Significant Accounting Policies |
Note 2—Significant Accounting Policies The Company’s unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) as determined by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and pursuant to the accounting and disclosure rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information or footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of a normal recurring nature, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented. The condensed balance sheet at December 31, 2022 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all disclosures, including notes, required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on March 31, 2023, which contains the audited financial statements and notes thereto. The interim results for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023 or for any future interim periods. The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act, and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. Further, section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such an election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company that is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company that has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used. The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed financial statements. Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the unaudited condensed financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. One of the more significant accounting estimates included in these unaudited condensed financial statements is the determination of the fair value of the derivative warrant liabilities. Such estimates may be subject to change as more current information becomes available. Accordingly, the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had $56,600 and $13,715, respectively, in cash outside of the Trust Account available for working capital needs. The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash, Marketable Securities and Equity Securities Held in Trust Account The Company had $51.3 million held within a trust account in cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities as of December 31, 2022, none of which was available for working capital needs. Substantially all of the assets held in the Trust Account are held in U.S. Treasury securities. The Company’s investments held in the Trust Account are classified as held-to-maturity securities. Held-to-maturity securities are stated at amortized cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity computed under the effective interest method, at the end of each subsequent reporting period. Interest earned on the investments during each reporting period is recorded at the end of each reporting period and is reported as interest income in the accompanying unaudited condensed statements of operations. The Company estimated the expected credit loss for each security in its portfolio using the probability-of-default method. The Company concluded there were no expected losses as of December 31, 2022. During August 2023, the Company moved all the trust investments to a mutual fund that invests in cash, U.S. Treasury bills, notes, and other obligations with a dollar-weighted average maturity of 60 days or less. The mutual fund is considered a cash equivalent as the weighted average maturity is less than 90 days, the Company has the ability to redeem the fund’s shares on a daily basis, and the fund’s investment attributes are consistent with the investment attributes of an SEC registered money market fund. The estimated fair values of the mutual fund held in the Trust Account are determined using available market information. As of September 30, 2023, the equity securities in mutual funds held totaled $53.3 million.
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Investment in securities held in Trust Account, at fair value |
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|
|
|
Gross unrecognized holding gains |
|
|
Gross unrecognized holding losses |
|
|
|
|
Mutual funds |
|
$ |
53,335,870 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
53,335,870 |
|
|
|
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|
|
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|
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|
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|
securities, at amortized cost: |
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|
|
|
Gross unrecognized holding gains |
|
|
Gross unrecognized holding losses |
|
|
|
|
U.S. Treasury securities |
|
$ |
51,340,014 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
(3,293 |
) |
|
$ |
51,336,721 |
| Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash accounts or investment accounts in a financial institution, which at times, may exceed the Federal Depository Insurance Coverage of $250,000. The Company has not experienced losses on these accounts. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under ASC Topic 820, “ Fair Value Measurement” (“Topic 820”) , approximates the carrying amounts represented in the accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements. Topic 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes and ranks the level of observability of inputs used to measure investments at fair value. The observability of inputs is impacted by a number of factors, including the type of characteristics specific to the financial instruments, market conditions and other factors. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). Financial instruments with readily available quoted prices or for which fair value can be measured from quoted prices in active markets will typically have a higher degree of input observability and a lesser degree of judgment applied in determining fair value. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under Topic 820 are as follows: Level 1—Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical financial instruments at the measurement date are used. Level 2—Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the investment, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 pricing inputs include quoted prices for similar financial instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar financial instruments in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the financial instruments and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means. Level 3—Pricing inputs are unobservable and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the financial instruments. The inputs used in determination of fair value require significant judgment and estimation. In some cases, the inputs used to measure fair value might fall within different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the financial instrument is categorized in its entirety is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the financial instrument. The carrying amounts of working capital balances approximate their fair values due to the short maturity of these items. Convertible Promissory Note The Company accounts for its convertible promissory note under ASC 815, (“ASC 815”). Under the election can be at the inception of a financial instrument to account for the instrument under the fair value option under ASC 825. The Company has made such election for its convertible promissory note. Using fair value option, the convertible promissory note is required to be recorded at its initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of the note are recognized as non-cash within change in the fair value of the convertible promissory note in the unaudited condensed statements of operations. Derivative Warrant Liabilities The Company evaluated the Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants (collectively, “Warrant Securities”) in accordance with ASC 815-40, “Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity,” and concluded that the Warrant Securities could not be accounted for as components of equity. As the Warrant Securities meet the definition of a derivative in accordance with ASC 815-40, the Warrant Securities are recorded as derivative liabilities on the unaudited condensed balance sheets and measured at fair value at issuance and remeasured at each reporting date in accordance with ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurement”, with changes in fair value recognized in the unaudited condensed statements of operations in the period of change. The Company complies with the requirements of the ASC paragraph and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) Topic 5A-Expenses of Offering. Offering costs consist principally of professional and registration fees incurred through the balance sheet date that are related to the Initial Public Offering (the “IPO”). Offering costs are charged against the carrying value of Class A common stock or the unaudited condensed statements of operations based on the relative value of the Class A common stock and the Public Warrants to the proceeds received from the Units sold upon the completion of the IPO. Class A Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption The Company accounts for its Class A common stock subject to possible redemption in accordance with the guidance in ASC Topic 480 “ Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity ” (“ ”). Shares of Class A common stock subject to mandatory redemption (if any) are classified as liability instruments and are measured at fair value. Shares of conditionally redeemable Class A common stock (including Class A common stock that feature redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control) are classified as temporary equity. At all other times, shares of Class A common stock are classified as stockholders’ equity. The Company’s Class A common stock features include certain redemption rights that are considered to be outside of the Company’s control and subject to the occurrence of uncertain future events. Accordingly, at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, 5,012,592 shares of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption are presented as temporary equity, outside of the stockholders’ equity section of the accompanying unaudited condensed balance sheets. All of the 23,000,000 shares of Class A common stock sold as part of the Units in the Initial Public Offering (5,012,592 of which remained outstanding after giving effect to the First Redemption and 2,312,029 of which remained outstanding (excluding the 3,000,000 converted shares of Class B common stock) after the Second Redemption) contain a redemption feature which allows for the redemption of such public shares in connection with the Company’s liquidation if there is a stockholder vote or tender offer in connection with the Business Combination and in connection with certain amendments to the Company’s second amended and restated certificate of incorporation. In accordance with SEC and its staff’s guidance on redeemable equity instruments, which has been codified in ASC paragraph 480-10-S99, redemption provisions not solely within the control of the Company require common stock subject to redemption to be classified outside of permanent equity. Ordinary liquidation events, which involve the redemption and liquidation of all of the entity’s equity instruments, are excluded from the provisions of Topic 480. The Company recognizes changes in redemption value immediately as they occur and adjusts the carrying value of redeemable common stock to equal the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. Increases or decreases in the carrying amount of redeemable common stock are affected by charges against additional paid-in capital and accumulated deficit. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, approximately $2,220,000 and $1,723,000 of accretion was recorded on Class A common stock, respectively. The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC Topic 740, (“ ”). Topic 740 requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for both the expected impact of differences between the financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities and for the expected future tax benefit to be derived from tax loss and tax credit carry forwards. A valuation allowance is established when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. Topic 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, as income tax expense. There were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position. The Company is subject to income tax examinations by major taxing authorities since inception. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had income tax liabilities of approximately $890,000 and $ 86,000, respectively. The provision for income taxes resulted in an expense of approximately $890,000 and nil for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The provision for income taxes resulted in an expense of approximately $ 645,000 and nil for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Recent Accounting Standards Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s unaudited condensed financial statements. The Company continues to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and has concluded that COVID-19 may contribute to increased market volatility and economic uncertainties or deterioration in the United States and worldwide, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to complete an initial Business Combination and the value of the Company’s securities. As the World Health Organization (WHO) declared an end to the COVID-19 global emergency in May 2023, restrictions are expected to be lifted. In February 2022, the Russian Federation and Belarus commenced a military action against the country of Ukraine. As a result of this action, various nations, including the United States, have instituted economic sanctions against the Russian Federation and Belarus. Further, the impact of this action and related sanctions on the world economy is not determinable as of the date of the unaudited condensed financial statements, and the specific impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows is also not determinable as of the date of the unaudited condensed financial statements. The unaudited condensed financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IR Act”) was signed into federal law. The IR Act provides for, among other things, a 1% excise tax on the fair market value of stock repurchased by a publicly listed U.S. corporation beginning in 2023, subject to certain exceptions. The excise tax is imposed on the repurchasing corporation itself, not its stockholders from which shares are repurchased. The U.S. Department of the Treasury (the “Treasury”) has been given authority to issue regulations and other guidance to carry out, and prevent the abuse or avoidance of, the excise tax. It is unclear at this time how and to what extent the excise tax will apply to certain redemptions, but since the Company is a publicly listed Delaware corporation, it is a “covered corporation” within the meaning of the IR Act. Consequently, this excise tax may apply to certain redemptions of the Company’s public shares after December 31, 2022. Whether and to what extent the Company would be subject to the excise tax in connection with a Business Combination, extension vote or otherwise would depend on a number of factors, including (i) the fair market value of the redemptions and repurchases in connection with the Business Combination, extension or otherwise, (ii) the structure of a Business Combination, (iii) the nature and amount of any “PIPE” or other equity issuances in connection with a Business Combination (or otherwise issued not in connection with a Business Combination but issued within the same taxable year of a Business Combination) and (iv) the content of regulations and other guidance from the Treasury. In addition, because the excise tax would be payable by the Company and not by the redeeming holder, the mechanics of any required payment of the excise tax have not been determined. The foregoing could potentially reduce the per-share amount that the Company’s public stockholders would otherwise be entitled to receive upon redemption of their public shares, cause a reduction in the cash available on hand to complete a Business Combination and hinder the Company’s ability to complete a Business Combination. Net Income (Loss) Per Common Stock The Company has two classes of shares outstanding, which are referred to as Class A common stock and Class B common stock. Income and losses are shared pro rata between the two classes of common stock. Basic net income (loss) per share of common stock is calculated by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration of potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common stock and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period. For the purposes of the diluted net income (loss) per share calculation the warrants to purchase common stock are considered to be potentially dilutive securities pursuant to the treasury stock method. In order to determine the net income (loss) attributable to both the Class A common stock and Class B common stock, the Company first considered the total income (loss) allocable to both sets of shares. This is calculated using the total net income (loss) less any dividends paid. For purposes of calculating net income (loss) per share, any change to the redemption value of the Class A common stock is treated as a deemed dividend for the purposes of the numerator in the earnings per share calculation, as the redemption value approximates fair value. Subsequent to calculating the total income (loss) allocable to both sets of shares, the Company calculates the amount to be allocated pro rata between Class A common stock and Class B common stock for each of the periods presented. The following table reflects the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share of common stock (in dollars, except per share amounts):
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For the three months ended September 30, |
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|
|
Net income (loss), as reported |
|
$ |
(701,173 |
) |
|
$ |
1,318,234 |
|
Reconciliation items: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deemed dividend to Class A stockholders |
|
|
(415,659 |
) |
|
|
(1,411,236 |
) |
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|
|
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|
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|
Allocation of net loss, as adjusted |
|
$ |
(1,116,832 |
) |
|
$ |
(93,002 |
) |
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|
For the nine months ended September 30, |
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|
Net income, as reported |
|
$ |
1,782,882 |
|
|
$ |
6,550,195 |
|
Reconciliation items: |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deemed dividend to Class A stockholders |
|
|
(2,220,336 |
) |
|
|
(1,722,936 |
) |
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|
|
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|
Allocation of net income (loss), as adjusted |
|
$ |
(437,454 |
) |
|
$ |
4,827,259 |
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For the three months ended September 30, |
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Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share: |
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Allocation of net loss attributable to common stockholders, as adjusted |
|
$ |
(520,156) |
|
|
$ |
(596,676 |
) |
|
$ |
(74,402 |
) |
|
$ |
(18,600 |
) |
Allocation of accretion of temporary equity to Class A shares |
|
|
415,659 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1,411,236 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
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|
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|
Allocation of net income (loss) |
|
$ |
(104,497 |
) |
|
$ |
(596,676 |
) |
|
$ |
1,336,834 |
|
|
$ |
(18,600 |
) |
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Weighted average common stock outstanding, basic and diluted |
|
|
5,012,592 |
|
|
|
5,750,000 |
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|
23,000,000 |
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|
5,750,000 |
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|
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|
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share |
|
$ |
(0.02 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.10 |
) |
|
$ |
0.06 |
|
|
$ |
(0.00 |
) |
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|
For the nine months ended September 30, |
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Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share: |
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Allocation of net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders, as adjusted |
|
$ |
(203,741 |
) |
|
$ |
(233,713 |
) |
|
$ |
3,861,807 |
|
|
$ |
965,452 |
|
Allocation of accretion of temporary equity to Class A shares |
|
|
2,220,336 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1,722,936 |
|
|
|
— |
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|
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|
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|
Allocation of net income (loss) |
|
$ |
2,016,595 |
|
|
$ |
(233,713 |
) |
|
$ |
5,584,743 |
|
|
$ |
965,452 |
|
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|
Weighted average common stock outstanding, basic and diluted |
|
|
5,012,592 |
|
|
|
5,750,000 |
|
|
|
23,000,000 |
|
|
|
5,750,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share |
|
$ |
0.40 |
|
|
$ |
(0.04 |
) |
|
$ |
0.24 |
|
|
$ |
0.17 |
|
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| As of September 30, 2023 and 2022, the promissory notes convertible into warrants at a price of $1.50 per warrant and outstanding warrants to purchase 17,896,782 shares of Class A common stock were excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share of common stock for the periods presented as the exercise price is greater than the average market price (out of the money) and their inclusion would be anti-dilutive under the treasury stock method. As a result, basic and diluted income per share is the same for the periods presented.
|