Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

________________________

FORM 10-Q

________________________

(Mark One)


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended November 30, 2024


o			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ and __________

Commission file number: 001-31968

________________________

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

________________________


Nevada			95-4863690
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

3811 Turtle Creek Boulevard, Suite 2100, Dallas, Texas			75219
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)			(Zip Code)

(214) 427-1704

Registrant's telephone number, including area code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share	APLD	Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

As of January 13, 2025, 222,903,471 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value, were outstanding.

Table of Contents


		Page
Part I - Financial Information

Item 1.	Financial Statements	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of November 30, 2024 and May 31, 2024 (unaudited)	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended November 30 , 2024 and November 30 , 2023 (unaudited)	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Temporary Equity and Stockholders’ Equity for the three and six months ended November 30, 2024 and November 30, 2023 (unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended November 30 , 2024 and November 30 , 2023 (unaudited)	5
	Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	28
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	46
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	46

Part II - Other Information

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	48
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	48
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	51
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	52
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	52
Item 5.	Other Information	52
Item 6.	Exhibits	53
Signatures		55

Table of Contents

Part I - Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and par value data)


	November 30, 2024		May 31, 2024
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	286,237	$	3,339
Restricted cash	21,342		21,349
Accounts receivable	12,313		3,847
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	8,496		1,343
Current assets held for sale	—		384
Total current assets	328,388		30,262
Property and equipment, net	772,664		340,381
Operating lease right of use assets, net	140,583		153,611
Finance lease right of use assets, net	261,452		218,683
Other assets	40,082		19,930
TOTAL ASSETS	$	1,543,169	$	762,867

LIABILITIES, TEMPORARY EQUITY AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	192,017	$	116,117
Accrued liabilities	31,625		26,282
Current portion of operating lease liability	23,096		21,705
Current portion of finance lease liability	136,511		107,683
Current portion of debt	6,543		10,082
Current portion of debt, at fair value	4,798		35,836
Customer deposits	16,125		13,819
Related party customer deposits	—		1,549
Deferred revenue	6,187		37,674
Related party deferred revenue	—		1,692

Due to customer	7,355		13,002
Other current liabilities	96		96
Total current liabilities	424,353		385,537
Long-term portion of operating lease liability	97,821		109,740
Long-term portion of finance lease liability	62,397		63,288
Long-term debt	468,244		79,472


Total liabilities	1,052,815		638,037
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Temporary equity
Series E preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 2,000,000 shares authorized, 301,673 shares issued and outstanding at November 30, 2024, and no shares authorized, issued or outstanding at May 31, 2024	6,932		—
Series F preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 53,191 shares authorized and issued, 43,000 outstanding at November 30, 2024, and no shares authorized, issued or outstanding at May 31, 2024	43,000		—
Series E-1 preferred stock, $0.001, 62,500 shares authorized, 6,359 shares issued and outstanding at November 30, 2024, and no shares authorized, issued or outstanding at May 31, 2024	5,850		—
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 400,000,000 shares authorized, 225,846,268 shares issued and 216,555,069 shares outstanding at November 30, 2024, and 144,083,944 shares issued and 139,051,142 shares outstanding at May 31, 2024	222		144
Treasury stock, 9,291,199 shares at November 30, 2024 and 5,032,802 shares at May 31, 2024, at cost	(31,400)		(62)
Additional paid in capital	858,713		374,738
Accumulated deficit	(392,963)		(249,990)
Total stockholders’ equity attributable to Applied Digital Corporation	434,572		124,830


TOTAL LIABILITIES, TEMPORARY EQUITY AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$	1,543,169	$	762,867

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

Table of Contents

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share data)


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Revenue:
Revenue	$	63,868	$	38,569	$	122,646	$	70,708
Related party revenue	—		3,634		1,926		7,819
Total revenue	63,868		42,203		124,572		78,527
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenues	52,361		29,769		113,421		54,990
Selling, general and administrative (1)	29,789		20,266		44,129		36,437
Loss/(gain) on classification of held for sale (2)	192		—		(24,616)		—
Loss on abandonment of assets	141		—		769		—
Loss from legal settlement	—		80		—		2,380
Total costs and expenses	82,483		50,115		133,703		93,807
Operating loss	(18,615)		(7,912)		(9,131)		(15,280)
Interest expense, net (3)	7,482		2,617		14,790		4,750
Loss on conversion of debt	25,410		—		33,612		—
Loss on change in fair value of debt	87,218		—		85,439		—

Loss on extinguishment of related party debt	—		—		—		2,353
Net loss before income tax expenses	(138,725)		(10,529)		(142,972)		(22,383)
Income tax expense (benefit)	1		—		1		—
Net loss	(138,726)		(10,529)		(142,973)		(22,383)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	—		—		—		(397)
Preferred dividends	(629)		—		(673)		—
Net loss attributable to Common Stockholders	$	(139,355)	$	(10,529)	$	(143,646)	$	(21,986)

Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders	$	(0.66)	$	(0.10)	$	(0.80)	$	(0.21)
Basic and diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding	209,560,339		109,663,030		179,119,398		105,067,375

(1)Includes related party selling, general and administrative expense of $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended November 30, 2024 and November 30, 2023, respectively, and $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the six months ended November 30, 2024 and November 30, 2023, respectively. See Note 5 - Related Party Transactions for further discussion of related party transactions.

(2)Includes $25 million received in connection with the sale of our Garden City facility for the six months ended November 30, 2024. See Note 10 - Commitments and Contingencies for further discussion.

(3)Includes related party interest expense of $0.7 million for the three and six months ended November 30, 2023. There was no related party debt outstanding during the three and six months ended November 30, 2024 and as such, no interest expense was incurred related to related party debt. See Note 5 - Related Party Transactions for further discussion of related party transactions.

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

Table of Contents

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Temporary Equity and Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

For the Three Months ended November 30, 2024 and November 30, 2023

(In thousands, except share data)


	Temporary Equity									Permanent Equity
	Series E Redeemable Preferred Stock			Series F Convertible Preferred Stock			Series E-1 Redeemable Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Treasury Stock			Additional Paid in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balance, August 31, 2024	301,673	$	6,932	53,191	$	48,350	—	$	—	162,471,048	$	162	(5,032,802)	$	(62)	$	496,027	$	(254,281)	$	241,846
Shares issued in offering, net of costs	—	—		—	—		—	—		49,382,720	49		—	—		149,768		—		149,817
Issuance of common stock from stock plans	—	—		—	—		—	—		497,271	1		—	—		(1)		—		—

Conversions of debt	—	—		—	—		—	—		7,657,226	8		—	—		48,736		—		48,744
Issuance of shares	—	—		—	—		—	—		528,541	1		—	—		(1)		—		—
Issuance of warrants, at fair value	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		7,636		—		7,636
Conversion of warrants	—	—		—	—		—	—		3,853,605	4		—	—		(4)		—		—

Preferred Series F Stock issuance costs	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		(4,841)		—		(4,841)
Preferred Series E-1 Stock, net of issuance costs	—	—		—	—		6,359	5,850		—	—		—	—		—		—		—
Preferred Stock Dividends	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		(672)		44		(628)
Conversion of preferred stock	—	—		(10,191)	(5,350)		—	—		1,455,857	1		—	—		10,190		—		10,191
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		3,461		—		3,461

Share repurchase	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	(4)		(4,258,397)	(31,338)		—		—		(31,342)
Purchase of capped call options	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		(51,750)		—		(51,750)
Purchase of prepaid forward contract	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		(52,736)		—		(52,736)
Reclass of conversion option	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		252,900		—		252,900
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(138,726)		(138,726)
Balance, November 30, 2024	301,673	$	6,932	43,000	$	43,000	6,359	$	5,850	225,846,268	$	222	(9,291,199)	$	(31,400)	$	858,713	$	(392,963)	$	434,572


	Common Stock			Treasury Stock			Additional Paid in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Stockholders’ Equity		Total Equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount









Balance, August 31, 2023	110,850,885	$	110	(5,001,728)	$	(62)	$	240,073	$	(112,173)	$	127,948	$	127,948
Shares issued in offering, net of costs	6,879,070	8		—	—		33,432		—		33,440		33,440
Issuance of common stock from stock plans	5,004,105	5		—	—		(5)		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		4,799		—		4,799		4,799
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(10,529)		(10,529)		(10,529)
Balance, November 30, 2023	122,734,060	$	123	(5,001,728)	$	(62)	$	278,299	$	(122,702)	$	155,658	$	155,658

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

Table of Contents

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Temporary Equity and Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

For the Six Months ended November 30, 2024 and November 30, 2023

(In thousands, except share data)


	Temporary Equity									Permanent Equity
	Series E Redeemable Preferred Stock			Series F Convertible Preferred Stock			Series E-1 Redeemable Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Treasury Stock			Additional Paid in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balance, May 31, 2024	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—	144,083,944	$	144	(5,032,802)	$	(62)	$	374,738	$	(249,990)	$	124,830
Shares issued in offering, net of costs	—	—		—	—		—	—		55,506,938	55		—	—		180,783		—		180,838
Issuance of common stock from stock plans	—	—		—	—		—	—		1,267,179	2		—	—		(2)		—		—

Conversions of debt	—	—		—	—		—	—		19,050,204	19		—	—		104,926		—		104,945
Issuance of shares	—	—		—	—		—	—		628,541	1		—	—		518		—		519
Issuance of warrants, at fair value	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		44,115		—		44,115
Conversion of warrants	—	—		—	—		—	—		3,853,605	4		—	—		(4)		—		—
Preferred Series E Stock, net of issuance costs	301,673	6,932		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		6		—		6
Preferred Series F Stock, net of issuance costs	—	—		53,191	48,350		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—
Preferred Series F Stock issuance costs	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		(4,841)		—		(4,841)
Preferred Series E-1 Stock, net of issuance costs	—	—		—	—		6,359	5,850		—	—		—	—		—		—		—
Preferred Stock Dividends	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		(672)		—		(672)
Conversion of preferred stock	—	—		(10,191)	(5,350)		—	—		1,455,857	1		—	—		10,190		—		10,191
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		542		—		542
Share repurchase	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	(4)		(4,258,397)	(31,338)		—		—		(31,342)
Purchase of capped call options	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		(51,750)		—		(51,750)
Purchase of prepaid forward contract	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		(52,736)		—		(52,736)
Reclass of conversion option	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		252,900		—		252,900
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(142,973)		(142,973)
Balance, November 30, 2024	301,673	$	6,932	43,000	$	43,000	6,359	$	5,850	225,846,268	$	222	(9,291,199)	$	(31,400)	$	858,713	$	(392,963)	$	434,572


	Common Stock			Treasury Stock			Additional Paid in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Stockholders’ Equity		Noncontrolling Interest		Total Equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount









Balance, May 31, 2023	100,927,358	$	101	(5,001,728)	$	(62)	$	160,194	$	(100,716)	$	59,517	$	10,162	$	69,679
Shares issued in offering, net of costs	14,787,598	16		—	—		98,140		—		98,156		—		98,156
Issuance of common stock from stock plans	5,534,837	5		—	—		(5)		—		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		10,440		—		10,440		—		10,440
Stock issuance costs	—	—		—	—		(234)		—		(234)		—		(234)
Extinguishment of noncontrolling interest	1,484,267	1		—	—		9,764		—		9,765		(9,765)		—
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(21,986)		(21,986)		(397)		(22,383)
Balance, November 30, 2023	122,734,060	$	123	(5,001,728)	$	(62)	$	278,299	$	(122,702)	$	155,658	$	—	$	155,658

see accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

Table of Contents

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(In thousands)


	Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss	$	(142,973)	$	(22,383)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	60,761		21,284
Stock-based compensation	542		10,440
Lease expense	15,380		2,294

Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		2,353
Loss on legal settlement	—		2,380
Amortization of debt issuance costs	2,424		352
Gain on classification of held for sale	(24,616)		—

Loss on conversion of debt	33,612		—
Loss on change in fair value of debt	85,439		—
Loss on abandonment of assets	769		189
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(8,466)		(225)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(7,153)		496
Customer deposits	2,306		4,274
Related party customer deposits	(1,549)		—
Deferred revenue	(31,487)		2,883
Related party deferred revenue	(1,692)		429
Accounts payable	(82,849)		6,440
Accrued liabilities	(2,515)		(1,914)
Due to customer	(5,647)		—
Lease assets and liabilities	(19,382)		(19,198)

Other assets	(1,058)		(1,040)
CASH FLOW (USED IN) PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES	(128,154)		9,054
CASH FLOW FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchases of property and equipment and other assets	(225,847)		(45,828)

Proceeds from satisfaction of contingency on sale of assets	25,000		—
Finance lease prepayments	(5,270)		(19,388)
Purchases of investments	(1,422)		(390)
CASH FLOW USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES	(207,539)		(65,606)
CASH FLOW FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Repayment of finance leases	(62,170)		(13,071)
Borrowings of long-term debt	275,000		4,732
Borrowings of related party debt	—		8,000
Repayments of long-term debt	(133,314)		(4,472)
Repayment of related party debt	—		(45,500)
Payment of deferred financing costs	(28,927)		—


Proceeds from issuance of common stock	191,590		98,156
Common stock issuance costs	(10,233)		(234)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock	67,085		—
Preferred stock issuance costs	(5,947)		—
Dividends issued on preferred stock	(672)		—
Proceeds from issuance of SAFE agreement included in long-term debt	12,000		—
Repurchase of shares	(31,342)
Proceeds from convertible notes	450,000		—
Purchase of capped call options	(51,750)		—
Purchase of prepaid forward contract	(52,736)		—
CASH FLOW PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES	618,584		47,611
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH	282,891		(8,941)
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD	31,688		43,574
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, END OF PERIOD	$	314,579	$	34,633

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

Table of Contents

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(In thousands)


	Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Interest paid	$	33,144	$	4,370

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH ACTIVITIES
Operating right-of-use assets obtained by lease obligation	$	—	$	69,329
Finance right-of-use assets obtained by lease obligation	$	97,489	$	96,946
Property and equipment in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	165,721	$	23,572
Conversion of debt to common stock	$	104,945	$	—
Extinguishment of non-controlling interest	$	—	$	9,765
Loss from legal settlement	$	—	$	2,300
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock	$	10,191	$	—
Cashless exercise of warrants	$	4	$	—
Issuance of warrants, at fair value	$	44,115	$	—

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

Table of Contents

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

For the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2024

1. Business and Organization

Applied Digital Corporation (the “Company”), is a designer, builder, and operator of digital infrastructure providing cost-competitive solutions to customers. The Company has three reportable segments. Financial information for each segment is contained in “Note 11 - Business Segments”.

2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), including the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the Company's annual consolidated financial statements on Form 10-K have been condensed or omitted. The unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of May 31, 2024 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date, but does not include all disclosures required for audited annual financial statements.

In the Company’s opinion, all necessary adjustments have been made for the fair presentation of the results of the interim periods presented. The results of operations for such interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. For further information, please refer to and read these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2024.

Significant Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements is in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the balance sheet and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

Data Center Hosting Revenue

The Company provides energized space to customers who locate their hardware within the Company’s co-hosting facility. All Data Center Hosting performance obligations are achieved simultaneously by providing the hosting environment for the customers’ operations. Customers pay a fixed rate to the Company in exchange for a managed hosting environment supported by customer-provided equipment. Revenue is recognized based on the contractual fixed rate, net of any credits for non-performance, over the term of the agreements. Any ancillary revenue for other services is generally recognized at a point in time when the services are complete. Customer contracts include advance payment terms. All advanced service payments are recorded as deferred revenue and are recognized as revenue once the related service is provided.

Cloud Services Revenue

The Company also provides managed cloud infrastructure services to customers, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning developers, to help develop their advanced products. Customers pay a fixed rate to the Company in exchange for managed cloud services supported by Company-provided equipment. Revenues are recognized based on the fixed rate, net of any credits for non-performance, over the term of the agreements.

Table of Contents

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

For the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2024

Segments

The Company has identified three reportable segments: data center hosting (“Data Center Hosting Business”), cloud services (“Cloud Services Business”), and high-performance compute hosting (“HPC Hosting Business”). The Company’s chief operating decision-maker evaluates performance, makes operating decisions and allocates resources on both a consolidated basis and on the basis of these three reportable segments. Intercompany transactions between segments are excluded for management reporting purposes.

The Data Center Hosting Business operates data centers to provide energized space to crypto mining customers. Customer-owned hardware is installed in the Company’s facilities and the Company provides operational and maintenance services for a fixed fee.

The Cloud Services Business operates through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Applied Digital Cloud Corporation, and provides cloud services to customers at third party colocation centers located in Colorado, Minnesota, Nevada and Utah, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning developers, to develop their advanced products. Customers pay a fixed rate to the Company in exchange for an energized space supported by Company-provided equipment.

The HPC Hosting Business designs, builds, and operates data centers which are being designed to support high-compute applications using advanced and sophisticated infrastructures to provide services to customers.

See Note 2 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies to the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC, for additional information regarding the Company’s significant accounting policies and use of estimates.

Reclassifications

Income Statement

We have reclassified certain prior period amounts in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations to conform to our current period presentation. Specifically, we have reclassified certain amounts of “Selling, general and administrative” expenses to “Cost of revenues”. Additionally, we have reclassified certain amounts of “Selling, general and administrative” expense and “Cost of revenues” to “Interest expense, net.” We have also condensed the presentation of segment revenue into a single “Revenue” caption as segment disclosures are presented in Note 11 - Business Segments.

These reclassifications had no impact on reported net loss, cash flows, or total assets and liabilities.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

The Company has restricted cash related to its letters of credit totaling $28.3 million, which is held in money market funds. The Company is required to keep these balances in separate accounts for the duration of the letter of credit agreements, which have terms of up to two years. These letters of credit were issued in lieu of security deposits. The Company considers the money market funds to be Level 1 which the Company believes approximates fair value.

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash within the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets that are included in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows as of November 30, 2024 and May 31, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):


	November 30, 2024		May 31, 2024
Cash and cash equivalents	$	286,237	$	3,339
Restricted cash	21,342		21,349
Restricted cash included in other assets	7,000		7,000
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	314,579	$	31,688

Table of Contents

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

For the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2024

Liquidity

As noted above, the Company had a working capital deficit of $96.0 million which raises substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. Based on an analysis of subsequent events which are disclosed in "Note 13 - Subsequent Events", the Company believes that substantial doubt to continue as a going concern has been alleviated. Therefore, the Company has sufficient liquidity to meet its obligations as they become due for at least twelve months from the date these financial statements were issued.

3. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following as of November 30, 2024 and May 31, 2024 (in thousands):


	Estimated Useful Life	November 30, 2024		May 31, 2024
Networking equipment, electrical equipment, and software	5 years	$	33,640	$	32,517
Electric generation and transformers	15 years	9,933		9,933
Land and building
Building	39 years	108,847		103,990
Land		19,047		6,205
Land improvements	15 years	1,380		1,380
Leasehold improvements	3 years - 7 years	1,142		1,051
Construction in progress		609,055		190,162
Other equipment and fixtures	5 years - 7 years	9,932		9,552
Total cost of property and equipment		792,976		354,790
Accumulated depreciation		(20,312)		(14,409)
Property and equipment, net		$	772,664	$	340,381

Depreciation expense totaled $3.1 million and $6.1 million for the three and six months ended November 30, 2024, respectively, and $2.6 million and $4.9 million for the three and six months ended November 30, 2023, respectively.

4. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Below is a summary of the Company’s revenue concentration by major customers for the three and six months ended November 30, 2024 and November 30, 2023, respectively.


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Customer A	51	%	70	%	49	%	69	%





Customer G	16	%	11	%	16	%	—	%
Customer H	28	%	—	%	27	%	—	%

Table of Contents

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

For the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2024

Deferred Revenue

Changes in the Company's deferred revenue balances for the six months ended November 30, 2024 and November 30, 2023, respectively, are shown in the following table (in thousands):


	Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	39,366	$	48,692
Advance billings	87,522		81,839
Revenue recognized	(124,322)		(78,527)
Other adjustments	3,621		—
Less: Related party balances	—		(1,953)
Balance, end of period	$	6,187	$	50,051

Customer Deposits

Changes in the Company's customer deposits balances for the six months ended November 30, 2024 and November 30, 2023, respectively, are shown in the following table (in thousands):


	Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	15,367	$	36,370
Customer deposits received	5,698		4,274
Customer deposits refunded	(3,373)		—
Customer deposits applied	(1,567)		—

Less: Related party balances	—		(3,811)
Balance, end of period	$	16,125	$	36,833

5. Related Party Transactions

Related Party Revenue

The following table illustrates related party revenue for the three and six months ended November 30, 2024 and November 30, 2023 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Customer D*	$	—	$	1,986	$	992	$	4,319
Customer E**	$	—	$	1,648	$	678	$	3,500

*Customer D is a subsidiary of an entity which, during the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, was deemed to beneficially own over 5% of the Company's outstanding common stock. As of July 25, 2024, the controlling individual of the entity filed a Schedule 13G to report the fact that as of the date thereof, the entity had ceased to be a beneficial owner of more than 5% of such class of securities.

**Customer E is 60% owned by an individual who, during the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, was deemed to beneficially own over 5% of the Company's outstanding common stock. As of July 25, 2024, the individual filed a Schedule 13G to report the fact that as of the date thereof, the individual had ceased to be a beneficial owner of more than 5% of such class of securities.

Table of Contents

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

For the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2024

The following table illustrates related party deferred revenue and deposits balances as of November 30, 2024 and May 31, 2024 (in thousands):


	Customer D balances as of				Customer E balances as of
	November 30, 2024		May 31, 2024		November 30, 2024		May 31, 2024
Deferred revenue	$	—	$	993	$	—	$	699
Customer deposits	$	—	$	895	$	—	$	654

Related Party Sublease Income

The Company received sublease income from B. Riley Asset Management, which is also a wholly-owned subsidiary of B. Riley Financial, Inc. As previously disclosed, the Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, served as the President of B. Riley Asset Management, and effective February 5, 2024, resigned from that position and as such, B. Riley ceased being a related party as of May 31, 2024. Sublease income is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. Related party sublease income for the three and six months ended November 30, 2023 was $24,000 and $47,100, respectively.

Other Related Party Transactions

Related party transactions included within selling, general, and administrative expense on the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations include the following:

•construction and consulting costs of $0.1 million and $0.2 million during the three and six months ended November 30, 2023 were incurred with a company owned by a family member of the Company’s Chief Administrative Officer. There were no transactions with this related party during the three and six months ended November 30, 2024.

•software license fees of $0.1 million and $0.1 million, during the three and six months ended November 30, 2024, respectively, and $60.8 thousand and $0.1 million during the three and six months ended November 30, 2023, respectively, were incurred with a company whose chairman is also a member of the Company’s Board of Directors.

6. Debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following components (in thousands):


	Interest Rate	Maturity Date	November 30, 2024		May 31, 2024
Senior Unsecured Convertible Notes	2.75%	June 2030	450,000		—
Macquarie Promissory Note (1)	0.25%	May 2026	166,500		—
Starion Ellendale Loan (2)	7.48%	February 2028	14,256		16,145
Vantage Transformer Loan	6.50%	February 2029	—		3,609
Cornerstone Bank Loan (3)	8.59%	March 2029	14,255		15,576
Yorkville Convertible Debt	—%	April and June 2025	—		80,243
Starion Term Loan (4)	6.50%	July 2027	8,564		10,021
Other long-term debt (5)			12,259		297
Deferred financing costs, net of amortization			(191,047)		(501)
Less: Current portion of debt			(6,543)		(45,918)
Long-term debt, net			$	468,244	$	79,472

(1)The Macquarie Promissory Note is guaranteed by APLD Holdings 2 LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and is secured by a continuing security interest in all of the membership interests of the borrower, APLD ELN-02 Holdings LLC, and all related proceeds.

Table of Contents

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

For the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2024

(2)The Starion Ellendale Loan is guaranteed by APLD ELN-01 LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and is secured by the Ellendale facility, a security interest in substantially all of the assets of APLD ELN-01 LLC, and a security interest in the form of a collateral assignment of the Company’s rights and interests in all master hosting agreements related to the Ellendale Facility.

(3)The Cornerstone Bank Loan is guaranteed by APLD GPU-01, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and is secured by a security interest in multiple Terms of Service Agreements for HPC based systems related to AI Cloud Computing Services, which are to be serviced at the Jamestown hosting facility.

(4)The Starion Term Loan is guaranteed by APLD Hosting, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and is secured by the Jamestown hosting facility, a security interest in substantially all of the assets of APLD Hosting LLC, and interests in all master hosting agreements related to the Jamestown hosting facility.

(5)Inclusive in this number is $12.0 million of proceeds from the issuance of two SAFE agreements which were accounted for as liabilities. See further discussion below.

Remaining Principal Payments

Below is a summary of the remaining principal payments due over the life of the term loans as of November 30, 2024 (in thousands):


Remainder of FY25	$	4,913
FY26	176,953
FY27	11,132
FY28	7,659
FY29	3,176
Thereafter (1)	462,000
Total	$	665,833

(1)Includes $12.0 million of proceeds from the issuance of two SAFE agreements which were accounted for as liabilities. See further discussion below.

Letters of Credit

As of November 30, 2024, the Company had letters of credit totaling $28.3 million. The Company has restricted cash related to its letters of credit and is required to keep these balances in separate accounts for the duration of the letter of credit agreements. The Company presents all restricted cash amounts with letter of credit terms of 12 months or less within the Restricted Cash caption within current assets and any amounts with related letter of credit terms of over 12 months in Other Assets.

Yorkville Convertible Debt

During the fiscal year ended May 31, 2024, the Company entered into two prepaid advance agreements with YA II PN, LTD. (“YA Fund”) for promissory notes totaling $92.1 million (collectively the “YA Notes”), issued on March 27, 2024 (the “March Note”), April 24, 2024, and May 24, 2024 (the “May PPA”). The YA Notes were convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock. During the three months ended November 30, 2024, $23.3 million of the YA Notes were converted into approximately 7.7 million shares of common stock and during the six months ended November 30, 2024, $71.3 million of the YA Notes were converted into approximately 19.1 million shares of common stock. The Company recorded a loss on conversion of debt of $25.4 million and $33.6 million during the three and six months ended November 30, 2024, respectively, in its unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The fair value of the YA Notes was calculated on an as-converted basis using quoted market prices of the Company's outstanding common stock; however, as of November 30, 2024, YA Fund had converted the maximum amount of shares allowable under Nasdaq rules and regulations and as such, the remaining balance of $4.8 million under the March Note was payable in cash. Subsequent to the quarter end, the Company repaid the $4.8 million in full, including all outstanding and unpaid principal, accrued interest, fees, and expenses, as well as the $2.1 million Commitment Fee under SEPA (as defined below).

Table of Contents

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

For the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2024

CIM Arrangement & Warrants

On June 7, 2024, APLD Holdings 2 LLC (the “Borrower”), a subsidiary of the Company, entered into a promissory note (the “CIM Promissory Note”) with CIM APLD Lender Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Lender”). The CIM Promissory Note provides for borrowings up to $125 million. During the six months ended November 30, 2024, the total amount borrowed under the CIM Promissory Note was $125 million.

On November 27, 2024, in connection with the issuance of the Macquarie Promissory Note and receipt by the Company of the proceeds related thereto (as described below), the Company repaid the CIM Promissory Note in full, including all outstanding and unpaid principal, accrued interest, fees, and expenses. The associated extinguishment costs were capitalized directly into Construction in Progress (CIP), as the CIM Promissory Note was tied to the ELN-02 Project and was therefore considered part of the construction cost. As of November 30, 2024, the CIP balance includes $9.4 million related to the extinguishment of the CIM Promissory Note.

Pursuant to the CIM Promissory Note, the Company issued warrants to purchase up to 9,265,366 shares of common stock (the “CIM Warrants”). The CIM Warrants were issuable in two tranches for the purchase of up to 6,300,449 Common Shares (the “Initial Warrants”) and 2,964,917 Common Shares (the “Additional Warrants”), respectively. The Initial Warrants were issued June 17, 2024 and the Additional Warrants were issued August 11, 2024. The CIM Warrants are exercisable upon issuance and have a five-year term. The CIM Warrants have an exercise price of $4.8005 per share, which exercise price may be paid in cash, by net settlement or by a combination of cash and net settlement but must be exercised by net settlement if no registration covering the exercise of the Warrants remains effective.

The CIM Warrants were measured at fair value using a Black-Scholes Option Pricing model. Inherent in pricing models are assumptions related to expected share-price volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate and dividend yield, which are considered Level 3 inputs. The estimated fair value of the CIM Warrants was based on the following significant inputs:


	Initial Warrants		Additional Warrants
Warrant issue date	June 17, 2024		August 11, 2024
Contractual term	5 years		5 years

Volatility	105	%	110	%
Risk-free rate	4.25	%	3.76	%
Dividend yield	—	%	—	%

The fair value of the Initial Warrants and Additional Warrants was $4.36 and $3.04 per warrant, respectively. The total fair value of the CIM Warrants was $36.5 million and was recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of changes in temporary equity and stockholders’ equity. The Company deferred the recognition of the fair value of the Initial and Additional Warrants as a reduction in the net carrying amount of the CIM Promissory Note. After the repayment of the CIM Promissory Note, the remaining value of the CIM Warrants recorded as a reduction of the CIM Promissory Note was capitalized to CIP.

During the quarter ended November 30, 2024, 7.0 million of the CIM Warrants were exercised on a cashless basis for approximately 3.9 million shares of the Company’s common stock in a net settlement transaction. As of November 30, 2024, approximately 2.3 million of Additional Warrants are outstanding.

Yorkville Amendments

In connection with the CIM Promissory Note, the Company also entered into a Consent, Waiver and First Amendment to Prepaid Advance Agreements (the “Consent”) with YA Fund. In exchange for giving its consent to the transaction with the CIM Lender, the Company agreed to issue an aggregate of 100,000 shares of common stock to YA Fund and to conditionally lower the floor price from $3.00 to $2.00 so long as the daily Volume Weighted Average Price (“VWAP”) is less than $3.00 per share of common stock for five out of seven trading days. The Company further agreed to deliver a security agreement whereby its subsidiary, Applied Digital Cloud Corporation, would grant a springing lien on substantially all of its assets subject to customary carve-outs to secure the YA notes issued in favor of YA Fund. Pursuant to the Consent, YA Fund also consented to future project-level financing at the HPC Ellendale facility. In addition,

Table of Contents

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

For the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2024

pursuant to the terms of the Consent, certain provisions of the March PPA and the May PPA were amended. Upon issuance of the 100,000 shares, the Company recorded the value of the shares at their grant date fair value as an increase in the loss on change in fair value of debt caption on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

On October 16, 2024, the Company entered into a letter agreement with YA Fund, whereby the Company agreed to satisfy its obligations with respect to the Commitment Fee (as defined below) in cash by increasing the principal amount due under the March Note in an equivalent amount, instead of issuing the Commitment Shares (as defined below). The Commitment Fee has been paid in full subsequent to November 30, 2024 as part of the repayment by the Company of the March Note.

On October 29, 2024, the Company entered into certain amendments to the March prepaid advance agreement and the March Note. The amendments (i) provided consent to the Convertible Notes (as defined below) offering and share repurchase transactions (as described below) and (ii) removed certain prior restrictions on redemption of the March Note before January 1, 2025.

SAFE

In the first fiscal quarter of 2025, Applied Digital Cloud Corporation (“ADCC”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into two SAFE agreements totaling $12.0 million with an investor (the “Investor”). Under the terms of the SAFE agreements, the Investor has the right to certain shares of ADCC’s preferred stock.

If an equity financing transaction is completed by ADCC before the termination of the SAFE agreements, the SAFE agreements will automatically convert into the number of shares of preferred stock equal to the purchase amount divided by the discount price, which will be the lowest price per share of the preferred stock sold in the equity financing transaction multiplied by the discount rate (90%). If there is a liquidity event before the termination of the SAFE agreements, the Investor will automatically be entitled to receive a portion of proceeds, due and payable to the Investor immediately prior to, or concurrent with, the occurrence of such liquidity event, equal to the greater of (i) the purchase amount or (ii) the amount payable on the number of shares of common stock equal to the purchase amount divided by the liquidity price (the price per share equal to the fair market value of the common stock at the time of the liquidity event, as determined by reference to the purchase price payable in connection with such liquidity event, multiplied by the discount rate). If there is a dissolution event before the termination of the SAFE agreements, the Investor will automatically be entitled to receive a portion of proceeds equal to the purchase amount, due and payable to the Investor immediately prior to the occurrence of the dissolution event.

In a liquidity or dissolution event, the SAFE agreements are intended to operate like standard non-participating preferred stock. The Investor’s right to receive the purchase amount is junior to payments for outstanding indebtedness and creditor claims, on par with payments for other SAFE agreements and preferred stock, and senior to payments for common stock. The SAFE agreements will automatically terminate immediately following the earliest to occur of: (i) the issuance of capital stock to the Investor pursuant to the automatic conversion of the SAFE agreements; or (ii) the payment, or setting aside for payment, of amounts due the Investor. The Investor shall have the right, but not the obligation, to purchase up to its Pro Rata Share (the ratio of (i) the purchase amount of the SAFE agreements to (ii) the aggregate purchase amounts of all SAFE agreements issued by ADCC prior to the equity financing transaction) of the securities issued in the equity financing transaction, on the same terms, conditions and pricing afforded to the other investors participating in the equity financing transaction.

The SAFE agreements were accounted in accordance with ASC 480: Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity. Per the SAFE agreements, as the underlying share class has not been issued yet and as such, equity classification cannot be determined based on redemption rights, these agreements were classified as liabilities and included in long-term debt at their face value on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Senior Unsecured Convertible Notes

On November 4, 2024, the Company issued $450.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2.75% Senior Unsecured Convertible Notes due June 2030 (the “Convertible Notes”). The net proceeds from the sale of the Convertible Notes was approximately $435.2 million after deducting the initial purchasers’ discounts and commissions and estimated offering

Table of Contents

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

For the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2024

expenses payable by the Company. The Company used approximately $84 million of the net proceeds from the offering to fund share repurchases of common stock in connection with the offering including (i) $52.7 million to fund the cost of entering into a prepaid forward repurchase transaction (as described below) and (ii) $31.3 million to repurchase shares of common stock with which the Company repurchased approximately 4.3 million shares at $7.36 a share, the stock price on October 30, 2024, the trading day preceding the transaction close. In addition, approximately $51.8 million of the net proceeds from the offering were used to pay the cost of the capped call transactions (as described below) and the remainder of the net proceeds were used for general corporate purposes.

Also on November 4, 2024, the Company entered into an indenture with respect to the Convertible Notes with Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “Indenture”). The Convertible Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and bear interest at a rate of 2.75% per year payable semiannually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on June 1, 2025. The Convertible Notes will mature on June 1, 2030, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased in accordance with terms described below.

Prior to March 1, 2030, the Convertible Notes are convertible only upon the occurrence of certain events. On or after March 1, 2030 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date of the Convertible Notes, holders may convert the Convertible Notes at any time (the “Conversion Option”). The Convertible Notes are convertible into cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock, at the Company’s election, subject to certain restrictions. The initial conversion rate is 102.5431 shares per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $9.75 per share of common stock). The conversion rate is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. In addition, following certain events that occur prior to the maturity date or if the Company delivers a notice of redemption, the Company will increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its Convertible Notes in connection with such corporate event or notice of redemption.

Prior to December 1, 2027, the Company may not redeem the Convertible Notes. On or after December 1, 2027, the Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the Convertible Notes, at its option, if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive), including the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides a notice of redemption, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption. The redemption price will be equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date.

If the Company undergoes a “fundamental change,” as defined in the Indenture, prior to maturity, subject to certain conditions, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their Convertible Notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. The Indenture contains customary terms and covenants, including certain events of default.

In accounting for the issuance of the Convertible Notes, the Conversion Option of the Convertible Notes was deemed an embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the Convertible Notes (the “host contract”) and separate accounting as an embedded derivative liability, resulting from the Company not having the necessary number of authorized but unissued shares of its common stock available to settle the Conversion Option of the Convertible Notes in shares on the date of issuance. The proceeds from the Convertible Notes were first allocated to the embedded derivative liability and the remaining proceeds were then allocated to the host contract. On November 4, 2024, the issuance date, the fair value of the embedded derivative liability representing the Conversion Option was $149.9 million and the remaining $286.6 million was allocated to the host contract. As such, the Company recognized a $13.5 million gain on change in fair value of debt at issuance.

Subsequently, on November 20, 2024, the stockholders of the Company approved an increase to the number of authorized shares of common stock to an amount sufficient to settle the Conversion Option of the Convertible Notes fully in shares. As a result of the increase to the number of authorized shares of common stock, the Company revalued the Conversion Option to its fair value as of November 20, 2024 of $252.9 million and reclassified the embedded derivative to additional

Table of Contents

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

For the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2024

paid-in capital on its unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. In doing so, the Company recognized a $103.0 million loss on change in fair value of debt as of November 20, 2024. This loss combined with the gain recognized at issuance resulted in a total loss on fair value of debt of $89.6 million which is included on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

As of November 30, 2024, the embedded Conversion Option derivative is included in additional paid-in capital in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and is not required to be remeasured provided the requirements to qualify for the scope exception in ASC 815-10-15-74(a) continue to be met.

Prepaid Forward Repurchase Transaction

In connection with the offering of the Convertible Notes, the Company entered into a privately negotiated prepaid forward repurchase transaction (the “Prepaid Forward”) with one of the initial purchasers (the “Forward Counterparty”). Pursuant to the Prepaid Forward and the Indenture, the Company used approximately $52.7 million of the net proceeds from the offering of the Convertible Notes to fund the Prepaid Forward. The initial aggregate number of shares of common stock underlying the Prepaid Forward was approximately 7.2 million shares of common stock. The maturity date for the Prepaid Forward is November 3, 2025, although it may be settled earlier in whole or in part.

As of November 30, 2024, the purchase price of the Prepaid Forward is included in additional paid-in capital in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and is not required to be remeasured provided the requirements to qualify for the scope exception in ASC 815-10-15-74(a) continue to be met.

Capped Call Transaction

In connection with the offering of the Convertible Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (the “Base Capped Call Transactions”) with certain financial institutions (the “Option Counterparties”). In addition, in connection with the initial purchasers’ exercise of their option to purchase additional Convertible Notes, the Company entered into additional capped call transactions (the “Additional Capped Call Transactions,” and, together with the Base Capped Call Transactions, the “Capped Call Transactions”) with each of the Option Counterparties. The Company used approximately $51.8 million of the net proceeds from the offering of the Convertible Notes to pay the cost of the Capped Call Transactions.

The Capped Call Transactions cover, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments, the aggregate number of shares of common stock that initially underlie the Convertible Notes, and are expected generally to reduce potential dilution to the common stock upon any conversion of the Convertible Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Convertible Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap, based on the cap price of the Capped Call Transactions, which is defined as $14.72. The Capped Call Transactions are separate transactions entered into by the Company and are not part of the terms of the Convertible Notes.

As of November 30, 2024, the purchase price of the Capped Call Transaction is included in additional paid-in capital in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and is not required to be remeasured provided the requirements to qualify for the scope exception in ASC 815-10-15-74(a) continue to be met.

Macquarie Promissory Note

On November 27, 2024, APLD ELN-02 Holdings LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a promissory note with Macquarie Equipment Capital, Inc. (the “Macquarie Promissory Note”). The Macquarie Promissory Note provides for a loan of $150 million and matures on the earlier of (i) the date of acceleration of the loan or (ii) May 27, 2026. However, to the extent that the ELN-02 Project (as defined therein) is not completed by December 6, 2025, the Company must repay the full outstanding principal balance of the Macquarie Promissory Note together with accrued interest and any other amounts then due and payable. Additionally, the Macquarie Promissory Note has a multiple on invested capital (“MOIC”) of (i) 1.11 to 1.00 if such prepayment occurs on or prior to the date that is four months after the closing date, (ii) 1.20 to 1.00 if such prepayment occurs after the date that is four months after the closing date but on or prior to the date that is seven months after the closing date, or (iii) 1.35 to 1.00 if such prepayment occurs after the date that is seven months after the closing date. The same 1.35x return hurdle applies to repayment at maturity. The Company

Table of Contents

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

For the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2024

anticipates repaying the Macquarie Promissory Note at maturity and as such, has recorded a MOIC liability of $16.5 million, representing the value of the MOIC liability as of the quarter ended November 30, 2024. Proceeds of the loan under the Macquarie Promissory Note were used, in part, to repay in full and terminate the CIM Promissory Note. Commensurate with the use of proceeds associated with construction from the Macquarie Promissory Note, the Company will capitalize approximately 90% of the interest expense recognized each period. Additionally, proceeds were used to satisfy remaining obligations of the Company under the March Note.

As partial consideration for the Macquarie Promissory Note, the Company issued warrants (the “Macquarie Warrants”) to purchase up to 1,035,197 shares of common stock. The Macquarie Warrants will be exercisable from and after the date that is six months following the date of issuance thereof and will have a five and one-half-year term and an exercise price of $9.66 per share, which exercise price must be paid in cash.

The Macquarie Warrants were measured at fair value using a Black-Scholes Option Pricing model. Inherent in pricing models are assumptions related to expected share-price volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate and dividend yield, which are considered Level 3 inputs. The estimated fair value of the Macquarie Warrants was based on the following significant inputs:


	Macquarie Warrants
Contractual term	5.5 years

Volatility	95	%
Risk-free rate	4.08	%
Dividend yield	—	%

The fair value of the Macquarie Warrants was $7.38 per warrant, totaling $7.6 million which was recorded as additional paid-in capital on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company deferred the recognition of the fair value of the Macquarie Warrants as a reduction in the net carrying amount of the Macquarie Promissory Note and subsequently will amortize this balance into interest expense or CIP, as noted above, using the effective interest rate method.

7. Stockholders' Equity

Common Stock

Increases In Authorized Shares

On June 11, 2024, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment (the “Certificate of Amendment”) to its Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended (the “Articles of Incorporation”). Pursuant to the Certificate of Amendment, the number of authorized shares of common stock was increased to 300,000,000. The Certificate of Amendment became effective upon filing on June 11, 2024.

Additionally, on November 20, 2024, the Company filed an amendment to its Articles of Incorporation, increasing the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance to 400,000,000 shares and the number of shares of preferred stock authorized for issuance to 10,000,000 shares.

Roth Capital Partners LLC

On May 6, 2024, the Company began sales of common stock under an "at the market" sale agreement with Roth Capital Partners, LLC pursuant to which the Company could sell up to $25 million in aggregate proceeds of common stock. During the quarter ended August 31, 2024, the Company sold approximately 3.1 million shares for net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million with commission and legal fees related to the issuance of approximately $0.5 million. As of August 31, 2024, this offering was completed.

At-the-Market Sales Agreement

On July 9, 2024, the Company entered into a Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with B. Riley Securities, Inc., BTIG, LLC, Lake Street Capital Markets, LLC, Northland Securities, Inc. and Roth Capital Partners, LLC (collectively, the

Table of Contents

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

For the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2024

“Agents”), pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time, through the Agents, up to $125,000,000 in shares of the Company’s common stock. During the fiscal quarter ended August 31, 2024, approximately 3.0 million shares of the Company’s common stock has been issued and sold under the Sales Agreement for proceeds of $16.4 million net of issuance costs of $0.5 million. On October 30, 2024, the Company terminated its Sales Agreement with the Agents.

Standby Equity Purchase Agreement ("SEPA")

On August 28, 2024, the Company entered into the SEPA with YA Fund, which was amended on August 29, 2024. Pursuant to the SEPA, subject to certain conditions and limitations, the Company has the option, but not the obligation, to sell to YA Fund, and YA Fund must subscribe for, an aggregate amount of up to $250.0 million of common stock, at the Company’s request any time during the commitment period commencing on September 30, 2024, and terminating on October 1, 2027.

In connection with the execution of the SEPA, the Company agreed to pay a structuring fee (in cash) to YA Fund in the amount of $25,000. Additionally, the Company agreed to pay a commitment fee of $2,125,000 to YA Fund, (the Commitment Fee”), in the form of 456,287 shares of common stock (the “Commitment Shares”), representing $2,125,000 divided by the average of the daily VWAPs of the common stock during the three trading days immediately prior to the date of the SEPA. On October 16, 2024, the Company entered into a letter agreement with YA Fund, whereby the Company agreed to satisfy its obligations with respect to the Commitment Fee in cash by increasing the principal amount due under the March Note in an equivalent amount, instead of issuing the Commitment Shares. The Commitment Fee has been paid in full subsequent to November 30, 2024 as part of the repayment by the Company of the March Note.

Pursuant to the SEPA, the Company agreed to file a registration statement with the SEC for the resale under the Securities Act by YA Fund of the common stock issued under the SEPA. The Company shall not have the ability to request any advances under the SEPA until such resale registration statement is declared effective by the SEC. As of the date of this report, the Company has not filed such a registration statement.

Private Placement

On September 5, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with a group of institutional and accredited investors, NVIDIA and Related Companies, for the private placement (the “Private Placement”) of 49,382,720 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, at a purchase price of $3.24 per share, representing the last closing price of the common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on September 4, 2024. During the quarter ended November 30, 2024, the Private Placement closed with aggregate gross proceeds to the Company of approximately $160 million, before deducting offering expenses.

Equity Plans

2024 Plan

On October 8, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the Applied Digital Corporation 2024 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the “2024 Plan”), which the Company’s stockholders approved on November 20, 2024. The 2024 Plan provides for grants of various equity awards for eligible employees, officers, non-employee directors and other service providers. Upon stockholder approval of the 2024 Plan, the Plans (as defined below) were terminated; provided that all awards (as defined in the Plans) outstanding under the 2022 Incentive Plan and the 2022 Non-Employee Director Stock Plan shall continue in effect in accordance with their terms. As of November 30, 2024, there were no awards granted under the 2024 Plan.

2022 Plans

On October 9, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) approved two equity incentive plans, which the Company’s stockholders approved on January 20, 2022. The two plans consist of the 2022 Incentive Plan, previously referred to in the Company’s SEC filings as the 2021 Incentive Plan (the “Incentive Plan”), which provides for grants of various equity awards to the Company’s employees and consultants, and the 2022 Non-Employee Director Stock Plan previously referred to in the Company’s SEC filings as the 2021 Non-Employee Director Stock Plan (the “Director Plan” and, together with the Incentive Plan, the “Plans”), which provides for grants of restricted stock to non-employee directors and for deferral of cash and stock compensation if such deferral provisions are activated at a future date.

Table of Contents

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

For the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2024

As of November 30, 2024, the Company had issued awards of approximately 20.4 million shares of common stock of the Company under the Plans. The Company recognized $3.5 million and $0.5 million of stock based compensation during the three and six months ended November 30, 2024, respectively, and $4.8 million and $10.4 million during the three and six months ended November 30, 2023, respectively. During the three months ended August 31, 2024, the Board determined that the performance criteria associated with certain performance stock units granted to certain executives in the third fiscal quarter of 2024 were not met. As such, 2.8 million performance stock unit awards were cancelled and the Company recognized a reversal of the expense previously recognized for the awards of approximately $6.0 million.

Restricted Stock Awards

The following is a summary of the activity and balances for unvested restricted stock awards granted for the six months ended November 30, 2024:


	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Outstanding as of May 31, 2024	638,895	$	4.01
Granted	—	—
Vested	(142,565)	4.96
Forfeited	—	—
Outstanding as of November 30, 2024	496,330	$	3.73

As of November 30, 2024, total remaining expense to be recognized related to these awards was $1.4 million and the weighted average remaining recognition period for the unvested awards was 2.1 years.

Restricted Stock Units

The following is a summary of the activity and balances for unvested restricted stock units granted during the six months ended November 30, 2024:


	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Outstanding as of May 31, 2024	8,355,080	$	3.58
Granted	3,823,550	6.44
Vested	(1,419,102)	5.07
Forfeited	(3,659,213)	2.27
Outstanding as of November 30, 2024	7,100,315	$	5.50

As of November 30, 2024, total remaining expense to be recognized related to these awards was $33.9 million and the weighted average remaining recognition period for the unvested awards was 2.2 years.

8. Temporary Equity

Preferred Stock

Series E Redeemable Preferred Stock

During the six months ended November 30, 2024, the Company closed on four offerings of the Series E Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series E Preferred Stock”). The Company sold total shares of 301,673 for proceeds of $6.9 million net of issuance costs of $0.6 million.

The shares of Series E Preferred Stock have no voting or conversion rights. Holders of the Series E Preferred Stock are entitled to receive cumulative dividends at a fixed rate of 9.0% per annum. Dividends are calculated based on a 360-day year, declared and accrued monthly, and payable at the discretion of the Board of Directors out of legally available funds. Dividends must be fully paid for all past periods before any distributions can be made to common stockholders or any junior series of equity securities. During the three and six months ended November 30, 2024, the Company declared and

Table of Contents

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

For the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2024

paid approximately $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, of dividends related to Series E Preferred Stock as presented on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Series E Preferred Stock ranks senior to all classes of common stock and junior to all existing and future debt of the Company. Additionally, it is on parity with any future series of preferred stock with substantially identical terms but may rank junior to any future series of preferred stock if the holders of such series are entitled to rights and preferences with priority over the holders of the Series E Preferred Stock. In the event of liquidation, holders are entitled to receive $25.00 per share (the “Series E Stated Value”) plus any accrued but unpaid dividends before any distributions are made to common stockholders. The Series E Preferred Stock has no stated maturity and remains outstanding indefinitely unless redeemed or repurchased by the Company.

Holders may require the Company to redeem any portion of their Series E Preferred Stock at any time for a "Settlement Amount" calculated as the Series E Stated Value plus any unpaid dividends, less a Holder Optional Redemption Fee, equal to a percentage of the Series E Stated Value based on the year when the redemption occurs as follows: 9.00% prior to the first anniversary of the respective tranche closing date (the "Original Issuance Date"); 7.00% on or after the first anniversary but prior to the second anniversary of the Original Issuance Date; 5.00% on or after the second anniversary but prior to the third anniversary of the Original Issuance Date: and 0.00% on or after the third anniversary of the Original Issuance Date. The Settlement Amount can be settled in cash or shares of common stock, subject to a share cap, which limits the total shares deliverable upon redemption to 19.99% of the common stock outstanding prior to the Series E Preferred Stock offering (25,475,751 shares, the “Share Cap”). Any portion of the Settlement Amount exceeding this cap will be settled in cash.

The Company may also redeem shares of Series E Preferred Stock after the second anniversary of the original issuance date, with a minimum notice of 10 days, at the Company Optional Redemption Settlement Amount, which is equal to the Series E Stated Value per share plus any unpaid and accrued dividends. If the Company elects to pay the redemption amount in shares, then the number of shares to be delivered will be calculated as the Company Optional Redemption Settlement Amount divided by the closing price per share of the common stock on the date of the Company Optional Redemption exercise, subject to the Share Cap.

The Series E Preferred Stock offering was terminated on August 9, 2024.

Series F Convertible Preferred Stock

On August 29, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement for the private placement of 53,191 shares of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series F Convertible Preferred Stock”), including 3,191 shares representing an original issue discount of 6%. The transaction closed on August 30, 2024, for total proceeds of $50.0 million, prior to fees paid to Northland Securities, Inc. for their role as placement agent in an amount equal to 3.5% of the total proceeds.

The shares of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock are convertible into shares of common stock only upon the receipt of shareholder approval, which was received on November 20, 2024. Holders of the Series F Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to cumulative dividends at an annual rate of 8.0% of the stated value of $1,000 per share (the “Series F Stated Value”), payable quarterly in arrears. Dividends are calculated based on a 360-day year, declared and accrued quarterly, and payable at the discretion of the Board of Directors out of legally available funds. Dividends must be fully paid for all past periods before any distributions can be made to common stockholders or any junior series of equity securities. During the three and six months ended November 30, 2024, the Company declared and paid approximately $0.4 million, respectively, of dividends related to the Series F Convertible Preferred Stock as presented on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Series F Convertible Preferred Stock ranks senior to all classes of common stock and junior to all existing and future debt of the Company. In the event of liquidation, holders are entitled to receive the Series F Stated Value plus any accrued but unpaid dividends before any distributions are made to common stockholders. Series F Convertible Preferred Stock is on parity with the Series E Preferred Stock, Series E-1 Preferred Stock and any future series of preferred stock with substantially identical terms. Upon the receipt of shareholder approval on November 20, 2024, the Series F Convertible

Table of Contents

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

For the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2024

Preferred Stock votes on an as-converted basis, subject to a cap equal to the greater of (x) the conversion price then in effect or (y) $4.0638.

Holders have the right to require the Company to redeem the Series F Convertible Preferred Stock under certain conditions, including a Change of Control or Trading Failure, each as defined in the Series F Convertible Preferred Stock certificate of designation. If there is a Change of Control, the redemption price is the greater of the Series F Stated Value or the amount that would have been received if the Series F Convertible Preferred Stock had been converted into common stock immediately prior to the redemption event. If there is a Trading Failure, the redemption price is the greater of the Series F Stated Value or the product of the lowest conversion price during the period beginning on the date immediately preceding the Trading Failure and ending on the date the holder delivers a Redemption Notice, multiplied by the number of shares of common stock into which the preferred stock is convertible at the then-effective conversion price. Additionally, holders have a one-time right to require the Company to redeem their shares between December 31, 2024, and January 10, 2025 in which case the redemption price is the Series F Stated Value.

Further, upon receipt of shareholder approval of the conversion feature of the Series F Convertible Preferred Stock, which approval was received on November 20, 2024, if the VWAP for any 20 Trading Days during any 30 consecutive trading day period, beginning with the original issuance date of the applicable preferred stock, exceeds two hundred percent (200%) of the conversion price then in effect, the Company may, at any time cause the holder to convert all or part of the holder’s preferred stock.

During the three months ended November 30, 2024, 10,191 shares of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock were converted into approximately 1.5 million shares of the Company’s common stock. Subsequent to the quarter end, the remaining 43,000 shares of the Series F Convertible Preferred Stock were converted into approximately 6.1 million shares of the Company’s common stock.

Series E-1 Preferred Stock

On September 23, 2024, the Company entered into a dealer manager agreement for the offering of up to 62,500 shares of Series E-1 Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Series E-1 Preferred Stock”), at a price per share of $1,000 (the “Series E-1 Stated Value”). During the three months ended November 30, 2024, the Company closed on two offerings of the Series E-1 Preferred Stock in which the Company issued and sold 6,359 shares for gross proceeds of $6.4 million. The Series E-1 Preferred Stock offering remains ongoing as of the date of this report.

The shares of Series E-1 Preferred Stock have no voting or conversion rights. Holders of the Series E-1 Preferred Stock are entitled to receive cumulative dividends at a fixed rate of 9.0% per annum of the Series E-1 Stated Value. Dividends are calculated based on a 360-day year, declared and accrued monthly, and payable at the discretion of the Board of Directors out of legally available funds. Dividends on the shares of Series E-1 Preferred Stock must be fully paid for all past periods before any distributions can be made to common stockholders or any junior series of equity securities. During the three and six months ended November 30, 2024, the Company declared and paid approximately $48,000 of dividends related to the Series E-1 Preferred Stock as presented on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Series E-1 Preferred Stock ranks senior to all classes or series of common stock and junior to all existing and future debt of the Company. Additionally, the Series E-1 Preferred Stock is on parity with the Series E Preferred Stock, the Series F Convertible Preferred Stock and any future series of preferred stock with substantially identical terms but may rank junior to any future series of preferred stock if the holders of such series are entitled to rights and preferences with priority over the holders of the Series E-1 Preferred Stock. In the event of liquidation, holders of the Series E-1 Preferred Stock and holders of shares of any other class or series of capital stock ranking senior to or on a parity with the Series E-1 Preferred Stock, are entitled to receive an amount per share equal to the Series E-1 Stated Value plus an amount per share that is issuable as a result of any accrued but unpaid dividends before any distributions are made to common stockholders. The Series E-1 Preferred Stock has no stated maturity and remains outstanding indefinitely unless redeemed or repurchased by the Company.

Holders may require the Company to redeem any portion of their Series E-1 Preferred Stock at any time for a "Settlement Amount" calculated as the Series E-1 Stated Value plus any unpaid dividends, less a Holder Optional Redemption Fee

Table of Contents

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

For the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2024

equal to a percentage of the Series E-1 Stated Value based on the year when the redemption occurs as follows: 9.00% prior to the first anniversary of the respective tranche closing date (the "Original Issuance Date"); 7.00% on or after the first anniversary but prior to the second anniversary of the Original Issuance Date; 5.00% on or after the second anniversary but prior to the third anniversary of the Original Issuance Date: and —% on or after the third anniversary of the Original Issuance Date. The Settlement Amount can be settled in cash or shares of common stock at the sole option of the Company, subject to a share cap (if required by Nasdaq rules and regulations), which limits the total shares deliverable upon redemption to 19.99% of the common stock outstanding immediately prior to the Series E-1 Preferred Stock offering (25,889,470 shares, the “Share Cap”), unless approval by the Company’s stockholders is obtained to exceed the Share Cap. Any portion of the Settlement Amount exceeding this cap will be settled in cash. Holders may not redeem any shares of Series E-1 Preferred Stock for common stock prior to the first anniversary of the Original Issuance Date.

The Company may also redeem shares of the Series E-1 Preferred Stock after the second anniversary of the Original Issuance Date, with a minimum notice of 10 days, at a redemption price equal to the Series E-1 Stated Value plus any accrued but unpaid dividends. If the Company elects to pay the redemption amount in shares, then the number of shares to be delivered will be calculated as the Settlement Amount divided by the closing price per share of the common stock on the last trading day prior to the date upon which notice was provided to the holder, subject to the Share Cap, if applicable.

9. Leases

From time to time, the Company enters into leases for equipment, office space and co-location space. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. The Company presents operating and finance right of use assets and liabilities separately on the balance sheet as their own captions, with the liabilities split between current and long-term, respectively.

Components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Operating lease cost:
Operating lease expense	$	8,941	$	2,486	$	17,882	$	2,970
Short-term lease expense	39		80		60		207
Total operating lease cost	8,980		2,566		17,942		3,177
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of right-of-use assets(1)	23,381		10,860		54,651		16,490
Interest on lease liabilities	4,923		1,659		9,279		2,741
Total finance lease cost	28,304		12,519		63,930		19,231
Variable lease cost	62		40		117		77
Sublease Income	—		(24)		—		(47)
Total net lease cost	$	37,346	$	15,101	$	81,989	$	22,438

(1) Amortization of right-of-use assets is included within cost of revenues and selling, general and administrative expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Table of Contents

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

For the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2024

The following table represents the Company’s future minimum lease payments as of November 30, 2024:


	Operating Leases		Finance Leases		Total
Remainder of FY25	$	15,609	$	70,935	$	86,544
FY26	32,035		143,804		175,839
FY27	32,697		14		32,711
FY28	33,453		1		33,454
FY29	25,240		—		25,240
Thereafter	3,536		—		3,536
Total lease payments	142,570		214,754		357,324
Less: imputed interest	(21,653)		(15,846)		(37,499)
Total lease liabilities	120,917		198,908		319,825
Less: Current portion of lease liability	(23,096)		(136,511)		(159,607)
Long-term portion of lease liability	$	97,821	$	62,397	$	160,218

Supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases is as follows:


	Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Weighted-average years remaining (in years):
Finance leases	3.6 years		5.5 years
Operating leases	3.2 years		5.7 years

Weighted-average discount rate:
Finance leases	10.2	%	8.8	%
Operating leases	7.8	%	7.9	%

The Company has entered into leases which are executed but not yet commenced with total minimum payments of approximately $18.9 million. The payments are for various leases with terms of 2 years.

10. Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

Energy Contracts

As of November 30, 2024, the Company had a minimum commitment of approximately $61.1 million related to the energy services agreement for its Jamestown, North Dakota co-hosting facility payable over, approximately, the next 2.2 years.

Construction Contracts

The Company routinely engages with construction vendors for the construction of our facilities. These engagements are governed by contracts containing standard terms and conditions, including certain milestones that obligate the Company to pay as work is completed. In the event of termination of any of these contracts by the Company, the Company would be liable for all work that has been completed or in process, plus any applicable fees. The Company generally has the right to cancel these open purchase orders prior to delivery or terminate the contracts without cause.

Claims and Litigation

From time to time, the Company may be involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of operations in the normal course of business.

Table of Contents

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

For the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2024

McConnell v. Applied Digital Corporation, et al., Case No. 3:23-cv-1805, filed in August 2023 in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas (the “Securities Lawsuit”). Specifically, the complaint asserts claims pursuant to Section 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 based on allegedly false or misleading statements regarding the company’s business, operations, and compliance policies, including claims that the Company overstated the profitability of its Data Center Hosting Business and its ability to successfully transition into a low-cost cloud services provider and that the Company’s board of directors was not “independent” within the meaning of Nasdaq listing rules. On May 22, 2024, the court appointed lead plaintiff and approved lead counsel, and on July 22, 2024, Lead Plaintiff filed an amended complaint which asserts the same claims based on similar allegations in the original complaint. On September 20, 2024, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint. On November 20, 2024, Lead Plaintiff filed his opposition to the Motion to Dismiss.

The Company is unable to estimate a range of loss, if any, that could result were there to be an adverse final decision in the Securities Lawsuit. If an unfavorable action were to occur, it is possible that the impact could be material to the Company’s results of operations in the period(s) in which any such outcome becomes probable and estimable.

On November 15, 2023, a derivative action was filed in the matter styled, Weich v. Cummins, et al., Case No. A-23-881629-C in the District Court of Clark County, Nevada (the “Derivative Lawsuit”). The Weich complaint named as defendants certain members of the Company’s Board of Directors and its Chief Executive Officer Wesley Cummins and purports to name the Company’s then Chief Financial Officer David Rench as a defendant. The complaint asserted claims for breach of fiduciary duties, corporate waste and unjust enrichment based upon allegations that the defendants caused or allowed the Company to make materially false and misleading statements regarding the Company’s business, operations, and compliance policies. Specifically, the complaint alleged that the Company overstated the profitability of the Data Center Hosting Business and its ability to successfully transition into a low-cost cloud services provider and that the Board was not “independent” within the meaning of Nasdaq listing rules. On February 27, 2024, the derivative plaintiff filed an amended complaint asserting the same claims as the original complaint.

On June 5, 2024, following briefing and argument on the defendants’ motion to dismiss the Derivative Lawsuit, the Court entered an order granting the defendants’ motion without prejudice and dismissing all claims against all defendants, including the Company, on the grounds that the plaintiff failed to plead (1) demand futility as to each of plaintiff’s claims or (2) a claim for breach of fiduciary duty. The order dismissed all claims against all defendants, including the Company. The plaintiff can seek leave to file an amended complaint but to date has not done so.

The Company is unable to estimate a range of loss, if any, that could result were there to be an adverse final decision in this action. If an unfavorable action were to occur, it is possible that the impact could be material to the Company’s results of operations in the period(s) in which any such outcome becomes probable and estimable.

As of November 30, 2024, there were no other pending or threatened lawsuits that could reasonably be expected to have a material effect on the results of the Company’s consolidated operations. There are also no legal proceedings in which any of the Company’s management or affiliates is an adverse party or has a material interest adverse to the Company’s interest.

Garden City Release of Escrow Funds

On July 30, 2024, the Company announced that it had met the conditional approval requirements related to the release of the escrowed funds from the sale of its Garden City hosting facility. As of the date of this report, the Company has received the remaining $25 million of the purchase price held in escrow pending such conditional approval which was included in gain on classification of held for sale in its unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Table of Contents

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

For the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2024

11. Business Segments

Revenue by segment (excluding HPC hosting as that segment has no revenue) was as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Data center hosting segment	$	36,163	$	37,753	$	71,012	$	71,925
Cloud services segment	27,705		4,450		53,560		6,602

Total revenue	$	63,868	$	42,203	$	124,572	$	78,527

Segment profit (loss) and a reconciliation to net loss before income tax expenses is as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Segment profit (loss)
Data center hosting segment (1)	$	12,550	$	10,896	$	48,401	$	19,897
Cloud services segment	(5,810)		(11,559)		(21,620)		(18,964)
HPC hosting segment	(5,839)		(908)		(8,784)		(1,662)
Total segment profit (loss)	901		(1,571)		17,997		(729)
Other (2)	(19,516)		(6,341)		(27,128)		(14,551)
Operating loss	(18,615)		(7,912)		(9,131)		(15,280)
Interest expense, net	7,482		2,617		14,790		4,750
Loss on conversion of debt	25,410		—		33,612		—
Loss on change in fair value of debt	87,218		—		85,439		—

Loss on debt extinguishment	—		—		—		2,353
Net loss before income tax expenses	$	(138,725)	$	(10,529)	$	(142,972)	$	(22,383)

(1)The six months ended November 30, 2024 includes a $25 million gain on classification of held for sale related to the satisfaction of a contingency associated with the sale of the Garden City facility.

(2)Other includes corporate related items not allocated to reportable segments.

We also provide the following additional segment disclosures (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Depreciation and amortization:
Data center hosting segment	$	3,298	$	4,365	$	6,657	$	7,564
Cloud services segment	21,733		8,782		51,951		13,290
HPC hosting segment	1,353		184		2,074		311
Other (1)	61		93		124		119
Total depreciation and amortization (2)	$	26,445	$	13,424	$	60,806	$	21,284

(1)Other includes corporate related items not allocated to reportable segments.

(2)Includes amortization of the finance lease right-of-use assets.

Table of Contents

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

For the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2024

Information on segment assets and a reconciliation to consolidated assets are as follows (in thousands):


	November 30, 2024		May 31, 2024
Data center hosting segment	$	140,809	$	145,222
Cloud services segment	389,898		374,216
HPC hosting segment	717,131		220,648
Total segment assets	1,247,838		740,086
Other (1)	295,331		22,781
Total assets	$	1,543,169	$	762,867

(1) Other includes corporate related items not allocated to reportable segments.

12. Earnings Per Share

Basic net income (loss) per share (“EPS”) of common stock is computed by dividing a company’s net earnings (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if the securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity.

Potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. The table below shows the calculation for earnings per share:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Net loss	$	(138,726)	$	(10,529)	$	(142,973)	$	(22,383)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	—		—		—		(397)
Preferred dividends	$	(629)	$	—	$	(673)	$	—
Net loss attributable to Common Stockholders	$	(139,355)	$	(10,529)	$	(143,646)	$	(21,986)

Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders	$	(0.66)	$	(0.10)	$	(0.80)	$	(0.21)
Basic and diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding	209,560,339		109,663,030		179,119,398		105,067,375

As of November 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company had approximately 7.6 million and 8.5 million shares, respectively, of granted but unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units that would have a potentially dilutive effect on earnings per share.

As of November 30, 2024, the Company had approximately 7.5 million shares associated with the Preferred Stock which have been excluded from the calculation of earnings per share because the effect of those shares would be antidilutive. Additionally, the Company had approximately 6.3 million warrants outstanding as of November 30, 2024, which have been excluded from the calculations of earnings per share because the effect of those shares would be antidilutive.

13. Subsequent Events

Unit Purchase Agreement

On January 13, 2025, APLD HPC Holdings LLC (“APLDH”), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a Unit Purchase Agreement (the “Unit Purchase Agreement” or “UPA”) for its HPC Hosting Business with MIP VI HPC Holdings, LLC, which is an affiliate of funds and investment vehicles managed by entities within Macquarie Asset Management (“MAM”). Pursuant to the terms of the UPA, MAM will invest up to $900 million to fund the equity portion of the construction costs for the Company’s 400 MW Ellendale, North Dakota datacenter campus (the “Ellendale Campus”), with the initial investment of $225 million payable at closing, and the remaining $675 million payable in

Table of Contents

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

For the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2024

increments of $2.25 million for each executed lease of 1 MW of capacity. MAM also has a right to invest up to an additional $4.1 billion in future HPC development projects. MAM will receive preferred and common units for its investment. The common units represent fifteen percent (15%) of APLDH’s fully diluted common equity. The preferred units will accrue a dividend at a rate of 12.75% per annum, paid in stock or cash, at APLDH’s election, which will increase by 87.5 basis points on the fifth and sixth anniversaries of the closing, if still outstanding, and will carry a minimum 1.80x multiple of invested capital liquidation preference, inclusive of the value of the common equity. The closing is conditioned upon, among other things, APLDH executing a lease with a hyperscaler for the first 100 MW on the Ellendale Campus, in a form acceptable to MAM, the parties finalizing and executing a limited liability company agreement for APLDH (the “LLCA”), for the Company and APLDH to carry out an internal restructuring to segregate the HPC Hosting Business’ assets and liabilities before closing, as well as other customary closing conditions.

In addition, the Unit Purchase Agreement provides for the Company to issue to MAM at closing two warrants to purchase 4,458,069 shares each, for a total of 8,916,138 shares of the Company’s common stock at the exercise price of $8.29 per share. The common shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants are subject to customary registration rights pursuant to a registration rights agreement to be executed and delivered at closing. The LLCA is expected to contain customary provisions for transactions of this nature, including, for example, co-sale rights, transfer restrictions, governance rights, redemption rights, forced sale rights, and step-in rights.

Other than the event described above and the events described in Note 6 - Debt, Note 7 - Stockholders' Equity and Note 8 - Temporary Equity, there are no additional subsequent events through the date of issuance of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements which require adjustment or disclosure.

Table of Contents

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. You can identify these forward-looking statements through our use of words such as “will,” “may,” “can,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “should,” “indicate,” “would,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “expect,” “seek,” “estimate,” “continue,” “plan,” “point to,” “project,” “predict,” “could,” “intend,” “target,” “potential” and other similar words and expressions of the future. Statements that contain these words and other statements that are forward-looking in nature should be read carefully because they discuss future expectations, contain projections of future results of operations or of financial positions, or state other “forward-looking” information.

These statements are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions, which are based on currently available information. Our actual results, and the assumptions on which we relied, could prove materially different from our expectations. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Except as otherwise may be required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events or actual operating results. There are a number of important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statement made by us. These factors include, but are not limited to:

•our ability to complete construction of the Ellendale HPC data center;

•availability of financing to continue to grow our business;

•labor and other workforce shortages and challenges;

•power or other supply disruptions and equipment failures;

•our dependence on principal customers, including our ability to execute leases with key customers;

•the addition or loss of significant customers or material changes to our relationships with these customers;

•delays or denials of entitlements or permits, including zoning, siting, utility and other permits, or other delays resulting from requirements of public agencies and utility companies;

•our sensitivity to general economic conditions including changes in disposable income levels and consumer spending trends;

•our ability to timely and successfully build new hosting facilities with the appropriate contractual margins and efficiencies;

•our ability to continue to grow sales in our hosting business;

•volatility of cryptoasset prices; and

•uncertainties of cryptoasset regulation policy.

You should carefully review the risks described in Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2024, which was filed with the SEC on August 30, 2024, as supplemented by the Risk Factors included in Exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 5, 2024, as well as any other cautionary language in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as the occurrence of any of these events could have an adverse effect, which may be material, on our business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors and uncertainties, nor are we able to assess the impact of all of these risk factors on our business or the extent to which any risk factor, or combination of risk factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. These risks are not exhaustive.

Executive Overview

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other financial information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Business Overview

We are a U.S. designer, developer, and operator of next-generation digital infrastructure across North America. We provide digital infrastructure solutions and Cloud services to the rapidly growing industries of High-Performance Computing

Table of Contents

("HPC") and Artificial Intelligence ("AI"). We operate in three distinct business segments, Blockchain data center hosting (the "Data Center Hosting Business"), cloud services through a wholly-owned subsidiary (the "Cloud Services Business") and HPC data center hosting (the "HPC Hosting Business"), as further discussed below.

Trends and Other Factors Affecting Our Business

Regulatory Environment

The regulatory landscape surrounding HPC, cloud, and blockchain hosting services is evolving rapidly, and we anticipate increased scrutiny and potential regulation in the near and long term. These developments may significantly impact our business and operations in ways that are difficult to predict.

In the realm of cloud computing, there are growing concerns about the ethical implications and potential misuse of these technologies, particularly in association with AI and machine learning. Governments and regulatory bodies are considering measures to ensure the responsible development and deployment of AI systems, including transparency, accountability, and fairness guidelines.

The amount of energy used for crypto mining and co-location services has recently received increased attention. In January 2024, the U.S. Energy Information Administration conducted an emergency survey of electricity consumption data from cryptocurrency mining companies in the U.S. This indicates that more focus is being placed on the energy usage of these activities. It is unclear how the information collected will be used for future regulations, but it is expected that energy efficiency and sustainability will become more critical factors regulating this industry.

Furthermore, using digital assets, including Bitcoin, in illicit financial activities has become a significant concern for regulators and lawmakers. Leaders in the U.S. House Financial Services Committee and U.S. Senate Banking Committee expressed interest in passing legislation to provide additional regulatory authority to address these risks. The U.S. Treasury Department has also requested additional authorities to combat using digital assets in illegal activities. While there is currently insufficient support for any particular proposal, we expect that regulatory efforts in this area will continue to evolve and potentially impact our business.

We also closely follow developments related to regulating digital asset markets and financial services. In January 2024, the SEC approved a series of spot Bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs), marking a significant milestone in the mainstream adoption of digital assets. However, the regulatory landscape for digital asset markets remains complex and uncertain, with various agencies and lawmakers proposing different approaches to oversight and regulation.

As a company operating at the intersection of data center, cloud and HPC hosting services, we are committed to maintaining a proactive and adaptive approach to regulatory compliance. We closely monitor legislative and regulatory developments and engage in dialogue with relevant stakeholders to ensure our business practices align with the evolving legal and regulatory framework. Despite the uncertainties posed by the changing regulatory landscape, we remain committed to delivering innovative and responsible solutions in the data center, cloud and HPC hosting markets while prioritizing compliance and risk management. However, if we fail to comply with applicable laws and regulations, we may be subject to significant liabilities, including fines and penalties, and our business, financial condition, or results of operations could be adversely affected.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). In connection with the preparation of our financial statements, we are required to make assumptions and estimates about future events and apply judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and the related disclosures. We base our assumptions, estimates and judgments on historical experience, current trends and other factors that management believes to be relevant at the time our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared. On a regular basis, management reviews the accounting policies, assumptions, estimates and judgments to ensure that our financial statements are presented fairly and in accordance with GAAP. However, because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such differences could be material. Our critical accounting estimates are identified and described in our annual consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.

Table of Contents

Business Update

Data Center Hosting Business

Our Data Center Hosting Business operates data centers to provide energized space to crypto mining customers.

As of November 30, 2024, our 106 MW facility in Jamestown, North Dakota and our 180 MW facility in Ellendale, North Dakota continue to operate at full capacity.

Cloud Services Business

Our Cloud Services Business provides high-performance computing power for artificial intelligence and machine learning applications. We believe that the pipeline to grow this segment remains robust. Near the end of the fiscal year 2024, equipment began generating revenue resulting in us recognizing $27.7 million and $53.6 million from this business segment during the three and six months ended November 30, 2024, respectively. We currently operate our Cloud Services Business in four states: Colorado, Minnesota, Nevada and Utah, by renting space at third party colocation centers and providing our customers with Company-owned equipment to generate revenue. As of November 30, 2024, this business segment had two customers and generated 43% of total revenue for the fiscal quarter ended November 30, 2024.

During the three months ended November 30, 2024, we renegotiated the majority of our computing equipment finance leases in the Cloud Services Business. As a result of the negotiations, we extended the amortization period on these computing equipment finance leases to 5 years, which is better aligned with their expected useful life. We anticipate commensurately reduced amortization expense in this segment going forward.

HPC Hosting Business

Our HPC Hosting Business designs, builds, and operates next-generation data centers, which are being designed to provide massive computing power and support to HPC applications within a cost-effective model. During the prior fiscal year, we broke ground on our first 100 MW HPC facility in Ellendale, North Dakota. The new 369,000-square-foot building is expected to provide ultra-low cost and highly efficient liquid-cooled infrastructure for HPC applications.

We continue negotiations with multiple US-based hyperscalers for a 400 MW capacity lease, inclusive of our current 100 MW facility under construction and two forthcoming buildings in Ellendale, North Dakota. We also are in advanced discussions with traditional financing counterparties to facilitate construction activities.

Management Updates

Effective October 15, 2024, Saidal Mohmand transitioned from his prior role of Executive Vice President of Finance to become the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, succeeding David Rench, who served as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer from March 2021 and who will continue with the Company in his new capacity as Chief Administrative Officer.

Debt and Equity Offerings and Changes to Equity

CIM Arrangement

On June 7, 2024, APLD Holdings 2 LLC (“APLD Holdings”), our subsidiary, entered into a promissory note (as amended, the “CIM Promissory Note”) with CIM APLD Lender Holdings, LLC (the “CIM Lender”). The CIM Promissory Note provides for an initial borrowing of $15 million, which was drawn on June 7, 2024, and subsequent borrowings of up to $110 million (the “Subsequent Tranches”), available subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions as outlined in the CIM Promissory Note. In addition to the initial borrowing, the CIM Promissory Note includes an accordion feature that allows for up to an additional $75 million of borrowings. Principal amounts repaid under the CIM Promissory Note will not be available for reborrowing. On August 11, 2024, we and the CIM Lender entered into a waiver agreement (the “Waiver Agreement”), whereby the CIM Lender agreed to waive the satisfaction of certain conditions for the subsequent borrowings, allowing us to draw an additional $20 million (net of original discount and fees) of borrowings under the CIM Promissory Note.

As consideration for the CIM Promissory Note, we agreed to issue to the CIM Lender warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 9,265,366 shares of common stock. The warrants were issuable in two tranches, (i) for the purchase of up to 6,300,449 shares of common stock (the “Initial Warrants”), and (ii) for the purchase of up to 2,964,917 shares of common stock (the “Additional Warrants”). The Initial Warrants were issued on June 17, 2024 and the Additional Warrants were issued August 11, 2024 (as consideration for entry into the Waiver Agreement). During the quarter ended November 30,

Table of Contents

2024, 7.0 million of the CIM Warrants were exercised in a cashless transaction for approximately 3.9 million shares of our common stock. As of November 30, 2024, approximately 2.3 million of Additional Warrants remain outstanding.

On October 8, 2024, we entered into the First Amendment to the Promissory Note and Waiver Agreement (the “CIM Amendment”) with the CIM Lender, which amended the CIM Promissory Note to, among other things, extend the availability period thereunder, and draw the remaining $20 million (net of original discount and fees) of borrowings of the Subsequent Tranches available under the CIM Promissory Note.

On November 27, 2024, in connection with the issuance of the Macquarie Promissory Note (as defined and described below) and the receipt by us of the proceeds related thereto, we repaid the CIM Promissory Note in full, including all outstanding and unpaid principal, accrued interest, fees, and expenses.

Yorkville

During the fiscal year ended May 31, 2024, we entered into two prepaid advance agreements with YA II PN LTD (“YA Fund”) for promissory notes totaling $92.1 million (collectively, the “YA Notes”).

On October 29, 2024, we entered into certain amendments to the Prepaid Advance Agreement between us and YA Fund entered into on March 27, 2024 (the “March PPA”) and the promissory note issued in connection therewith (the “March Note”). The amendments (i) provided consent to the Convertible Notes (as defined below) offering and share repurchase transactions, and (ii) removed certain prior restrictions on redemption of the March Note before January 1, 2025.

As of November 30, 2024, an aggregate of $71.3 million of the YA Notes had been converted, in exchange for the issuance by us of 19.1 million shares of our common stock to YA Fund, and the aggregate principal amount outstanding under the March Note was $4.8 million. As YA Fund had converted the maximum amount of shares allowable under the Nasdaq rules and regulations, the remaining balance of $4.8 million was payable in cash. Subsequent to the quarter end, the Company repaid the $4.8 million in full, including all outstanding and unpaid principal, accrued interest, fees, and expenses, as well as the $2.1 million Commitment Fee under the SEPA.

Convertible Notes

On November 4, 2024, we completed a private offering of 2.75% Senior Unsecured Convertible Notes due 2030 (the "Convertible Notes") to persons reasonably believed to be qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes sold in the offering was $450 million, which included $75 million aggregate principal amount issued pursuant to the initial purchasers' fully exercised option. The Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 2.75% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on June 1, 2025.

The net proceeds from the sale of the Convertible Notes were approximately $435.2 million after deducting the initial purchasers' discounts, commissions, and estimated offering expenses. We used approximately $84 million of the net proceeds to fund share repurchases of common stock in connection with the offering, including (i) $52.7 million to fund the cost of entering into prepaid forward repurchase transactions, and (ii) $31.3 million to repurchase shares of our common stock directly. Additionally, approximately $51.8 million was used to pay the cost of the capped call transactions, which have a cap price of $14.72. The remainder of the net proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes.

The initial conversion rate is 102.5 shares per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $9.75 per share of common stock). Prior to March 1, 2030, the Convertible Notes are convertible only upon the occurrence of certain events. On or after March 1, 2030 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert their Convertible Notes at any time. The Convertible Notes will be convertible into cash, shares of common stock, or a combination thereof, at our election, subject to certain restrictions.

Macquarie Promissory Note

On November 27, 2024, APLD ELN-02 Holdings LLC, our subsidiary, entered into a promissory note (the "Macquarie Promissory Note") with Macquarie Equipment Capital, Inc. for a loan of $150 million. The Macquarie Promissory Note has an 18-month term and bears interest at 0.25% per annum, with no commitment fee or original issue discount. The Macquarie Promissory Note is subject to an initial minimum return hurdle of 1.11x within the first four months that scales

Table of Contents

up to 1.35x over its term. As partial consideration for the Macquarie Promissory Note, we issued warrants to purchase up to 1,035,197 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $9.66 per share.

The proceeds from the Macquarie Promissory Note were used to repay in full and terminate the CIM Promissory Note as well as all of our obligations under the March Note. The refinancing eliminates the parent guarantee and removes encumbrances on assets of APLD Holdings 2, providing greater flexibility for future corporate and project-level debt financings. The new structure is limited to Ellendale HPC project assets and avoids a costly increase to the minimum return hurdle that would have taken effect on December 7, 2024, under the CIM Promissory Note. This strategic refinancing reduces our overall cost of capital for the Ellendale project while providing increased operational flexibility through the removal of parent guarantees and cross-collateralization requirements.

Increase In Authorized Shares

On November 20, 2024, we filed an amendment to our Articles of Incorporation, increasing the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance to 400,000,000 shares and the number of shares of preferred stock authorized for issuance to 10,000,000 shares.

Roth Capital Partners LLC

On May 6, 2024, we began sales of common stock under an "at the market" sale agreement with Roth Capital Partners, LLC pursuant to which we could sell up to $25 million in aggregate proceeds of common stock. During the quarter ended August 31, 2024, we sold approximately 3.1 million shares for net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million with commission and legal fees related to the issuance of approximately $0.5 million. This offering was completed as of August 31, 2024.

At-the-Market Sales Agreement

On July 9, 2024, we entered into a Sales Agreement with B. Riley Securities, Inc., BTIG, LLC, Lake Street Capital Markets, LLC, Northland Securities, Inc. and Roth Capital Partners, LLC (the “Sales Agreement”). Up to $125,000,000 of shares of our common stock may be issued if and when sold pursuant to the Sales Agreement. As of October 30, 2024, approximately 2.9 million shares of our common stock have been issued and sold under the Sales Agreement for approximate proceeds to us of $16.4 million net of issuance costs of $0.5 million. On October 30, 2024, we terminated its Sales Agreement with the Agents.

Garden City Release of Escrow Funds

On July 30, 2024, we announced that the conditional approval requirements related to the release of the escrowed funds from the sale of our Garden City hosting facility had been met. During the quarter ended August 31, 2024, we received the remaining $25 million of the purchase price, previously held in escrow pending such conditional approval.

SEPA

On August 28, 2024, we entered into a Standby Equity Purchase Agreement with YA Fund, as amended on August 29, 2024 (the “SEPA”). Pursuant to the SEPA, subject to certain conditions and limitations, we have the option, but not the obligation, to sell to YA Fund, and YA Fund must subscribe for, an aggregate amount of up to $250.0 million of common stock, at our request any time during the commitment period commencing on September 30, 2024, and terminating on the first day of the month following the 36-month anniversary of September 30, 2024. The shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the SEPA will be offered and sold pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.

In connection with the execution of the SEPA, we agreed to pay a structuring fee (in cash) to YA Fund in the amount of $25,000. Additionally, we agreed to pay a commitment fee of $2,125,000 to YA Fund (the “Commitment Fee”), in the form of 456,287 shares of common stock (the “Commitment Shares”), representing $2,125,000 divided by the average of the daily VWAPs of the common stock during the three trading days immediately prior to the date of the SEPA. On October 16, 2024, we entered into a letter agreement with YA Fund, whereby we agreed to satisfy our obligations with respect to the Commitment Fee in cash by increasing the principal amount due under the March Note in an equivalent amount, instead of issuing the Commitment Shares. The Commitment Fee has been paid in full subsequent to November 30, 2024 as part of our repayment of the March Note.

Table of Contents

Series E Preferred Stock

On May 16, 2024, we entered into a Dealer Manager Agreement with Preferred Capital Securities, LLC (the “Dealer Manager”) pursuant to which the Dealer Manager agreed to serve as our agent and dealer manager for an offering (the “Series E Offering”) of up to 2,000,000 shares of our Series E Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series E Preferred Stock”) (the “Series E Dealer Manager Agreement”). During the six months ended November 30, 2024, we closed on four offerings of the Series E Preferred Stock totaling 301,673 shares of Series E Preferred Stock for net proceeds of approximately $6.9 million. The Series E Dealer Manager Agreement and the associated offering were terminated on August 9, 2024.

Series F Convertible Preferred Stock

On August 29, 2024, we entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Series F Purchase Agreement”) with YA II PN, LTD. (“YA Fund”) for the private placement (the “Series F Offering”) of 53,191 shares of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series F Convertible Preferred Stock”), including 3,191 shares representing an original issue discount of 6%. The transaction closed on August 30, 2024, for total proceeds of $50.0 million, prior to fees paid to Northland Securities, Inc. for their role as placement agent in an amount equal to 3.5% of the total proceeds.

Each outstanding share of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock is entitled to receive, in preference to our common stock, cumulative dividends (“Preferential Dividends”), payable quarterly in arrears, at an annual rate of 8.0% of $1,000 per share of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series F Stated Value”). At our discretion, the Preferential Dividends shall be payable either in cash or in kind or accrue and compound in an amount equal to 8.0% multiplied by the Series F Stated Value. In addition, each holder of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive dividends equal to, on an as-converted to shares of our common stock basis, and in the same form as, dividends actually paid on shares of our common stock when, as, and if such dividends are paid on shares our common stock. The Series F Convertible Preferred Stock became convertible upon the receipt of shareholder approval on November 20,2024. We filed the Certificate of Designation of the Series F Convertible Preferred Stock with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada on August 30, 2024.

Pursuant to the Series F Purchase Agreement, YA Fund executed an Irrevocable Proxy, dated August 30, 2024, appointing the Company as proxy to vote in all matters submitted to our stockholders for a vote of all shares of the Series F Preferred Stock beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, by YA Fund in accordance with the recommendation of our Board of Directors. The Irrevocable Proxy became effective upon the receipt of shareholder approval on November 20, 2024.

We and YA Fund also entered into a registration rights agreement (the “Series F Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which we agreed to prepare and file with the SEC a Registration Statement on Form S-1, registering the resale of the shares, within 45 days of signing the Series F Registration Rights Agreement (subject to certain exceptions). On November 22, 2024, we filed a registration statement on Form S-1/A (File No. 333-282707) for the resale of the common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series F Convertible Preferred Stock, which was declared effective by the SEC on November 26, 2024.

Additionally, in connection with the Series F Offering, we agreed to eliminate the $16.0 million per month conversion limitation that existed in the aggregate across the YA Notes.

During the three months ended November 30, 2024, 10,191 shares of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock were converted into approximately 1.5 million shares of common stock. Subsequent to the quarter ended November 30, 2024, the remaining 43,000 shares of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock were converted into approximately 6.1 million shares of common stock.

Private Placement

On September 5, 2024, we entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “PIPE Purchase Agreement”) with the purchasers named therein (the “PIPE Purchasers”), for the private placement of 49,382,720 shares of our common stock, at a purchase price of $3.24 per share, representing the last closing price of the common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on September 4, 2024. The private placement closed on September 9, 2024, with aggregate gross proceeds to us of approximately $160 million, before deducting offering expenses.

We and the PIPE Purchasers also entered into a registration rights agreement (the “PIPE Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which we agreed to prepare and file with the SEC a Registration Statement on Form S-1, registering the resale

Table of Contents

of the shares, within 30 days of signing the PIPE Registration Rights Agreement (subject to certain exceptions). On October 4, 2024, we filed a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-282518) with the SEC for the resale under the Securities Act by the PIPE Purchasers of the common stock issued pursuant to the PIPE Purchase Agreement, which was declared effective by the SEC on October 15, 2024.

Series E-1 Preferred Stock

On September 23, 2024, we entered into the Dealer Manager Agreement with Preferred Capital Securities, LLC (the “Dealer Manager”) pursuant to which the Dealer Manager agreed to serve as our agent and dealer manager for the offering of up to 62,500 shares of our Series E-1 Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Series E-1 Preferred Stock”), at a price per share of $1,000 per share, pursuant to our Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed with the SEC on September 23, 2024. During the three months ended November 30, 2024, we closed on two offerings of the Series E-1 Redeemable Preferred Stock in which we issued and sold 6,359 shares for gross proceeds of $6.4 million. The Series E-1 Preferred Stock offering remains ongoing as of the date of this report.

Recent Developments

Management Update

On January 6, 2025, we welcomed Laura Laltrello as our Chief Operating Officer. As an inducement to Ms. Laltrello accepting this position, we granted her an employment inducement award of 600,000 RSUs, outside of the Company’s 2024 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan, in accordance with Rule 5635(c)(4) of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC.

Unit Purchase Agreement

On January 13, 2025, APLD HPC Holdings LLC (“APLDH”), our indirect wholly owned subsidiary, entered into a Unit Purchase Agreement (the “Unit Purchase Agreement” or “UPA”) for our HPC Hosting Business with MIP VI HPC Holdings, LLC, which is an affiliate of funds and investment vehicles managed by entities within Macquarie Asset Management (“MAM”). Pursuant to the terms of the UPA, MAM will invest up to $900 million to fund the equity portion of the construction costs for our 400 MW Ellendale, North Dakota datacenter campus (the “Ellendale Campus”), with the initial investment of $225 million payable at closing, and the remaining $675 million payable in increments of $2.25 million for each executed lease of 1 MW of capacity. MAM also has a right to invest up to an additional $4.1 billion in future HPC development projects. MAM will receive preferred and common units for its investment. The common units represent fifteen percent (15%) of APLDH’s fully diluted common equity. The preferred units will accrue a dividend at a rate of 12.75% per annum, paid in stock or cash, at APLDH’s election, which will increase by 87.5 basis points on the fifth and sixth anniversaries of the closing, if still outstanding, and will carry a minimum 1.80x multiple of invested capital liquidation preference, inclusive of the value of the common equity. The closing is conditioned upon, among other things, APLDH executing a lease with a hyperscaler for the first 100 MW on the Ellendale Campus, in a form acceptable to MAM, the parties finalizing and executing a limited liability company agreement for APLDH (the “LLCA”), for us and APLDH to carry out an internal restructuring to segregate the HPC Hosting Business’ assets and liabilities before closing, as well as other customary closing conditions.

In addition, the Unit Purchase Agreement provides that we will issue to MAM at closing two warrants to purchase 4,458,069 shares each, for a total of 8,916,138 shares of the Company’s common stock, at the exercise price of $8.29 per share. The common shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants are subject to customary registration rights pursuant to a registration rights agreement to be executed and delivered at closing. The LLCA is expected to contain customary provisions for transactions of this nature, including, for example, co-sale rights, transfer restrictions, governance rights, redemption rights, forced sale rights, and step-in rights.

The investment proceeds from MAM, will be used to complete the buildout of the Ellendale Campus, including our HPC 100 MW data center currently under construction (the “HPC Ellendale Facility”), repay the existing bridge debt, fund platform general and administrative expenses, and pay transaction expenses. The proceeds will also fund, in conjunction with anticipated project financing, a distribution to us of over an estimated $300 million, to recover a portion of our equity investment in the Ellendale Campus.

Table of Contents

Results of Operations

Comparative Results for the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2024 and November 30, 2023:

The following table sets forth key components of the results of operations (in thousands) during the three and six months ended November 30, 2024 and November 30, 2023.


	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024			November 30, 2023			November 30, 2024			November 30, 2023
Revenue:
Revenue	63,868			38,569			122,646			70,708
Related party revenue	—			3,634			1,926			7,819
Total revenue	63,868			42,203			124,572			78,527
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenues	52,361			29,769			113,421			54,990
Selling, general and administrative (1)	29,789			20,266			44,129			36,437
Loss/(gain) on classification as held for sale (2)	192			—			(24,616)			—
Loss on abandonment of assets	141			—			769			—
Loss from legal settlement	—			80			—			2,380
Total costs and expenses	82,483			50,115			133,703			93,807
Operating loss	(18,615)			(7,912)			(9,131)			(15,280)
Interest expense, net (3)	7,482			2,617			14,790			4,750
Loss on conversion of debt	25,410			—			33,612			—
Loss on change in fair value of debt	87,218			—			85,439			—


Loss on extinguishment of debt	—			—			—			2,353
Net loss before income tax expenses	(138,725)			(10,529)			(142,972)			(22,383)
Income tax expense (benefit)	1			—			1			—
Net loss	(138,726)			(10,529)			(142,973)			(22,383)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	—			—			—			(397)
Preferred dividends	(629)			—			(673)			—
Net loss attributable to Common Stockholders	(139,355)			(10,529)			(143,646)			(21,986)

Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders	$	(0.66)		$	(0.10)		$	(0.80)		$	(0.21)
Basic and diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding	209,560,339			109,663,030			179,119,398			105,067,375

Adjusted Amounts (4)
Adjusted operating loss	$	(5,082)		$	(2,338)		$	(19,406)		$	(730)
Adjusted operating margin	(8)		%	(6)		%	(16)		%	(1)		%
Adjusted net loss attributable to Applied Digital Corporation	$	(12,565)		$	(4,955)		$	(34,197)		$	(5,083)
Adjusted net loss attributable to Applied Digital Corporation per diluted share	$	(0.06)		$	(0.05)		$	(0.19)		$	(0.05)
Other Financial Data (4)
EBITDA	$	(104,798)		$	5,536		$	(67,376)		$	4,224
as a percentage of revenues	(164)		%	13		%	(54)		%	5		%
Adjusted EBITDA	$	21,363		$	11,086		$	41,355		$	20,950
as a percentage of revenues	33		%	26		%	33		%	27		%

Table of Contents

ended November 30, 2024 and November 30, 2023, respectively. See Note 5 - Related Party Transactions for further discussion of related party transactions.

(2)Includes $25 million received in connection with the sale of our Garden City facility. See Note 10 - Commitments and Contingencies for further discussion.

(3)Includes related party interest expense of $0.7 million for the six months ended November 30, 2023. There was no related party debt outstanding during the six months ended November 30, 2024 and as such, no interest expense was incurred related to related party debt. See note Note 5 - Related Party Transactions for further discussion.

(4)Adjusted Amounts and Other Financial Data are non-GAAP performance measures. A reconciliation of reported amounts to adjusted amounts can be found in the "Non-GAAP Measures and Reconciliation" section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis.

Commentary on Results of Operations Comparative Results for the Three Months Ended November 30, 2024 compared to the Three Months Ended November 30, 2023

Revenue

Revenue increased $25.3 million, or 66%, from $38.6 million for the three months ended November 30, 2023 to $63.9 million for the three months ended November 30, 2024, primarily driven by continued growth of our Cloud Services Business during the three months ended November 30, 2024 due to the deployment of additional GPU clusters.

Related party revenue decreased $3.6 million, or 100%, from $3.6 million for the three months ended November 30, 2023 to $0.0 million for the three months ended November 30, 2024, driven by certain related parties terminating their contracts during the first fiscal quarter of fiscal year 2025.

Cost of revenues

Cost of revenues increased $22.6 million, or 76%, from $29.8 million for the three months ended November 30, 2023 to $52.4 million for the three months ended November 30, 2024. The increase was primarily driven by the growth in the business as more facilities were energized and additional services were provided to customers compared to the three months ended November 30, 2023. The change in cost of revenues is categorized as follows:

•approximately $17.0 million increase in depreciation and amortization expense due to an increase in owned and leased assets in-service directly supporting revenue;

•approximately $4.2 million increase in lease and related expenses for the use of data center space to support our Cloud Services Business;

•approximately $3.1 million increase in personnel expenses for employee costs directly attributable to generating revenue resulting from increased headcount; and

•approximately $1.1 million increase in other expenses directly attributable to generating revenue.

These increases were partially offset by approximately $2.8 million decrease in energy costs due to more favorable pricing during the three months ended November 30, 2024.

Selling, general and administrative expense

Selling, general and administrative expense increased $9.5 million, or 47%, from $20.3 million for the three months ended November 30, 2023 to $29.8 million for the three months ended November 30, 2024. The change in selling, general and administrative expense is categorized as follows:

•approximately $9.4 million increase in professional service expenses primarily related to legal services provided on discrete transactions and projects as well as general support of the business;

•approximately $3.2 million increase in personnel expenses for employee costs attributable to supporting the growth of the business; and

•approximately $2.5 million increase in lease and related expenses primarily for operating leases of data center space not yet being used to generate revenue.

These increases were partially offset by a $4.0 million decrease in depreciation and amortization primarily due to GPU cluster deployments, which are now revenue generating and as such, the depreciation and amortization is now captured as a part of cost of revenues. Also offsetting these increases was a $2.0 million decrease in stock-based compensation during the three months ended November 30, 2024 due to terminations during the period.

Table of Contents

Interest expense, net

Interest expense, net increased $4.9 million, or 186%, from $2.6 million for the three months ended November 30, 2023 to $7.5 million for the three months ended November 30, 2024. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in finance leases and interest-bearing loans between periods.

Loss on conversion of debt

Loss on conversion of debt was $25.4 million for the three months ended November 30, 2024 due to the difference in fair value to the price at which the YA Notes were converted. There was no such activity recorded in the prior year comparative period.

Loss on change in fair value of debt

Loss on change in fair value of debt was $87.2 million for the three months ended November 30, 2024 primarily due to the change in fair value of the conversion option derivative of the 2.75% Senior Unsecured Convertible Note during the two week period in which the Company did not have sufficient authorized shares to settle such conversions fully in shares. The loss on change in fair value of debt was also driven by adjustments to the fair value of the YA Notes. There was no such activity recorded in the prior year comparative period.

Commentary on Results of Operations Comparative Results for the Six Months Ended November 30, 2024 compared to the Six Months Ended November 30, 2023

Revenue

Revenue increased $51.9 million, or 73%, from $70.7 million for the six months ended November 30, 2023 to $122.6 million for the six months ended November 30, 2024, primarily driven by continued growth of our Cloud Services Business due to the deployment of additional GPU clusters between periods.

Related party revenue decreased $5.9 million, or 75%, from $7.8 million for the six months ended November 30, 2023 to $1.9 million for the six months ended November 30, 2024, driven by certain related parties terminating their contracts during the first fiscal quarter of fiscal year 2025.

Cost of revenues

Cost of revenues increased by $58.4 million, or 106%, from $55.0 million for the six months ended November 30, 2023 to $113.4 million for the six months ended November 30, 2024. The increase was primarily driven by the growth in the business as more facilities were energized and more services were provided to customers compared to the six months ended November 30, 2023. The change in cost of revenues is categorized as follows:

•approximately $45.4 million increase in depreciation and amortization expense due to an increase in owned and leased assets directly supporting revenue;

•approximately $9.3 million increase in lease and related expenses for the use of data center space to support our Cloud Services Business;

•approximately $4.9 million increase in personnel expenses for employee costs directly attributable to generating revenue resulting from increased headcount; and

•approximately $2.1 million increase in other expenses directly attributable to generating revenue.

These increases were partially offset by approximately $3.3 million decrease in energy costs due to more favorable pricing during the six months ended November 30, 2024.

Selling, general and administrative expense

Selling, general and administrative expense increased by $7.7 million, or 21%, from $36.4 million for the six months ended November 30, 2023 to $44.1 million for the six months ended November 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to the overall growth in the business. The change in selling, general and administrative expense is categorized as follows:

•approximately $14.2 million increase in professional service expenses related to legal services provided on discrete transactions and projects as well as general support of the business;

•approximately $5.8 million increase in other expenses such as operating leases expense for data center space not yet being used to generate revenue;

Table of Contents

•approximately $4.0 million increase in personnel expenses, related to an increase in salaries, wages and bonuses associated with the increase in headcount period over period; and

•approximately $0.5 million increase in other selling, general, and administrative expense such as insurance premiums and computer and software expenses.

These increases were partially offset by a decrease of approximately $10.8 million in stock-based compensation due to the cancellation of certain performance based awards as well as terminations during the period resulting in a reversal of the expense previously recognized for the associated awards. Also offsetting the increases was a decrease of approximately $5.9 million in depreciation and amortization expense due to additional owned and leased assets that are now being used to generate revenue for the six months ended November 30, 2024.

Gain on classification of held for sale

Gain on classification of held for sale was $24.6 million for the six months ended November 30, 2024. This was primarily due to the receipt of $25.0 million of funds released from escrow in association with the sale of our Garden City facility. This was partially offset by $0.4 million in loss on assets held for sale associated with writing down certain assets to their fair market value. There was no such activity recorded in the prior year comparative period.

Loss from Legal Settlement

Loss from legal settlement was $2.3 million for the six months ended November 30, 2023 primarily due to a settlement agreement entered into by the Company in respect to employment-related claims by a former executive. The terms of the settlement included payment to the claimant of $2.3 million. There were no such losses recorded in the current year comparative period.

Loss on abandonment of assets

Loss on abandonment of assets was $0.8 million for the six months ended November 30, 2024, driven by the write down of assets to their fair value upon disposal.

Interest expense, net

Interest expense, net increased $10.0 million, or 211%, from $4.8 million for the six months ended November 30, 2023 to $14.8 million for the six months ended November 30, 2024, primarily driven by increases in finance leases and debt obligations between periods.

Loss on conversion of debt

Loss on conversion of debt was $33.6 million for the six months ended November 30, 2024 due to the difference in fair value to the price at which the YA Notes were converted. There was no such activity recorded in the prior year comparative period.

Loss on change in fair value of debt

Loss on change in fair value of debt was $85.4 million for the six months ended November 30, 2024 primarily due to the change in fair value of the conversion option derivative of the 2.75% Senior Unsecured Convertible Note during the two week period in which the Company did not have sufficient authorized shares to settle such conversion fully in shares. The loss on change in fair value of debt was also driven by adjustments to the fair value of the YA Notes. There was no such activity recorded in the prior year comparative period.

Table of Contents

Comparative Segment Data for the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2024 and November 30, 2023:

The following table sets forth our operating profit (loss) for each of our segments for the three and six months ended November 30, 2024 and November 30, 2023 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Segment profit (loss)
Data Center Hosting Business	$	12,550	$	10,896	$	48,401	$	19,897
Cloud Services Business	(5,810)		(11,559)		(21,620)		(18,964)
HPC Hosting Business	(5,839)		(908)		(8,784)		(1,662)
Total segment profit (loss)	$	901	$	(1,571)	$	17,997	$	(729)

Commentary on Segment Data Comparative Results for the Three Months Ended November 30, 2024 compared to the Three Months Ended November 30, 2023

Data Center Hosting Business

Operating Profit

Data Center Hosting Business operating profit increased $1.7 million, or 15%, from a profit of $10.9 million for the three months ended November 30, 2023 to a profit of $12.5 million for the three months ended November 30, 2024. This increase was primarily due to operational performance improvements and favorable power prices.

Cloud Services Business

Operating Loss

Cloud Services Business operating loss decreased $5.7 million, from a loss of $11.6 million for the three months ended November 30, 2023 to a loss of $5.8 million for the three months ended November 30, 2024 primarily driven by increases in revenue due to the deployment of additional GPU clusters between periods, partially offset by increased amortization expense on finance leases of computing equipment, occupancy costs from operating leases, and an increase stock-based compensation expense attributable to the segment due to headcount increasing year over year.

HPC Hosting Business

Operating Loss

HPC Hosting Business operating loss increased $4.9 million, or 543%, from a loss of $0.9 million for the three months ended November 30, 2023 to a loss of $5.8 million for the three months ended November 30, 2024. The loss was largely comprised of legal expenses incurred in connection with discrete projects, stock-based compensation expense, payroll, and amortization expense related to finance leases as we ramp up our HPC Hosting Business operations.

Commentary on Segment Data Comparative Results for the Six Months Ended November 30, 2024 compared to the Six Months Ended November 30, 2023

Data Center Hosting Business

Operating Profit

Data Center Hosting Business operating profit increased $28.5 million, or 143%, from a profit of $19.9 million for the six months ended November 30, 2023 to a profit of $48.4 million for the six months ended November 30, 2024. This increase was primarily due to operational performance improvements and more favorable power pricing.

Cloud Services Business

Operating Loss

Cloud Services Business operating loss increased $2.7 million, from a loss of $19.0 million for the six months ended November 30, 2023 to a loss of $21.6 million for the six months ended November 30, 2024, primarily due to amortization expense on finance leases on computing equipment, occupancy costs from operating leases, and stock-based compensation expense as we ramp up our Cloud Services Business operations.

Table of Contents

HPC Hosting Business

Operating Loss

HPC Hosting Business operating loss increased $7.1 million, from a loss of $1.7 million for the six months ended November 30, 2023 to loss of $8.8 million for the six months ended November 30, 2024. The loss was largely comprised of legal expenses incurred in connection with discrete projects, stock-based compensation expense, payroll, and amortization expense related to finance leases as we ramp up our HPC Hosting Business operations.

Non-GAAP Measures

To supplement our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements presented under GAAP, we are presenting certain non-GAAP financial measures. We are providing these non-GAAP financial measures to disclose additional information to facilitate the comparison of past and present operations by providing perspective on results absent one-time or significant non-cash items. We utilize these measures in the business planning process to understand expected operating performance and to evaluate results against those expectations. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures, when considered together with our GAAP financial results, provide management and investors with an additional understanding of our business operating results regarding factors and trends affecting our business and provide a reasonable basis for comparing our ongoing results of operations.

These non-GAAP financial measures are provided as supplemental measures to our performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP and therefore, are not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for comparable GAAP measures. Further, these non-GAAP financial measures have no standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and are not prepared under any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles. Because of the non-standardized definitions of non-GAAP financial measures, we caution investors that the non-GAAP financial measures as used by us in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have limits in their usefulness to investors and may be calculated differently from, and therefore may not be directly comparable to, similarly titled measures used by other companies. Further, investors should be aware that when evaluating these non-GAAP financial measures, these measures should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items. In addition, from time to time in the future there may be items that we may exclude for purposes of our non-GAAP financial measures and we may in the future cease to exclude items that we have historically excluded for purposes of our non-GAAP financial measures. Likewise, we may determine to modify the nature of the adjustments to arrive at our non-GAAP financial measures. Investors should review the non-GAAP reconciliations provided below and not rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.

Change in Presentation

Beginning in the third quarter of 2024, we updated our presentation of non-GAAP measures. As a result of this updated presentation, we no longer exclude start-up costs as an adjustment to Operating loss, Net loss attributable to Applied Digital Corporation, or EBITDA in our calculation of Adjusted operating loss, Adjusted net loss attributable to Applied Digital Corporation, Adjusted net loss attributable to Applied Digital Corporation per diluted share, and Adjusted EBITDA. EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted operating loss, Adjusted net loss attributable to Applied Digital Corporation, and Adjusted net loss attributable to Applied Digital Corporation per diluted share are non-GAAP measures and are defined below.

Adjusted Operating Loss, Adjusted net loss attributable to Applied Digital Corporation, and Adjusted net loss attributable to Applied Digital Corporation per diluted share

“Adjusted Operating Loss” and “Adjusted net loss attributable to Applied Digital Corporation” are non-GAAP financial measures that represent operating loss and net loss attributable to Applied Digital Corporation, respectively. Adjusted Operating Loss is Operating loss excluding stock-based compensation, non-recurring repair expenses, diligence, acquisition, disposition and integration expenses, litigation expenses, non-recurring research and development expenses, loss on abandonment of assets, loss/(gain) on classification of held for sale, accelerated depreciation and amortization, loss on legal settlement, as well as other non-recurring expenses that Management believes are not representative of the Company’s expected ongoing costs. Adjusted net loss attributable to Applied Digital Corporation is Adjusted Operating Loss further adjusted for the loss on conversion of debt, loss on change in fair value of debt and loss on the extinguishment of debt. We define “Adjusted net loss attributable to Applied Digital Corporation per diluted share” as Adjusted net loss attributable to Applied Digital Corporation divided by weighted average diluted share count.

Table of Contents

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

“EBITDA” is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, and depreciation and amortization. “Adjusted EBITDA” is defined as EBITDA adjusted for stock-based compensation, non-recurring repair expenses, diligence, acquisition, disposition and integration expenses, litigation expenses, research and development expenses, loss/(gain) on classification of held for sale, loss on abandonment of assets, loss on conversion of debt, loss on change in the fair value of debt, loss on extinguishment of debt, and legal settlement as well as other non-recurring expenses that Management believes are not representative of our expected ongoing costs.

Table of Contents

Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures


	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
$ in thousands	November 30, 2024			November 30, 2023			November 30, 2024			November 30, 2023
Adjusted operating loss
Operating loss (GAAP)	$	(18,615)		$	(7,912)		$	(9,131)		$	(15,280)
Stock-based compensation	3,308			4,799			236			10,440
Non-recurring repair expenses (1)	139			—			170			—
Diligence, acquisition, disposition and integration expenses (2)	8,780			525			11,667			535
Litigation expenses (3)	759			195			1,167			576
Research and development expenses (4)	—			—			36			184
Loss on abandonment of assets	142			—			769			—
Loss/(gain) on classification of held for sale	192			—			(24,616)			—
Accelerated depreciation and amortization (5)	—			24			45			177
Loss on legal settlement	—			80			—			2,380
Other non-recurring expenses (6)	213			(49)			251			258
Adjusted operating loss (Non-GAAP)	$	(5,082)		$	(2,338)		$	(19,406)		$	(730)
Adjusted operating margin	(8)		%	(6)		%	(16)		%	(1)		%

Adjusted net loss attributable to Applied Digital Corporation
Net loss attributable to Applied Digital Corporation (GAAP)	$	(138,726)		$	(10,529)		$	(142,973)		$	(21,986)
Stock-based compensation	3,308			4,799			236			10,440
Non-recurring repair expenses (1)	139			—			170			—
Diligence, acquisition, disposition and integration expenses (2)	8,780			525			11,667			535
Litigation expenses (3)	759			195			1,167			576
Research and development expenses (4)	—			—			36			184
Loss/(gain) on classification of held for sale	192			—			(24,616)			—
Accelerated depreciation and amortization (5)	—			24			45			177
Loss on abandonment of assets	142			—			769			—

Loss on conversion of debt (7)	25,410			—			33,612			—
Loss on change in fair value of debt (8)	87,218			—			85,439			—
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—			—			—			2,353
Loss on legal settlement	—			80			—			2,380
Other non-recurring expenses (6)	213			(49)			251			258
Adjusted net loss attributable to Applied Digital Corporation (Non-GAAP)	$	(12,565)		$	(4,955)		$	(34,197)		$	(5,083)
Adjusted net loss attributable to Applied Digital Corporation per diluted share (Non-GAAP)	$	(0.06)		$	(0.05)		$	(0.19)		$	(0.05)

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA
Net loss attributable to Applied Digital Corporation (GAAP)	$	(138,726)		$	(10,529)		$	(142,973)		$	(21,986)
Interest expense, net	7,482			2,617			14,790			4,750
Income tax expense	1			—			1			—
Depreciation and amortization (5)	26,445			13,448			60,806			21,460
EBITDA (Non-GAAP)	$	(104,798)		$	5,536		$	(67,376)		$	4,224
Stock-based compensation	3,308			4,799			236			10,440

Table of Contents


Non-recurring repair expenses (1)	139		—		170		—
Diligence, acquisition, disposition and integration expenses (2)	8,780		525		11,667		535
Litigation expenses (3)	759		195		1,167		576
Research and development expenses (4)	—		—		36		184
Loss/(gain) on classification of held for sale	192		—		(24,616)		—
Loss on abandonment of assets	142		—		769		—
Loss on conversion of debt (7)	25,410		—		33,612		—
Loss on change in fair value of debt (8)	87,218		—		85,439		—

Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—		—		2,353
Loss on legal settlement	—		80		—		2,380
Other non-recurring expenses (6)	213		(49)		251		258
Adjusted EBITDA (Non-GAAP)	$	21,363	$	11,086	$	41,355	$	20,950

(1)Represents costs incurred in the repair and replacement of equipment at our Ellendale data center hosting facility as a result of the previously disclosed power outage.

(2)Represents legal, accounting and consulting costs incurred in association with certain discrete transactions and projects.

(3)Represents non-recurring litigation expense associated with our defense of class action lawsuits and legal fees related to matters with certain former employees. We do not expect to incur these expenses on a regular basis.

(4)Represents specific non-recurring research and development activities related to our business expansion that we do not expect to incur on a regular basis.

(5)Represents the acceleration of expense related to assets that were abandoned by us due to operational failure or other reasons. Depreciation and amortization in this amount is included in Depreciation and Amortization expense within our calculation of EBITDA, and therefore is not added back as a management adjustment in our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA.

(6)Represents expenses that are not representative of our expected ongoing costs.

(7)Represents loss on conversion of debt due to the difference in fair value to the price at which the YA Notes were converted.

(8)Represents loss on change in fair value of debt due to the adjustments to the fair value of the 2.75% Senior Unsecured Convertible Notes, as well as adjustments to the fair value of the YA Notes.

Sources of Liquidity

As of November 30, 2024, we had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $286.2 million and negative working capital of $96.0 million, inclusive of assets held for sale. Historically, we have incurred losses and have relied on equity and debt financings to fund our operations. We have primarily generated cash in the last 12 months from the proceeds of our term and related party loans, issuance of common stock, preferred stock, convertible promissory notes, convertible bonds and debt facilities and the receipt of contractual deposits and revenue payments from customers.

See Note 6 - Debt in the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information on our term loans and other debt instruments.

On June 7, 2024, we entered into a promissory note with CIM Lender for borrowings up to $125 million and an accordion feature that allowed for up to an additional $75 million of borrowings. During the six months ended November 30, 2024, the total amount borrowed under the CIM Promissory Note was $125 million. On November 27, 2024, in connection with the Macquarie Promissory Note, we repaid the CIM Promissory Note in full, including all outstanding and unpaid principal, accrued interest, fees, and expenses.

During the six months ended November 30, 2024, Applied Digital Cloud Corporation, our wholly-owned subsidiary, entered into two Simple Agreement for Future Equity (“SAFE”) agreements totaling $12.0 million with an investor.

Table of Contents

During the six months ended November 30, 2024, under the “at the market” sale agreement with Roth Capital Partners, LLC, we sold approximately 3.1 million shares for net proceeds of approximately $14.6 million with commission and legal fees related to the issuance of approximately $0.5 million. This offering was completed as of August 31, 2024.

During the six months ended November 30, 2024, we closed on three offerings of the Series E Preferred Stock in which we sold total shares of 301,673 for proceeds of $6.9 million net of issuance costs of $0.6 million. The Series E Dealer Manager Agreement was terminated upon the termination of the Series E Preferred Stock offering on August 9, 2024.

On July 9, 2024, we entered into a Sales Agreement with B. Riley Securities, Inc., BTIG, LLC, Lake Street Capital Markets, LLC, Northland Securities, Inc. and Roth Capital Partners, LLC (collectively, the “Agents”), pursuant to which we may offer and sell, from time to time, through the Agents, up to $125,000,000 shares of our common stock. As of the date of this report, approximately 3.0 million shares of our common stock had been issued and sold under the Sales Agreement for proceeds of $16.4 million net of issuance costs of $0.5 million. This offering is no longer active.

On August 28, 2024, we entered into the SEPA with YA Fund, which was amended on August 29, 2024. Pursuant to the SEPA, subject to certain conditions and limitations, we have the option, but not the obligation, to sell to YA Fund, and YA Fund must subscribe for, an aggregate amount of up to $250.0 million of common stock, at our request any time during the commitment period commencing on September 30, 2024, and terminating on the first day of the month next following the 36-month anniversary of September 30, 2024.

On August 29, 2024, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with YA II PN, LTD. for the private placement of 53,191 shares of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share with a Stated Value of $1,000 per share. The transaction closed on August 30, 2024, for total proceeds to us of $50.0 million, prior to fees paid to Northland Securities, Inc. for their role as placement agent in an amount equal to 3.5% of the total proceeds.

On September 5, 2024, we entered into the PIPE Purchase Agreement with the PIPE Purchasers, for the private placement of 49,382,720 shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share, at a purchase price of $3.24 per share, representing the last closing price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on September 4, 2024 for total gross proceeds to us of approximately $160 million, before deducting offering expenses.

On September 23, 2024, we entered into the Dealer Manager Agreement with the Dealer Manager pursuant to which the Dealer Manager agreed to serve as our agent and dealer manager for the offering of up to 62,500 shares of our Series E-1 Preferred Stock, at a price per share of $1,000 per share, pursuant to our Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed with the SEC on September 23, 2024. During the three months ended November 30, 2024, we closed on two offerings of the Series E-1 Redeemable Preferred Stock in which we issued and sold 6,359 shares for gross proceeds of $6.4 million. The Series E-1 Preferred Stock offering remains ongoing as of the date of this report.

On November 4, 2024, we completed a private offering of the Senior Unsecured Convertible Notes to persons reasonably believed to be qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. The aggregate principal amount of notes sold in the offering was $450 million, which includes $75 million aggregate principal amount issued pursuant to the initial purchasers' fully exercised option. The net proceeds from the sale of the Convertible Notes were approximately $435.2 million after deducting the initial purchasers' discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses.

On November 27, 2024, APLD ELN-02 Holdings LLC, our subsidiary, entered into the Macquarie Promissory Note with Macquarie Equipment Capital, Inc. for a loan of $150 million. The proceeds from the Macquarie Promissory Note were used to repay in full and terminate the CIM Promissory Note as well as all obligations under the March Note.

As of November 30, 2024, an aggregate of $71.3 million of the YA Notes had been converted, in exchange for the issuance by us of 19.1 million shares of common stock to YA Fund, and the aggregate principal amount outstanding under the March Note was $6.9 million (consisting of the remaining principal amount of $4.8 million and the additional $2.1 million Commitment Fee), which was repaid in full subsequent to November 30, 2024, including all outstanding and unpaid principal, accrued interest, fees, and expenses.

Table of Contents

During the six months ended November 30, 2024, we received $28.3 million in payments for future cloud services and $59.2 million in payments for future data center hosting services.

Funding Requirements

We have experienced net losses through the period ended November 30, 2024. Our transition to profitability is dependent on the successful operation of our three lines of business.

We expect to have sufficient liquidity, including cash on hand, payments from customers, access to debt financing, and access to public capital markets, to support ongoing operations and meet our working capital needs for at least the next 12 months and all of our known requirements and plans for cash. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such arrangements when needed on favorable terms, or at all, which would have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our ongoing operations and development plans. We have based our estimates as to how long we expect we will be able to fund our operations on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could use our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect, in which case, we would be required to obtain additional financing sooner than currently projected, which may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Our failure to raise capital as and when needed would have a negative impact on our financial condition and our ability to pursue our business strategy.

We expect that our general and administrative expenses and our operating expenditures will continue to increase as we continue to expand our operations. We believe that the significant investments in property and equipment will remain throughout fiscal year 2025 as we continue construction of our HPC hosting facilities and acquire assets to support our Cloud Services Business.

Summary of Cash Flows

The following table provides information about our net cash flow for the six months ended November 30, 2024 and November 30, 2023, respectively.


	Six Months Ended
$ in thousands	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	$	(128,154)	$	9,054
Net cash used in investing activities	(207,539)		(65,606)
Net cash provided by financing activities	618,584		47,611
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	282,891		(8,941)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of year	31,688		43,574
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	314,579	$	34,633

Commentary on the change in cash flows between the Six Months Ended November 30, 2024 and Six Months Ended November 30, 2023

Operating Activities

The net cash (used in) provided by operating activities changed by $137.2 million, or 1515%, from net cash provided by operating activities of $9.1 million for the six months ended November 30, 2023 to net cash used in operating activities of $128.2 million for the six months ended November 30, 2024. The primary reasons for the change were a large increase in accounts payable, a decrease in revenue prepayments received relative to revenue earned during the six months ended November 30, 2024, as well as an increase in payments associated with our operating leases.

Investing Activities

The net cash used in investing activities increased by $141.9 million, from $65.6 million for the six months ended November 30, 2023 to $207.5 million for the six months ended November 30, 2024. This increase was primarily due to an increase in investments in property and equipment during the six months ended November 30, 2024 as our payments in the current periods for construction of the Ellendale, North Dakota data center hosting facilities outpaced the comparative period construction payments for the Garden City hosting facility and our HPC data centers. These increases were partially offset by the receipt of $25.0 million of funds that were released from escrow in association with the sale of our Garden City facility as well as a decrease in lease prepayments made for leases of hosting equipment to support our Cloud Services Business during the six months ended November 30, 2024.

Table of Contents

Financing Activities

The net cash provided by financing activities increased by $571.0 million, or 1199%, from $47.6 million for the six months ended November 30, 2023 to $618.6 million for the six months ended November 30, 2024. The primary reasons for the change were the receipt of net proceeds from offerings of our common and preferred stock, a convertible bond offering and net debt proceeds, as well as the receipt of cash for equity in the Company. These increases were partially offset by an increase in debt repayments and the payment of debt financing and stock issuance costs as well as an increase in finance lease payments during the six months ended November 30, 2024.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain a system of disclosure controls and procedures that is designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of November 30, 2024, have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of November 30, 2024, as a result of the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting disclosed below.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a company’s annual and interim financial statements will not be detected or prevented on a timely basis.

We have identified the following material weaknesses in the design of our internal controls:

•We have not yet designed and implemented controls to ensure we can record, process, summarize, and report financial data.

•We have not yet designed and implemented user access controls to ensure appropriate segregation of duties that would adequately restrict user and privileged access to the financially relevant systems and data to appropriate personnel.

•We did not design and maintain effective controls associated with related party transactions and disclosures. Controls were not designed or implemented at a sufficient level of precision or rigor to effectively identify related party relationships and disclose their related transactions in our financial statements.

•We also do not have a properly designed internal control system that identifies critical processes and key controls.

The material weaknesses did not result in any identified misstatements to the financial statements, and there were no changes to previously released financial results. Notwithstanding these material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting, our management has concluded that, based on their knowledge, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, and other financial information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q present fairly, in all material respects our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

In order to remediate these material weaknesses, we have begun to take the following steps, among others:

•Hiring additional qualified accounting and financial reporting personnel to support division of responsibilities, including utilizing an advisory, tax and assurance firm to assist with process documentation;

•Improving and updating our systems;

Table of Contents

•Developing IT general controls to manage access and program changes across our key systems and the execution of improvements to application controls within our systems, including implementing user access reviews for all systems on a quarterly basis; and

•Implementing processes and controls to better identify and manage segregation of duties, including executing an internal audit program to evaluate the design, implementation, and operating effectiveness of key business processes and IT controls.

We will not be able to fully remediate the material weaknesses until these steps have been completed and have been operating effectively for a sufficient period of time.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in internal control over financial reporting, other than the remediation steps described above that are in process, that occurred during the three months ended November 30, 2024, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Table of Contents

Part II - Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings.

The Company, Wes Cummins, the Company's Chief Executive Officer, and David Rench, the Company's then Chief Financial Officer, have been named as defendants in a putative securities class action lawsuit in the matter styled, McConnell v. Applied Digital Corporation, et al., Case No. 3:23-cv-1805, filed in August 2023 in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas (the “Securities Lawsuit”). Specifically, the complaint asserts claims pursuant to Section 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 based on allegedly false or misleading statements regarding the company’s business, operations, and compliance policies, including claims that the Company overstated the profitability of its Data Center Hosting Business and its ability to successfully transition into a low-cost cloud services provider and that the Company’s board of directors was not “independent” within the meaning of Nasdaq listing rules. On May 22, 2024, the court appointed lead plaintiff and approved lead counsel, and on July 22, 2024, Lead Plaintiff filed an amended complaint which asserts the same claims based on similar allegations in the original complaint. On September 20, 2024, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint. On November 20, 2024, Lead Plaintiff filed his opposition to the Motion to Dismiss. See discussion in “Note 10 - Commitments and Contingencies”.

There are no other pending lawsuits that could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the results of the Company’s consolidated operations.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes in or additions to the risk factors included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2024, as supplemented by the Risk Factors included in Exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 5, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.

Any delays or unexpected costs in the development of our existing space and developable land and new properties acquired for development may delay and harm our growth prospects, future operating results and financial condition.

We are currently in the process of building the HPC Ellendale Facility and we may in the future continue to build out additional HPC hosting facilities on a speculative basis at significant cost. Our successful development of this and future projects is subject to many risks, including those associated with:

•delays in construction, or changes to the plans or specifications;

•financing availability, including our ability to obtain construction financing and permanent financing, or increases in interest rates or credit spreads;

•delays or denials of entitlements or permits, including zoning, siting, utility and other permits, or other delays resulting from requirements of public agencies and utility companies;

•budget overruns, increased prices for raw materials or building supplies, or lack of availability and/or increased costs for specialized data center components, including long lead time items such as generators;

•construction site accidents and other casualties;

•labor availability, costs, disputes and work stoppages with contractors, subcontractors or others that are constructing the project;

•failure of contractors to perform on a timely basis or at all, or other misconduct on the part of contractors;

•access to sufficient power and related costs of providing such power to our customers;

•environmental issues;

•supply chain constraints;

•fire, flooding, earthquakes and other natural disasters;

•pandemics; and

•geological, construction, excavation and equipment problems.

In addition, development activities, regardless of whether they are ultimately successful, also typically require a substantial portion of our management’s time and attention. This may distract our management from focusing on other operational activities of our business. If we are unable to complete development projects successfully, our business may be adversely affected.

We have concentrated our operations in the state of North Dakota and, thus, are particularly exposed to the regulatory framework and changes in the regulatory environment, market conditions and natural disasters in that state.

We currently operate data centers in the state of North Dakota. The revenue we collected from operating these data centers was responsible for the majority of our revenue in the fiscal years ended May 31, 2024, and 2023. We are also in the process of constructing the HPC Ellendale Facility, which we expect to begin generating revenue in calendar year 2025. Consequently, our business operations and financial condition are particularly reliant on the performance of these data centers, which are all located in North Dakota.

As a result of the concentrated nature of our operations in this state, the operation of our business is particularly exposed to the regulatory framework, including but not limited to state utility permitting regulations, and changes in the regulatory environment, market conditions and natural disasters in the state, any of which may cause delays in the construction and operation of our data center facilities, including completion of the HPC Ellendale Facility, or prevent us from executing on our expansion strategy.

In addition, historically, North Dakota, through its regulatory and economic incentives, has encouraged Bitcoin mining companies to locate their operations in the state. As such, we face substantial competition in North Dakota for suitable Bitcoin mining data center sites and skilled workers. Conversely, if the regulatory and economic environment in North Dakota were to become less favorable to Bitcoin mining companies, including by way of increased taxes, and such Bitcoin mining companies would relocate out of the state, we could lose one or more of our data center hosting customers, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Although we are concurrently in negotiations with multiple hyperscalers for a lease of the HPC Ellendale Facility, we have not yet entered into any definitive lease documentation with any one of these parties and there can be no assurance that we will be able to do so in the future on terms favorable to us or at all.

Through our HPC Hosting Business, we design, construct and manage data centers tailored to support HPC applications and running AI workloads. We are currently building two HPC data centers. The first facility, which is nearing completion, is a 7.5 MW facility in Jamestown, North Dakota located adjacent to our 106 MW data center hosting facility. We also began construction of a 100 MW HPC data center in Ellendale, North Dakota, on land located adjacent to our existing 180 MW data center hosting facility, which is the first of three planned buildings on this site for a total of 400 MW of capacity. These facilities are being designed and purpose-built for GPUs, and will sit separate from our current buildings and host more traditional HPC applications.

The Company plans to lease these purpose-built data centers to one or more hyperscalers. We are concurrently negotiating and working closely with multiple hyperscalers on lease terms for the same premises.

We believe our Ellendale HPC data center is a unique asset, in that it is the largest data center of its kind and furthest along in construction compared to any other comparable data center, making it a market leader. The market for data centers is intensely competitive and we believe there is strong interest among tier-one hyperscalers to lease this data center. We intend to continue working with several hyperscalers toward entering into definitive, long term lease documentation. We intend to accept the proposal from the hyperscaler that we perceive to present the best opportunity to enhance value for the Company and our shareholders in a market relevant timeframe. Despite the significant work we have undertaken with respect to these negotiations, we cannot be certain that we will actually finalize lease documentation with any one of these hyperscalers with which we have engaged in negotiations to date, or at all. We therefore cannot give any assurance that we will enter into a lease for our Ellendale HPC data center on terms favorable to us, or at all, or generate any revenue from this data center. If we are unable to generate revenue from our Ellendale HPC data center, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be materially adversely affected.

We plan to lease these purpose-built data centers to one or more hyperscalers. We are concurrently negotiating and working closely with multiple hyperscalers on lease terms for the same premises.

We believe our HPC Ellendale Facility is a unique asset, in that it is the largest data center of its kind and furthest along in construction compared to any other comparable data center, making it a market leader. The market for data centers is intensely competitive and we believe there is strong interest among tier-one hyperscalers to lease this data center. We intend to continue working with several hyperscalers toward entering into definitive, long term lease documentation. We intend to accept the proposal from the hyperscaler that we perceive to present the best opportunity to enhance value for the Company and our shareholders in a market relevant timeframe. Despite the significant work we have undertaken with respect to these negotiations, we cannot be certain that we will actually finalize lease documentation with any one of these hyperscalers with which we have engaged in negotiations to date, or at all. We therefore cannot give any assurance that we will enter into a lease for our HPC Ellendale Facility on terms favorable to us, or at all, or generate any revenue from this data center. If we are unable to generate revenue from our HPC Ellendale Facility, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be materially adversely affected.

We are subject to risks associated with our need for significant electrical power.

Our operations require significant amounts of electrical power and we anticipate our demand for electrical power will continue to grow as we begin to operate the HPC Ellendale Facility. The fluctuating price of electricity required for our operations and to power our expansion may inhibit our profitability. If we are unable to continue to obtain sufficient electrical power on a cost-effective basis, we may not realize the anticipated benefits of our significant capital investments.

Furthermore, we currently have a minimum commitment of approximately $61.1 million related to the energy services agreement for our Jamestown, North Dakota co-hosting facility payable over the remaining term of the services agreement of approximately 2.2 years as of November 30, 2024. Any delay or failure to make timely payments under this agreement could risk the operation of our Jamestown, North Dakota co-hosting facility, which would have a material adverse effect on our business.

Additionally, our operations could be materially adversely affected by prolonged power outages. Although certain critical functions of our facilities may be powered by backup generators on a temporary basis, it may not be feasible or cost-effective to run on back-up power generators for extended periods of time. Therefore, we may have to reduce or cease our operations in the event of an extended power outage, or as a result of the unavailability or increased cost of electrical power. If this were to occur, our business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

We are continuing to invest in our expansion efforts but may not have sufficient customer demand in the future to realize expected returns on these investments.

We expect to continue to expand our data center footprint. In connection with our expansion plans, we may be required to commit significant operational and financial resources, but there can be no guarantee we will have sufficient customer demand in those markets to support the data centers once they are built. This risk may be greater in a market where we have not operated previously. Once development of a data center facility is complete, we incur certain operating expenses even if there are no customers occupying any space. Consequently, if any of our properties have significant vacancies for an extended period of time, our results of operations and business and financial condition will be adversely affected, the impact of which could be material. In addition, unanticipated technological changes could affect customer requirements for data centers, and we may not have built such requirements into our new data centers. If any of these developments or contingencies were to occur, it could make it difficult for us to realize expected or reasonable returns on our investments.

Our anticipated partnership with MAM is subject to closing conditions and no assurance can be given that those closing conditions will be met and the transactions contemplated by the Unit Purchase Agreement will be consummated.

On January 13, 2025, APLDH entered into the Unit Purchase Agreement with the Purchaser. Pursuant to the terms of the Unit Purchase Agreement, at the Closing, APLDH will issue perpetual preferred equity units and common equity units for an initial investment by MAM of $225 million payable to APLDH at the Closing. The Closing is conditioned upon, among other things:

•the negotiation and execution of the limited liability company agreement for APLDH which, among other things, shall (i) set forth the Purchaser’s right to invest an additional $675 million to fund the development of the remaining 300 MW of the Ellendale Campus following execution of leases approved by the Purchaser within 15 months of Closing, and (ii) set forth the Purchaser’s right to invest up to an additional $4.1 billion on the same terms of the Preferred Units (as defined in the Unit Purchase Agreement) to provide a portion of the equity financing for future HPC datacenter development projects presented to the Purchaser by APLDH during the 30 months following the Closing; a corporate services agreement between the Company, APLDH and the Purchaser and a management incentive plan for APLDH;

•the execution of a lease with a hyperscaler for the first 100 MW on the HPC Ellendale Facility, in a form acceptable to the Purchaser; and

•the Company and APLDH carrying out an internal restructuring to segregate the HPC Hosting Business’ assets and liabilities before Closing from the rest of the Company’s assets and liabilities.

No assurance can be given that the parties will successfully negotiate the terms of the foregoing documents, or that APLDH will enter into any such lease or that any such lease would be on terms acceptable to MAM. If the parties do not enter into each of the foregoing documents in form and substance mutually satisfactory to the parties, on or before February 15, 2025, then either MAM or APLDH may terminate the Unit Purchase Agreement, with no further liability to the other (other than the reverse termination fee of $11.25 million payable by MAM under certain specified circumstances, including if the Closing does not occur by July 13, 2025), in which case, the Closing will not occur,.

Any delay in Closing could cause us to not realize some or all of the anticipated benefits of the transactions contemplated by the Unit Purchase Agreement when expected, if at all. If the Unit Purchase Agreement is not consummated, we could be subject to a number of risks that may adversely affect our business and operating results, including, among other things:

•we may be unable to repay project-level debt and recover equity investment in the Ellendale Campus;

•we may need to negotiate other financing options for the HPC Ellendale Campus and/or our HPC data center pipeline;

•our stock price could decline, to the extent it reflects an assumption that Closing will occur;

•our incurrence of significant costs that we would be unable to recoup;

•and negative publicity resulting from the failure to close the Unit Purchase Agreement.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(a) Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

During the three months ended November 30, 2024, there were no other unregistered sales of our securities except as previously reported in our Current Reports on Form 8-K.

The following table sets forth information regarding our purchases of shares of our common stock during the quarter ended November 30, 2024:


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share
September 1, 2024 through September 30, 2024	̶	̶
October 1, 2024 through October 31, 2024	̶	̶
November 1, 2024 through November 30, 2024	4,258,397 (1)	$7.36
Total	4,258,397 (1)

(1)In addition to the purchase of shares of common stock reflected in the above table, on October 30, 2024, in connection with the Senior Unsecured Convertible Notes offering, with an effective date of November 4, 2024, we entered into a transaction with a forward counterparty thereto (the “Counterparty”) pursuant to which, on or before November 3, 2025, the Counterparty is obligated to deliver to us an aggregate of 7,165,300 shares of our common stock (the “Prepaid Forward Transaction”). On October 30, 2024, in connection with the Prepaid Forward Transaction, we paid the Counterparty approximately $52.7 million, which equates to $7.36 per share of common stock.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

During the fiscal quarter ended November 30, 2024, David Rench, our Chief Administrative Officer, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 plan providing for the sale of up to 60,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Pursuant to this plan, Mr. Rench may sell shares of common stock beginning on March 15, 2025, subject to the terms of the agreement, and the plan terminates on December 31, 2025. The trading arrangement is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c).

Except as provided above, none of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K), during the fiscal quarter ended November 30, 2024.

Item 6. Exhibits

EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit Number			Description of Document
3.1			Certificate of Designations of the Powers, Preferences and Relative, Participating, Optional and Other Restrictions of Series E-1 Preferred Stock filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada on November 8, 2024 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 14, 2024).
3.2			Certificate of Amendment, dated November 20, 2024, to Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 21, 2024).
3.3			Certificate, Amendment or Withdrawal of Designation, relating to the Series A Preferred Stock, filed with the Secretary of State of Nevada on October 21, 2024 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on October 24, 2024).
3.4			Certificate, Amendment or Withdrawal of Designation, relating to the Series B Preferred Stock, filed with the Secretary of State of Nevada on October 21, 2024 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on October 24, 2024).
3.5			Certificate, Amendment or Withdrawal of Designation, relating to the Series D Preferred Stock, filed with the Secretary of State of Nevada on October 21, 2024 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on October 24, 2024).
4.1			Form of Warrant (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 2, 2024).
10.1			Form of Securities Purchase Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on September 10, 2024).
10.2			Form of Registration Rights Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on September 10, 2024).
10.3			Dealer Manager Agreement, dated as of September 23, 2024, by and between the Company and Preferred Capital Securities, LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.70 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed with the SEC on September 23, 2024).
10.4			Amended and Restated Services Agreement, by and between Applied Digital Corporation and Preferred Shareholder Services, LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.71 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed with the SEC on September 23, 2024).
10.5			First Amendment to Promissory Note and Waiver Agreement, dated October 8, 2024, by and between APLD Holdings 2 LLC and CIM APLD Lender Holdings, LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC on October 9, 2024).
10.6†			Mohmand Offer Letter, dated October 11, 2014, between Applied Digital Corporation and Saidal Mohmand (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on October 15, 2024).
10.7*†			Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, dated October 17, 2024, between Applied Digital Corporation and Saidal Mohmand.
10.8†			Amendment No. 2 to Executive Employment Agreement, dated October 15, 2024, by and between Applied Digital Corporation and David Rench (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on October 15, 2024).
10.9†			Executive Employment Agreement, dated October 10, 2024, by and between the Company and Wes Cummins (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on October 15, 2024).
10.10*			Letter Agreement, dated October 16, 2024, between Applied Digital Corporation and YA II PN LTD.
10.11†			Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, dated October 10, 2024, between Applied Digital Corporation and Wes Cummins.
10.12			Form of Prepaid Forward Confirmation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 5, 2024).
10.13			Form of Capped Call Confirmation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 5, 2024).


10.14†			Offer Letter, dated November 15, 2024, by and between Applied Digital Corporation and David Rench (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 21, 2024).
10.15*†			Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, dated November 15, 2024, between Applied Digital Corporation and David Rench.
10.16			Applied Digital Corporation 2024 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 21, 2024).
10.17			Form of Incentive Stock Option Grant Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 21, 2024).
10.18			Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Grant Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 21, 2024).
10.19			Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 21, 2024).
10.20			Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 21, 2024).
10.21			Form of Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 21, 2024).
10.22***			Promissory Note, dated November 27, 2024, issued by APLD ELN-02 Holdings LLC and payable to Macquarie Equipment Capital, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on December 2, 2024).
10.23			Limited Parent Guarantee, dated November 27, 2024, issued by APLD Holdings 2 LLC in favor of Macquarie Equipment Capital, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on December 2, 2024).
10.24^			Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, dated November 27, 2024, by and among APLD ELN-02 Holdings LLC, APLD ELN-02 LLC, APLD ELN-02 A LLC, APLD ELN-02 B LLC, APLD ELN-02 C LLC and Macquarie Equipment Capital, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on December 2, 2024).
10.25			Pledge Agreement, dated November 27, 2024, issued by APLD Holdings 2 LLC in favor of Macquarie Equipment Capital, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on December 2, 2024).
31.1*			Chief Executive Officer’s Certificate Pursuant to 15 U.S.C. Section 7241, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*			Chief Financial Officer’s Certificate Pursuant to 15 U.S.C. Section 7241, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**			Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2**			Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS*			Inline XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH*			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL*			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF*			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE*			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104*			Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

*** Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(10)(iv) of Regulation S-K.

† Management compensatory agreement.

^ The schedules to this agreement have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The Company hereby agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule to the SEC upon request.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Dallas, Texas on January 14, 2025.

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION

By:

/s/ Wes Cummins

Name: Wes Cummins

Title: Chief Executive Officer, Secretary and Treasurer (Principal Executive Officer)

By:

/s/ Saidal Mohmand

Name: Saidal Mohmand

Title: Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

EXHIBIT 10.7

RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT AWARD

as of October 17, 2024 (“Grant Date”)

The parties to this Restricted Stock Unit Award (“Award”) are Applied Digital Corporation a Nevada Corporation (the “Company”), and Saidal Mohmand, an employee of the Company (“Employee”).

The Company has retained Employee as an employee of the Company, and wishes to provide Employee with an incentive to put forth maximum effort for the success of the Company’s business.

Pursuant to the terms of the Applied Blockchain, Inc. 2022 Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), the Company has determined to grant Employee as of the Grant Date, an incentive award in the form of 490,000 restricted stock units (“RSUs”), subject to the terms of the Plan, and subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth.

Terms used herein that are defined in the Plan, shall have the same meanings given them in the Plan.

ARTICLE I
GRANT OF RSUS

1.1Each RSU shall have a value equal to the Fair Market Value of one share of the Company’s Common Stock on the relevant date.

1.2The RSUs shall be subject to the terms and conditions of this Award.

1.3Except as provided in this Award, the RSUs shall remain unvested, nontransferable and are subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture in accordance with the terms of this Award.

1.4RSUs granted to the Employee shall be credited to an account (the “Account”) established and maintained for the Employee. An Employee’s Account shall be the record of RSUs granted to the Employee under the Plan, is solely for accounting purposes and shall not require a segregation of any Company assets.

1.5To accept the RSUs, please execute and return this Award where indicated (including acceptance via an electronic platform maintained by the Company or a third-party administrator engaged by the Company) by October 10, 2025 (the “Acceptance Deadline”). By executing this Award and accepting your RSUs, you will have agreed to all the terms and conditions set forth in this Award and the Plan. The grant of the RSUs will be considered null and void, and acceptance of the RSUs will be of no effect, if you do not execute and return this Award by the Acceptance Deadline.

ARTICLE II
VESTING OF RSUs

2.1Employee’s RSUs shall be vested in accordance with this Article II.

2.2The RSUs shall vest in accordance with the following schedule:

One-sixth (1/6th) of the RSUs shall vest on April 4, 2025 (the “First Vesting Date”), and one-sixth (1/6th) of the RSUs shall vest on each six (6) month anniversary of the First Vesting Date thereafter, such that the RSUs shall be fully vested on October 4, 2027, in each case, subject to Employee’s continued employment with Company through the applicable vesting date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if (i) a Change of Control is consummated prior to October 15, 2025, vesting of fifty percent (50%) of the then-unvested portion of the RSUs shall accelerate upon consummation of such Change of Control (or, in the event a Replacement Award is not issued with respect to any RSUs that would not otherwise vest, except as otherwise provided in Section 4.1(c) hereof, vesting of one hundred percent (100%) of the RSUs shall accelerate upon consummation of such Change of Control), and (ii) if a Change of Control is consummated on or after October 15, 2025, then one-hundred percent (100%) of the then-unvested RSUs shall accelerate upon consummation of such Change of Control, in the case of each of (i) and (ii), subject to Employee’s continued employment with the Company through the consummation of such Change of Control.

2.3Subject to Article IV of this Award, all RSUs that are forfeitable shall be forfeited if Employee’s employment shall be terminated for any reason.

2.4Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, in the event Employee’s employment with the Company is terminated for Cause, then any shares of Common Stock that have previously been issued to Employee hereunder, and all then-unvested RSUs (and any RSUs that have vested but with respect to which payment has not been made), shall automatically, without further action, notice, or deed, be forfeited, without payment of consideration therefor.

ARTICLE III
PAYMENT OF THE RSUs

3.1Payment of the vested RSUs shall be made as soon as practicable after the RSUs have vested, but in no event later than March 15th of the calendar year after the calendar year in which the RSUs vest.

3.2The vested RSUs shall be paid in cash or whole shares of Common Stock or a combination thereof, as determined in the sole discretion of the Company.

3.3If Employee dies prior to the payment of their vested RSUs, any vested RSUs shall be paid to their Beneficiary as designated or determined in accordance with the terms of the Plan.

ARTICLE IV
CHANGE OF CONTROL

4.1Except as provided in Section 2.2, in the event a Change of Control is consummated prior to the forfeiture of the RSUs under Section 2.3, the provisions of this Article IV shall apply.

(a)Subject to subparagraphs (b) and (d) of this Section 4.1, if, upon the consummation of a Change of Control, Employee receives a new award which qualifies as a Replacement Award (as defined below), the Replacement Award shall replace this Award and continue subject to the Replacement Award’s terms.

(i)A “Replacement Award” is an award that substitutes for this Award and meets the following requirements: (i) it has a value at least equal to the value of this Award as determined under applicable law and by the Committee in its sole discretion; (ii) it relates to publicly traded equity securities of the Company or its successor in the Change of Control or another entity that is affiliated with the Company or its successor following the consummation of such Change of Control; and (iii) its other terms and conditions are not less favorable to Employee than the terms and conditions of this Award (including the provisions that would apply in the event of the consummation of a subsequent Change of Control). Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Replacement Award may take the form of a continuation of this Award if the requirements of the preceding sentence are satisfied. The determination of whether the conditions of a Replacement Award are satisfied shall be made by the Committee, as constituted immediately before the consummation of the applicable Change of Control, in its sole discretion.

(b)If, following the consummation of a Change of Control, the Company’s shares continue to be traded on The Trading Market or another established securities market, this Award shall continue in effect and be treated as a Replacement Award.

(c)If, upon consummation of a Change of Control that results in the Company’s shares no longer being traded on The Trading Market or another established securities market, (1) a Replacement Award (without regard to clause (ii) of the definition thereof) is granted to Employee, such Replacement Award shall replace this Award and continue subject to the Replacement Award’s terms, and (ii) no Replacement Award (without regard to clause (ii) of the definition thereof) is granted to Employee, the unvested portion of this Award shall become vested immediately prior to the consummation of the Change in Control.

(d)Notwithstanding the foregoing, upon the consummation of a Change of Control, the Committee may determine that this Award shall be canceled and terminated for consideration instead.

(e)If, in connection with the consummation of a Change of Control, Employee’s payment of this Award will cause Employee to be liable for federal excise tax under Code Section 4999 levied on certain “excess parachute payments” as defined in Code Section 280G (“Excise Tax”), then the payments made pursuant to the Awards shall be reduced (or repaid to the Company, if previously paid or provided) as provided below:

(i)If the payments due upon the consummation of a Change of Control under this Award and any other agreement between Employee and the Company, exceed 2.99 times Employee’s “base amount,” as defined in Code Section 280G, a reduced payment amount shall be calculated by reducing the payments to the minimum extent necessary so that no portion of any payment, as so reduced or repaid, constitutes an excess parachute payment. If it is determined that any Excise Tax is payable by Employee, Employee shall receive either (i) all payments otherwise due; or (ii) the reduced payment amount described in the preceding sentence, whichever will provide Employee with the greater after-tax economic benefit taking into account for these purposes any applicable excise tax.

(ii)Whether payments are to be reduced pursuant to this subparagraph (e), and the extent to which they are to be so reduced, will be determined solely by the Company in good faith and the Company will notify Employee in writing of its determination.

(iii)In no event shall Employee be entitled to receive any kind of gross-up payment or excise tax reimbursement from the Company.

ARTICLE V
MISCELLANEOUS

5.1 The Company may withhold from the Award, to the extent paid in Shares, the number of whole Shares of the Company’s common stock necessary to satisfy tax-withholding requirements attributable to the vesting of the RSUs. Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is Employee’s responsibility to properly report all income and remit all Federal, state, and local taxes that may be due to the relevant taxing authorities as the result of the vesting of this RSU Award.

5.2The terms of this RSU shall be adjusted as the Committee determines is equitable in the event the Company effects one or more stock dividends, stock split-ups, subdivisions or consolidations of shares or other similar changes in capitalization.

5.3Whenever the term “Employee” is used in any provision of this Award under circumstances where the provision should logically be construed to apply to the executors, the administrators, or the person or persons to whom the RSUs may be transferred by will or by the laws of descent and distribution, the term “Employee” shall be deemed to include such person or persons.

5.4Employee shall not be deemed for any purpose to be a shareholder of the Company in respect of any shares as to which the RSUs shall not have been vested and paid in Common Stock.

5.5Nothing in this Award or otherwise shall obligate the Company to vest any of the RSUs, to permit the RSUs to be earned and vested other than in accordance with the terms hereof or to grant any waivers of the terms of this Award, regardless of what actions the Company, the Board or the Committee may take or waivers the Company, the Board or the Committee may grant under the terms of or with respect to any RSU now or hereafter granted to any other person or any other RSU granted to Employee.

5.6Notwithstanding any other provision hereof, Employee shall not earn or vest in the RSUs granted hereunder, and the Company shall not be obligated to issue any shares to Employee hereunder, if the earning or vesting thereof or the issuance of such shares would constitute a violation by Employee or the Company of any provision of any law or regulation of any governmental authority. Any determination in this connection by the Company shall be final and binding. The Company shall in no event be obligated to register any securities pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933 (as the same shall be in effect from time to time) or to take any other affirmative action in order to cause the issuance of shares pursuant this RSU to comply with any law or regulation of any governmental authority.

5.7The RSUs granted hereunder are not transferable by Employee otherwise than by will or the laws of descent and distribution. No assignment or transfer of the RSUs granted hereunder, or of the rights represented thereby, whether voluntary or involuntary, by the operation of law or otherwise (except by will or the laws of descent and distribution), shall vest in the assignee or transferee any interest or right herein whatsoever, but immediately upon any such assignment or transfer the RSUs shall terminate and become of no further effect.

5.8This Award shall be governed by the laws of the State of Texas applicable to agreements made and performed wholly within the State of Texas (regardless of the laws that might otherwise govern under applicable conflicts of laws principles) and applicable federal law. All disputes arising under this Award shall be adjudicated solely within the State or Federal courts located within the State of Texas, Dallas County, and in accordance with the resolution provisions under the Agreement.

5.9This Award, together with the Plan, sets forth a complete understanding between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements and understandings with respect thereto. Except as expressly set forth in this Award, the Company makes no representations, warranties or covenants to Employee with respect to this Award or its subject matter, including with respect to the current or future value of the shares subject to the RSUs. Any modification, amendment or waiver to this Award will be effective only if it is in writing signed by the Company and Employee. The failure of any party to enforce at any time any provision of this Award shall not be construed to be a waiver of that or any other provision of this Award.

5.10This Award shall be administered and interpreted solely by the Committee or its delegated agent. The interpretations and decisions of the Committee with regard to this RSU shall be final and conclusive and binding upon Employee.

5.11It is the intent that this Award comply in all respects with Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act and any related regulations. If any provision of this Award is later found not to be in compliance with such Rule and regulations, the provisions shall be deemed null and void. The provisions of the RSUs under this Award shall be executed in accordance with the requirements of Section 16 of the Exchange Act and regulations promulgated thereunder.

5.12Subject to the limitations set forth herein, this Award shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the legatees, distributees, and personal representatives of Employee and the successors of the Company.

5.13This Award is subject to the terms of any separate Clawback Policy maintained by the Company, as such Policy may be amended from time to time.

5.14Employee hereby acknowledges receipt of a copy of the Plan and this Award, and that they have read and understand the terms and provisions of such documents, and accepts the RSUs subject to all of the terms and conditions of the Plan and the Award.

5.15In the event of any conflict between the provisions of this Award and the provisions of the Plan as in effect from time to time, the provisions of the Plan, as in effect from time to time, shall govern.

5.16Neither this RSU Award nor the granting or vesting of RSUs shall confer upon the Employee any right with respect to continuance of employment by the Company or an Affiliate, nor shall it interfere in any way with the right of the Company or an Affiliate to terminate the Employee’s employment at any time.

[SIGNATURE PAGE TO FOLLOW]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Award as of the day and year first above written.

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION

By: /s/ Wesley Cummins

Name: Wesley Cummins

Title: Chief Executive Officer

Employee:

/s/ Saidal Mohmand

Mohammad Saidal LaVanway Mohmand

EXHIBIT 10.10

LETTER AGREEMENT

October 16, 2024

Applied Digital Corporation

3811 Turtle Creek Blvd., Suite 2100

Dallas, TX 75219

Attention: Wes Cummins

Email: Wes@applieddigital.com

Dear Mr. Cummins:

Reference is hereby made to (i) that certain Standby Equity Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 28, 2024 (as amended by that First Amendment to Standby Equity Purchase Agreement dated August 29, 2024, and as may be amended, amended and restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified in writing from time to time the “SEPA”), by and between YA II PN LTD., a Cayman Islands exempt limited partnership (the “Investor”) and Applied Digital Corporation, a company incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada (the “Company”), and (ii) that certain convertible promissory note issued by the Company to the Investor on March 27, 2024 (APLD-1) (the “Note”). Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the same meanings set forth in the SEPA, unless otherwise indicated herein.

Pursuant to Section XII.4 of the SEPA, the Company was obligated to pay a Commitment Fee in the amount of $2,125,000 by the issuance to the Investor of 456,278 Common Shares (the “Commitment Shares”). The Investor and the Company acknowledge and agree that as of the date hereof, these shares have not been issued.

The Company and the Investor hereby agree that the obligation of the Company to issue the Commitment Shares shall be cancelled and instead the Company agrees to pay the Commitment Fee in cash as set forth below, in satisfaction in full of the Company’s obligations to pay the Commitment Fee pursuant to the SEPA. The Commitment Fee shall be paid by increasing the principal amount of the Note by an amount equal to the Commitment Fee (i.e. $2,125,000), which shall offset and satisfy the Company’s obligation to pay the Commitment Fee in cash under the SEPA and this agreement. The Company and the Investor further agree to permit the prior conversion of the Note in the full amount set forth in the Conversion Notice dated September 9, 2024, which conversion the Company had previously limited to give effect to the Exchange Cap (as defined under the Note).

As a result of the foregoing, upon execution of this agreement, the parties acknowledge and agree that the total principal amount outstanding under the Note shall be $6,922,711.65

(inclusive of the $2,125,000 Commitment Fee). The additional amount of the Commitment Fee added to the principal balance of the Note shall be paid in accordance with, and be subject to, all of the terms and conditions of the Note, provided that, the Investor hereby waives the requirement of the Company to make any monthly payments pursuant to Section 1(c) of the Note (in respect of the entire principal balance outstanding) that were due, or may come due as a result of any Amortization Event (as defined in the Note) prior to the Maturity Date of the Note. In addition, the Investor hereby waives the requirement of the Company to file the Initial Registration Statement by the Filing Date (each as defined under the Registration Rights Agreement by and between the Company and the Investor dated August 29, 2024) and instead agrees that such Initial Registration Statement shall be filed no later than 9 am Eastern Standard Time on October 18, 2024.

Sections 5, 8, 10 and 11 of the Note are incorporated herein by reference, mutatis mutandis.

[Signature Page Follows]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this agreement as of the date first written above.

YA II PN, LTD.

By: Yorkville Advisors Global, LP

Its: Investment Manager

By: Yorkville Advisors Global II, LLC

Its: General Partner

By: /s/ Matt Beckman

Name: Matt Beckman

Acknowledged and Agreed:

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION

By: /s/ David Rench
Name: David Rench
Title: Chief Administrative Officer

EXHIBIT 10.11

RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT AWARD

as of October 10, 2024 (“Grant Date”)

The parties to this Restricted Stock Unit Award (“Award”) are Applied Digital Corporation, a Nevada Corporation (the “Company”), and Wes Cummins, an employee of the Company (“Employee”).

The Company has retained Employee as an employee of the Company, and wishes to provide Employee with an incentive to put forth maximum effort for the success of the Company’s business.

Pursuant to the terms of the Applied Blockchain, Inc. 2022 Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), the Company has determined to grant Employee as of the Grant Date, an incentive award in the form of 600,000 restricted stock units (“RSUs”), subject to the terms of the Plan, and subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth.

Terms used herein that are defined in the Plan, shall have the same meanings given them in the Plan.

ARTICLE I
GRANT OF RSUS

1.1Each RSU shall have a value equal to the Fair Market Value of one share of the Company’s Common Stock on the relevant date.

1.2The RSUs shall be subject to the terms and conditions of this Award.

1.3Except as provided in this Award, the RSUs shall remain unvested, nontransferable and are subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture in accordance with the terms of this Award.

1.5To accept the RSUs, please execute and return this Award where indicated (including acceptance via an electronic platform maintained by the Company or a third-party administrator engaged by the Company) by October 3, 2025 (the “Acceptance Deadline”). By executing this Award and accepting your RSUs, you will have agreed to all the terms and conditions set forth in this Award and the Plan. The grant of the RSUs will be considered null and void, and acceptance of the RSUs will be of no effect, if you do not execute and return this Award by the Acceptance Deadline.

ARTICLE II
VESTING OF RSUs

2.1Employee’s RSUs shall be vested in accordance with this Article II.

2.2The RSUs shall vest in accordance with the following schedule:

2.3One-third (1/3) of the RSUs shall vest on the first (1st) anniversary of the Grant Date, and one-sixth (1/6) of the RSUs (i.e., 100,000 RSUs) shall vest on each six (6)-month anniversary date thereafter, such that all RSUs shall be vested in full on the third (3rd) anniversary of the Grant Date, in each case, subject to Employee’s continued employment with the Company through the applicable vesting date.

2.4Subject to Section 2.4 and Article IV of this Award, all RSUs that are forfeitable shall be forfeited if Employee’s employment shall be terminated for any reason.

2.5Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2.3 hereof, (i) if the Employee’s employment is terminated pursuant to Section 3(b)(iv), Section 3(b)(v) or Section 3(b)(vii) of that certain employment agreement by and between the Employee and the Company, dated as of October 10, 2024 (as amended, restated, or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Employment Agreement”) vesting of the RSUs shall accelerate in accordance with, and subject to the terms and conditions of, Section 4(d) of the Employment Agreement, and (ii) if the termination described in clause (i) is not a “Change in Control Termination” (as defined in the Employment Agreement), all unvested RSUs (after giving effect to any acceleration pursuant to clause (i) of this sentence) shall initially remain outstanding, and (1) in the event no “Change in Control” is consummated within ninety (90) days of the date of Employee’s termination, shall automatically be forfeited, without payment of consideration, upon the expiration of such ninety (90) day period, and (2) in the event a “Change in Control” is consummated within such ninety (90) day period, vesting of such unvested RSUs shall accelerate in accordance with, and subject to the terms and conditions of, such Section 4(d). For purposes of this Section 2.4, “Change in Control” shall have the meaning given such term in the Employment Agreement.

2.6Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, in the event Employee’s employment with the Company is terminated for Cause, then any shares of Common Stock that have previously been issued to Employee hereunder, and all then-unvested RSUs (and any RSUs that have vested but with respect to which payment has not been made), shall automatically, without further action, notice, or deed, be forfeited, without payment of consideration therefor.

ARTICLE III
PAYMENT OF THE RSUs

3.2The vested RSUs shall be paid in cash or whole shares of Common Stock or a combination thereof, as determined in the sole discretion of the Company.

3.3If Employee dies prior to the payment of their vested RSUs, any vested RSUs shall be paid to their Beneficiary as designated or determined in accordance with the terms of the Plan.

ARTICLE IV
CHANGE OF CONTROL

4.1Except as otherwise provided in Section 2.4, in the event a Change of Control is consummated prior to the forfeiture of the RSUs under Section 2.3 or 2.4, as applicable, the provisions of this Article IV shall apply.

(a)A “Replacement Award” is an award that substitutes for this Award and meets the following requirements: (i) it has a value at least equal to the value of this Award as determined under applicable law and by the Committee in its sole discretion; (ii) it relates to publicly traded equity securities of the Company or its successor in the Change of Control or another entity that is affiliated with the Company or its successor following the consummation of such Change of Control; and (iii) its other terms and conditions are not less favorable to Employee than the terms and conditions of this Award (including the provisions that would apply in the event of the consummation of a subsequent Change of Control). Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Replacement Award may take the form of a continuation of this Award if the requirements of the preceding sentence are satisfied. The determination of whether the conditions of a Replacement Award are satisfied shall be made by the Committee, as constituted immediately before the consummation of the applicable Change of Control, in its sole discretion.

(c)If, upon the consummation of a Change of Control that results in the Company’s shares no longer being traded on The Trading Market or another established securities market and no Replacement Award is granted to Employee, the unvested portion of this Award shall become vested immediately prior to the consummation of the Change of Control.

(d)Notwithstanding the foregoing, upon the consummation of a Change of Control, the Committee may determine that this Award shall be canceled and terminated for consideration instead.

ARTICLE V
MISCELLANEOUS

5.1The Company may withhold from the Award, to the extent paid in Shares, the number of whole Shares of the Company’s common stock necessary to satisfy tax-withholding requirements attributable to the vesting of the RSUs. Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is Employee’s responsibility to properly report all income and remit all Federal, state, and local taxes that may be due to the relevant taxing authorities as the result of the vesting of this RSU Award.

5.4Employee shall not be deemed for any purpose to be a shareholder of the Company in respect of any shares as to which the RSUs shall not have been vested and paid in Common Stock.

5.13This Award is subject to the terms of any separate Clawback Policy maintained by the Company, as such Policy may be amended from time to time.

[SIGNATURE PAGE TO FOLLOW]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Award as of the day and year first above written.

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION

By: /s/ Saidal Mohmand

Name: Saidal Mohmand

Title: Chief Financial Officer

Employee:

/s/ Wesley Cummins

Wesley Cummins

EXHIBIT 10.15

RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT AWARD

as of November 15, 2024 (“Grant Date”)

The parties to this Restricted Stock Unit Award (“Award”) are Applied Digital Corporation a Nevada Corporation (the “Company”), and David Rench, an employee of the Company (“Employee”).

The Company has retained Employee as an employee of the Company, and wishes to provide Employee with an incentive to put forth maximum effort for the success of the Company’s business.

Terms used herein that are defined in the Plan, shall have the same meanings given them in the Plan.

ARTICLE I
GRANT OF RSUS

1.1Each RSU shall have a value equal to the Fair Market Value of one share of the Company’s Common Stock on the relevant date.

1.2The RSUs shall be subject to the terms and conditions of this Award.

1.3Except as provided in this Award, the RSUs shall remain unvested, nontransferable and are subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture in accordance with the terms of this Award.

1.5To accept the RSUs, please execute and return this Award where indicated (including acceptance via an electronic platform maintained by the Company or a third-party administrator engaged by the Company) by March 28, 2025 (the “Acceptance Deadline”). By executing this Award and accepting your RSUs, you will have agreed to all the terms and conditions set forth in this Award and the Plan. The grant of the RSUs will be considered null and void, and acceptance of the RSUs will be of no effect, if you do not execute and return this Award by the Acceptance Deadline.

ARTICLE II
VESTING OF RSUs

2.1Employee’s RSUs shall be vested in accordance with this Article II.

2.2The RSUs shall vest in accordance with the following schedule:

One-sixth (1/6th) of the RSUs shall vest on April 4, 2025 (the “First Vesting Date”), and one-sixth (1/6th) of the RSUs shall vest on each six (6) month anniversary of the First Vesting Date thereafter, such that the RSUs shall be fully vested on October 4, 2027, in each case, subject to Employee’s continued employment with Company through the applicable vesting date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if (i) a Change of Control is consummated prior to November 15, 2025, vesting of fifty percent (50%) of the then-unvested portion of the RSUs shall accelerate upon consummation of such Change of Control (or, in the event a Replacement Award is not issued with respect to any RSUs that would not otherwise vest, except as otherwise provided in Section 4.1(c) hereof, vesting of one hundred percent (100%) of the RSUs shall accelerate upon consummation of such Change of Control), and (ii) if a Change of Control is consummated on or after November 15, 2025, then one-hundred percent (100%) of the then-unvested RSUs shall accelerate upon consummation of such Change of Control, in the case of each of (i) and (ii), subject to Employee’s continued employment with the Company through the consummation of such Change of Control.

2.3Subject to Article IV of this Award, all RSUs that are forfeitable shall be forfeited if Employee’s employment shall be terminated for any reason.

ARTICLE III
PAYMENT OF THE RSUs

3.2The vested RSUs shall be paid in cash or whole shares of Common Stock or a combination thereof, as determined in the sole discretion of the Company.

3.3If Employee dies prior to the payment of their vested RSUs, any vested RSUs shall be paid to their Beneficiary as designated or determined in accordance with the terms of the Plan.

ARTICLE IV
CHANGE OF CONTROL

4.1Except as provided in Section 2.2, in the event a Change of Control is consummated prior to the forfeiture of the RSUs under Section 2.3, the provisions of this Article IV shall apply.

(d)Notwithstanding the foregoing, upon the consummation of a Change of Control, the Committee may determine that this Award shall be canceled and terminated for consideration instead.

(iii)In no event shall Employee be entitled to receive any kind of gross-up payment or excise tax reimbursement from the Company.

ARTICLE V
MISCELLANEOUS

5.4Employee shall not be deemed for any purpose to be a shareholder of the Company in respect of any shares as to which the RSUs shall not have been vested and paid in Common Stock.

5.13This Award is subject to the terms of any separate Clawback Policy maintained by the Company, as such Policy may be amended from time to time.

[SIGNATURE PAGE TO FOLLOW]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Award as of the day and year first above written.

APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION

By: /s/ Wesley Cummins

Name: Wesley Cummins

Title: Chief Executive Officer

Employee:

/s/ David Rench

David Rench

Exhibit No. 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Wesley Cummins, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended November 30, 2024 of Applied Digital Corporation;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Date:	January 14, 2025	By:	/s/ Wesley Cummins
			Wesley Cummins, Chief Executive Officer, Treasurer, Chairperson of the Board and Director (Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit No. 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Saidal Mohmand, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended November 30, 2024 of Applied Digital Corporation;

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Date:	January 14, 2025	By:	/s/ Saidal Mohmand
			Saidal Mohmand, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Exhibit No. 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended November 30, 2024 of Applied Digital Corporation (the “Company”) as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Wesley Cummins, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


Date:	January 14, 2025	By:	/s/ Wesley Cummins
			Wesley Cummins, Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit No. 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended November 30, 2024 of Applied Digital Corporation (the “Company”) as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Saidal Mohmand, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


Date:	January 14, 2025	By:	/s/ Saidal Mohmand
			Saidal Mohmand, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Cover - shares	6 Months Ended
Cover - shares	Nov. 30, 2024	Jan. 13, 2025
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Nov. 30, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-31968
Entity Registrant Name	APPLIED DIGITAL CORPORATION
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	NV
Entity Tax Identification Number	95-4863690
Entity Address, Address Line One	3811 Turtle Creek Boulevard
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 2100
Entity Address, City or Town	Dallas
Entity Address, State or Province	TX
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	75219
City Area Code	214
Local Phone Number	427-1704
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, par value $0.001 per share
Trading Symbol	APLD
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		222,903,471
Entity Central Index Key	0001144879
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--05-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2025
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Amendment Flag	false

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Nov. 30, 2024	May 31, 2024
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 286,237	$ 3,339
Restricted cash	21,342	21,349
Accounts receivable	12,313	3,847
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	8,496	1,343
Current assets held for sale	0	384
Total current assets	328,388	30,262
Property and equipment, net	772,664	340,381
Operating lease right of use assets, net	140,583	153,611
Finance lease right of use assets, net	261,452	218,683
Other assets	40,082	19,930
TOTAL ASSETS	1,543,169	762,867
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	192,017	116,117
Accrued liabilities	31,625	26,282
Current portion of operating lease liability	23,096	21,705
Current portion of finance lease liability	136,511	107,683
Current portion of debt	6,543	10,082
Current portion of debt, at fair value	4,798	35,836
Due to customer	7,355	13,002
Other current liabilities	96	96
Total current liabilities	424,353	385,537
Long-term portion of operating lease liability	97,821	109,740
Long-term portion of finance lease liability	62,397	63,288
Total liabilities	1,052,815	638,037
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 400,000,000 shares authorized, 225,846,268 shares issued and 216,555,069 shares outstanding at November 30, 2024, and 144,083,944 shares issued and 139,051,142 shares outstanding at May 31, 2024	222	144
Treasury stock, 9,291,199 shares at November 30, 2024 and 5,032,802 shares at May 31, 2024, at cost	(31,400)	(62)
Additional paid in capital	858,713	374,738
Accumulated deficit	(392,963)	(249,990)
Total stockholders’ equity attributable to Applied Digital Corporation	434,572	124,830
TOTAL LIABILITIES, TEMPORARY EQUITY AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	1,543,169	762,867
Series E Preferred Stock
Current liabilities:
Preferred stock	6,932	0
Series F Preferred Stock
Current liabilities:
Preferred stock	43,000	0
Series E-1 Preferred Stock
Current liabilities:
Preferred stock	5,850	0
Nonrelated Party
Current liabilities:
Customer deposits	16,125	13,819
Deferred revenue	6,187	37,674
Long-term debt	468,244	79,472
Related Party
Current liabilities:
Customer deposits	0	1,549
Deferred revenue	$ 0	$ 1,692

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Nov. 30, 2024	May 31, 2024
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	400,000,000	400,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	225,846,268	144,083,944
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	216,555,069	139,051,142
Treasury stock (in shares)	(9,291,199)	(5,032,802)
Series E Preferred Stock
Temporary equity, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Temporary equity, shares authorized (in shares)	2,000,000	2,000,000
Temporary equity, shares issued (in shares)	301,673	0
Temporary equity outstanding (in shares)	301,673	0
Series F Preferred Stock
Temporary equity, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Temporary equity, shares authorized (in shares)	53,191	0
Temporary equity, shares issued (in shares)	53,191	0
Temporary equity outstanding (in shares)	43,000	0
Series E-1 Preferred Stock
Temporary equity, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Temporary equity, shares authorized (in shares)	62,500	0
Temporary equity, shares issued (in shares)	6,359	0
Temporary equity outstanding (in shares)	6,359	0

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

3 Months Ended

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2024

Nov. 30, 2023

Nov. 30, 2024

Nov. 30, 2023

Revenue:

Total revenue

$ 63,868

$ 42,203

$ 124,572

$ 78,527

Costs and expenses:

Cost of revenues

52,361

29,769

113,421

54,990

Selling, general and administrative

^[1]

29,789

20,266

44,129

36,437

Loss/(gain) on classification of held for sale

^[2]

192

(24,616)

Loss on abandonment of assets

141

769

Loss from legal settlement

2,380

Total costs and expenses

82,483

50,115

133,703

93,807

Operating loss

(18,615)

(7,912)

(9,131)

(15,280)

Interest expense, net

^[3]

7,482

2,617

14,790

4,750

Loss on conversion of debt

25,410

33,612

Loss on change in fair value of debt

87,218

85,439

Loss on extinguishment of related party debt

2,353

Net loss before income tax expenses

(138,725)

(10,529)

(142,972)

(22,383)

Income tax expense (benefit)

Net loss

(138,726)

(10,529)

(142,973)

(22,383)

Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest

(397)

Preferred dividends

(629)

(673)

Net loss attributable to Common Stockholders

$ (139,355)

$ (10,529)

$ (143,646)

$ (21,986)

Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in dollars per share)

$ (0.66)

$ (0.10)

$ (0.80)

$ (0.21)

Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in dollars per share)

$ (0.66)

$ (0.10)

$ (0.80)

$ (0.21)

Basic weighted average number of shares outstanding (in shares)

209,560,339

109,663,030

179,119,398

105,067,375

Diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding (in shares)

209,560,339

109,663,030

179,119,398

105,067,375

Nonrelated Party

Revenue:

Total revenue

$ 63,868

$ 38,569

$ 122,646

$ 70,708

Related Party

Revenue:

Total revenue

3,634

1,926

7,819

Costs and expenses:

Selling, general and administrative

100

200

100

300

Interest expense, net

$ 0

$ 700

$ 0

$ 700

[1]	Includes related party selling, general and administrative expense of $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended November 30, 2024 and November 30, 2023, respectively, and $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the six months ended November 30, 2024 and November 30, 2023, respectively. See Note 5 - Related Party Transactions for further discussion of related party transactions.
[2]	Includes $25 million received in connection with the sale of our Garden City facility for the six months ended November 30, 2024. See Note 10 - Commitments and Contingencies for further discussion.
[3]	Includes related party interest expense of $0.7 million for the three and six months ended November 30, 2023. There was no related party debt outstanding during the three and six months ended November 30, 2024 and as such, no interest expense was incurred related to related party debt. See Note 5 - Related Party Transactions for further discussion of related party transactions.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

3 Months Ended

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Nov. 30, 2024

Nov. 30, 2023

Nov. 30, 2024

Nov. 30, 2023

Selling, general and administrative

^[1]

$ 29,789

$ 20,266

$ 44,129

$ 36,437

Interest expense, net

^[2]

7,482

2,617

14,790

4,750

Disposed of by sale | Mara Garden City Facility

Proceeds from sale

$ 25,000

25,000

Related Party

Selling, general and administrative

100

200

100

300

Interest expense, net

$ 0

$ 700

$ 0

$ 700

[1]	Includes related party selling, general and administrative expense of $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended November 30, 2024 and November 30, 2023, respectively, and $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the six months ended November 30, 2024 and November 30, 2023, respectively. See Note 5 - Related Party Transactions for further discussion of related party transactions.
[2]	Includes related party interest expense of $0.7 million for the three and six months ended November 30, 2023. There was no related party debt outstanding during the three and six months ended November 30, 2024 and as such, no interest expense was incurred related to related party debt. See Note 5 - Related Party Transactions for further discussion of related party transactions.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Temporary Equity and Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Conversions of debt	Conversion of preferred stock	Series E Preferred Stock	Series F Preferred Stock	Series E-1 Preferred Stock	Stockholders’ Equity	Common Stock	Common Stock Conversions of debt	Common Stock Conversion of preferred stock	Treasury Stock	Additional Paid in Capital	Additional Paid in Capital Conversions of debt	Additional Paid in Capital Conversion of preferred stock	Additional Paid in Capital Series E Preferred Stock	Additional Paid in Capital Series F Preferred Stock	Accumulated Deficit	Noncontrolling Interest
Beginning balance, common stock (in shares) at May. 31, 2023								100,927,358
Beginning balance at May. 31, 2023	$ 69,679						$ 59,517	$ 101			$ (62)	$ 160,194					$ (100,716)	$ 10,162
Beginning balance, treasury stock (in shares) at May. 31, 2023											(5,001,728)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Shares issued in offering, net of costs (in shares)								14,787,598
Shares issued in offering, net of costs	98,156						98,156	$ 16				98,140
Issuance of common stock from stock plans (in shares)								5,534,837
Issuance of common stock from stock plans	0						0	$ 5				(5)
Issuance of warrants, at fair value	0
Stock issuance costs	(234)						(234)					(234)
Stock-based compensation	10,440						10,440					10,440
Extinguishment of noncontrolling interest (in shares)								1,484,267
Extinguishment of noncontrolling interest	0						9,765	$ 1				9,764						(9,765)
Net loss	(22,383)						(21,986)										(21,986)	(397)
Ending balance, common stock (in shares) at Nov. 30, 2023								122,734,060
Ending balance at Nov. 30, 2023	155,658						155,658	$ 123			$ (62)	278,299					(122,702)	0
Ending balance, treasury stock (in shares) at Nov. 30, 2023											(5,001,728)
Beginning balance, common stock (in shares) at Aug. 31, 2023								110,850,885
Beginning balance at Aug. 31, 2023	127,948						127,948	$ 110			$ (62)	240,073					(112,173)
Beginning balance, treasury stock (in shares) at Aug. 31, 2023											(5,001,728)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Shares issued in offering, net of costs (in shares)								6,879,070
Shares issued in offering, net of costs	33,440						33,440	$ 8				33,432
Issuance of common stock from stock plans (in shares)								5,004,105
Issuance of common stock from stock plans	0							$ 5				(5)
Stock-based compensation	4,799						4,799					4,799
Net loss	(10,529)						(10,529)										(10,529)
Ending balance, common stock (in shares) at Nov. 30, 2023								122,734,060
Ending balance at Nov. 30, 2023	$ 155,658						$ 155,658	$ 123			$ (62)	278,299					(122,702)	$ 0
Ending balance, treasury stock (in shares) at Nov. 30, 2023											(5,001,728)
Temporary equity outstanding (in shares) at May. 31, 2024				0	0	0
Temporary equity , beginning balance at May. 31, 2024				$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Preferred Series E Stock, net of issuance costs/Preferred Series F Stock, net of issuance costs/Preferred Series E-1 Stock, net of issuance costs (in shares)				301,673	53,191	6,359
Preferred Series E Stock, net of issuance costs/Preferred Series F Stock, net of issuance costs/Preferred Series E-1 Stock, net of issuance costs				$ 6,932	$ 48,350	$ 5,850
Conversion of preferred stock (in shares)					(10,191)
Conversion of preferred stock					$ (5,350)
Temporary equity outstanding (in shares) at Nov. 30, 2024				301,673	43,000	6,359
Temporary equity , ending balance at Nov. 30, 2024				$ 6,932	$ 43,000	$ 5,850
Beginning balance, common stock (in shares) at May. 31, 2024	139,051,142							144,083,944
Beginning balance at May. 31, 2024	$ 124,830							$ 144			$ (62)	374,738					(249,990)
Beginning balance, treasury stock (in shares) at May. 31, 2024	(5,032,802)										(5,032,802)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Shares issued in offering, net of costs (in shares)								55,506,938
Shares issued in offering, net of costs	$ 180,838							$ 55				180,783
Issuance of common stock from stock plans (in shares)								1,267,179
Issuance of common stock from stock plans	0							$ 2				(2)
Conversions of debt / preferred stock (in shares)									19,050,204	1,455,857
Conversions of debt / preferred stock		$ 104,945	$ 10,191						$ 19	$ 1			$ 104,926	$ 10,190
Issuance of shares (in shares)								628,541
Issuance of shares	519			$ 6				$ 1				518			$ 6
Issuance of warrants, at fair value	44,115											44,115
Conversion of warrants (in shares)								3,853,605
Conversion of warrants	0							$ 4				(4)
Stock issuance costs					$ (4,841)											$ (4,841)
Preferred Stock Dividends	(672)											(672)
Stock-based compensation	542											542
Share repurchase (in shares)											(4,258,397)
Share repurchase	(31,342)							$ (4)			$ (31,338)
Purchase of capped call options	(51,750)											(51,750)
Purchase of prepaid forward contract	(52,736)											(52,736)
Reclass of conversion option	252,900											252,900
Net loss	$ (142,973)																(142,973)
Ending balance, common stock (in shares) at Nov. 30, 2024	216,555,069							225,846,268
Ending balance at Nov. 30, 2024	$ 434,572							$ 222			$ (31,400)	858,713					(392,963)
Ending balance, treasury stock (in shares) at Nov. 30, 2024	(9,291,199)										(9,291,199)
Temporary equity outstanding (in shares) at Aug. 31, 2024				301,673	53,191	0
Temporary equity , beginning balance at Aug. 31, 2024				$ 6,932	$ 48,350	$ 0
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Preferred Series E Stock, net of issuance costs/Preferred Series F Stock, net of issuance costs/Preferred Series E-1 Stock, net of issuance costs (in shares)						6,359
Preferred Series E Stock, net of issuance costs/Preferred Series F Stock, net of issuance costs/Preferred Series E-1 Stock, net of issuance costs						$ 5,850
Conversion of preferred stock (in shares)					(10,191)
Conversion of preferred stock					$ (5,350)
Temporary equity outstanding (in shares) at Nov. 30, 2024				301,673	43,000	6,359
Temporary equity , ending balance at Nov. 30, 2024				$ 6,932	$ 43,000	$ 5,850
Beginning balance, common stock (in shares) at Aug. 31, 2024								162,471,048
Beginning balance at Aug. 31, 2024	$ 241,846							$ 162			$ (62)	496,027					(254,281)
Beginning balance, treasury stock (in shares) at Aug. 31, 2024											(5,032,802)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Shares issued in offering, net of costs (in shares)								49,382,720
Shares issued in offering, net of costs	149,817							$ 49				149,768
Issuance of common stock from stock plans (in shares)								497,271
Issuance of common stock from stock plans	0							$ 1				(1)
Conversions of debt / preferred stock (in shares)									7,657,226	1,455,857
Conversions of debt / preferred stock		$ 48,744	$ 10,191						$ 8	$ 1			$ 48,736	$ 10,190
Issuance of shares (in shares)								528,541
Issuance of shares	0							$ 1				(1)
Issuance of warrants, at fair value	7,636											7,636
Conversion of warrants (in shares)								3,853,605
Conversion of warrants	0							$ 4				(4)
Stock issuance costs					$ (4,841)											$ (4,841)
Preferred Stock Dividends	(628)											(672)					44
Stock-based compensation	3,461											3,461
Share repurchase (in shares)											(4,258,397)
Share repurchase	(31,342)							$ (4)			$ (31,338)
Purchase of capped call options	(51,750)											(51,750)
Purchase of prepaid forward contract	(52,736)											(52,736)
Reclass of conversion option	252,900											252,900
Net loss	$ (138,726)																(138,726)
Ending balance, common stock (in shares) at Nov. 30, 2024	216,555,069							225,846,268
Ending balance at Nov. 30, 2024	$ 434,572							$ 222			$ (31,400)	$ 858,713					$ (392,963)
Ending balance, treasury stock (in shares) at Nov. 30, 2024	(9,291,199)										(9,291,199)

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2024	Nov. 30, 2023
CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss	$ (142,973)	$ (22,383)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	60,761	21,284
Stock-based compensation	542	10,440
Lease expense	15,380	2,294
Loss on extinguishment of debt	0	2,353
Loss on legal settlement	0	2,380
Amortization of debt issuance costs	2,424	352
Gain on classification of held for sale	(24,616)	0
Loss on conversion of debt	33,612	0
Loss on change in fair value of debt	85,439	0
Loss on abandonment of assets	769	189
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(8,466)	(225)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(7,153)	496
Accounts payable	(82,849)	6,440
Accrued liabilities	(2,515)	(1,914)
Due to customer	(5,647)	0
Lease assets and liabilities	(19,382)	(19,198)
Other assets	(1,058)	(1,040)
CASH FLOW (USED IN) PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES	(128,154)	9,054
CASH FLOW FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchases of property and equipment and other assets	(225,847)	(45,828)
Proceeds from satisfaction of contingency on sale of assets	25,000	0
Finance lease prepayments	(5,270)	(19,388)
Purchases of investments	(1,422)	(390)
CASH FLOW USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES	(207,539)	(65,606)
CASH FLOW FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Repayment of finance leases	(62,170)	(13,071)
Payment of deferred financing costs	(28,927)	0
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	191,590	98,156
Common stock issuance costs	(10,233)	(234)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock	67,085	0
Preferred stock issuance costs	(5,947)	0
Dividends issued on preferred stock	(672)	0
Proceeds from issuance of SAFE agreement included in long-term debt	12,000	0
Repurchase of shares	(31,342)
Proceeds from convertible notes	450,000	0
Purchase of capped call options	(51,750)	0
Purchase of prepaid forward contract	(52,736)	0
CASH FLOW PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES	618,584	47,611
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH	282,891	(8,941)
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD	31,688	43,574
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, END OF PERIOD	314,579	34,633
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Interest paid	33,144	4,370
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH ACTIVITIES
Operating right-of-use assets obtained by lease obligation	0	69,329
Finance right-of-use assets obtained by lease obligation	97,489	96,946
Property and equipment in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	165,721	23,572
Conversion of debt to common stock	104,945	0
Extinguishment of non-controlling interest	0	9,765
Loss from legal settlement	0	2,300
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock	10,191	0
Cashless exercise of warrants	4	0
Issuance of warrants, at fair value	44,115	0
Nonrelated Party
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Customer deposits	2,306	4,274
Deferred revenue	(31,487)	2,883
CASH FLOW FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Borrowings of long-term debt	275,000	4,732
Repayments of long-term debt	(133,314)	(4,472)
Related Party
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Customer deposits	(1,549)	0
Deferred revenue	(1,692)	429
CASH FLOW FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Borrowings of related party debt	0	8,000
Repayment of related party debt	$ 0	$ (45,500)

Business and Organization	6 Months Ended
Business and Organization	Nov. 30, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Business and Organization	Business and Organization Applied Digital Corporation (the “Company”), is a designer, builder, and operator of digital infrastructure providing cost-competitive solutions to customers. The Company has three reportable segments. Financial information for each segment is contained in “Note 11 - Business Segments”.

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

Significant Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

Data Center Hosting Revenue

Cloud Services Revenue

Segments

Reclassifications

Income Statement

These reclassifications had no impact on reported net loss, cash flows, or total assets and liabilities.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash


	November 30, 2024		May 31, 2024
Cash and cash equivalents	$	286,237	$	3,339
Restricted cash	21,342		21,349
Restricted cash included in other assets	7,000		7,000
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	314,579	$	31,688

Liquidity

Property and Equipment

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following as of November 30, 2024 and May 31, 2024 (in thousands):


	Estimated Useful Life	November 30, 2024		May 31, 2024
Networking equipment, electrical equipment, and software	5 years	$	33,640	$	32,517
Electric generation and transformers	15 years	9,933		9,933
Land and building
Building	39 years	108,847		103,990
Land		19,047		6,205
Land improvements	15 years	1,380		1,380
Leasehold improvements	3 years - 7 years	1,142		1,051
Construction in progress		609,055		190,162
Other equipment and fixtures	5 years - 7 years	9,932		9,552
Total cost of property and equipment		792,976		354,790
Accumulated depreciation		(20,312)		(14,409)
Property and equipment, net		$	772,664	$	340,381

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Below is a summary of the Company’s revenue concentration by major customers for the three and six months ended November 30, 2024 and November 30, 2023, respectively.


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Customer A	51	%	70	%	49	%	69	%





Customer G	16	%	11	%	16	%	—	%
Customer H	28	%	—	%	27	%	—	%

Deferred Revenue

Changes in the Company's deferred revenue balances for the six months ended November 30, 2024 and November 30, 2023, respectively, are shown in the following table (in thousands):


	Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	39,366	$	48,692
Advance billings	87,522		81,839
Revenue recognized	(124,322)		(78,527)
Other adjustments	3,621		—
Less: Related party balances	—		(1,953)
Balance, end of period	$	6,187	$	50,051

Customer Deposits

Changes in the Company's customer deposits balances for the six months ended November 30, 2024 and November 30, 2023, respectively, are shown in the following table (in thousands):


	Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	15,367	$	36,370
Customer deposits received	5,698		4,274
Customer deposits refunded	(3,373)		—
Customer deposits applied	(1,567)		—

Less: Related party balances	—		(3,811)
Balance, end of period	$	16,125	$	36,833

Related Party Transactions

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2024

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Revenue

The following table illustrates related party revenue for the three and six months ended November 30, 2024 and November 30, 2023 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Customer D*	$	—	$	1,986	$	992	$	4,319
Customer E**	$	—	$	1,648	$	678	$	3,500

The following table illustrates related party deferred revenue and deposits balances as of November 30, 2024 and May 31, 2024 (in thousands):


	Customer D balances as of				Customer E balances as of
	November 30, 2024		May 31, 2024		November 30, 2024		May 31, 2024
Deferred revenue	$	—	$	993	$	—	$	699
Customer deposits	$	—	$	895	$	—	$	654

Related Party Sublease Income

Other Related Party Transactions

Related party transactions included within selling, general, and administrative expense on the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations include the following:

Debt

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following components (in thousands):


	Interest Rate	Maturity Date	November 30, 2024		May 31, 2024
Senior Unsecured Convertible Notes	2.75%	June 2030	450,000		—
Macquarie Promissory Note (1)	0.25%	May 2026	166,500		—
Starion Ellendale Loan (2)	7.48%	February 2028	14,256		16,145
Vantage Transformer Loan	6.50%	February 2029	—		3,609
Cornerstone Bank Loan (3)	8.59%	March 2029	14,255		15,576
Yorkville Convertible Debt	—%	April and June 2025	—		80,243
Starion Term Loan (4)	6.50%	July 2027	8,564		10,021
Other long-term debt (5)			12,259		297
Deferred financing costs, net of amortization			(191,047)		(501)
Less: Current portion of debt			(6,543)		(45,918)
Long-term debt, net			$	468,244	$	79,472

(5)Inclusive in this number is $12.0 million of proceeds from the issuance of two SAFE agreements which were accounted for as liabilities. See further discussion below.

Remaining Principal Payments

Below is a summary of the remaining principal payments due over the life of the term loans as of November 30, 2024 (in thousands):


Remainder of FY25	$	4,913
FY26	176,953
FY27	11,132
FY28	7,659
FY29	3,176
Thereafter (1)	462,000
Total	$	665,833

(1)Includes $12.0 million of proceeds from the issuance of two SAFE agreements which were accounted for as liabilities. See further discussion below.

Letters of Credit

Yorkville Convertible Debt

CIM Arrangement & Warrants


	Initial Warrants		Additional Warrants
Warrant issue date	June 17, 2024		August 11, 2024
Contractual term	5 years		5 years

Volatility	105	%	110	%
Risk-free rate	4.25	%	3.76	%
Dividend yield	—	%	—	%

Yorkville Amendments

SAFE

Senior Unsecured Convertible Notes

Prepaid Forward Repurchase Transaction

Capped Call Transaction

Macquarie Promissory Note


	Macquarie Warrants
Contractual term	5.5 years

Volatility	95	%
Risk-free rate	4.08	%
Dividend yield	—	%

Stockholders' Equity

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

Common Stock

Increases In Authorized Shares

Roth Capital Partners LLC

At-the-Market Sales Agreement

Standby Equity Purchase Agreement ("SEPA")

Private Placement

Equity Plans

2024 Plan

2022 Plans

Restricted Stock Awards

The following is a summary of the activity and balances for unvested restricted stock awards granted for the six months ended November 30, 2024:


	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Outstanding as of May 31, 2024	638,895	$	4.01
Granted	—	—
Vested	(142,565)	4.96
Forfeited	—	—
Outstanding as of November 30, 2024	496,330	$	3.73

As of November 30, 2024, total remaining expense to be recognized related to these awards was $1.4 million and the weighted average remaining recognition period for the unvested awards was 2.1 years.

Restricted Stock Units

The following is a summary of the activity and balances for unvested restricted stock units granted during the six months ended November 30, 2024:


	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Outstanding as of May 31, 2024	8,355,080	$	3.58
Granted	3,823,550	6.44
Vested	(1,419,102)	5.07
Forfeited	(3,659,213)	2.27
Outstanding as of November 30, 2024	7,100,315	$	5.50

Temporary Equity	6 Months Ended
Temporary Equity	Nov. 30, 2024
Temporary Equity Disclosure [Abstract]
Temporary Equity	Temporary Equity Preferred Stock Series E Redeemable Preferred Stock During the six months ended November 30, 2024, the Company closed on four offerings of the Series E Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series E Preferred Stock”). The Company sold total shares of 301,673 for proceeds of $6.9 million net of issuance costs of $0.6 million. The shares of Series E Preferred Stock have no voting or conversion rights. Holders of the Series E Preferred Stock are entitled to receive cumulative dividends at a fixed rate of 9.0% per annum. Dividends are calculated based on a 360-day year, declared and accrued monthly, and payable at the discretion of the Board of Directors out of legally available funds. Dividends must be fully paid for all past periods before any distributions can be made to common stockholders or any junior series of equity securities. During the three and six months ended November 30, 2024, the Company declared and paid approximately $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, of dividends related to Series E Preferred Stock as presented on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Series E Preferred Stock ranks senior to all classes of common stock and junior to all existing and future debt of the Company. Additionally, it is on parity with any future series of preferred stock with substantially identical terms but may rank junior to any future series of preferred stock if the holders of such series are entitled to rights and preferences with priority over the holders of the Series E Preferred Stock. In the event of liquidation, holders are entitled to receive $25.00 per share (the “Series E Stated Value”) plus any accrued but unpaid dividends before any distributions are made to common stockholders. The Series E Preferred Stock has no stated maturity and remains outstanding indefinitely unless redeemed or repurchased by the Company. Holders may require the Company to redeem any portion of their Series E Preferred Stock at any time for a "Settlement Amount" calculated as the Series E Stated Value plus any unpaid dividends, less a Holder Optional Redemption Fee, equal to a percentage of the Series E Stated Value based on the year when the redemption occurs as follows: 9.00% prior to the first anniversary of the respective tranche closing date (the "Original Issuance Date"); 7.00% on or after the first anniversary but prior to the second anniversary of the Original Issuance Date; 5.00% on or after the second anniversary but prior to the third anniversary of the Original Issuance Date: and 0.00% on or after the third anniversary of the Original Issuance Date. The Settlement Amount can be settled in cash or shares of common stock, subject to a share cap, which limits the total shares deliverable upon redemption to 19.99% of the common stock outstanding prior to the Series E Preferred Stock offering (25,475,751 shares, the “Share Cap”). Any portion of the Settlement Amount exceeding this cap will be settled in cash. The Company may also redeem shares of Series E Preferred Stock after the second anniversary of the original issuance date, with a minimum notice of 10 days, at the Company Optional Redemption Settlement Amount, which is equal to the Series E Stated Value per share plus any unpaid and accrued dividends. If the Company elects to pay the redemption amount in shares, then the number of shares to be delivered will be calculated as the Company Optional Redemption Settlement Amount divided by the closing price per share of the common stock on the date of the Company Optional Redemption exercise, subject to the Share Cap. The Series E Preferred Stock offering was terminated on August 9, 2024. Series F Convertible Preferred Stock On August 29, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement for the private placement of 53,191 shares of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series F Convertible Preferred Stock”), including 3,191 shares representing an original issue discount of 6%. The transaction closed on August 30, 2024, for total proceeds of $50.0 million, prior to fees paid to Northland Securities, Inc. for their role as placement agent in an amount equal to 3.5% of the total proceeds. The shares of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock are convertible into shares of common stock only upon the receipt of shareholder approval, which was received on November 20, 2024. Holders of the Series F Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to cumulative dividends at an annual rate of 8.0% of the stated value of $1,000 per share (the “Series F Stated Value”), payable quarterly in arrears. Dividends are calculated based on a 360-day year, declared and accrued quarterly, and payable at the discretion of the Board of Directors out of legally available funds. Dividends must be fully paid for all past periods before any distributions can be made to common stockholders or any junior series of equity securities. During the three and six months ended November 30, 2024, the Company declared and paid approximately $0.4 million, respectively, of dividends related to the Series F Convertible Preferred Stock as presented on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Series F Convertible Preferred Stock ranks senior to all classes of common stock and junior to all existing and future debt of the Company. In the event of liquidation, holders are entitled to receive the Series F Stated Value plus any accrued but unpaid dividends before any distributions are made to common stockholders. Series F Convertible Preferred Stock is on parity with the Series E Preferred Stock, Series E-1 Preferred Stock and any future series of preferred stock with substantially identical terms. Upon the receipt of shareholder approval on November 20, 2024, the Series F Convertible Preferred Stock votes on an as-converted basis, subject to a cap equal to the greater of (x) the conversion price then in effect or (y) $4.0638. Holders have the right to require the Company to redeem the Series F Convertible Preferred Stock under certain conditions, including a Change of Control or Trading Failure, each as defined in the Series F Convertible Preferred Stock certificate of designation. If there is a Change of Control, the redemption price is the greater of the Series F Stated Value or the amount that would have been received if the Series F Convertible Preferred Stock had been converted into common stock immediately prior to the redemption event. If there is a Trading Failure, the redemption price is the greater of the Series F Stated Value or the product of the lowest conversion price during the period beginning on the date immediately preceding the Trading Failure and ending on the date the holder delivers a Redemption Notice, multiplied by the number of shares of common stock into which the preferred stock is convertible at the then-effective conversion price. Additionally, holders have a one-time right to require the Company to redeem their shares between December 31, 2024, and January 10, 2025 in which case the redemption price is the Series F Stated Value. Further, upon receipt of shareholder approval of the conversion feature of the Series F Convertible Preferred Stock, which approval was received on November 20, 2024, if the VWAP for any 20 Trading Days during any 30 consecutive trading day period, beginning with the original issuance date of the applicable preferred stock, exceeds two hundred percent (200%) of the conversion price then in effect, the Company may, at any time cause the holder to convert all or part of the holder’s preferred stock. During the three months ended November 30, 2024, 10,191 shares of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock were converted into approximately 1.5 million shares of the Company’s common stock. Subsequent to the quarter end, the remaining 43,000 shares of the Series F Convertible Preferred Stock were converted into approximately 6.1 million shares of the Company’s common stock. Series E-1 Preferred Stock On September 23, 2024, the Company entered into a dealer manager agreement for the offering of up to 62,500 shares of Series E-1 Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Series E-1 Preferred Stock”), at a price per share of $1,000 (the “Series E-1 Stated Value”). During the three months ended November 30, 2024, the Company closed on two offerings of the Series E-1 Preferred Stock in which the Company issued and sold 6,359 shares for gross proceeds of $6.4 million. The Series E-1 Preferred Stock offering remains ongoing as of the date of this report. The shares of Series E-1 Preferred Stock have no voting or conversion rights. Holders of the Series E-1 Preferred Stock are entitled to receive cumulative dividends at a fixed rate of 9.0% per annum of the Series E-1 Stated Value. Dividends are calculated based on a 360-day year, declared and accrued monthly, and payable at the discretion of the Board of Directors out of legally available funds. Dividends on the shares of Series E-1 Preferred Stock must be fully paid for all past periods before any distributions can be made to common stockholders or any junior series of equity securities. During the three and six months ended November 30, 2024, the Company declared and paid approximately $48,000 of dividends related to the Series E-1 Preferred Stock as presented on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Series E-1 Preferred Stock ranks senior to all classes or series of common stock and junior to all existing and future debt of the Company. Additionally, the Series E-1 Preferred Stock is on parity with the Series E Preferred Stock, the Series F Convertible Preferred Stock and any future series of preferred stock with substantially identical terms but may rank junior to any future series of preferred stock if the holders of such series are entitled to rights and preferences with priority over the holders of the Series E-1 Preferred Stock. In the event of liquidation, holders of the Series E-1 Preferred Stock and holders of shares of any other class or series of capital stock ranking senior to or on a parity with the Series E-1 Preferred Stock, are entitled to receive an amount per share equal to the Series E-1 Stated Value plus an amount per share that is issuable as a result of any accrued but unpaid dividends before any distributions are made to common stockholders. The Series E-1 Preferred Stock has no stated maturity and remains outstanding indefinitely unless redeemed or repurchased by the Company. Holders may require the Company to redeem any portion of their Series E-1 Preferred Stock at any time for a "Settlement Amount" calculated as the Series E-1 Stated Value plus any unpaid dividends, less a Holder Optional Redemption Fee equal to a percentage of the Series E-1 Stated Value based on the year when the redemption occurs as follows: 9.00% prior to the first anniversary of the respective tranche closing date (the "Original Issuance Date"); 7.00% on or after the first anniversary but prior to the second anniversary of the Original Issuance Date; 5.00% on or after the second anniversary but prior to the third anniversary of the Original Issuance Date: and —% on or after the third anniversary of the Original Issuance Date. The Settlement Amount can be settled in cash or shares of common stock at the sole option of the Company, subject to a share cap (if required by Nasdaq rules and regulations), which limits the total shares deliverable upon redemption to 19.99% of the common stock outstanding immediately prior to the Series E-1 Preferred Stock offering (25,889,470 shares, the “Share Cap”), unless approval by the Company’s stockholders is obtained to exceed the Share Cap. Any portion of the Settlement Amount exceeding this cap will be settled in cash. Holders may not redeem any shares of Series E-1 Preferred Stock for common stock prior to the first anniversary of the Original Issuance Date. The Company may also redeem shares of the Series E-1 Preferred Stock after the second anniversary of the Original Issuance Date, with a minimum notice of 10 days, at a redemption price equal to the Series E-1 Stated Value plus any accrued but unpaid dividends. If the Company elects to pay the redemption amount in shares, then the number of shares to be delivered will be calculated as the Settlement Amount divided by the closing price per share of the common stock on the last trading day prior to the date upon which notice was provided to the holder, subject to the Share Cap, if applicable.

Leases

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Operating lease cost:
Operating lease expense	$	8,941	$	2,486	$	17,882	$	2,970
Short-term lease expense	39		80		60		207
Total operating lease cost	8,980		2,566		17,942		3,177
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of right-of-use assets(1)	23,381		10,860		54,651		16,490
Interest on lease liabilities	4,923		1,659		9,279		2,741
Total finance lease cost	28,304		12,519		63,930		19,231
Variable lease cost	62		40		117		77
Sublease Income	—		(24)		—		(47)
Total net lease cost	$	37,346	$	15,101	$	81,989	$	22,438

(1) Amortization of right-of-use assets is included within cost of revenues and selling, general and administrative expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The following table represents the Company’s future minimum lease payments as of November 30, 2024:


	Operating Leases		Finance Leases		Total
Remainder of FY25	$	15,609	$	70,935	$	86,544
FY26	32,035		143,804		175,839
FY27	32,697		14		32,711
FY28	33,453		1		33,454
FY29	25,240		—		25,240
Thereafter	3,536		—		3,536
Total lease payments	142,570		214,754		357,324
Less: imputed interest	(21,653)		(15,846)		(37,499)
Total lease liabilities	120,917		198,908		319,825
Less: Current portion of lease liability	(23,096)		(136,511)		(159,607)
Long-term portion of lease liability	$	97,821	$	62,397	$	160,218

Supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases is as follows:


	Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Weighted-average years remaining (in years):
Finance leases	3.6 years		5.5 years
Operating leases	3.2 years		5.7 years

Weighted-average discount rate:
Finance leases	10.2	%	8.8	%
Operating leases	7.8	%	7.9	%

The Company has entered into leases which are executed but not yet commenced with total minimum payments of approximately $18.9 million. The payments are for various leases with terms of 2 years.

Leases

Components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Operating lease cost:
Operating lease expense	$	8,941	$	2,486	$	17,882	$	2,970
Short-term lease expense	39		80		60		207
Total operating lease cost	8,980		2,566		17,942		3,177
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of right-of-use assets(1)	23,381		10,860		54,651		16,490
Interest on lease liabilities	4,923		1,659		9,279		2,741
Total finance lease cost	28,304		12,519		63,930		19,231
Variable lease cost	62		40		117		77
Sublease Income	—		(24)		—		(47)
Total net lease cost	$	37,346	$	15,101	$	81,989	$	22,438

(1) Amortization of right-of-use assets is included within cost of revenues and selling, general and administrative expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The following table represents the Company’s future minimum lease payments as of November 30, 2024:


	Operating Leases		Finance Leases		Total
Remainder of FY25	$	15,609	$	70,935	$	86,544
FY26	32,035		143,804		175,839
FY27	32,697		14		32,711
FY28	33,453		1		33,454
FY29	25,240		—		25,240
Thereafter	3,536		—		3,536
Total lease payments	142,570		214,754		357,324
Less: imputed interest	(21,653)		(15,846)		(37,499)
Total lease liabilities	120,917		198,908		319,825
Less: Current portion of lease liability	(23,096)		(136,511)		(159,607)
Long-term portion of lease liability	$	97,821	$	62,397	$	160,218

Supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases is as follows:


	Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Weighted-average years remaining (in years):
Finance leases	3.6 years		5.5 years
Operating leases	3.2 years		5.7 years

Weighted-average discount rate:
Finance leases	10.2	%	8.8	%
Operating leases	7.8	%	7.9	%

The Company has entered into leases which are executed but not yet commenced with total minimum payments of approximately $18.9 million. The payments are for various leases with terms of 2 years.

Commitments and Contingencies	6 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies	Nov. 30, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Commitments and Contingencies Commitments Energy Contracts As of November 30, 2024, the Company had a minimum commitment of approximately $61.1 million related to the energy services agreement for its Jamestown, North Dakota co-hosting facility payable over, approximately, the next 2.2 years. Construction Contracts The Company routinely engages with construction vendors for the construction of our facilities. These engagements are governed by contracts containing standard terms and conditions, including certain milestones that obligate the Company to pay as work is completed. In the event of termination of any of these contracts by the Company, the Company would be liable for all work that has been completed or in process, plus any applicable fees. The Company generally has the right to cancel these open purchase orders prior to delivery or terminate the contracts without cause. Claims and Litigation From time to time, the Company may be involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of operations in the normal course of business. The Company, Wes Cummins, the Company's Chief Executive Officer, and David Rench, the Company's then Chief Financial Officer, have been named as defendants in a putative securities class action lawsuit in the matter styled, McConnell v. Applied Digital Corporation, et al., Case No. 3:23-cv-1805, filed in August 2023 in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas (the “Securities Lawsuit”). Specifically, the complaint asserts claims pursuant to Section 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 based on allegedly false or misleading statements regarding the company’s business, operations, and compliance policies, including claims that the Company overstated the profitability of its Data Center Hosting Business and its ability to successfully transition into a low-cost cloud services provider and that the Company’s board of directors was not “independent” within the meaning of Nasdaq listing rules. On May 22, 2024, the court appointed lead plaintiff and approved lead counsel, and on July 22, 2024, Lead Plaintiff filed an amended complaint which asserts the same claims based on similar allegations in the original complaint. On September 20, 2024, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint. On November 20, 2024, Lead Plaintiff filed his opposition to the Motion to Dismiss. The Company is unable to estimate a range of loss, if any, that could result were there to be an adverse final decision in the Securities Lawsuit. If an unfavorable action were to occur, it is possible that the impact could be material to the Company’s results of operations in the period(s) in which any such outcome becomes probable and estimable. On November 15, 2023, a derivative action was filed in the matter styled, Weich v. Cummins, et al., Case No. A-23-881629-C in the District Court of Clark County, Nevada (the “Derivative Lawsuit”). The Weich complaint named as defendants certain members of the Company’s Board of Directors and its Chief Executive Officer Wesley Cummins and purports to name the Company’s then Chief Financial Officer David Rench as a defendant. The complaint asserted claims for breach of fiduciary duties, corporate waste and unjust enrichment based upon allegations that the defendants caused or allowed the Company to make materially false and misleading statements regarding the Company’s business, operations, and compliance policies. Specifically, the complaint alleged that the Company overstated the profitability of the Data Center Hosting Business and its ability to successfully transition into a low-cost cloud services provider and that the Board was not “independent” within the meaning of Nasdaq listing rules. On February 27, 2024, the derivative plaintiff filed an amended complaint asserting the same claims as the original complaint. On June 5, 2024, following briefing and argument on the defendants’ motion to dismiss the Derivative Lawsuit, the Court entered an order granting the defendants’ motion without prejudice and dismissing all claims against all defendants, including the Company, on the grounds that the plaintiff failed to plead (1) demand futility as to each of plaintiff’s claims or (2) a claim for breach of fiduciary duty. The order dismissed all claims against all defendants, including the Company. The plaintiff can seek leave to file an amended complaint but to date has not done so. The Company is unable to estimate a range of loss, if any, that could result were there to be an adverse final decision in this action. If an unfavorable action were to occur, it is possible that the impact could be material to the Company’s results of operations in the period(s) in which any such outcome becomes probable and estimable. As of November 30, 2024, there were no other pending or threatened lawsuits that could reasonably be expected to have a material effect on the results of the Company’s consolidated operations. There are also no legal proceedings in which any of the Company’s management or affiliates is an adverse party or has a material interest adverse to the Company’s interest. Garden City Release of Escrow Funds On July 30, 2024, the Company announced that it had met the conditional approval requirements related to the release of the escrowed funds from the sale of its Garden City hosting facility. As of the date of this report, the Company has received the remaining $25 million of the purchase price held in escrow pending such conditional approval which was included in gain on classification of held for sale in its unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Business Segments

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Business Segments

Revenue by segment (excluding HPC hosting as that segment has no revenue) was as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Data center hosting segment	$	36,163	$	37,753	$	71,012	$	71,925
Cloud services segment	27,705		4,450		53,560		6,602

Total revenue	$	63,868	$	42,203	$	124,572	$	78,527

Segment profit (loss) and a reconciliation to net loss before income tax expenses is as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Segment profit (loss)
Data center hosting segment (1)	$	12,550	$	10,896	$	48,401	$	19,897
Cloud services segment	(5,810)		(11,559)		(21,620)		(18,964)
HPC hosting segment	(5,839)		(908)		(8,784)		(1,662)
Total segment profit (loss)	901		(1,571)		17,997		(729)
Other (2)	(19,516)		(6,341)		(27,128)		(14,551)
Operating loss	(18,615)		(7,912)		(9,131)		(15,280)
Interest expense, net	7,482		2,617		14,790		4,750
Loss on conversion of debt	25,410		—		33,612		—
Loss on change in fair value of debt	87,218		—		85,439		—

Loss on debt extinguishment	—		—		—		2,353
Net loss before income tax expenses	$	(138,725)	$	(10,529)	$	(142,972)	$	(22,383)

(2)Other includes corporate related items not allocated to reportable segments.

We also provide the following additional segment disclosures (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Depreciation and amortization:
Data center hosting segment	$	3,298	$	4,365	$	6,657	$	7,564
Cloud services segment	21,733		8,782		51,951		13,290
HPC hosting segment	1,353		184		2,074		311
Other (1)	61		93		124		119
Total depreciation and amortization (2)	$	26,445	$	13,424	$	60,806	$	21,284

(1)Other includes corporate related items not allocated to reportable segments.

(2)Includes amortization of the finance lease right-of-use assets.

Information on segment assets and a reconciliation to consolidated assets are as follows (in thousands):


	November 30, 2024		May 31, 2024
Data center hosting segment	$	140,809	$	145,222
Cloud services segment	389,898		374,216
HPC hosting segment	717,131		220,648
Total segment assets	1,247,838		740,086
Other (1)	295,331		22,781
Total assets	$	1,543,169	$	762,867

(1) Other includes corporate related items not allocated to reportable segments.

Earnings Per Share

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Net loss	$	(138,726)	$	(10,529)	$	(142,973)	$	(22,383)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	—		—		—		(397)
Preferred dividends	$	(629)	$	—	$	(673)	$	—
Net loss attributable to Common Stockholders	$	(139,355)	$	(10,529)	$	(143,646)	$	(21,986)

Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders	$	(0.66)	$	(0.10)	$	(0.80)	$	(0.21)
Basic and diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding	209,560,339		109,663,030		179,119,398		105,067,375

Subsequent Events	6 Months Ended
Subsequent Events	Nov. 30, 2024
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent Events Unit Purchase Agreement On January 13, 2025, APLD HPC Holdings LLC (“APLDH”), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a Unit Purchase Agreement (the “Unit Purchase Agreement” or “UPA”) for its HPC Hosting Business with MIP VI HPC Holdings, LLC, which is an affiliate of funds and investment vehicles managed by entities within Macquarie Asset Management (“MAM”). Pursuant to the terms of the UPA, MAM will invest up to $900 million to fund the equity portion of the construction costs for the Company’s 400 MW Ellendale, North Dakota datacenter campus (the “Ellendale Campus”), with the initial investment of $225 million payable at closing, and the remaining $675 million payable in increments of $2.25 million for each executed lease of 1 MW of capacity. MAM also has a right to invest up to an additional $4.1 billion in future HPC development projects. MAM will receive preferred and common units for its investment. The common units represent fifteen percent (15%) of APLDH’s fully diluted common equity. The preferred units will accrue a dividend at a rate of 12.75% per annum, paid in stock or cash, at APLDH’s election, which will increase by 87.5 basis points on the fifth and sixth anniversaries of the closing, if still outstanding, and will carry a minimum 1.80x multiple of invested capital liquidation preference, inclusive of the value of the common equity. The closing is conditioned upon, among other things, APLDH executing a lease with a hyperscaler for the first 100 MW on the Ellendale Campus, in a form acceptable to MAM, the parties finalizing and executing a limited liability company agreement for APLDH (the “LLCA”), for the Company and APLDH to carry out an internal restructuring to segregate the HPC Hosting Business’ assets and liabilities before closing, as well as other customary closing conditions. In addition, the Unit Purchase Agreement provides for the Company to issue to MAM at closing two warrants to purchase 4,458,069 shares each, for a total of 8,916,138 shares of the Company’s common stock at the exercise price of $8.29 per share. The common shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants are subject to customary registration rights pursuant to a registration rights agreement to be executed and delivered at closing. The LLCA is expected to contain customary provisions for transactions of this nature, including, for example, co-sale rights, transfer restrictions, governance rights, redemption rights, forced sale rights, and step-in rights. Other than the event described above and the events described in Note 6 - Debt, Note 7 - Stockholders' Equity and Note 8 - Temporary Equity, there are no additional subsequent events through the date of issuance of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements which require adjustment or disclosure.

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
Insider Trading Arrangements	Nov. 30, 2024 shares	Nov. 30, 2024 shares
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
David Rench [Member]
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Material Terms of Trading Arrangement		During the fiscal quarter ended November 30, 2024, David Rench, our Chief Administrative Officer, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 plan providing for the sale of up to 60,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Pursuant to this plan, Mr. Rench may sell shares of common stock beginning on March 15, 2025, subject to the terms of the agreement, and the plan terminates on December 31, 2025. The trading arrangement is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c). Except as provided above, none of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K), during the fiscal quarter ended November 30, 2024.
Name	David Rench
Title	Chief Administrative Officer
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	true
Adoption Date	November 30, 2024
Expiration Date	December 31, 2025
Arrangement Duration	762 days
Aggregate Available	60,000	60,000

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	6 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of Consolidation The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), including the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the Company's annual consolidated financial statements on Form 10-K have been condensed or omitted. The unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of May 31, 2024 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date, but does not include all disclosures required for audited annual financial statements. In the Company’s opinion, all necessary adjustments have been made for the fair presentation of the results of the interim periods presented. The results of operations for such interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. For further information, please refer to and read these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2024.
Significant Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates	Significant Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates Use of Estimates The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements is in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the balance sheet and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Data Center Hosting Revenue The Company provides energized space to customers who locate their hardware within the Company’s co-hosting facility. All Data Center Hosting performance obligations are achieved simultaneously by providing the hosting environment for the customers’ operations. Customers pay a fixed rate to the Company in exchange for a managed hosting environment supported by customer-provided equipment. Revenue is recognized based on the contractual fixed rate, net of any credits for non-performance, over the term of the agreements. Any ancillary revenue for other services is generally recognized at a point in time when the services are complete. Customer contracts include advance payment terms. All advanced service payments are recorded as deferred revenue and are recognized as revenue once the related service is provided. Cloud Services Revenue The Company also provides managed cloud infrastructure services to customers, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning developers, to help develop their advanced products. Customers pay a fixed rate to the Company in exchange for managed cloud services supported by Company-provided equipment. Revenues are recognized based on the fixed rate, net of any credits for non-performance, over the term of the agreements.
Segments	Segments The Company has identified three reportable segments: data center hosting (“Data Center Hosting Business”), cloud services (“Cloud Services Business”), and high-performance compute hosting (“HPC Hosting Business”). The Company’s chief operating decision-maker evaluates performance, makes operating decisions and allocates resources on both a consolidated basis and on the basis of these three reportable segments. Intercompany transactions between segments are excluded for management reporting purposes. The Data Center Hosting Business operates data centers to provide energized space to crypto mining customers. Customer-owned hardware is installed in the Company’s facilities and the Company provides operational and maintenance services for a fixed fee. The Cloud Services Business operates through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Applied Digital Cloud Corporation, and provides cloud services to customers at third party colocation centers located in Colorado, Minnesota, Nevada and Utah, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning developers, to develop their advanced products. Customers pay a fixed rate to the Company in exchange for an energized space supported by Company-provided equipment. The HPC Hosting Business designs, builds, and operates data centers which are being designed to support high-compute applications using advanced and sophisticated infrastructures to provide services to customers.
Reclassifications	Reclassifications Income Statement We have reclassified certain prior period amounts in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations to conform to our current period presentation. Specifically, we have reclassified certain amounts of “Selling, general and administrative” expenses to “Cost of revenues”. Additionally, we have reclassified certain amounts of “Selling, general and administrative” expense and “Cost of revenues” to “Interest expense, net.” We have also condensed the presentation of segment revenue into a single “Revenue” caption as segment disclosures are presented in Note 11 - Business Segments. These reclassifications had no impact on reported net loss, cash flows, or total assets and liabilities.
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash	Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash The Company has restricted cash related to its letters of credit totaling $28.3 million, which is held in money market funds. The Company is required to keep these balances in separate accounts for the duration of the letter of credit agreements, which have terms of up to two years. These letters of credit were issued in lieu of security deposits. The Company considers the money market funds to be Level 1 which the Company believes approximates fair value.

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash


	November 30, 2024		May 31, 2024
Cash and cash equivalents	$	286,237	$	3,339
Restricted cash	21,342		21,349
Restricted cash included in other assets	7,000		7,000
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	314,579	$	31,688

Property and Equipment (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following as of November 30, 2024 and May 31, 2024 (in thousands):


	Estimated Useful Life	November 30, 2024		May 31, 2024
Networking equipment, electrical equipment, and software	5 years	$	33,640	$	32,517
Electric generation and transformers	15 years	9,933		9,933
Land and building
Building	39 years	108,847		103,990
Land		19,047		6,205
Land improvements	15 years	1,380		1,380
Leasehold improvements	3 years - 7 years	1,142		1,051
Construction in progress		609,055		190,162
Other equipment and fixtures	5 years - 7 years	9,932		9,552
Total cost of property and equipment		792,976		354,790
Accumulated depreciation		(20,312)		(14,409)
Property and equipment, net		$	772,664	$	340,381

Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedules of Concentration of Risk, by Risk Factor

Below is a summary of the Company’s revenue concentration by major customers for the three and six months ended November 30, 2024 and November 30, 2023, respectively.


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Customer A	51	%	70	%	49	%	69	%





Customer G	16	%	11	%	16	%	—	%
Customer H	28	%	—	%	27	%	—	%

Schedule of Deferred Revenue

Changes in the Company's deferred revenue balances for the six months ended November 30, 2024 and November 30, 2023, respectively, are shown in the following table (in thousands):


	Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	39,366	$	48,692
Advance billings	87,522		81,839
Revenue recognized	(124,322)		(78,527)
Other adjustments	3,621		—
Less: Related party balances	—		(1,953)
Balance, end of period	$	6,187	$	50,051

Schedule of Customer Deposits

Changes in the Company's customer deposits balances for the six months ended November 30, 2024 and November 30, 2023, respectively, are shown in the following table (in thousands):


	Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	15,367	$	36,370
Customer deposits received	5,698		4,274
Customer deposits refunded	(3,373)		—
Customer deposits applied	(1,567)		—

Less: Related party balances	—		(3,811)
Balance, end of period	$	16,125	$	36,833

Related Party Transactions (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2024

Schedule of Related Party Transactions

The following table illustrates related party revenue for the three and six months ended November 30, 2024 and November 30, 2023 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Customer D*	$	—	$	1,986	$	992	$	4,319
Customer E**	$	—	$	1,648	$	678	$	3,500

The following table illustrates related party deferred revenue and deposits balances as of November 30, 2024 and May 31, 2024 (in thousands):


	Customer D balances as of				Customer E balances as of
	November 30, 2024		May 31, 2024		November 30, 2024		May 31, 2024
Deferred revenue	$	—	$	993	$	—	$	699
Customer deposits	$	—	$	895	$	—	$	654

Debt (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Long-Term Debt Instruments

Long-term debt consisted of the following components (in thousands):


	Interest Rate	Maturity Date	November 30, 2024		May 31, 2024
Senior Unsecured Convertible Notes	2.75%	June 2030	450,000		—
Macquarie Promissory Note (1)	0.25%	May 2026	166,500		—
Starion Ellendale Loan (2)	7.48%	February 2028	14,256		16,145
Vantage Transformer Loan	6.50%	February 2029	—		3,609
Cornerstone Bank Loan (3)	8.59%	March 2029	14,255		15,576
Yorkville Convertible Debt	—%	April and June 2025	—		80,243
Starion Term Loan (4)	6.50%	July 2027	8,564		10,021
Other long-term debt (5)			12,259		297
Deferred financing costs, net of amortization			(191,047)		(501)
Less: Current portion of debt			(6,543)		(45,918)
Long-term debt, net			$	468,244	$	79,472

(5)Inclusive in this number is $12.0 million of proceeds from the issuance of two SAFE agreements which were accounted for as liabilities. See further discussion below.

Schedule of Maturities of Long-Term Debt

Below is a summary of the remaining principal payments due over the life of the term loans as of November 30, 2024 (in thousands):


Remainder of FY25	$	4,913
FY26	176,953
FY27	11,132
FY28	7,659
FY29	3,176
Thereafter (1)	462,000
Total	$	665,833

(1)Includes $12.0 million of proceeds from the issuance of two SAFE agreements which were accounted for as liabilities. See further discussion below.

Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques

The estimated fair value of the CIM Warrants was based on the following significant inputs:


	Initial Warrants		Additional Warrants
Warrant issue date	June 17, 2024		August 11, 2024
Contractual term	5 years		5 years

Volatility	105	%	110	%
Risk-free rate	4.25	%	3.76	%
Dividend yield	—	%	—	%

The estimated fair value of the Macquarie Warrants was based on the following significant inputs:


	Macquarie Warrants
Contractual term	5.5 years

Volatility	95	%
Risk-free rate	4.08	%
Dividend yield	—	%

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Unit, Activity

The following is a summary of the activity and balances for unvested restricted stock awards granted for the six months ended November 30, 2024:


	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Outstanding as of May 31, 2024	638,895	$	4.01
Granted	—	—
Vested	(142,565)	4.96
Forfeited	—	—
Outstanding as of November 30, 2024	496,330	$	3.73

The following is a summary of the activity and balances for unvested restricted stock units granted during the six months ended November 30, 2024:


	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Outstanding as of May 31, 2024	8,355,080	$	3.58
Granted	3,823,550	6.44
Vested	(1,419,102)	5.07
Forfeited	(3,659,213)	2.27
Outstanding as of November 30, 2024	7,100,315	$	5.50

Leases (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Lease Expense, Supplemental Cash Flow Information and Other Information

Components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Operating lease cost:
Operating lease expense	$	8,941	$	2,486	$	17,882	$	2,970
Short-term lease expense	39		80		60		207
Total operating lease cost	8,980		2,566		17,942		3,177
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of right-of-use assets(1)	23,381		10,860		54,651		16,490
Interest on lease liabilities	4,923		1,659		9,279		2,741
Total finance lease cost	28,304		12,519		63,930		19,231
Variable lease cost	62		40		117		77
Sublease Income	—		(24)		—		(47)
Total net lease cost	$	37,346	$	15,101	$	81,989	$	22,438

(1) Amortization of right-of-use assets is included within cost of revenues and selling, general and administrative expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases is as follows:


	Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Weighted-average years remaining (in years):
Finance leases	3.6 years		5.5 years
Operating leases	3.2 years		5.7 years

Weighted-average discount rate:
Finance leases	10.2	%	8.8	%
Operating leases	7.8	%	7.9	%

Schedule of Future Minimum Operating Lease Payments

The following table represents the Company’s future minimum lease payments as of November 30, 2024:


	Operating Leases		Finance Leases		Total
Remainder of FY25	$	15,609	$	70,935	$	86,544
FY26	32,035		143,804		175,839
FY27	32,697		14		32,711
FY28	33,453		1		33,454
FY29	25,240		—		25,240
Thereafter	3,536		—		3,536
Total lease payments	142,570		214,754		357,324
Less: imputed interest	(21,653)		(15,846)		(37,499)
Total lease liabilities	120,917		198,908		319,825
Less: Current portion of lease liability	(23,096)		(136,511)		(159,607)
Long-term portion of lease liability	$	97,821	$	62,397	$	160,218

Schedule of Future Minimum Finance Lease Payments

The following table represents the Company’s future minimum lease payments as of November 30, 2024:


	Operating Leases		Finance Leases		Total
Remainder of FY25	$	15,609	$	70,935	$	86,544
FY26	32,035		143,804		175,839
FY27	32,697		14		32,711
FY28	33,453		1		33,454
FY29	25,240		—		25,240
Thereafter	3,536		—		3,536
Total lease payments	142,570		214,754		357,324
Less: imputed interest	(21,653)		(15,846)		(37,499)
Total lease liabilities	120,917		198,908		319,825
Less: Current portion of lease liability	(23,096)		(136,511)		(159,607)
Long-term portion of lease liability	$	97,821	$	62,397	$	160,218

Business Segments (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment

Revenue by segment (excluding HPC hosting as that segment has no revenue) was as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Data center hosting segment	$	36,163	$	37,753	$	71,012	$	71,925
Cloud services segment	27,705		4,450		53,560		6,602

Total revenue	$	63,868	$	42,203	$	124,572	$	78,527

We also provide the following additional segment disclosures (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Depreciation and amortization:
Data center hosting segment	$	3,298	$	4,365	$	6,657	$	7,564
Cloud services segment	21,733		8,782		51,951		13,290
HPC hosting segment	1,353		184		2,074		311
Other (1)	61		93		124		119
Total depreciation and amortization (2)	$	26,445	$	13,424	$	60,806	$	21,284

(1)Other includes corporate related items not allocated to reportable segments.

(2)Includes amortization of the finance lease right-of-use assets.

Information on segment assets and a reconciliation to consolidated assets are as follows (in thousands):


	November 30, 2024		May 31, 2024
Data center hosting segment	$	140,809	$	145,222
Cloud services segment	389,898		374,216
HPC hosting segment	717,131		220,648
Total segment assets	1,247,838		740,086
Other (1)	295,331		22,781
Total assets	$	1,543,169	$	762,867

(1) Other includes corporate related items not allocated to reportable segments.

Schedule of Segment Profit and a Reconciliation to Net Income (Loss) Before Income Tax Expenses

Segment profit (loss) and a reconciliation to net loss before income tax expenses is as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Segment profit (loss)
Data center hosting segment (1)	$	12,550	$	10,896	$	48,401	$	19,897
Cloud services segment	(5,810)		(11,559)		(21,620)		(18,964)
HPC hosting segment	(5,839)		(908)		(8,784)		(1,662)
Total segment profit (loss)	901		(1,571)		17,997		(729)
Other (2)	(19,516)		(6,341)		(27,128)		(14,551)
Operating loss	(18,615)		(7,912)		(9,131)		(15,280)
Interest expense, net	7,482		2,617		14,790		4,750
Loss on conversion of debt	25,410		—		33,612		—
Loss on change in fair value of debt	87,218		—		85,439		—

Loss on debt extinguishment	—		—		—		2,353
Net loss before income tax expenses	$	(138,725)	$	(10,529)	$	(142,972)	$	(22,383)

(2)Other includes corporate related items not allocated to reportable segments.

Earnings Per Share (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted

The table below shows the calculation for earnings per share:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023		November 30, 2024		November 30, 2023
Net loss	$	(138,726)	$	(10,529)	$	(142,973)	$	(22,383)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	—		—		—		(397)
Preferred dividends	$	(629)	$	—	$	(673)	$	—
Net loss attributable to Common Stockholders	$	(139,355)	$	(10,529)	$	(143,646)	$	(21,986)

Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders	$	(0.66)	$	(0.10)	$	(0.80)	$	(0.21)
Basic and diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding	209,560,339		109,663,030		179,119,398		105,067,375

Business and Organization (Details)	6 Months Ended
Business and Organization (Details)	Nov. 30, 2024 segment
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Number of reportable segments	3

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2024 USD ($) segment
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Number of reportable segments \| segment	3
Restricted cash	$ 28.3
Letters of credit, term	2 years
Working capital deficit	$ 96.0

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Nov. 30, 2024	May 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 286,237	$ 3,339
Restricted cash	21,342	21,349
Restricted cash included in other assets	7,000	7,000
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$ 314,579	$ 31,688

Property and Equipment - Schedule of Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Nov. 30, 2024	May 31, 2024
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total cost of property and equipment	$ 792,976	$ 354,790
Accumulated depreciation	(20,312)	(14,409)
Property and equipment, net	$ 772,664	340,381
Networking equipment, electrical equipment, and software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	5 years
Total cost of property and equipment	$ 33,640	32,517
Electric generation and transformers
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	15 years
Total cost of property and equipment	$ 9,933	9,933
Building
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	39 years
Total cost of property and equipment	$ 108,847	103,990
Land
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total cost of property and equipment	$ 19,047	6,205
Land improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	15 years
Total cost of property and equipment	$ 1,380	1,380
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total cost of property and equipment	$ 1,142	1,051
Leasehold improvements \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	3 years
Leasehold improvements \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	7 years
Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total cost of property and equipment	$ 609,055	190,162
Other equipment and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total cost of property and equipment	$ 9,932	$ 9,552
Other equipment and fixtures \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	5 years
Other equipment and fixtures \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	7 years

Property and Equipment - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2024	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2024	Nov. 30, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation	$ 3.1	$ 2.6	$ 6.1	$ 4.9

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Schedule of Concentration Risk by Major Customer (Details) - Customer Concentration Risk - Revenue Benchmark	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2024	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2024	Nov. 30, 2023
Customer A
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk	51.00%	70.00%	49.00%	69.00%
Customer G
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk	16.00%	11.00%	16.00%	0.00%
Customer H
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk	28.00%	0.00%	27.00%	0.00%

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Schedule of Deferred Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2024	Nov. 30, 2023
Movement in Deferred Revenue [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	$ 39,366	$ 48,692
Advance billings	87,522	81,839
Revenue recognized	(124,322)	(78,527)
Other adjustments	3,621	0
Related Party
Movement in Deferred Revenue [Roll Forward]
Less: Related party balances	0	(1,953)
Nonrelated Party
Movement in Deferred Revenue [Roll Forward]
Balance, end of period	$ 6,187	$ 50,051

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Schedule of Customer Deposits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2024	Nov. 30, 2023
Customer Deposits [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	$ 15,367	$ 36,370
Customer deposits received	5,698	4,274
Customer deposits refunded	(3,373)	0
Customer deposits applied	(1,567)	0
Related Party
Customer Deposits [Roll Forward]
Less: Related party balances	0	(3,811)
Nonrelated Party
Customer Deposits [Roll Forward]
Balance, end of period	$ 16,125	$ 36,833

Related Party Transactions - Related Party Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended			6 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2024	Aug. 31, 2024	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2024	Nov. 30, 2023	May 31, 2024	May 31, 2023
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 63,868		$ 42,203	$ 124,572	$ 78,527
Deferred revenue						$ 39,366	$ 48,692
Related Party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Total revenue	0		3,634	1,926	7,819
Customer D
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Related party ownership interests		5.00%
Customer D \| Related Party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Total revenue	0		1,986	992	4,319
Deferred revenue	0			0		993
Customer deposits	0			0		895
Customer E
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Related party ownership interests		60.00%
Customer E \| Related Party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Total revenue	0		$ 1,648	678	$ 3,500
Deferred revenue	0			0		699
Customer deposits	$ 0			$ 0		$ 654
Customer E by Individual
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Related party ownership interests		5.00%

Related Party Transactions - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2024	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2024	Nov. 30, 2023
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Sublease Income	$ 0	$ 24,000	$ 0	$ 47,000
Related Party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Sublease Income		24,000		47,100
Related Party \| Construction And Consulting Costs
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Transaction fees	0	100,000	0	200,000
Related Party \| Software License Fees
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Transaction fees	$ 100,000	$ 60,800	$ 100,000	$ 100,000

Debt - Schedule of Long-Term Debt (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
Debt - Schedule of Long-Term Debt (Details) $ in Thousands	Nov. 30, 2024 USD ($) agreement	Aug. 31, 2024 USD ($) agreement	Nov. 30, 2024 USD ($) agreement	May 31, 2024 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds from SAFE agreement	$ 12,000	$ 12,000	$ 12,000
Number of SAFE agreements \| agreement	2	2	2
Medium-Term Note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Other long-term debt	$ 665,833		$ 665,833
Deferred financing costs, net of amortization	(191,047)		(191,047)	$ (501)
Less: Current portion of debt	(6,543)		(6,543)	(45,918)
Long-term debt, net	$ 468,244		$ 468,244	79,472
Senior Unsecured Convertible Notes \| Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate	2.75%		2.75%
Other long-term debt	$ 450,000		$ 450,000	0
Macquarie Promissory Note \| Promissory note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate	0.25%		0.25%
Other long-term debt	$ 166,500		$ 166,500	0
Starion Ellendale Loan \| Medium-Term Note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate	7.48%		7.48%
Other long-term debt	$ 14,256		$ 14,256	16,145
Vantage Transformer Loan \| Medium-Term Note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate	6.50%		6.50%
Other long-term debt	$ 0		$ 0	3,609
Cornerstone bank loan \| Medium-Term Note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate	8.59%		8.59%
Other long-term debt	$ 14,255		$ 14,255	15,576
Yorkville Convertible Debt \| Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate	0.00%		0.00%
Other long-term debt	$ 0		$ 0	80,243
Starion Term Loan \| Medium-Term Note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate	6.50%		6.50%
Other long-term debt	$ 8,564		$ 8,564	10,021
Other Long-Term Debt \| Medium-Term Note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Other long-term debt	$ 12,259		$ 12,259	$ 297

Debt - Schedule of Maturities of Long-Term Debt (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2024 USD ($) agreement	Aug. 31, 2024 USD ($) agreement	Nov. 30, 2024 USD ($) agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds from SAFE agreement	$ 12,000	$ 12,000	$ 12,000
Number of SAFE agreements \| agreement	2	2	2
Medium-Term Note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Remainder of FY25	$ 4,913		$ 4,913
FY26	176,953		176,953
FY27	11,132		11,132
FY28	7,659		7,659
FY29	3,176		3,176
Thereafter	462,000		462,000
Total	$ 665,833		$ 665,833

Debt - Narrative (Details)							1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended			6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
Debt - Narrative (Details)	Nov. 27, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Nov. 20, 2024 USD ($)	Nov. 04, 2024 USD ($) tradingDay $ / shares shares	Oct. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Jun. 07, 2024 USD ($) day $ / shares shares	May 01, 2024 $ / shares	Jan. 14, 2025 shares	Nov. 30, 2024 USD ($) agreement $ / shares shares	Aug. 31, 2024 USD ($) agreement	Nov. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2024 USD ($) agreement $ / shares shares	Nov. 30, 2023 USD ($)	May 31, 2024 USD ($) agreement	Aug. 11, 2024	Jun. 17, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Restricted cash								$ 28,300,000			$ 28,300,000
Conversion of debt to common stock											104,945,000	$ 0
Loss on conversion of debt								25,410,000		$ 0	33,612,000	0
Debt, fair value adjustment								(87,218,000)		$ 0	(85,439,000)	0
Issuance of warrants, at fair value								$ 7,636,000			44,115,000	0
Cashless exercise of warrants											$ 4,000	0
Number of SAFE agreements \| agreement								2	2		2
Proceeds from SAFE agreement								$ 12,000,000	$ 12,000,000		$ 12,000,000
Discount percentage of safe agreement for future equity method investment											90.00%
Proceeds from convertible notes											$ 450,000,000	0
Stock repurchased during period, value			$ 31,300,000					31,342,000			31,342,000
Payments for derivative instrument, financing activities											52,736,000	0
Stock repurchased and retired during period (in shares) \| shares			4,300,000
Shares repurchased, cost per share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			$ 7.36
Purchase of capped call options											51,750,000	$ 0
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage			100.00%
Discount percentage of capitalize interest expense	90.00%
Capped Call Transaction
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Payments for derivative instrument, financing activities				$ 51,800,000
Cap call price				14.72
CIM Warrants
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Cashless exercise of warrants								$ 7,000,000
Class of warrant or right warrants exercised for cash (in shares) \| shares								3,900,000
Warrants and rights outstanding								$ 2,300,000			2,300,000
Prepaid Forward Repurchase Transaction
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Payments for derivative instrument, financing activities											$ 52,700,000
Derivative instrument (in shares) \| shares								7,200,000			7,200,000
Prepaid Forward Repurchase
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Payments for derivative instrument, financing activities			$ 52,700,000
CIM Warrants
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Issuance of warrants, at fair value											$ 36,500,000
Initial Warrants \| Measurement Input, Share Price
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Measurement input															4.36
Additional Warrants \| Measurement Input, Share Price
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Measurement input														3.04
Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Purchase of capped call options			51,800,000
Yorkville Convertible Debt \| Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of prepaid advance agreements \| agreement													2
Promissory note amount													$ 92,100,000
Number of shares to be issued (in shares) \| shares											4,800,000
Number of shares sold in transaction (in shares) \| shares					100,000
Trading days floor price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares					$ 2.00	$ 3.00
Weighted average stock price (in dollars per share) (less than) \| $ / shares					$ 3.00
Trading days \| day					5
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold consecutive trading days \| day					7
Interest Rate								0.00%			0.00%
Yorkville Convertible Debt \| Convertible Debt \| Subsequent Event
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of shares to be issued (in shares) \| shares							4,800,000
Yorkville Convertible Debt, Initial YA Notes \| Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Conversion of debt to common stock								$ 23,300,000			$ 71,300,000
Yorkville Convertible Debt, May PPA \| Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of shares to be issued (in shares) \| shares								7,700,000			19,100,000
Yorkville Convertible Debt, YA Notes \| Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Sale of stock, commitment fee amount								$ 2,100,000			$ 2,100,000
CIM Promissory Note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Extinguishment of debt, amount											9,400,000
CIM Promissory Note \| Promissory note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Promissory note amount					$ 125,000,000
Long-term debt								$ 125,000,000			$ 125,000,000
CIM Promissory Note \| Promissory note \| CIM Warrants
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding (in shares) \| shares								9,265,366			9,265,366
Warrant term								5 years			5 years
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares								$ 4.8005			$ 4.8005
CIM Promissory Note \| Promissory note \| Initial Warrants
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding (in shares) \| shares								6,300,449			6,300,449
CIM Promissory Note \| Promissory note \| Additional Warrants
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding (in shares) \| shares								2,964,917			2,964,917
Convertible Senior Notes Due 2030 \| Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Promissory note amount			450,000,000
Interest Rate								2.75%			2.75%
Proceeds from convertible notes			435,200,000
Stock repurchased during period, value			$ 84,000,000
Debt instrument, convertible, conversion ratio			0.1025431
Convertible Senior Notes Due 2030 \| Convertible Debt \| Embedded Derivative Financial Instruments
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt, fair value adjustment		$ (103,000,000)	$ 13,500,000								$ (89,600,000)
Embedded derivative, fair value			149,900,000
Host financial instrument, fair value			$ 286,600,000
Derivative liability		$ 252,900,000
Convertible Senior Notes Due 2030 \| Convertible Debt \| Debt Conversion Terms One
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Trading days \| tradingDay			20
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold consecutive trading days \| tradingDay			30
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold percentage of stock price trigger			130.00%
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage			100.00%
Senior Unsecured Convertible Notes \| Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate								2.75%			2.75%
Debt instrument, convertible, conversion price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			$ 9.75
Macquarie Promissory Note \| Macquarie Warrants
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Measurement input	7.38
Issuance of warrants, at fair value	$ 7,600,000
Macquarie Promissory Note \| Promissory note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Promissory note amount	$ 150,000,000
Interest Rate								0.25%			0.25%
Debt Instrument, covenant, prepayment prior to The date four months maturity	1.11
Debt Instrument, covenant, prepayment after to The date four months maturity	1.20
Debt instrument, covenant, prepayment after to the date seven months maturity	1.35
Repayment fee	1.35
Fair value, net liability	$ 16,500,000
Macquarie Promissory Note \| Promissory note \| Macquarie Warrants
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding (in shares) \| shares	1,035,197
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 9.66

Debt - Warrant Valuation (Details)	Nov. 27, 2024	Aug. 11, 2024	Jun. 17, 2024
Contractual term \| Initial Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Measurement input			5
Contractual term \| Additional Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Measurement input		5
Contractual term \| Macquarie Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Measurement input	5.5
Volatility \| Initial Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Measurement input			1.05
Volatility \| Additional Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Measurement input		1.10
Volatility \| Macquarie Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Measurement input	0.95
Risk-free rate \| Initial Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Measurement input			0.0425
Risk-free rate \| Additional Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Measurement input		0.0376
Risk-free rate \| Macquarie Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Measurement input	0.0408
Dividend yield \| Initial Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Measurement input			0
Dividend yield \| Additional Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Measurement input		0
Dividend yield \| Macquarie Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Measurement input	0

Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Details)					3 Months Ended			6 Months Ended
Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Details)	Sep. 05, 2024 $ / shares shares	Aug. 28, 2024 USD ($) shares	Jul. 09, 2024 USD ($)	May 06, 2024 USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Aug. 31, 2024 USD ($) shares	Nov. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Nov. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Nov. 20, 2024 shares	Jun. 11, 2024 shares	May 31, 2024 $ / shares shares	Oct. 09, 2021 plan
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares) \| shares					400,000,000			400,000,000		400,000,000	300,000,000	400,000,000
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares) \| shares										10,000,000
Proceeds from issuance of common stock								$ 191,590,000	$ 98,156,000
Payments of stock issuance costs								$ 10,233,000	234,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares					$ 0.001			$ 0.001				$ 0.001
Number of equity incentive plans \| plan													2
Cancelled (in shares) \| shares						2,800,000
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) And Restricted Stock Awards (RSAs)
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Grants to date (in shares) \| shares					20,400,000			20,400,000
Stock-based compensation recognized					$ 3,500,000		$ 4,800,000	$ 500,000	$ 10,400,000
Performance Shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation recognized						$ (6,000,000)
Restricted Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Unrecognized stock compensation expense					1,400,000			$ 1,400,000
Unrecognized stock compensation expense, period for recognition								2 years 1 month 6 days
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Unrecognized stock compensation expense					33,900,000			$ 33,900,000
Unrecognized stock compensation expense, period for recognition								2 years 2 months 12 days
At-the-Market Sales Agreement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock consideration			$ 125,000,000
Number of shares sold in transaction (in shares) \| shares						3,000,000.0
Proceeds from issuance of common stock						$ 16,400,000
Payments of stock issuance costs						$ 500,000
Standby Equity Purchase Agreement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock consideration		$ 250,000,000
Number of shares sold in transaction (in shares) \| shares		456,287
Payments of stock issuance costs		$ 25,000
Sale of stock, commitment fee amount		$ 2,125,000
Private Placement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares sold in transaction (in shares) \| shares	49,382,720
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.001
Price per share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 3.24
Proceeds from sale of stock					$ 160,000,000
Roth Capital Partners LLC \| At-the-Market Sales Agreement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock consideration				$ 25,000,000
Number of shares sold in transaction (in shares) \| shares						3,100,000
Proceeds from issuance of common stock						$ 14,600,000
Payments of stock issuance costs						$ 500,000

Stockholders' Equity - Schedule of Restricted Stock Awards (Details) - Restricted Stock Awards	6 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2024 $ / shares shares
Number of Shares
Outstanding at beginning of period (in shares) \| shares	638,895
Granted (in shares) \| shares	0
Vested (in shares) \| shares	(142,565)
Forfeited (in shares) \| shares	0
Outstanding at end of period (in shares) \| shares	496,330
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Weighted average grant date fair value, outstanding at beginning of period (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 4.01
Granted (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	0
Vested (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	4.96
Forfeited (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	0
Weighted average grant date fair value, outstanding at end of period (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 3.73

Stockholders' Equity - Schedule of Restricted Stock Awards & Units (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) - $ / shares	6 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2024	May 31, 2024
Number of Shares
Outstanding at beginning of period (in shares)	8,355,080
Granted (in shares)	3,823,550
Vested (in shares)	(1,419,102)
Forfeited (in shares)	(3,659,213)
Outstanding at end of period (in shares)	7,100,315
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Weighted average grant date fair value, outstanding at beginning of period (in dollars per share)	$ 5.50	$ 3.58
Granted (in dollars per share)	6.44
Vested (in dollars per share)	5.07
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	2.27
Weighted average grant date fair value, outstanding at end of period (in dollars per share)	$ 5.50

Temporary Equity (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands					2 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Sep. 23, 2024 $ / shares shares	Sep. 05, 2024 shares	Aug. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Aug. 29, 2024 $ / shares shares	Jan. 09, 2025 shares	Nov. 30, 2024 USD ($) offering $ / shares shares	Nov. 30, 2024 USD ($) d offering $ / shares shares	Nov. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Temporary Equity [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock \| $							$ 67,085	$ 0
Payments of stock issuance costs \| $							10,233	234
Dividends issued on preferred stock \| $							$ 672	$ 0
Private Placement
Temporary Equity [Line Items]
Number of shares sold in transaction (in shares)		49,382,720
Series E Preferred Stock
Temporary Equity [Line Items]
Number of offerings \| offering							4
Number of shares sold in transaction (in shares)							301,673
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock \| $							$ 6,900
Payments of stock issuance costs \| $							600
Dividend rate percentage						9.00%
Dividends issued on preferred stock \| $						$ 200	$ 300
Liquidation price per share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares						$ 25.00	$ 25.00
Deliverable limit, percentage of outstanding shares						19.99%	19.99%
Common stock, share cap (in shares)						25,475,751	25,475,751
Minimum notice period							10 days
Series E Preferred Stock \| Preferred Stock, Redemption Period 1
Temporary Equity [Line Items]
Percentage fee equal to stated value						9.00%	9.00%
Series E Preferred Stock \| Preferred Stock, Redemption Period 2
Temporary Equity [Line Items]
Percentage fee equal to stated value						7.00%	7.00%
Series E Preferred Stock \| Preferred Stock, Redemption Period 3
Temporary Equity [Line Items]
Percentage fee equal to stated value						5.00%	5.00%
Series E Preferred Stock \| Preferred Stock, Redemption Period 4
Temporary Equity [Line Items]
Percentage fee equal to stated value						0.00%	0.00%
Series F Preferred Stock
Temporary Equity [Line Items]
Dividends issued on preferred stock \| $						$ 400	$ 400
Conversion of stock, shares converted (in shares)						10,191
Convertible preferred Stock, shares issued upon conversion (in shares)						1,500,000	1,500,000
Series F Preferred Stock \| Subsequent Event
Temporary Equity [Line Items]
Conversion of stock, shares converted (in shares)					43,000
Convertible preferred Stock, shares issued upon conversion (in shares)					6,100,000
Series F Preferred Stock \| Private Placement
Temporary Equity [Line Items]
Number of shares sold in transaction (in shares)				53,191
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock \| $			$ 50,000
Dividend rate percentage							8.00%
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares				$ 0.001		$ 1,000	$ 1,000
Discount percentage				6.00%
Fee percentage				3.50%
Conversion price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares						$ 4.0638	$ 4.0638
Trading days \| d							20
Consecutive trading days \| d							30
Percentage stock trigger							200.00%
Series F Preferred Stock, Discounted \| Private Placement
Temporary Equity [Line Items]
Number of shares sold in transaction (in shares)				3,191
Series E-1 Preferred Stock
Temporary Equity [Line Items]
Number of offerings \| offering						2
Number of shares sold in transaction (in shares)						6,359
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock \| $						$ 6,400
Dividend rate percentage						9.00%
Dividends issued on preferred stock \| $						$ 48	$ 48
Deliverable limit, percentage of outstanding shares						19.99%	19.99%
Common stock, share cap (in shares)						25,889,470	25,889,470
Minimum notice period							10 days
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 1,000
Series E-1 Preferred Stock \| Private Placement
Temporary Equity [Line Items]
Number of shares sold in transaction (in shares)	62,500
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.001
Series E-1 Preferred Stock \| Preferred Stock, Redemption Period 1
Temporary Equity [Line Items]
Percentage fee equal to stated value						9.00%	9.00%
Series E-1 Preferred Stock \| Preferred Stock, Redemption Period 2
Temporary Equity [Line Items]
Percentage fee equal to stated value						7.00%	7.00%
Series E-1 Preferred Stock \| Preferred Stock, Redemption Period 3
Temporary Equity [Line Items]
Percentage fee equal to stated value						5.00%	5.00%
Series E-1 Preferred Stock \| Preferred Stock, Redemption Period 4
Temporary Equity [Line Items]
Percentage fee equal to stated value						0.00%	0.00%

Leases - Components of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2024	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2024	Nov. 30, 2023
Operating lease cost:
Operating lease expense	$ 8,941	$ 2,486	$ 17,882	$ 2,970
Short-term lease expense	39	80	60	207
Total operating lease cost	8,980	2,566	17,942	3,177
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	23,381	10,860	54,651	16,490
Interest on lease liabilities	4,923	1,659	9,279	2,741
Total finance lease cost	28,304	12,519	63,930	19,231
Variable lease cost	62	40	117	77
Sublease Income	0	(24)	0	(47)
Total net lease cost	$ 37,346	$ 15,101	$ 81,989	$ 22,438

Leases - Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Nov. 30, 2024	May 31, 2024
Operating Leases
Remainder of FY25	$ 15,609
FY26	32,035
FY27	32,697
FY28	33,453
FY29	25,240
Thereafter	3,536
Total lease payments	142,570
Less: imputed interest	(21,653)
Total lease liabilities	120,917
Less: Current portion of lease liability	(23,096)	$ (21,705)
Long-term portion of lease liability	97,821	109,740
Finance Leases
Remainder of FY25	70,935
FY26	143,804
FY27	14
FY28	1
FY29	0
Thereafter	0
Total lease payments	214,754
Less: imputed interest	(15,846)
Total lease liabilities	198,908
Less: Current portion of lease liability	(136,511)	(107,683)
Long-term portion of lease liability	62,397	$ 63,288
Total
Remainder of FY25	86,544
FY26	175,839
FY27	32,711
FY28	33,454
FY29	25,240
Thereafter	3,536
Total lease payments	357,324
Less: imputed interest	(37,499)
Total lease liabilities	319,825
Less: Current portion of lease liability	(159,607)
Long-term portion of lease liability	$ 160,218

Leases - Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow and Other Information (Details)	Nov. 30, 2024	Nov. 30, 2023
Weighted-average years remaining (in years):
Finance leases	3 years 7 months 6 days	5 years 6 months
Operating leases	3 years 2 months 12 days	5 years 8 months 12 days
Weighted-average discount rate:
Finance leases	10.20%	8.80%
Operating leases	7.80%	7.90%

Leases - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	Nov. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease, not yet commenced, minimum payments	$ 18.9
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease, not yet commenced, term of contract	2 years

Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Nov. 30, 2024
Purchase Commitment, Excluding Long-Term Commitment [Line Items]
Service contract, term		2 years 2 months 12 days
Disposed of by sale \| Mara Garden City Facility
Purchase Commitment, Excluding Long-Term Commitment [Line Items]
Proceeds from sale	$ 25.0	$ 25.0
Energy Service
Purchase Commitment, Excluding Long-Term Commitment [Line Items]
Contractual obligation		$ 61.1

Business Segments - Schedule of Revenue by Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2024	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2024	Nov. 30, 2023
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 63,868	$ 42,203	$ 124,572	$ 78,527
Operating Segments \| Data center hosting segment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	36,163	37,753	71,012	71,925
Operating Segments \| Cloud services segment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	27,705	4,450	53,560	6,602
Operating Segments \| HPC hosting segment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

Business Segments - Schedule of Segment Profit and a Reconciliation to Net Income (Loss) Before Income Tax Expenses (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

3 Months Ended

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Nov. 30, 2024

Nov. 30, 2023

Nov. 30, 2024

Nov. 30, 2023

Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]

Total segment profit (loss)

$ (18,615)

$ (7,912)

$ (9,131)

$ (15,280)

Interest expense, net

^[1]

7,482

2,617

14,790

4,750

Loss on conversion of debt

25,410

33,612

Loss on change in fair value of debt

87,218

85,439

Loss on extinguishment of debt

2,353

Net loss before income tax expenses

(138,725)

(10,529)

(142,972)

(22,383)

Disposed of by sale | Mara Garden City Facility

Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]

Proceeds from sale

$ 25,000

25,000

Operating Segments

Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]

Total segment profit (loss)

901

(1,571)

17,997

(729)

Operating Segments | Data center hosting segment

Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]

Total segment profit (loss)

12,550

10,896

48,401

19,897

Operating Segments | Cloud services segment

Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]

Total segment profit (loss)

(5,810)

(11,559)

(21,620)

(18,964)

Operating Segments | HPC hosting segment

Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]

Total segment profit (loss)

(5,839)

(908)

(8,784)

(1,662)

Corporate Non Segment

Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]

Other

$ (19,516)

$ (6,341)

$ (27,128)

$ (14,551)

[1]

Includes related party interest expense of $0.7 million for the three and six months ended November 30, 2023. There was no related party debt outstanding during the three and six months ended November 30, 2024 and as such, no interest expense was incurred related to related party debt. See Note 5 - Related Party Transactions for further discussion of related party transactions.

Business Segments - Additional Segment Disclosures (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2024	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2024	Nov. 30, 2023
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	$ 26,445	$ 13,424	$ 60,806	$ 21,284
Operating Segments \| Data center hosting segment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	3,298	4,365	6,657	7,564
Operating Segments \| Cloud services segment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	21,733	8,782	51,951	13,290
Operating Segments \| HPC hosting segment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	1,353	184	2,074	311
Corporate Non Segment \| Other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	$ 61	$ 93	$ 124	$ 119

Business Segments - Segment Assets and Reconciliation to Consolidated Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Nov. 30, 2024	May 31, 2024
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	$ 1,543,169	$ 762,867
Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	1,247,838	740,086
Operating Segments \| Data center hosting segment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	140,809	145,222
Operating Segments \| Cloud services segment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	389,898	374,216
Operating Segments \| HPC hosting segment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	717,131	220,648
Corporate Non Segment \| Other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	$ 295,331	$ 22,781

Earnings Per Share - Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2024	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2024	Nov. 30, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (138,726)	$ (10,529)	$ (142,973)	$ (22,383)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	0	0	0	(397)
Preferred dividends	(629)	0	(673)	0
Net loss attributable to Common Stockholders	$ (139,355)	$ (10,529)	$ (143,646)	$ (21,986)
Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in dollars per share)	$ (0.66)	$ (0.10)	$ (0.80)	$ (0.21)
Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in dollars per share)	$ (0.66)	$ (0.10)	$ (0.80)	$ (0.21)
Basic weighted average number of shares outstanding (in shares)	209,560,339	109,663,030	179,119,398	105,067,375
Diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding (in shares)	209,560,339	109,663,030	179,119,398	105,067,375

Earnings Per Share - Narrative (Details) - shares shares in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2024	Nov. 30, 2023
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Dilutive shares (in shares)	7.6	8.5
Antidilutive shares (in shares)	7.5
Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive shares (in shares)	6.3

Subsequent Events (Details) - Subsequent Event $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	Jan. 13, 2025 USD ($) warrant $ / shares MW shares
Macquarie Asset Management (“MAM”)
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Consideration received on transaction	$ 900,000
HPC units \| MW	400
Initial investment	$ 225,000
Remaining investment	675,000
Remaining investment increments	2,250
Additional funding	$ 4,100,000
Dividend rate percentage	12.75%
Basis spread	8750.00%
Ellendale HPC data center lease units \| MW	100
Warants issued \| warrant	2
Common stock issued per warrant (in shares) \| shares	4,458,069
Common stock issued (in shares) \| shares	8,916,138
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 8.29
Macquarie Asset Management (“MAM”)
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Subsidiary, ownership percentage	15.00%