11460
 
graphic

Brooklyn ImmunoTherapeutics, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Delaware
  
31-1103425
(State of incorporation)
  
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

10355 Science Center Drive, Suite 150
San Diego, California
  
92121
(Address of principal executive offices)
  
(Zip Code)

(212) 582-1199
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
  
Trading symbol
  
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.005 par value per share
  
BTX
  
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every interactive data file required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒  No ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
 ☐
Accelerated filer
☐
Non-accelerated filer
 ☒
Smaller reporting company
 ☒
   
Emerging growth company
 ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐  No ☒
 
As of August 10, 2022, the registrant had outstanding 58,825,739 shares of common stock, $0.005 par value per share.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
 
Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
  
Item 1.
Financial Statements (unaudited)
  
 
1
 
2
 
3
 
5
 
6
Item 2.
26
Item 3.
36
Item 4.
36
 
 
  
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
  
Item 1.
37
Item 1A.
37
Item 2.
37
Item 3.
38
Item 4.
38
Item 5.
38
Item 6.
38
39

i
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” as that term is defined under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“PSLRA”), Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements include statements related to future events, results, performance, prospects and opportunities, including statements related to our strategic plans and targets, revenue generation, product availability and offerings, capital needs, capital expenditures, industry trends and our financial position. Forward-looking statements are based on information currently available to us, on our current expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections about the industries in which we operate and on the beliefs and assumptions of management. Forward looking statements often contain words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “could,” “targets,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “may,” “will,” “would,” and similar expressions. In addition, any statements that refer to projections of our future financial performance, our anticipated growth and trends in our business, and other characterizations of future events or circumstances, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements by their nature address matters that are, to different degrees, subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. For us, particular factors that might cause or contribute to such differences include those risks and uncertainties described in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2021 and described in other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC.

Readers are urged not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We are including this cautionary note to make applicable, and take advantage of, the safe harbor provisions of the PSLRA. Except as required by law, we do not undertake, and expressly disclaim any obligation, to disseminate, after the date hereof, any updates or revisions to any such forward-looking statements to reflect any change in expectations or events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statements are based.

We believe that the expectations reflected in forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are based upon reasonable assumptions at the time made. However, given the risks and uncertainties, you should not rely on any forward- looking statements as a prediction of actual results, developments or other outcomes. You should read these forward-looking statements with the understanding that we may be unable to achieve projected results, developments or other outcomes and that actual results, developments or other outcomes may be materially different from what we expect.

Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, all references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “Brooklyn” refer to Brooklyn ImmunoTherapeutics, Inc., references to “Brooklyn LLC” refer to Brooklyn ImmunoTherapeutics LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Brooklyn, and references to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Brooklyn. and its subsidiaries, including Brooklyn LLC, Novellus, Inc. and Novellus Therapeutics Limited.

ii
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.
Financial Statements

BROOKLYN IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
  CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except par value amount)
(unaudited)


  
June 30,
2022
    
December 31,
2021
  
ASSETS
  
       
Current assets:
            
Cash
  
$
19,407
    
$
16,985
  
Other receivable
    
694
      
684
  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
    
1,824
      
1,097
  
Total current assets
    
21,925
      
18,766
  
Property and equipment, net
    
424
      
670
  
Right-of-use assets - operating leases
    
1,943
      
2,567
  
Goodwill
    
2,044
      
2,044
  
In-process research and development
    
-
      
5,990
  
Investment in non-controlling interest
     89       1,000  
Security deposits and other assets
    
477
      
488
  
Total assets
  
$
26,902
    
$
31,525
  
                 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
                
Current liabilities:
                
Accounts payable
  
$
1,478
    
$
1,755
  
Accrued expenses
    
3,821
      
1,249
  
Operating lease liabilities, current
    
390
      
426
  
Other current liabilities     1,429
       247
  
Total current liabilities
    
7,118
      
3,677
  
Warrant liabilities
    
2,524
      
-
  
Operating lease liabilities, non-current
    
2,433
      
2,297
  
Other liabilities
    
48
      
48
  
Total liabilities
    
12,123
      
6,022
  
                 
Stockholders’ equity:
                
Preferred stock, $0.005 par value, 1,000 shares authorized, 156 designated, issued and outstanding of Series A convertible preferred stock at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, $156 liquidation preference
     1       1  
Common stock, $0.005 par value, 100,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021; 57,469 and 52,021 issued and outstanding at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively
    
287
      
260
  
Additional paid-in capital
    
167,974
      
165,944
  
Accumulated deficit
    
(153,483
)
    
(140,702
)
Total stockholders’ equity
    
14,779
      
25,503
Total liabilities and stockholders’  equity
  
$
26,902
    
$
31,525
  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

1
BROOKLYN IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
(unaudited)

    Three months ended June 30,     Six months ended June 30,  
    2022     2021     2022     2021  
Operating expenses:
                        
Research and development
  
$
1,685
    
$
5,432
    
$
3,467
    
$
6,965
  
General and administrative
    
6,205
      
4,581
      
10,719
      
6,204
  
Impairment of in-process research and development
     5,990
       -
       5,990
       -
  
Transaction costs
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
5,765
  
Total operating expenses
    
13,880
      
10,013
      
20,176
      
18,934
  
Loss from operations
    
(13,880
)
    
(10,013
)
    
(20,176
)
    
(18,934
)
                                 
Other income (expense), net:
                                
Loss on sale of NTN assets
    
-
      
(50
)
    
-
      
(9,648
)
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities
     10,792       -       9,470       -  
Loss on non-controlling investment
     (296 )     -       (911 )     -  
Other expense, net
    
(14
)
    
(22
)
    
(1,156
)
    
(25
)
Total other income (expense), net
    
10,482
      
(72
)
    
7,403
      
(9,673
)
Net loss
    
(3,398
)
    
(10,085
)
    
(12,773
)
    
(28,607
)
Series A preferred stock dividend
     (8 )     (8 )     (8 )     (8 )
Net loss attributable to common stockholders
   $ (3,406 )   $ (10,093 )   $ (12,781 )   $ (28,615 )

                               
Net loss per common share - basic and diluted
  
$
(0.06
)
  
$
(0.24
)
  
$
(0.23
)
  
$
(0.81
)
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted
    
58,805
      
42,448
      
56,230
      
35,187
  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

2
BROOKLYN IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ AND MEMBERS’ EQUITY
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)
(in thousands)

 
  
Common Stock
    
Series A Preferred
Stock
    
Additional
Paid-in
     Accumulated        
 
  
Shares
    
Amount
    
Shares
    
Amount
    
Capital
    
Deficit
    
Total
  
Balances at April 1, 2022
     57,452     $ 287       156     $ 1     $ 167,100     $ (150,077 )   $ 17,311  
Issuance of common stock from vested restricted stock units
     17       -       -       -       (5 )     -       (5 )
Stock-based compensation
     -       -       -       -       879       -       879  
Cash dividends to Series A preferred stockholders
     -       -       -       -       -       (8 )     (8 )
Net loss
     -       -       -       -       -       (3,398 )     (3,398 )
Balances at June 30, 2022
     57,469     $ 287       156     $ 1     $ 167,974     $ (153,483 )   $ 14,779  
                                                         
Balances at January 1, 2022
    
52,021
    
$
260
      
156
    
$
1
    
$
165,944
    
$
(140,702
)
  
$
25,503
  
Issuance of common stock in connection with private offering
    
5,500
      
27
      
-
      
-
      
(27
)
    
-
      
-
  
Forfeiture of unvested restricted stock
    
(78
)
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
  
Issuance of common stock from vested restricted stock units
     26       -       -       -       (5 )     -       (5 )
Stock-based compensation
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
2,062
      
-
      
2,062
  
Cash dividends to Series A preferred stockholders
     -       -       -       -       -       (8 )     (8 )
Net loss
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
(12,773
)
    
(12,773
)
Balances at June 30, 2022
    
57,469
    
$
287
      
156
    
$
1
    
$
167,974
    
$
(153,483
)
  
$
14,779
  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3
    Membership Equity     Common Stock    
Series A Preferred
Stock
    
Additional
Paid-in
     Accumulated        
    Class A     Class B
     Class C
     Common     Shares     Amount     Shares     Amount     Capital     Deficit     Total  
Balances at April 1, 2021
   $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -       41,506     $ 208       156     $ 1     $ 50,453     $ (36,663 )   $ 13,999  
Common stock to be retained by NTN stockholders
     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  
Issuance of common stock from the exercise of stock options
     -       -       -       -       1       -       -       -       10       -       10  
Issuance of common stock related to stock purchase agreement with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC, net
     -       -       -       -       3,212       16       -       -       48,509       -       48,525  
Issuance of common stock in lieu of cash dividend to Series A preferred stockholders
     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       8       (8 )     -  
Forfeiture of unvested restricted stock
     -       -       -       -       (12 )     -       -       -       -       -       -  
Stock-based compensation
     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       1,154       -       1,154  
Net loss
     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       (10,085 )     (10,085 )
Balances at June 30, 2021
   $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -       44,707     $ 224       156     $ 1     $ 100,134     $ (46,756 )   $ 53,603  

                                                                                       
Balances at January 1, 2021
  
$
23,202
    
$
1,400
    
$
1,000
    
$
198
      
-
    
$
-
      
-
    
$
-
    
$
-
    
$
(18,141
)
  
$
7,659
  
Brooklyn rights offerings membership units
    
10,500
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
10,500
  
Elimination of Brooklyn’s historical members’ equity
    
(33,702
)
    
(1,400
)
    
(1,000
)
    
(198
)
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
36,300
      
-
      
-
  
Issuance of common stock for business combination
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
1,514
      
8
      
-
      
-
      
8,170
      
-
      
8,178
  
Series A preferred stock retained in business combination
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
156
      
1
      
(1
)
    
-
      
-
  
Issuance of common stock to Brooklyn members
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
38,924
      
195
      
-
      
-
      
(195
)
    
-
      
-
  
Issuance of common stock to Financial Advisor upon consummation of merger
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
1,068
      
5
      
-
      
-
      
5,760
      
-
      
5,765
  
Issuance of common stock from the exercise of stock options
     -       -       -       -       1       -       -       -       10       -       10  
Issuance of common stock related to stock purchase agreement with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC, net
     -       -       -       -       3,212       16       -       -       48,509       -       48,525  
Issuance of common stock in lieu of cash dividend to Series A preferred stockholders
     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       8       (8 )     -  
Forfeiture of unvested restricted stock
     -       -       -       -       (12 )     -       -       -       -       -       -  
Stock-based compensation
     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       1,573       -       1,573  
Net loss
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
       (28,607 )    
(28,607
)
Balances at June 30, 2021
  
$
-
    
$
-
    
$
-
    
$
-
      
44,707
    
$
224
      
156
    
$
1
    
$
100,134
    
$
(46,756
)
  
$
53,603
  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4
BROOKLYN IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(unaudited)

 
  
For the six months ended
June 30,
  
 
  
2022
    
2021
  
Cash flows used in operating activities:
            
Net loss
  
$
(12,773
)
  
$
(28,607
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
                
Depreciation and amortization
    
104
      
63
  
Stock-based compensation
    
2,062
      
1,573
  
Amortization of right-of-use asset
    
186
      
149
  
Impairment of right-of-use asset
     772       -  
Impairment of in-process research and development
     5,990       -  
Transaction costs - shares to Financial Advisor
    
-
      
5,765
  
Loss on sale of NTN assets
    
-
      
9,648
  
Loss on disposal of fixed assets
     274       -  
Gain on lease termination
     (85 )     -  
Gain on warrant liabilities
     (9,470 )     -  
Loss on non-controlling investment
    
911
      
-
  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                
Other receivable
    
(5
)
    
5
  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
    
(727
)
    
(1,508
)
Security deposits and other non-current assets
    
11
      
(27
)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
    
2,295
      
1,862
  
Operating lease liability
    
(153
)
    
(139
)
Other liabilities
    
1,183
      
982
  
Net cash used in operating activities
    
(9,425
)
    
(10,234
)
Cash flows (used in) provided by investing activities:
                
Purchase of property and equipment
    
(233
)
    
-
  
Proceeds from the sales of fixed assets
     100
       -
  
Purchase of NTN, net of cash acquired
    
-
      
147
  
Proceeds from the sale of NTN assets, net of cash disposed
    
-
      
119
  
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
    
(133
)
    
266
  
Cash flows provided by financing activities:
                
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants in connection with private offering
     11,993       -  
Payroll tax remitted on net share settlement of equity awards
     (5 )     -  
Dividends paid to Series A preferred stockholders
     (8 )     -  
Proceeds from issuance of common stock to Lincoln Park
     -       50,497  
Fees incurred in connection with the common stock issued to Lincoln Park
     -       (1,972 )
Proceeds from sale of members’ equity
    
-
      
10,500
  
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options
     -
       10
  
Repayment of NTN’s PPP loan
    
-
      
(532
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
    
11,980
      
58,503
  
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
    
2,422
      
48,535
  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
    
16,985
      
1,630
  
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  
$
19,407
    
$
50,165
  
 
                
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
                
Cash paid during the period for:
                
Interest
  
$
14
    
$
-
  
Income taxes
   $ 8
     $ -
  
 
                
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
                
Issuance of common stock for business combination
  
$
-
    
$
8,177
  
Series A preferred stock retained in business combination
   $ -     $ 1  
Initial measurement of ROU assets and liabilities
   $ 1,706
     $ 874
  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5
BROOKLYN IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
 
1)
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
 

Description of Business



Brooklyn ImmunoTherapeutics Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Brooklyn” or the “Company”), together with its subsidiaries including Brooklyn ImmunoTherapeutics LLC (“Brooklyn LLC”), Novellus, Inc. (“Novellus”) and Novellus Therapeutics, Ltd. (“Novellus, Ltd.”), is a biopharmaceutical company utilizing its mRNA technology platform, including mRNA-based cell reprogramming and gene editing technologies, to create next generation mRNA, gene editing and cell therapies, including iPSC therapies for multiple therapeutic indications. As used herein, the “Company” refers collectively to Brooklyn and its subsidiaries.


On August 12, 2020, Brooklyn (then known as “NTN Buzztime, Inc.”), Brooklyn LLC and BIT Merger Sub, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Brooklyn (the “Merger Sub”), entered into an agreement and plan of merger and reorganization (the “Merger Agreement”) pursuant to which, among other matters, Merger Sub merged with and into Brooklyn LLC, with Brooklyn LLC continuing as a wholly owned subsidiary of Brooklyn and as the surviving company of the merger (the “Merger”). The Merger closed on March 25, 2021. After the Merger, Brooklyn changed its name from “NTN Buzztime, Inc.” to “Brooklyn ImmunoTherapeutics, Inc.” The Merger was accounted for as a reverse acquisition, in which Brooklyn LLC was deemed the acquiring company for accounting purposes.



On March 26, 2021, Brooklyn sold (the “Disposition”) its rights, title and interest in and to the assets relating to the business operated under the name “NTN Buzztime, Inc.” prior to the Merger to eGames.com Holdings LLC (“eGames.com”) in accordance with the terms of an asset purchase agreement dated September 18, 2020, as amended, between Brooklyn and eGames.com (the “Asset Purchase Agreement”).



On July 16, 2021, Brooklyn and its newly formed, wholly owned subsidiary Brooklyn Acquisition Sub, Inc. entered into an agreement and plan of acquisition (the “Acquisition Agreement”) with (a) Novellus LLC, (b) Novellus (the sole equity holder of Novellus, Ltd. and, prior to the closing under the Acquisition Agreement, a subsidiary of Novellus, LLC), and (c) a seller representative (the “Acquisition”), pursuant to which Brooklyn acquired Novellus and its subsidiary, Novellus, Ltd. As part of the Acquisition, Brooklyn also acquired 25.0% of the total outstanding equity interests of NoveCite, Inc. (“NoveCite”), a corporation focused on developing an allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell product for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, including from COVID-19.



Basis of Presentation



The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial statements and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the unaudited financial statements include all the normal recurring adjustments that are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.



These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read together with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in Brooklyn’s Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on June 30, 2022 (the “10-K/A”). The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021 has been derived from the audited financial statements contained in the 10-K/A but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be anticipated for the entire year ending December 31, 2022, or any other period.


6

Reclassifications



Certain reclassifications have been made to Brooklyn’s prior years’ financial statements to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on Brooklyn’s previously reported results of operations or accumulated deficit.
    
2)
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
 

The Company has incurred significant operating losses and has an accumulated deficit as a result of ongoing efforts to develop product candidates, including conducting clinical trials and providing general and administrative support for operations. As of June 30, 2022, the Company had a cash balance of approximately $19.4 million and an accumulated deficit of approximately $153.5 million. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company incurred a net loss of $3.4 million and $12.8 million, respectively, and the Company used cash in operating activities of $9.4 million.
 

In connection with preparing the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company’s management concluded that there is substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern because it does not expect to have sufficient cash or working capital resources to fund operations for the twelve-month period subsequent to the issuance date of these financial statements. The Company will need to raise additional capital, which could be through the remaining availability under an equity line purchase agreement with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (the “Second Purchase Agreement”) (to the extent the Company is permitted to use such agreement) (see Note 11), public or private equity offerings, debt financings, corporate collaborations or other means. The Company may also seek governmental grants to support its clinical trials and preclinical trials. The Company currently has no arrangements for such capital and no assurances can be given that it will be able to raise such capital when needed, on acceptable terms, or at all.



The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going-concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from uncertainty related to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

3)
MERGER, DISPOSITION AND ACQUISITION TRANSACTIONS
 

Merger


On August 12, 2020, Brooklyn, Brooklyn LLC and the Merger Sub entered into the Merger Agreement, and the Merger closed on March 25, 2021. The Merger was accounted for as a reverse acquisition, in which Brooklyn LLC was deemed the acquiring company for accounting purposes. Brooklyn LLC, as the accounting acquirer, recorded the assets acquired and liabilities assumed of Brooklyn in the Merger at their fair values as of the acquisition date.


Brooklyn LLC was determined to be the accounting acquirer based upon the terms of the Merger and other factors including that (i) Brooklyn LLC members, received common stock in the Merger that represented 96.35% of Brooklyn’s outstanding common stock on a fully diluted basis, (ii) all of the directors of Brooklyn immediately after the Merger were designated by Brooklyn LLC under the terms of the Merger Agreement and (iii) existing members of Brooklyn LLC’s management became the management of Brooklyn immediately after the Merger.


At the closing of the Merger, all the outstanding membership interests of Brooklyn LLC converted into the right to receive an aggregate of approximately 39,992,000 shares of common stock, of which 1,068,000 shares were issued as compensation to Maxim Group LLC, Brooklyn LLC’s financial advisor (the “Financial Advisor”) for its services to Brooklyn LLC in connection with the Merger.

7

The purchase price of $8.2 million, which represents the consideration transferred in the Merger to stockholders of Brooklyn immediately before the Merger, was calculated based on the closing price of $5.40 per share for approximately 1,514,000 shares common stock that those stockholders owned on March 25, 2021 immediately prior to the Merger because that represented a more reliable measure of the fair value of consideration transferred in the Merger.


Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total purchase price has been allocated to the acquired tangible and intangible assets and assumed liabilities of Brooklyn based on their estimated fair values as of March 25, 2021, the Merger closing date. Because the consideration paid by Brooklyn LLC in the Merger is more than the estimated fair values of Brooklyn’s net assets deemed to be acquired, goodwill is equal to the difference of approximately $8.6 million, which has been calculated using the fair values of the net assets of Brooklyn as of March 25, 2021.


The allocation of the purchase price to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities deemed to be assumed from Brooklyn, based on their estimated fair values as of March 25, 2021, is as follows (in thousands):

 
  
Historical
Balance
Sheet of
Brooklyn at
March 25, 2021
    
Fair Value
Adjustment
to Brooklyn
Pre-Merger
Assets
    
Purchase
Price
Allocation
  
Cash and cash equivalents
  
$
148
    
$
-
    
$
148
  
Accounts receivable
    
103
      
-
      
103
  
Prepaid expense and other current assets
    
329
      
-
      
329
  
Property and equipment, net
    
1,015
      
-
      
1,015
  
Software development costs
    
1,296
      
(368
)
    
928
  
Customers
    
-
      
548
      
548
  
Trade name
    
-
      
299
      
299
  
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other current
                        
liabilities
    
(3,781
)
    
-
      
(3,781
)
Net assets acquired, excluding goodwill
  
$
(890
)
  
$
479
    
$
(411
)
                         
Total consideration
  
$
8,178
                  
Net assets acquired, excluding goodwill
    
(411
)
                
Goodwill
  
$
8,589
                  


Brooklyn LLC was obligated under the Merger Agreement to have $10.0 million in cash and cash equivalents on its balance sheet at the effective time of the Merger. To ensure Brooklyn LLC had the required funds, certain beneficial holders of Brooklyn LLC’s Class A membership interests entered into contractual commitments to invest $10.0 million into Brooklyn LLC immediately prior to the closing of the Merger. During March 2021, Brooklyn offered its Class A unit holders an additional 5% rights offering for an additional $0.5 million to be raised by a rights offering. Brooklyn received funds from the rights offering between February 17, 2021 and April 5, 2021.

8

Disposition


On March 26, 2021, Brooklyn sold its rights, title and interest in and to the assets relating to the business it operated (under the name NTN Buzztime, Inc.) prior to the Merger to eGames.com in exchange for a purchase price of $2.0 million and assumption of specified liabilities relating to that business. The sale was completed in accordance with the terms of the Asset Purchase Agreement. Details of the Disposition are as follows (in thousands):

Proceeds from sale:
      
Cash   $ 132  
Escrow
    
50
  
Assume advance/loans
    
1,700
  
Interest on advance/loans
    
68
  
         
Carrying value of assets sold:
        
Cash and cash equivalents
    
(14
)
Accounts receivable
    
(75
)
Prepaids and other current assets
    
(124
)
Property and equipment, net
    
(1,014
)
Software development costs
    
(927
)
Customers
    
(548
)
Trade name
    
(299
)
Goodwill
    
(8,589
)
Other assets
    
(103
)
         
Liabilities transferred upon sale:
        
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
    
113
  
Obligations under finance leases
    
17
  
Lease liability
    
26
  
Deferred revenue
    
55
  
Other current liabilities
    
149
  
         
Transaction costs
    
(265
)
         
Total loss on sale of assets
  
$
(9,648
)


Acquisition


On July 16, 2021, Brooklyn and Brooklyn Acquisition Sub, Inc. entered into the Acquisition Agreement. The Acquisition closed contemporaneously with the execution and delivery of the Acquisition Agreement. At the closing:

 
•
Brooklyn acquired all of the outstanding equity interests of Novellus, Inc. as the result of the merger of Brooklyn Acquisition Sub, Inc. with and into Novellus, Inc., following which, Novellus, Inc., as the surviving corporation, became Brooklyn’s wholly owned subsidiary and Novellus Ltd. became Brooklyn’s indirectly owned subsidiary; and

 
•
Brooklyn acquired 25.0% of the total outstanding equity interests of NoveCite.


As consideration for the Acquisition, Brooklyn paid $22.9 million in cash and delivered approximately 7,022,000 shares of common stock, which under the terms of the Acquisition Agreement, were valued at a total of $102.0 million based on an agreed upon price of $14.5253 per share. At the date of issuance, the fair value of the shares was approximately $58.6 million.


The Acquisition Agreement contained customary representations, warranties and certain indemnification provisions. Approximately 741,000 of the shares issued as consideration were placed in escrow for a period of up to 12 months in order to secure indemnification obligations to Brooklyn under the Acquisition Agreement. The Acquisition Agreement also contains certain non-competition and non-solicitation provisions pursuant to which Novellus LLC agreed not to engage in certain competitive activities for a period of five years following the closing, including customary restrictions relating to employees. No employees of Novellus Ltd. or Novellus, Inc. prior to the Acquisition continued their employment, or were otherwise engaged by Brooklyn, following the Acquisition.



In connection with the Acquisition, the co-founders of Novellus, Inc. entered into lock-up agreements with respect to approximately 3,378,000 of the shares of common stock received in the Acquisition, and Brooklyn’s Chairman of the Board of Directors (the “Board”) and its former Chief Executive Officer and President entered into identical lock-up agreements with respect to their current holdings of Brooklyn stock. Each lock-up agreement extends for a period of three years, provided that up to 75% of the shares of common stock subject to the lock-up agreement may be released from the lock-up restrictions earlier if the price of common stock on the Nasdaq exceeds specified thresholds. The lock-up agreements include customary exceptions for transfers during the applicable lock-up period.

9

The Company expects the Acquisition will advance its evolution into a platform company with a pipeline of next generation mRNA cellular and gene editing programs. In addition, the acquisition of Novellus, Ltd. builds on the License Agreement. (See Note 9). The completion of the acquisition of Novellus, Ltd. relieved Brooklyn LLC from potential obligations to pay Novellus, Ltd. certain upfront fees, clinical development milestone fees and post-registration royalties under the License Agreement. The agreement with Factor Bioscience Limited (“Factor”) under the License Agreement, which grants Brooklyn LLC exclusive rights to develop certain next-generation mRNA gene editing and cell therapy products, remained unchanged.


Although Brooklyn acquired all of the outstanding equity interests of Novellus, Inc., the Company accounted for the Acquisition as an asset acquisition (as the assets acquired did not constitute a business as defined in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805, Business Combinations), and was measured by the amount of cash paid and by the fair value of the shares of common stock issued. As a result, substantially all of the value acquired was attributed to in-process research and development (IPR&D), with the exception of the cash paid for the investment in NoveCite, which is being accounted for as an investment in equity securities, as discussed further below.


Brooklyn paid $22.9 million in cash, net of cash acquired, as part of the consideration for the Acquisition, of which $1.0 million was paid in cash for the investment in NoveCite. Brooklyn also issued approximately 7,022,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, of which approximately 3,644,000 shares are unrestricted and 3,378,000 shares are subject to the three-year lockup. The unrestricted shares were valued at $10.05 per share, which was the closing price of Brooklyn’s common stock on July 16, 2021. The fair value of the restricted shares was discounted by approximately 35% to $6.53 per restricted share, which was derived from the average discount rate between the Black Scholes and Finnerty valuation models. The resulting fair value of the asset acquired is as follows (in thousands):

 
  
Fair Value of
Consideration
  
Cash paid
  
$
22,882
  
Cash acquired
    
(28
)
Unrestricted shares
    
36,628
  
Restricted shares
    
22,056
  
Total fair value of consideration paid
    
81,538
  
Less amount of cash paid for NoveCite investment
    
(1,000
)
Fair value of IPR&D acquired
  
$
80,538
  


IPR&D that is acquired through an asset purchase that has no alternative future uses and no separate economic values from its original intended purpose is expensed in the period the cost is incurred. Accordingly, the Company expensed the fair value of the IPR&D during the third quarter of 2021 in the amount of $80.5 million.

Investment in NoveCite


As a result of the Acquisition,  Brooklyn acquired and currently owns 25% of NoveCite and Citius Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Citius”) owns the remaining 75%. A member of the Company’s management holds one of three board seats on NoveCite’s board of directors. Citius’ s officers and directors hold the other two board seats. The Company is accounting for its interest in NoveCite under ASC Topic 323, Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures. The investment was recorded at cost, which was $1.0 million and is adjusted for the Company’s share of NoveCite’s earnings or losses, which are reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations. The investment may also reflect an equity loss in the event that circumstances indicate an other-than-temporary impairment. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded $0.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively, in losses from its investment in NoveCite, and of the $0.9 million loss for the six months ended June 30, 2022, $0.5 million related to NoveCite’s year ended December 31, 2021.
 
10
4)
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
 

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants. A fair value hierarchy has been established for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:
 
 
•
Level 1 Inputs – Valued based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.
 
 
•
Level 2 Inputs – Valued based on inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (such as interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, credit risks, etc.) or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by market data by correlation or other means.
 
 
•
Level 3 Inputs – Valued based on inputs for which there is little or no market value, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.
 

The following tables summarize the liabilities that are measured at fair value as of June 30, 2022 (in thousands).  There were no liabilities measured at fair value as of December 31, 2021:

 
  
As of June 30, 2022
  
Description
  
Level 1
    
Level 2
    
Level 3
  
Liabilities:
                  
Warrant liabilities - Pre-Funded Warrants
  
$
-
    
$
702
    
$
-
  
Warrant liabilities - Common Warrants
    
-
      
-
      
1,822
  
Total
  
$
-
    
$
702
    
$
1,822
  




On March 9, 2022, the Company issued pre-funded warrants exercisable for approximately 1,357,000 shares of common stock (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”) and warrants exercisable for approximately 6,857,000 shares of common stock (the “Common Warrants”) in connection with the PIPE Transaction (as defined below).  See Note 11 for more information related to the PIPE Transaction.



The Common Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants were accounted for as liabilities under ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging, Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (“ASC 815-40”), as these warrants provide for a cashless settlement provision that does not meet the requirements of the indexation guidance under ASC 815-40.  These warrant liabilities were measured at fair value at inception and are then subsequently measured on a recurring basis, with changes in fair value presented within the Company’s statement of operations.



The Company uses a Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of the Common Warrants, which is considered a Level 3 fair value measurement.  Certain inputs used in this Black-Scholes pricing model may fluctuate in future periods based upon factors that are outside of the Company’s control.  A significant change in one or more of these inputs used in the calculation of the fair value may cause a significant change to the fair value of the Company’s warrant liabilities, which could also result in material non-cash gains or losses being reported in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.


The estimated fair value of the Pre-Funded Warrants was deemed a Level 2 measurement as of June 30, 2022, as all significant inputs to the valuation model used to estimate the fair value of the Pre-Funded Warrants were directly observable from the Company’s publicly-traded common stock.



The fair values of the Common Warrants and the Pre-Funded Warrants at the issuance date totaled $12.6 million in the aggregate, which was $0.6 million more than the $12.0 million proceeds received in the PIPE Transaction.  The excess $0.6 million represents an inducement to the purchaser to enter into the PIPE Transaction and was recorded in warrant liabilities expense in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations.  Given the Company’s capital requirements and market conditions, the Company consummated this financing on market terms available at the time of the transaction.


The Company remeasured the fair value of the warrant liabilities as of June 30, 2022, and the following table presents the changes in the warrant liabilities from the issuance date (in thousands):
 
 
  
Pre-Funded
Warrants
(Level 2)
    
Common
Warrants
 (Level 3)
    
Total Warrant
 Liabilities
  
Fair value at January 1, 2022
  
$
-
    
$
-
    
$
-
  
Fair value at March 9, 2022 (issuance date)
    
2,646
      
9,943
      
12,589
  
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities
    
(1,944
)
    
(8,121
)
    
(10,065
)
Fair value at June 30, 2022
  
$
702
    
$
1,822
    
$
2,524
  
 
5)
LEASES

 

The Company has operating leases for office and laboratory space in the borough of Manhattan in New York, New York and in Cambridge, Massachusetts, which expire in 2026 and 2028, respectively. On March 31, 2022, the Company entered into the Torrey Pines Science Center Lease in San Diego, California (the “San Diego Lease”) with Torrey Pines Science Center Limited Partnership for approximately 5,200 square feet of lab and office space. The term of the San Diego Lease is 62 months and the lease commencement date was April 19, 2022. The San Diego Lease will expire in June 2027.



Base rent for the San Diego Lease is $6.35 per square foot in the first year of the San Diego Lease, with a rent abatement for the second and third full months of the first year. The base rent will increase by approximately 3% on each anniversary of the lease commencement date. The Company is also required to pay its share of operating expenses and property taxes. The San Diego Lease provides for a one-time option to extend the lease term for an additional five years at the then fair rental value. The Company recorded a $1.7 million right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and $1.7 million lease liabilities for the San Diego Lease.

During the second quarter of 2022, the Company made the decision to consolidate its research and development efforts in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and the Company intends to sublease the San Diego lab and office space.  As a result, the Company recognized an impairment charge of approximately $0.8 million on the San Diego Lease ROU asset.


On March 5, 2022, the Company entered into an Agreement to Assign Space Lease with Regen Lab USA LLC (“Regen”) pursuant to which the Company agreed to assign its Brooklyn, New York lease (the “Brooklyn Lease”) to Regen. The effective date of the assignment was contingent upon, among other things, a consent from BioBat, Inc. (the “Landlord”) to assign the Brooklyn Lease.  Additionally, Regen agreed to purchase certain equipment from the Company for $50,000, partly reimburse the Company $50,000 toward certain existing unamortized leasehold improvements, and to reimburse the Company for the existing security deposit the Company had under the Brooklyn Lease of approximately $63,000.



On March 25, 2022, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption of Lease Agreement (the “Assignment Agreement”) with Regen, the consent of which was provided by the Landlord in the Assignment Agreement. The effective date of the assignment was March 28, 2022.  Under the Assignment Agreement, Regen (i) accepts the assignment of the Brooklyn Lease; (ii) assumes all of the obligations, liabilities, covenants and conditions of the Company’s as tenant under the Brooklyn Lease; (iii) assumes and agrees to perform and observe all of the obligations, terms, requirements, covenants and conditions to be performed or observed by the Company under the Brooklyn Lease; and (iv) makes all of the representations and warranties binding under the Brooklyn Lease with the same force and effect as if Regens had executed the Brooklyn Lease originally as the tenant.



Notwithstanding the above assumptions by Regen, the Company shall be and remain liable and responsible for the due keeping, and full performance and observance, of all the provisions of the Brooklyn Lease on the part of the tenant to be kept, performed and observed.  As a result of the Assignment Agreement, the Company wrote off the remaining ROU asset balance and the corresponding lease liability.


12

The Company accounts for leases under ASC 842, Leases. Operating leases are included in “Right-of use assets - operating leases” within the Company’s balance sheets and represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term. The Company’s related obligation to make lease payments are included in “Operating lease liabilities, non-current” and “Operating lease liabilities, current” within the Company’s balance sheets. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Because the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rates based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet and are recognized as lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.



Some leasing arrangements require variable payments that are dependent on usage or may vary for other reasons, such as payments for insurance, tax payments and other miscellaneous costs. The variable portion of lease payments is not included in the ROU assets or lease liabilities. Rather, variable payments, other than those dependent upon an index or rate, are expensed when the obligation for those payments is incurred and are included in lease expenses. Accordingly, all expenses associated with a lease contract are accounted for as lease expenses.



During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the net operating lease expenses were as follows (in thousands):


    Three months ended June 30,
  
   
2022
     2021
  
Operating lease expense
  
$
146
    
$
164
  
Sublease income
    
(21
)
    
(21
)
Variable lease expense
    
51
      
1
  
Total lease expense
  
$
176
    
$
144
  



    Six months ended June 30,  
    2022     2021
  
Operating lease expense
  
$
333
    
$
315
  
Sublease income
    
(42
)
    
(42
)
Variable lease expense
    
53
      
10
  
Total lease expense
  
$
344
    
$
283
  



The tables below show the beginning balances of the operating ROU assets and lease liabilities as of January 1, 2022 and the ending balances as of June 30, 2022, including the changes during the period (in thousands).


   
Operating Lease
ROU Assets
  
       
Operating lease ROU assets at January 1, 2022
  
$
2,567
  
Initial measurement of operating lease ROU assets     1,706  
Amortization of operating lease ROU assets
    
(186
)
Impairment of ROU assets     (772 )
Write off of ROU asset due to lease termination
    
(1,372
)
Operating lease ROU assets at June 30, 2022
  
$
1,943
  


   
Operating Lease
Liabilities
  
Operating lease liabilities at January 1, 2022
  
$
2,723
  
Initial measurement of operating lease liabilities     1,706  
Principal payments on operating lease liabilities
    
(153
)
Write off of operating lease liability due to lease termination
    
(1,453
)
Operating lease liabilities at June 30, 2022
    
2,823
  
Less non-current portion
    
2,433
  
Current portion at June 30, 2022
  
$
390
  

As of June 30, 2022, the Company’s operating leases had a weighted-average remaining life of 5.2 years with a weighted-average discount rate of 8.97%.  The maturities of the operating lease liabilities are as follows (in thousands):


   
As of
June 30, 2022
  
2022
  
$
299
  
2023
    
673
  
2024
    
688
  
2025
    
703
  
2026
    
708
  
Thereafter
    
470
  
Total payments  
3,541
  
Less imputed interest     (718 )
Total operating lease liabilities   $ 2,823  

6)
IN-PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT AND GOODWILL
 

In 2018, the Company acquired IRX Therapeutics (“IRX”), which was accounted for as a business combination. The Company recorded IPR&D in the amount of $6.0 million, which represents the fair value assigned to technologies that were acquired in connection with the IRX acquisition and which have not reached technological feasibility and have no alternative future use. IPR&D assets acquired in a business combination are considered to be indefinite lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. If and when development is complete, which generally occurs upon regulatory approval, and the Company is able to commercialize products associated with the IPR&D assets, these assets are then deemed definite-lived and are amortized based on their estimated useful lives beginning at that point in time. If development is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have a full or partial impairment charge related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of carrying value of the IPR&D assets over fair value


The Company also recorded goodwill in the amount of $2.0 million related to the IRX acquisition. Goodwill and indefinite-lived IPR&D assets are not amortized but are tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if the Company becomes aware of any events occurring or changes in circumstances that indicate that the fair value of the entity is less than its carrying values.


As of June 30, 2022, the Company performed a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the entity is less than its carrying value. Such qualitative factors include macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, overall financial performance and other relevant events.



In June 2022, the Company received results from the INSPIRE phase 2 trial of IRX-2, a multi-cytokine biologic immunotherapy, in patients with newly diagnosed stage II, III or IVA squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. The IRX-2 multi-cytokine biologic immunotherapy represents substantially all the fair value assigned to the technologies of IRX that the Company acquired. Despite outcomes that favored IRX-2 in certain predefined subgroups, the INSPIRE trial did not meet the primary endpoint of Event-Free Survival (at two years of follow up. Significant additional clinical development work would be required to advance IRX-2 in the form of additional Phase 2 and 3 studies to further evaluate the treatment effect of IRX-2 in patient subgroups and in combination with checkpoint inhibitor therapies.  The INSPIRE trial is the only Company-sponsored study of IRX-2.  IRX-2 has been studied externally in other clinical settings outside of head and neck cancer in the form of investigator sponsored trials, which have either ended or are not currently active. Based on the totality of available information, the Company currently does not have plans to further develop the IRX-2 product candidate. As such, the Company determined that the carrying value of the IPR&D asset was impaired and recognized a non-cash impairment charge of approximately $6.0 million on the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, which reduced the value of the asset to zero.

14

The Company also determined that there were qualitative indications of a goodwill impairment, namely the Company’s stock price declined from $2.05 per share as of March 31, 2022 to $0.52 per share as of June 30, 2022.  Accordingly, the Company proceeded to the first step in the quantitative assessment of impairment and determined that the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded the carrying amount of the reporting unit, and therefore, the goodwill was not impaired as of June 30, 2022.
 
7)
CEO SEPARATION AGREEMENT



On May 24, 2022, Dr. Howard J. Federoff resigned as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and President effective May 26, 2022.  In connection with Dr. Federoff’s resignation, the Company entered into a Separation Agreement and General Release with Dr. Federoff (the “Separation Agreement”), pursuant to which Dr. Federoff resigned from his positions as Chief Executive Officer and as an officer, director and employee of the Company and all subsidiaries.  Dr. Federoff’s resignation from the Board was not due to any disagreement with the Company on any matter relating to the Company’s operations, policies or practices. In consideration for Dr. Federoff’s execution of the Separation Agreement and non-revocation of a waiver and release of claims relating thereto, Dr. Federoff will receive following benefits under the Separation Agreement:



 •
a lump sum cash severance benefit in the amount of $0.2 million, representing Dr. Federoff’s target bonus for 2022;

 

 •
payment of Dr. Federoff’s annual base salary for a period of twelve months after the expiration of the applicable revocation period (the “Separation Period”), for a total gross amount equal to $0.5 million;

 

 •
payment of Dr. Federoff’s premiums for continued health benefits provided under COBRA for the Separation Period;

 

 •
full acceleration of the vesting of all outstanding options (with the exception of the Milestone Grant (as defined below) options) that would have vested during the Separation Period, and such options, together with outstanding options that vested prior to the separation date, representing collectively approximately 1,523,000 shares of common stock, may be exercised for a period of thirty-six months after the separation date.  (See Note 10 for modification accounting impact);

 

 •
acceleration and vesting of 25/36th of the Milestone Grant options, representing collectively approximately 415,000 shares of common stock, may be exercised for a period of thirty-six months after the separation date.  (See Note 10 for modification accounting impact); and

 

 •
a lump sum cash severance benefit in the amount of $0.1 million, representing the value Dr. Federoff would have received if he was entitled to receive a settlement of a pro rata portion of his performance restricted stock units through the expiration of the Separation Period, assuming the performance metrics were waived and assuming a per share value of $0.81.



The Separation Agreement also includes certain other customary representations, warranties and covenants of Dr. Federoff, and provides for reimbursement of certain expenses incurred by Dr Federoff. The Separation Agreement supersedes all other agreements or arrangements between Dr. Federoff and the Company regarding the subject matter of the agreement, including those with respect to severance payments and benefits.

15
8)
ACCRUED EXPENSES
 

Accrued expenses consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
   
June 30,
2022
    
December 31,
2021
  
Accrued compensation
  
$
1,613
    
$
656
  
Accrued research and development expenses
    
388
      
222
  
Accrued general and administrative expenses
    
1,820
      
371
  
Total accrued expenses
  
$
3,821
    
$
1,249
  


Accrued compensation includes $1.0 million of severance, of which, approximately $0.5 million relates to severance for Dr. Federoff pursuant to the Separation Agreement discussed above. Accrued general and administration expenses includes $1.2 million for legal-related matters.
 
9)
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
 

Legal Matters

 

The Company is involved in litigation and arbitrations from time to time in the ordinary course of business. Legal fees and other costs associated with such actions are expensed as incurred. In addition, the Company assesses the need to record a liability for litigation and contingencies. The Company reserves for costs relating to these matters when a loss is probable, and the amount can be reasonably estimated.


Dhesh Govender v. Brooklyn Immunotherapeutics, LLC, et al., Index No. 650847/2021 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. N.Y. Cty. 2021)


On or about February 5, 2021, Dhesh Govender, a former short-term consultant of Brooklyn LLC, filed a complaint against Brooklyn LLC and certain individuals that plaintiff alleges were directors of Brooklyn LLC. The complaint is captioned, Dhesh Govender v. Brooklyn Immunotherapeutics, LLC, et al., Index No. 650847/2021 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. N.Y. Cty. 2021). Plaintiff alleges that Brooklyn LLC and certain of its officers and directors (“defendants”) engaged in unlawful and discriminatory conduct based on race, national origin and hostile work environment. Plaintiff also asserts various breach of contract, fraud and quantum meruit claims based on an alleged oral agreement pursuant to which he alleges Brooklyn LLC agreed to hire him as an executive once the Merger was completed. In particular, plaintiff alleges that, in exchange for transferring an opportunity to obtain an agreement to acquire a license from Novellus for its mRNA-based gene editing and cell reprogramming technology to Brooklyn LLC, he was promised a $0.5 million salary and 7% of the equity of Brooklyn LLC. Based on these and other allegations, plaintiff seeks damages of not less than $10 million. By Order dated November 10, 2021, the Court granted defendants’ motion to compel Govender to arbitrate all of his claims against them, based on the arbitration clause of his consulting agreement with Brooklyn LLC.  Govender thereafter filed his Statement of Claim (the “Demand”) with the American Arbitration Association (“AAA”), Case No. 01-21-0017-9417, on December 15, 2021 against the same defendants, and served it on defendants’ counsel on February 3, 2022. In his Demand, Govender continues to assert statutory discrimination claims against all defendants, claims against Brooklyn LLC premised on the breach of an alleged oral promise to issue Govender 7% of the equity of Brooklyn LLC and to employ Govender at a $0.5 million annual salary in exchange for allegedly arranging and negotiating the Novellus license, common law fraud claims against Brooklyn LLC and Cherington based on the breach of these same promises and a claim for quantum meruit against the Brooklyn LLC. In his Demand, Govender now claims that the fair and reasonable value of his services on the quantum meruit claim exceeded $100 million and is seeking damages in an amount to be determined at the hearing. Defendants filed an answering statement to the Demand on February 28, 2022 and the parties have selected a three-member arbitration panel. The arbitration is scheduled to begin December 5, 2022. Defendants intend to vigorously defend themselves against these claims. At this stage in the litigation, the Company is not able to predict the probability of a favorable or unfavorable outcome.


Emerald Private Equity Fund, LLC Matter


By a letter dated July 7, 2021, Emerald Private Equity Fund, LLC (“Emerald”), a stockholder of Brooklyn, made a demand pursuant to 8 Del. C. 220 to inspect certain books and records of Brooklyn. The stated purpose of the demand was to investigate possible wrongdoing by persons responsible for the implementation of the Merger and the issuance of paper stock certificates, including investigating whether: (i) Brooklyn’s stock certificates were issued in accordance with the Merger Agreement; (ii) certain restrictions on the sale of Brooklyn common stock following the Merger were proper and applied without favor; (iii) anyone received priority in post-Merger issuances of Brooklyn’s stock certificates that allowed them to benefit from an increase in the trading price of Brooklyn’s common stock; and (iv) it should pursue remedial measures and/or report alleged misconduct to the SEC. Brooklyn responded to the demand letter and produced certain information to Emerald in connection with the demand, which is subject to the terms of a confidentiality agreement entered into among the parties, including certain additional stockholders who subsequently joined as parties to such agreement. In October 2021, Emerald requested that Brooklyn produce additional information related to the authority, purpose and justification for the restriction imposed on the sale of Brooklyn common stock following the Merger and the timing of share delivery to Brooklyn stockholders, following which request Brooklyn agreed to produce certain additional information and emails relating to these topics.


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On March 30, 2022, counsel to Emerald advised the Company that it was prepared to file suit against the Company, certain current and former directors of the Company, and the Company’s financial advisor in connection with the Merger, on behalf of Emerald and a class of similarly situated stockholders with respect to some or all of the foregoing matters, alleging claims for breach of fiduciary duty, conversion and aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty. Emerald’s counsel expressed a willingness to engage in private pre-suit early resolution discussions with the Company and its financial advisor on behalf of individual stockholders whom counsel represents in addition to Emerald (collectively, the “Emerald Plaintiffs”); and the Company engaged in such discussions in lieu of incurring the legal costs anticipated in respect of litigating the Emerald Plaintiffs’ claims, all of which the Company disputes.  Following such discussions, with no admission of wrongdoing, the Company and the Emerald Plaintiffs entered into a confidential settlement agreement, pursuant to which the Company agreed to pay $1.2 million in full settlement of all of the Emerald Plaintiffs’ purported claims, including a release by the Emerald Plaintiffs in favor of the Company in respect of any and all such claims. The Company subsequently made such payment.


John Westman v. Novellus, Inc., Christopher Rohde, and Matthew Angel, Civil Action No. 2181CV01949 (Middlesex County (Massachusetts) Superior Court)


On or about September 7, 2021, John Westman, a former employee of Novellus, Inc. filed a Complaint in Middlesex County (Massachusetts) Superior Court against Novellus, Inc. and the company’s founders and former executives, Dr. Christopher Rohde and Dr. Matthew Angel (collectively, “Defendants”). The case includes allegations that Novellus, Inc. violated the Massachusetts Wage Act.. Brooklyn acquired Novellus, Inc. on July 16, 2021. Mr. Westman’s claims relate to alleged conduct that took place before Brooklyn acquired Novellus, Inc. Defense and liability in association with any Wage Act claims have been assumed by Dr. Rohde and Dr. Angel. On December 24, 2021, Westman dismissed the case without prejudice so the parties could mediate the matter. The parties’ February 2022 mediation was unsuccessful and the dispute is currently pending in arbitration.


Novellus, Inc. v. Sowyrda et al., C.A. No. 2184CV02436-BLS2


On October 25, 2021 Novellus, Inc. filed a complaint in the Superior Court of Massachusetts, Suffolk County, against former Novellus, Inc. employees Paul Sowyrda and John Westman and certain other former investors in Novellus LLC (Novellus, Inc.’s former parent company prior to the Company’s acquisition of Novellus, Inc.), alleging breach of fiduciary duty, breach of contract and civil conspiracy. Brooklyn acquired Novellus, Inc. on July 16, 2021. On May 27, 2022 Novellus, Inc. amended the complaint to withdraw all claims against all defendants except Paul Sowyrda and John Westman. On July 1, 2022, Westman filed a motion to compel arbitration or in the alternative, to stay the litigation pending the disposition of certain litigations in the Court of Chancery for the State of Delaware filed by Mr. Sowyrda against Novellus LLC, Dr. Christopher Rohde, Dr. Matthew Angel, Leonard Mazur and Factor Bioscience, Inc. captioned Zelickson et al., v. Angel et al., C.A. 2021-1014-JRS and by Westman against Novellus LLC captioned Westman v. Novellus LLC, C.A. No. 2021-0882-NAC (the “Delaware Actions”). On July 1, 2022, Sowyrda answered the complaint and asserted counterclaims against Novellus, Inc, and third-party defendants Dr. Matthew Angel and Dr. Christopher Rohde alleging violations of the Massachusetts Wage Act, Massachusetts Minimum Fair Wage Law, the Fair Labor Standards Act, breach of contract, unjust enrichment and quantum meruit. Sowyrda also joined in Westman’s motion to stay the case pending the Delaware Actions. Novellus, Inc.’s claims and Mr. Sowyrda’s counterclaims relate to alleged conduct that took place before Brooklyn acquired Novellus, Inc. Defense and liability in association with any Wage Act claims have been assumed by Dr. Rohde and Dr. Angel. The Company believes that the plaintiffs’ claims in the foregoing matters are without merit, and the Company intends to defend against them vigorously.

Under applicable Delaware law and Novellus Inc.’s organizational documents, the Company may be required to advance or reimburse certain legal expenses incurred by former officers and directors of Novellus, Inc. in connection with the foregoing Westman and Sowyrda matters.

17

Licensing Agreements

 

USF

 

Brooklyn LLC has license agreements with University of South Florida Research Association, Inc. (“USF”), granting Brooklyn LLC the right to sell, market, and distribute IRX-2, subject to a 7% royalty payable to USF based on a percentage of gross product sales. Under the license agreement with USF, Brooklyn LLC is obligated to repay patent prosecution expenses incurred by USF. To date, Brooklyn LLC has not recorded any product sales, or obligations related to USF patent prosecution expenses. The license agreement terminates upon the expiration of the IRX-2 patents.

 

Novellus, Ltd. and Factor

 

In December 2020, Brooklyn LLC entered into option agreements (the “Option Agreements”) with Novellus, Ltd. and Factor (together, the “Licensors”) to obtain the right to exclusively license the Licensors’ intellectual property and mRNA cell reprogramming and gene editing technology for use in the development of certain cell-based therapies to be evaluated and developed for treating human diseases, including certain types of cancer, sickle cell disease, and beta thalassemia (the “Licensed Technology”). The option was exercisable before February 28, 2021 (or April 30, 2021 if the Merger had not closed by that date) and required Brooklyn LLC to pay a non-refundable option fee of $0.5 million and then an initial license fee of $4.0 million (including the non-refundable fee of $0.5 million) in order to exercise the option.


In April 2021, Brooklyn LLC and the Licensors amended the Option Agreements to extend the exercise period to May 21, 2021 and to require Brooklyn, LLC to pay a total $1.0 million of the $4.0 million initial license fees to the Licensors by April 15, 2021.


In April 2021, Brooklyn LLC and the Licensors entered into an exclusive license agreement (the “License Agreement”) pursuant to which Brooklyn LLC acquired an exclusive worldwide license to the Licensed Technology for use in the development of certain mRNA, gene-editing, and cellular therapies to be evaluated and developed for treating human diseases, including certain types of cancer, sickle cell disease, and beta thalassemia. Under the terms of the License Agreement, Brooklyn LLC is obligated to pay the Licensors a total of $4.0 million in connection with the execution of the License Agreement, all of which was paid as of June 2021.


The completion of the acquisition of Novellus, Ltd. relieved Brooklyn LLC from potential obligations to pay Novellus, Ltd. certain upfront fees, clinical development milestone fees and post-registration royalties under the License Agreement. The agreement with Factor under the License Agreement, which grants Brooklyn LLC exclusive rights to develop certain next-generation mRNA gene editing and cell therapy products, remained unchanged. Accordingly, Brooklyn LLC is obligated to pay to Factor a fee of $3.5 million in October 2022, which will be in addition to a fee of $2.5 million paid to Factor in October 2021.



Brooklyn LLC is also required to use commercially reasonably efforts to achieve certain delineated milestones, including specified clinical development and regulatory milestones and specified commercialization milestones. In general, upon its achievement of these milestones, Brooklyn LLC will be obligated to pay, in the case of development and regulatory milestones, milestone payments to the Licensors in specified amounts and, in the case of commercialization milestones, specified royalties with respect to product sales, sublicense fees or sales of pediatric review vouchers. In the event Brooklyn LLC fails to timely achieve certain delineated milestones, the Licensors will have the right to terminate Brooklyn LLC’s rights under provisions of the License Agreement relating to those milestones.

 

Novellus, Ltd. also has a license agreement with Factor, which was entered into in February 2015, amended in June 2018 and March 2020, and then amended and restated in November 2020. This license agreement provides for Novellus, Ltd. to use certain technology owned by Factor for the development of certain cellular therapies to be evaluation and developed for treating diseases.

 
18

Novellus, Ltd. is required to use commercially reasonably efforts to achieve certain delineated milestones, including specified clinical development and regulatory milestones and specified commercialization milestones. In general, upon its achievement of these milestones, Novellus, Ltd. will be obligated, in the case of development and regulatory milestones, to make milestone payments of up to $51.0 million in aggregate to Factor and, in the case of commercialization milestones, specified royalties with respect to product sales, sublicense fees or sales of pediatric review vouchers. In the event Novellus, Ltd. fails to timely achieve certain delineated milestones, Factor may have the right to terminate Novellus, Ltd.’s rights under provisions of the License Agreement relating to those milestones.

 

NoveCite


In October 2020, Novellus, Ltd. (as sublicensor) and NoveCite (as sublicensee) entered into an exclusive license agreement (the “Sublicense”) to license novel cellular therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome, which NoveCite is licensing from Factor. Under the sublicense agreement, NoveCite is required to use commercially reasonably efforts to achieve certain delineated milestones, including specified clinical development and regulatory milestones and specified commercialization milestones. In general, upon its achievement of these milestones, NoveCite will be obligated, in the case of development and regulatory milestones, to make milestone payments to the Novellus, Ltd. in specified amounts and, in the case of commercialization milestones, specified royalties with respect to product sales, sublicense fees or sales of pediatric review vouchers.


Under the terms of the Sublicense, in the event that Novellus, Ltd. receives any revenue involving the original cell line included in the licensed technology, then Novellus, Ltd. shall remit to NoveCite 50% of such revenue.


Royalty Agreements

 

Collaborator Royalty Agreement

 

Effective June 22, 2018, IRX terminated its Research, Development and Option Facilitation Agreement and its Options Agreement (the “RDO and Options Agreements”) with a collaborative partner (the “Collaborator”), pursuant to a termination agreement (the “Termination Agreement”). The Termination Agreement was assigned to Brooklyn, LLC in November 2018 when Brooklyn LLC acquired the assets of IRX. In connection with the Termination Agreement, all of the rights granted to the Collaborator under the RDO and Options Agreements were terminated, and Brooklyn LLC has no obligation to refund any payments received from the Collaborator. As consideration for entering into the Termination Agreement, the Collaborator will receive a royalty equal to 6% of revenues from the sale of IRX-2, for the period of time beginning with the first sale of IRX-2 through the later of (i) the twelfth anniversary of the first sale of IRX-2 or (ii) the expiration of the last IRX patent, or other exclusivity of IRX-2.


Royalty Agreement with certain former IRX Therapeutics Investors



On May 1, 2012, IRX Therapeutics entered into a royalty agreement (the “IRX Investor Royalty Agreement”) with certain investors who participated in a financing transaction. The IRX Investor Royalty Agreement was assigned to Brooklyn LLC in November 2018 when Brooklyn LLC acquired the assets of IRX. Pursuant to the IRX Investor Royalty Agreement, when Brooklyn LLC becomes obligated to pay royalties to USF under the agreement described above under “Licensing Agreements-USF,” it will pay an additional royalty of 1% of gross sales to an entity organized by the investors who participated in such financing transaction. There are no termination provisions in the IRX Investor Royalty Agreement. Brooklyn LLC has not recognized any revenues to date, and no royalties are due pursuant to any of the above-mentioned royalty agreements.


Investor Royalty Agreement

 

On March 22, 2021, Brooklyn LLC restated its royalty agreement with certain beneficial holders of Brooklyn ImmunoTherapeutics Investors GP LLC and Brooklyn ImmunoTherapeutics Investors LP, whereby such beneficial holders will continue to receive, on an annual basis, royalties in an aggregate amount equal to 4% of the net revenues of IRX-2, a cytokine-based therapy being developed by Brooklyn LLC to treat patients with cancer.

19

10)
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
 

Stock Options

 

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company granted the following stock options (in thousands):


 
  
Three months ended June 30,
    
Six months ended June 30,
  
 
  
2022
    
2021
    
2022
    
2021
  
Stock options granted
    
723
      
3,366
      
1,981
      
3,366
  



The following weighted-average assumptions were used for stock options granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:


    Three months ended June 30,  
 
  
2022
    
2021
  
Weighted average risk-free rate
    
2.74%

   
1.06%

Weighted average volatility
    
92.74%

   
134.30%

Dividend yield
    
0%
   
0%

Expected term
  
4.15 years
    
6.08 years
  


   
Six months ended June 30,
  
   
2022
    
2021
  
Weighted average risk-free rate
    
2.42%

   
1.06%

Weighted average volatility
    
92.85%

   
134.30%

Dividend yield
    
0%

   
0%

Expected term
  
4.79 years
    
6.08 years
  



Of the 1,981,000 stock options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2022, approximately 414,000 stock options were granted in March 2022 to Dr. Howard J. Federoff, who served as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and President until May 26, 2022 (the “March 2022 Stock Option Grant”).  The March 2022 Stock Option Grant vests in 36 substantially equal monthly installments from the grant date and had an exercise price equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date.



Of the 3,366,000 stock options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2021, approximately 3,225,000 stock options were granted to Dr. Federoff upon his appointment as Chief Executive Officer and President in April 2021. 2,628,000 stock options were under a time-based grant (the “Time-Based Grant”) and 597,000 were under a performance-based grant (the “Milestone Grant”).  The Time-Based Grant vests over four years, with 25% vesting on the one-year anniversary of the grant date and the remaining options vesting in 36 substantially equal monthly installments thereafter.  The Milestone Grant vests upon the first concurrence by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration that a proposed investigation may proceed following review of a Company filed investigational new drug application in connection with that the License Agreement. Both the Time-Based Grant and the Milestone Grant had an exercise price equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date.



Vesting of all stock options grants is subject to continuous service with the Company through such vesting dates.



As discussed above, pursuant to the Separation Agreement that the Company entered into with Dr. Federoff, the Company accelerated the vesting of approximately 138,000 stock options under the March 2022 Stock Option Grant and approximately 657,000 stock options under the Time-Based Grant.  The Company also waived the performance condition under the Milestone Grant and accelerated the vesting of approximately 415,000 stock options under the Milestone Grant.  Lastly, the Company extended the post-termination exercise period from 90 days to 36 months immediately following the Separation Date for all options that were vested after such accelerations.


20

The above modifications to Dr. Federoff’s stock options grants resulted in modification accounting under ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation. As a result, the Company immediately recognized approximately $0.1 million for the incremental fair value of stock options that were vested prior to the modification by calculating the difference between the fair value of the modified award and the fair value of the original award immediately before it was modified.  For stock options that were not vested prior to the modification but then vested as a result of the acceleration, the Company reversed any stock compensation expense previously recognized, remeasured the fair value of the modified award and immediately recognized approximately $0.1 million of stock compensation expense in full since there was no future service period required to be provided.



During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, there were 1,300 options exercised for total cash proceeds of $10,202.  The options exercised had a total intrinsic value of $57,212.  There were no options exercised during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022.

 

As of June 30, 2022, there were approximately 3,750,000 stock options outstanding.

 

Restricted Stock Units

 

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company granted the following restricted stock units (“RSUs”) (in thousands):


 
  
Three months ended June 30,
    
Six months ended June 30,
  
 
  
2022
    
2021
    
2022
    
2021
  
RSUs Granted
    
-
      
105
      
1,101
      
105
  



The Company recognizes the fair value of RSUs granted as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. For performance based RSUs, the Company begins recognizing the expense once the achievement of the related performance goal is determined to be probable.

 

Outstanding RSUs are settled in an equal number of shares of common stock on the vesting date of the award. An RSU award is settled only to the extent vested. Vesting generally requires the continued employment or service by the award recipient through the respective vesting date. Because RSUs are settled in an equal number of shares of common stock without any offsetting payment by the recipient, the measurement of cost is based on the quoted market price of the stock at the measurement date, which is the grant date.



In lieu of paying cash to satisfy withholding taxes due upon the settlement of vested RSUs, at the Company’s discretion, an employee may elect to have shares of common stock withheld that would otherwise be issued at settlement, the value of which is equal to the amount of withholding taxes payable.  The following table shows the number of RSUs that vested and were settled during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as well as the number of shares of common stock withheld to cover the withholding taxes and the net shares issued upon settlement (in thousands):


 
  
Three months ended
    
Six months ended
  
 
  
June 30, 2022
    
June 30, 2022
  
RSUs vested
    
26
      
35
  
Common stock withheld to cover taxes
    
(9
)
    
(9
)
Common stock issued
    
17
      
26
  



The 1,101,000 RSUs granted during the six months ended June 30, 2022 are performance-based RSUs (the “2022 PSUs”), of which approximately 414,000 were awarded to Dr. Federoff.  The 2022 PSUs are subject to the achievement of four performance goals, which are weighted equally.  Once a performance goal is achieved, the tranche of shares allocated to that performance goal will be earned and will begin to vest over a three-year annual basis beginning on the date the performance goal was achieved.  If a performance goal is not achieved, the tranche of shares allocated to that performance goal will be unearned and forfeited.  As of June 30, 2022, one of the performance goals was not achieved by its due date, and as a result, approximately 275,000 2022 PSUs were cancelled and any previously recognized stock compensation expense was reversed.

 
21

Pursuant to Dr. Federoff’s Separation Agreement, Dr. Federoff’s 414,000 2022 PSUs were canceled in full (a portion of which included the PSUs allocated to the performance goal that was not achieved timely), and a lump sum cash severance benefit in the amount of $0.1 million was paid to Dr. Federoff, which represents the value Dr. Federoff would have received if he were entitled to receive a settlement of a pro rata portion of his 2022 PSUs through the expiration of the Separation Period, assuming the performance metrics were waived and assuming a per share value of $0.81. Any stock compensation expense previously recognized on Dr. Federoff’s 2022 PSUs was reversed and approximately $0.1 million was recognized as compensation expense.

 

As of June 30, 2022, there were approximately 587,000 RSUs outstanding.


Restricted Stock

 

Pursuant to the Merger, Brooklyn LLC’s approximately 3,000 outstanding restricted common units were exchanged for approximately 630,000 shares of Brooklyn’s restricted common stock. There were no changes to any conditions and requirements of the restricted common stock. The shares vested quarterly beginning on March 31, 2021 and were to continue through December 31, 2022, contingent on continued service. Due to the modification of the restricted common units, the fair value of the restricted common stock immediately after the Merger was compared to the fair value of the restricted common units immediately prior to the Merger, and the change in fair value of $0.3 million was recognized in the statement of operations during the six months ended June 30, 2021. The Company recognizes the fair value of restricted common stock as an expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.  During the six months ended June 30, 2022, approximately 78,000 shares of unvested restricted common stock were forfeited due to the holders of such shares no longer providing services to the Company.  As of June 30, 2022, there were no shares of unvested restricted stock outstanding.



Stock-Based Compensation Expense

 

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense as follows, which includes the expense related to Dr. Federoff’s modified awards discussed above (in thousands):


 
  
Three months ended June 30,
    
Six months ended June 30,
  
 
  
2022
    
2021
    
2022
    
2021
  
Research and development
  
$
470
    
$
168
    
$
892
    
$
570
  
General and administrative
    
409
      
986
      
1,170
      
1,003
  
Total
  
$
879
    
$
1,154
    
$
2,062
    
$
1,573
  
 
11)
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY



Private Placement of Equity


On March 6, 2022, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with an investor (the “PIPE Investor”) providing for the private placement (the “PIPE Transaction”) to the PIPE Investor of approximately 6,857,000 units (collectively, the “Units”), each Unit consisting of (i) one share of the Company’s common stock (or, in lieu thereof, one Pre-Funded Warrant to purchase one share of common stock) and (ii) one warrant (the “Common Warrants”) to purchase one share of common stock, for an aggregate gross purchase price of approximately $12.0 million (the “Subscription Amount”). The PIPE Transaction closed on March 9, 2022. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company is prohibited from issuing equity in variable rate transactions for a period of one-year following consummation of the PIPE Transaction, including issuing equity under the Second Purchase Agreement.

   
22

Each Pre-Funded Warrant has an exercise price of $0.005 per share of common stock, was immediately exercisable, may be exercised at any time, has no expiration date and is subject to customary adjustments. The Pre-Funded Warrants may not be exercised if the aggregate number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by the holder thereof would exceed 9.99% immediately after exercise thereof. Upon the closing of the PIPE Transaction, the Company issued 5,500,000 shares of common stock and issued Pre-Funded Warrants representing approximately 1,357,000 shares of common stock.

   

Each Common Warrant has an exercise price of $1.91 per share, becomes exercisable six months following the closing of the PIPE Transaction, expires five-and-one-half years from the date of issuance and is subject to customary adjustments. The Common Warrants may not be exercised if the aggregate number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by the holder thereof would exceed 4.99% immediately after exercise thereof, subject to increase to 9.99% at the option of the holder.
 

As of June 30, 2022, the Company had 6,857,000 Common Warrants outstanding with a weighted average exercise price of $1.91 per share and a weighted average contractual life of 5.2 years. As of June 30, 2022, the Company had 1,357,000 Pre-Funded Warrants outstanding with a weighted average exercise price of $0.005 per share. The Pre-Funded Warrants do not expire.

 

The Common Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants were accounted for as liabilities under ASC 815-40, as these warrants provide for a cashless settlement provision that does not meet the requirements of the indexation guidance under ASC 815-40. These warrant liabilities are measured at fair value at inception and on a recurring basis, with changes in fair value presented within the statement of operations.

 

The fair values of the Common Warrants and the Pre-Funded Warrants at the issuance date totaled $12.6 million in the aggregate, which was $0.6 million more than the Subscription Amount. The excess $0.6 million represents an inducement to the PIPE Investor to enter into the PIPE Transaction and was recorded in warrant liabilities expense in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. Given the Company’s capital requirements and market conditions, the Company consummated this financing on market terms available at the time of the transaction.


The Company incurred fees of approximately $1.0 million through June 30, 2022 related to the PIPE Transaction, which were allocated to the fair value of the Common Warrants and the Pre-Funded Warrants and recorded in other expense, net on the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations.


In connection with the PIPE Transaction, the Company and the PIPE Investor also entered into a registration rights agreement, dated March 6, 2022, pursuant to which the Company agreed to prepare and file a registration statement with the SEC no later than 15 days following the filing date of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (the “2021 Annual Report”) to register the resale of the shares of common stock included in the Units and the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Common Warrants. The Company agreed to use its best efforts to have such registration statement declared effective as promptly as possible after the filing thereof, subject to certain specified penalties if timely effectiveness is not achieved. The Company filed the 2021 Annual Report on April 15, 2022 and the registration statement on April 29, 2022. The resale registration statement became effective on May 11, 2022.


Pursuant to the registration rights agreement, the Company is obligated to pay the PIPE Investor liquidated damages equal to 2% of the Subscription Amount per month, with a maximum aggregate payment of 12% of the Subscription Amount, in the event the PIPE Investor is not permitted to use the registration statement to resell the securities registered for resale thereunder for more than 10 consecutive calendar days or more than an aggregate of fifteen calendar days (which need not be consecutive calendar days) during any 12-month period.


On May 24, 2022, the Company provided the PIPE Investor with notice that it was not able to resell the securities registered for resale under the registration agreement because the Company had not timely filed its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the “Q1 2022 10-Q”) with the SEC, and that the PIPE Investor could not use the registration statement to resell the related securities until the Company filed the Q1 2022 10-Q.  Because the PIPE Investor was unable to use the registration statement for at least 10 consecutive calendar days, the Company accrued $0.2 million during the first quarter of 2022 for the contingent loss the Company incurred as liquidated damages as a result of the late Q1 2022 10Q filing, which is recorded in other expense, net for the six months ended June 30, 2022 in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.  The Company paid such $0.2 million liquidated damages payment in June 2022.


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On June 30, 2022, the Company filed its Q1 2022 10-Q along with the 10-K/A, and on July 1, 2022, the Company provided its notice to the PIPE Investor that it may resume use of the resale registration statement.

 

Merger



Under the terms of the Merger Agreement (see Note 3), on March 25, 2021, Brooklyn issued shares of common stock to the equity holders of Brooklyn LLC. The 87,000 Class A units of Brooklyn LLC were converted into approximately 22,275,000 shares of common stock; the 15,000,000 Class B units were converted into approximately 2,515,000 shares of common stock; the 10,000,000 Class C units were converted into approximately 1,676,000 shares of common stock; approximately 630,000 shares of common units were converted into approximately 630,000 shares of common stock, and 10,500,000 rights options were converted into approximately 11,828,000 shares of common stock. Brooklyn also issued approximately 1,068,000 shares of common stock to the Financial Advisor pursuant to the Merger Agreement.

12)
EARNINGS PER SHARE


Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period including the weighted average effect of the Pre-Funded Warrants the Company issued in connection with the PIPE Transaction, the exercise of which requires little or no consideration for the delivery of shares of common stock. The Company determined that the exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants requires nominal consideration for the delivery of shares of common stock, and as such, has considered the 1,357,000 shares underlying the Pre-Funded Warrants to be outstanding effective on March 9, 2022 for the purposes of calculating basic EPS. Diluted net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (including the weighted average effect of the Pre-Funded Warrants) plus dilutive securities. Stock options, RSUs, warrants and other convertible securities are considered potential common shares and are included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share using the treasury method when their effect is dilutive. Diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share in periods where the effect of potentially dilutive shares of common stock are antidilutive. The following table presents the amount of stock options, RSUs, warrants and convertible preferred stock that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per common share for three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, as their effect was anti-dilutive:

   
Three and Six months ended June 30,
  
   
2022
    
2021
  
Stock options
    
3,750
      
3,366
  
RSUs
    
587
      
105
  
Warrants
    
6,857
      
-
  
Preferred stock converted into common stock
    
50
      
42
  
Total potential common shares excluded from computation
    
11,244
      
3,513
  

13)
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
 

In June 2022, the Financial Accounting Standard Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions (“ASU 2022-03”). The FASB issued ASU 2022-03 to (1) clarify the guidance in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, when measuring the fair value of an equity security subject to contractual restrictions that prohibit the sale of an equity security, (2) to amend a related illustrative example, and (3) to introduce new disclosure requirements for equity related securities subject to contractual sale restrictions that are measured at fair value in accordance with Topic 820. ASU 2022-03 clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating when to adopt the amendments in ASU 2022-02. The Company does not expect a material impact as a result of adopting this amendment.

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14)
SUBSEQUENT EVENT
 

On July 12, 2022, the PIPE Investor exercised its 1,357,000 Pre-Funded Warrants at an exercise price of $0.005 per share for an aggregate exercise price of $6,786, in cash.  The Company issued 1,357,000 shares of common stock to the PIPE Investor on July 14, 2022 upon receipt of the cash proceeds. Subsequent to the exercise,  no Pre-Funded Warrants remained outstanding.
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Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

You should read this discussion together with the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements, related notes, and other financial information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q together with our audited consolidated financial statements, related notes, and other information contained in the Form 10-K/A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on June 30, 2022 (the “10-K/A”), as well as the information contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (the “Original 10-K”), filed with the SEC on April 15, 2022, to the extent the information contained in the Original 10-K was not superseded by the information contained in the 10-K/A. The following discussion contains assumptions, estimates and other forward-looking statements that involve a number of risks and uncertainties, including those discussed under “Risk Factors,” in Part I, Item 1A of the 10-K/A and as described from time to time in our other filings with the SEC. These risks could cause our actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are a biopharmaceutical company utilizing our mRNA technology platform, including mRNA-based cell reprogramming and gene editing technologies, to create next generation mRNA, gene-editing and cell therapies, including iPSC therapies for multiple therapeutic indications.  Our mRNA technology platform, which includes novel lipid nanoparticles (“LNPs”) for mRNA delivery and targeted transgene insertion, was acquired through a license with Factor Bioscience Limited, or Factor, and through our acquisition of Novellus, Inc. and Novellus, Ltd. in July 2021, which we refer to as the Acquisition.

Merger with NTN Buzztime, Inc.

On March 25, 2021, we completed the Merger with NTN Buzztime, Inc. In accordance with the Merger Agreement, on March 25, 2021, Brooklyn amended its restated certificate of incorporation in order to effect:

•           prior to the Merger, a reverse stock split of its common stock, par value $0.005 per share, at a ratio of one-for-two; and
•           following the Merger, a change in its corporate name from “NTN Buzztime, Inc.” to “Brooklyn ImmunoTherapeutics, Inc.”

On March 26, 2021, we sold the rights, title and interest in and to the assets relating to the business operated under the name “NTN Buzztime, Inc.” prior to the Merger to eGames.com Holdings LLC, or eGames.com, in exchange for eGames.com’s payment of a purchase price of $2.0 million and assumption of specified liabilities relating to such pre-Merger business. This transaction, which we refer to as the Disposition, was completed in accordance with the terms of an asset purchase agreement dated September 18, 2020, as amended, between us and eGames.com.

The Merger has been accounted for as a reverse acquisition in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. Under this method of accounting, Brooklyn LLC was deemed the “acquiring” company and Brooklyn (then known as NTN Buzztime, Inc.) was treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. Operations prior to the Merger are those of Brooklyn LLC, and the historical financial statements of Brooklyn LLC became the historical financial statements of Brooklyn with respect to periods prior to the completion of the Merger.

Acquisition of Novellus

On July 16, 2021, we acquired Novellus, Inc. and Novellus, Inc.’s wholly owned subsidiary, Novellus, Ltd. Brooklyn also acquired 25.0% of the total outstanding equity interests of NoveCite, Inc.  As consideration for the Acquisition, we paid $22.9 million in cash and delivered 7,022,000 shares of common stock, which under the terms of the Acquisition Agreement, were valued at a total of $102.0 million based on an agreed upon price of $14.5253 per share.  At the date of issuance, the fair value of the shares was approximately $58.7 million.

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mRNA, Gene-Editing, and Cellular Medicines

We are advancing the technology that we obtained through a license with Factor and through the Acquisition of Novellus, Inc. and Novellus, Ltd. in July 2021 to evaluate and develop mRNA, gene-editing, and cellular medicines, with an initial focus on hematologic and solid tumors. We expect that the first-generation product candidates will include gene-editing mRNA for in vivo cell engineering and induced pluripotent stem cell (“iPSC”)-derived cytotoxic lymphocytes (“iCLs”) and immune-modulating cells (“iIMCs”). We expect to begin preclinical development, including manufacturing process development, of iCLs and iIMCs for clinical indications including hematologic and solid tumors, as well as other indications that require overcoming molecular cues of the tissue microenvironment. The prior work of Novellus and NoveCite shows evidence for preclinical efficacy of iPSC-derived cells in inflammatory conditions (for example, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or ARDS). Interactions with the FDA provided guidance on Chemistry, Manufacturing and Controls (“CMC”), and manufacturing plans, which will be undertaken in a similar manner for additional applications. We expect that second generation products will involve more complex gene editing, for which we anticipate using the stepwise addition of genes provided by the in-licensed Factor Bioscience gene editing machinery, NoveSlice, to efficiently place genes and regulatory sequences into safe harbor locations. Development of processes to advance CMC and manufacturing will follow the experience from first generation products. We are also exploring opportunities to advance in vivo mRNA cell engineering therapies for hematologic and solid tumors by combining the NoveSlice gene editing technology with ToRNAdoTM, the in-licensed LNP technology.

IRX-2

IRX-2 is a mixed, human-derived cytokine product with multiple active constituents including Interleukin-2, or IL2, and other key cytokines. Together, these cytokines are believed to signal, enhance and restore immune function suppressed by the tumor, thus enabling the immune system to attack cancer cells, unlike many existing cancer therapies, which rely on targeting the cancer directly. IRX-2 is prepared from the supernatant of pooled allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells, known as PBMCs, that have been stimulated using a proprietary process employing a specific population of cells and a specific mitogen.

Unlike existing recombinant IL2 therapies, IRX-2 is derived from human blood cells. We believe this may promote better tolerance, broader targeting and a natural molecular conformation leading to greater activity, and may permit low physiologic dosing, rather than the high doses needed in other existing IL2 therapies.

Results of the Phase 2b INSPIRE trial, or the INSPIRE trial, released in June 2022, showed outcomes favored IRX-2 in certain predefined subgroups but the INSPIRE trial did not meet the primary endpoint of Event-Free Survival (“EFS”) at two years of follow up. One hundred and fifty patients were enrolled in the study. At two years of follow-up in the intention-to-treat (ITT, n=105) population the median EFS was 48.3 months and was not reached in the control arm (Hazard Ratio 1.10 (95% Confidence Interval, 0.6-2.1; p value=0.62)). Subgroups favoring the IRX-2 arm included patients with later stage (III and IV) disease and those that did not receive chemotherapy. Trends in EFS rates as defined by the Kaplan-Meier estimate at two years of follow-up in patients with later stage (III and IV) disease were 57.2 (40.3, 70.9) vs 49.4 (28.3, 67.4) in favor of IRX-2. In patients that did not receive chemotherapy (radiation only) as part of adjuvant treatment, the EFS Kaplan-Meier estimate at two years of follow-up was 76.4 (52.2, 89.4) vs 60.6 (29.4, 81.4) in favor of IRX-2. There were no new safety signals observed with IRX-2. We currently do not have plans to further develop the IRX-2 product candidate.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic

The development of our product candidates has been, and could continue to be, disrupted and materially adversely affected by past and continuing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is largely a result of measures imposed by the governments and hospitals in affected regions, businesses and schools were suspended due to quarantines intended to contain this outbreak. The spread of COVID-19 from China to other countries resulted in the Director General of the World Health Organization declaring COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020. Despite progress in vaccination efforts, the longer-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our development plans and on the ability to conduct our clinical trials remains uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence. COVID-19 could continue to disrupt production and cause delays in the supply and delivery of products used in our operations, may affect our operations, including the conduct of clinical studies, or the ability of regulatory bodies to grant approvals or supervise our candidates and products, may further divert the attention and efforts of the medical community to coping with the COVID-19 and disrupt the marketplace in which we operate and may have a material adverse effects on our operations. COVID-19 may also affect our employees and employees and operations at suppliers that may result in delays or disruptions in supply. In addition, a recession or market correction resulting from the spread of COVID-19 could materially affect our business and the value of our common stock. Additionally, if the COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on our business and financial results for an extended period of time, our liquidity and cash resources could be negatively impacted. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing global efforts to contain its spread will impact our operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain, and include the duration, severity and scope of the pandemic and the actions taken to contain or treat the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, the specific clinical outcomes, or future pandemic related impacts of emerging COVID-19 variants cannot be reliably predicted.

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Recent Developments

PIPE Transaction

On March 6, 2022, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with an investor (the “PIPE Investor”) providing for the private placement (the “PIPE Transaction”) to the PIPE Investor of approximately 6,857,000 units (the “Units”), each of  which consisted of (i) one share of our common stock (or, in lieu thereof, one pre-funded warrant (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase one share of common stock) and (ii) one warrant (the “Common Warrants”) to purchase one share of common stock, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $12.0 million (the “Subscription Amount”). The PIPE Transaction closed on March 9, 2022. We incurred fees of $1.0 million through June 30, 2022 related to the PIPE Transaction.

Each Pre-Funded Warrant has an exercise price of $0.005 per share of common stock, was immediately exercisable and may be exercised at any time and has no expiration date and is subject to customary adjustments. The Pre-Funded Warrants may not be exercised if the aggregate number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by the holder thereof would exceed 9.99% immediately after exercise thereof.

Each Common Warrant has an exercise price of $1.91 per share, becomes exercisable six months following the closing of the PIPE Transaction, expires five-and-one-half years from the date of issuance, and is subject to customary adjustments. The Common Warrants may not be exercised if the aggregate number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by the holder thereof would exceed 4.99% immediately after exercise thereof, subject to increase to 9.99% at the option of the holder.

The Common Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants were accounted for as liabilities under ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging, Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity, as these warrants provide for a cashless settlement provision that fails the requirement of the indexation guidance under ASC 815-40.  The warrant liabilities are measured at fair value at inception and on a recurring basis, with changes in fair value presented within the statement of operations.

The fair values of the Common Warrants and the Pre-Funded Warrants at the issuance date totaled $12.6 million in the aggregate, which was $0.6 million more than the Subscription Amount.  The excess $0.6 million represents an inducement to the PIPE Investor to enter into the PIPE Transaction and was recorded in warrant liabilities expense in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations.

In connection with the PIPE Transaction, we and the PIPE Investor also entered into a registration rights agreement, dated March 6, 2022, pursuant to which we agreed to prepare and file a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) to register the resale of the shares of common stock included in the Units and the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Common Warrants. We agreed to use our best efforts to have such registration statement declared effective as promptly as possible after the filing thereof, subject to certain specified penalties if timely effectiveness is not achieved.  We filed such registration statement on April 29, 2022, which became effective on May 11, 2022.

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Pursuant to the registration rights agreement, we are obligated to pay the PIPE Investor liquidated damages equal to 2% of the Subscription Amount per month, with a maximum aggregate payment of 12% of the Subscription Amount, in the event the PIPE Investor is not permitted to use the registration statement to resell the related securities for more than 10 consecutive calendar days or more than an aggregate of fifteen calendar days (which need not be consecutive calendar days) during any 12-month period.

On May 24, 2022, we provided the PIPE Investor with notice that it was not able to resell the securities under the registration agreement because we did not timely file our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the “Q1 2022 10-Q”) with the SEC, and that the PIPE Investor could not use the registration statement to resell the related securities until we filed the Q1 2022 10-Q.  Because the PIPE Investor was unable to use the resale registration statement for at least 10 consecutive calendar days, we accrued $0.2 million during the first quarter of 2022 for the estimated contingent loss we expect to incur as a result of the late Q1 2022 10Q filing, which is recorded in other expense, net for the six months ended June 30, 2022 in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.  We paid the $0.2 million liquidated damages payment in June 2022.

On June 30, 2022, we filed the Q1 2022 10-Q along with the 10-K/A, and on July 1, 2022, we provided notice to the PIPE Investor that it may resume use of the resale registration statement.

Basis of Presentation

Revenues

We are a development stage company and have had no revenues from product sales to date. We will not have revenues from product sales until such time as we receive regulatory approval of our product candidates, successfully commercialize our products or enter into a licensing agreement which may include up-front licensing fees, of which there can be no assurance.

Research and Development Expenses

We expense our research and development costs as incurred. Our research and development expenses consist of costs incurred for company-sponsored research and development activities, as well as support for selected investigator-sponsored research. Upfront payments and milestone payments for the licensing of technology are expensed as research and development in the period in which they are incurred if the technology is not expected to have any alternative future uses other than the specific research and development project for which it was intended. In-Process Research and Development (“IPR&D”) that is acquired through an asset acquisition and has no alternative future uses and, therefore, no separate economic values, is expensed to research and development costs at the time the costs are incurred.

The major components of research and development costs include preclinical study costs, clinical manufacturing costs, clinical study and trial expenses, insurance coverage for clinical trials, expensed licensed technology, consulting, scientific advisors and other third-party costs, salaries and employee benefits, stock-based compensation expense, supplies and materials and allocations of various overhead costs related to our product development efforts.

In the normal course of our business, we contract with third parties to perform various clinical study and trial activities in the on-going development and testing of potential products. The financial terms of these agreements are subject to negotiation and vary from contract to contract and may result in uneven payment flows. Payments under the contracts depend on factors such as the achievement of certain events or milestones, the successful enrollment of patients, the allocation of responsibilities among the parties to the agreement, and the completion of portions of the clinical study or trial or similar conditions. Preclinical and clinical study and trial associated activities such as production and testing of clinical material require significant up-front expenditures. We anticipate paying significant portions of a study’s or trial’s cost before such begins and incurring additional expenditures as the study or trial progresses and reaches certain milestones.

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General and Administrative Expenses

Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, benefits and other costs, including equity-based compensation, for our executive and administrative personnel, legal and other professional fees, travel, insurance, and other corporate costs.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 and 2021

     
Three months ended June 30,
        
Change
      
Six months ended June 30,
        
Change
   
2022
    
2021
2022
    
2021
(in thousands)
                                    
Operating expenses:
                                    
Research and development
  
$
1,685
    
$
5,432